ENERGY. Crude oil, natural gas, pitch, coal, wind, water, sun (solar energy), uranium, plutonium (nuclear energy)

Transcription

1 ENERGY

2 ENERGY Energy is the force which generates the capacity to work In order to perform mental and physical activities, man uses energy. This energy is derived from food. Man utilizes different skills and technologies to harness other sources of energy for sustainable development Crude oil, natural gas, pitch, coal, wind, water, sun (solar energy), uranium, plutonium (nuclear energy)

3 PETROLEUM

4 PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL NATURAL GAS PITCH

5 CRUDE OIL AND ITS PRODUCTS AND USES BY-PRODUCTS 1. Gasoline 2. Aviation fuel 3. Kerosene 4. LPG 5. Fuel oil 6. Lubricating oil 7. Diesel oil 8. Grease and wax 9. Bitumen USES 1. Fuel for internal combustion engines 2. Fuel for aeroplanes 3. Fuel for light, heat; solvent 4. Fuel for cooking 5. Electricity generation; heating fuel 6. Motor vehicles 7. Fuel for trucks, buses, cars; pesticides, plastics 8. Candles, soap, polish, wax paper 9. Road surfacing, roofing,

6 FACTS ABOUT PETROLEUM Most widely used source of energy in the world Efficient Its use produces greenhouse gases Lead is used in gasoline contributing to lead pollution of the atmosphere Most Caribbean countries have no oil Petroleum prices are volatile Alternative sources of energy are being sought because of the prohibitive cost and pollutant nature of petroleum

7 NATURAL GAS

8 NATURAL GAS Environmentally friendly and effective alternative source of fuel

9 USES OF NATURAL GAS Generation of electricity Fuel in internal combustion engines and for welding Industrial uses and manufacturing operations Several light and heavy manufacturing industries use natural gas as a feedstock (methanol, urea, ammonia, iron and steel) Fuel to generate heat for homes in temperate countries

10 SOLAR ENERGY

11 SOLAR ENERGY Energy generated from the sun Available throughout the world Non-exhaustible Free resources Does not produce pollutants Noise free

12 USES OF SOLAR ENERGY Drying crops (solar crop drier) Cooking food (solar cookers) Distillation of water (solar still) Desalination Solar powered calculators and watches Transmission of satellite images Generation of electricity on a small scale Heating water (solar water heaters)

13 SOLAR COOKERS

14 WIND

15 WIND ENERGY This energy first powered ships with sails providing commerce and communication between countries (before the invention of engines) Many countries today use windmills to generate electricity for pumping water, operating electrical equipment, and supplying light to households

16 ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY A renewable resource A free resource It is a clean resource i.e. it does not produce any sort of environmental pollution

17 DISADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY Depends on the force of the wind which may sometimes be non-existent Windmills must be placed on highlands to attract a constant supply of wind leading to destruction of forests

18 HYDROELECTRIC POWER

19 HYDROELECTRIC POWER Electricity generated by utilizing the energy of falling water This energy is increased by using water wheels or hydraulic turbines Hydroelectric plants convert the energy from waterfalls, reservoirs, dams, lakes etc Hydroelectric plants are expensive to build but once built are economical to maintain because water power is renewable

20 HYDROELECTRIC POWER Widely used in the US, Canada, Sweden, France, Japan, Russia Efforts being made to build a hydroelectric plant in Guyana Kaieteur Falls has immense potential but its remote location in the interior, away from populated areas, has been a deterrent to tapping this source of energy

21 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

22 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Energy harnessed from active volcanoes and hot springs which discharge steam or underground water which is under extreme pressure St Vincent, St. Lucia, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Montserrat all have potential to harness geothermal energy

23 HARNESSING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Geothermal energy is produced by drilling a well into the ground where thermal activity is occurring. Once a well has been identified and a well head attached, the steam is separated from the water, the water is diverted through a turbine engine which turns a generator. Usually the water is injected back into the ground to resupply the geothermal source.

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25 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Geothermal energy is a renewable and sustainable power source that comes from the heat generated by the earth. "Geo" means earth and "thermal" means heat.

26 ADVANTAGES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY creates less environmental pollution is renewable and sustainable avoids importing energy resources benefits remote areas adds to energy source diversity creates less waste disposal has a long life span

27 DISADVANTAGES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY insufficient force to turn large turbines so amount of electricity generated is limited

28 NUCLEAR ENERGY

29 NUCLEAR ENERGY Generated by the use of uranium and plutonium First used to manufacture nuclear bombs From 1950s used to generate electricity Used in medicine (x-rays)

30 DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY Generates radioactive waste which is difficult to dispose of as it releases radiation for several decades Excessive exposure to radiation causes cancer, mutation of genes, anaemia, leukemia