ENERGY 1: RESOURCES. Ppt. by Robin D. Seamon
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1 ENERGY 1: RESOURCES Ppt. by Robin D. Seamon
2 Types of Energy
3 Energy: the ability to do work (joules) (amt. of E to lift an apple 1m) Energy comes in many forms.
4 FORMS of ENERGY: Thermal energy: energy from the rapid movement of molecules, causing heat- high temp to low temp -moves faster at high temp Mechanical energy: Energy of motion & position -stays the same unless transfers to another object
5 Gravitational potential energy: potential energy an object has if it falls Elastic Potential energy: potential energy of an object as it is forced to change shape, but has the ability to return to its normal shape.
6 Light energy: energy from light; vibrations of electrically charged particles (NOTE: do not need air to transmit can transmit through a vacuum as photons)
7 Sound energy: energy from sound waves; objects vibrate, transmitting some of the kinetic E to air around it, air particles vibrate & transmit E to your ear YOU HEAR!
8 Electrical energy: energy from moving electrons in atoms (negative charge around atoms) CURRENT
9 Most of energy in US goes to electricity Generator: converts mechanical energy into electrical energy Turn a magnet surrounded by a copper wire Creates an electromagnetic field which aligns the electrons into a current of electrons moving in one direction: electricity E L E C T R I C I T Y
10 HOW TO MOVE THE MAGNET- turbine? Steam moves in one direction and can spin the turbine So, boiling water is a widely used method
11 HOW TO BOIL THE WATER? Biomass: Burn wood Burn fossil fuels Nuclear reactions
12 Nuclear energy: energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom Fission break apart (power plants) Fusion put together (sun) 100,000,000 C: H joins to form He
13 ELECTRICITY Activities LINK QUIZ VIDEO
14 Chemical energy: energy from the interaction of molecules o Food chain- the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by an autotroph and then the transfer of that energy between organisms that eat it.
15 o Photosynthesis: sugar forms by rearranging molecules to form: C 6 H 12 O 6 6H 2 O 6O 2 6CO C 6 H 12 O 6 2 o cellular respiration turns sugar into ATP Energy the cell needs C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2O 38 ATP o burning wood releases E as heat o Explosion: rapid release of E
16 E N E R G Y E F F I C I E NC Y Energy is neither created or destroyed. It changes forms.
17 Closed system: group of objects that only transfer E to each other. (not everything is a closed system) *In Conversion of E, some ALWAYS gets converted to thermal E (not lost!) Energy efficiency: comparison of the amount of E before conversion, with the amount after conversion
18 ENERGY CONVERSION LAB Make a list of 10 gadgets. Denote the source of E and into what kind of E it converts GADGET SOURCE DESTINATION Alarm clock Electrical E Light & sound E Battery Chemical E Electrical E Light bulb Electrical E Light & thermal E Blender Electrical E Kinetic & sound E
19 ENERGY CONVERSION LAB 2 Choose one daily activity that you do. Trace the Energy back as far as you can go. Soccer ball moves (mechanical Energy) > Kicking a soccer ball (mechanical Energy) > muscles move forward (mechanical Energy) > Energy goes to my muscles from food I eat > (chemical Energy) > the bacon I ate has Energy from the plants the pig ate (chemical Energy) > the plant has Energy from the sun (photosynthesis/light Energy) > the sun gives off light Energy from nuclear fusion > nuclear fusion comes from the combining of hydrogen atoms to make helium
20 Energy Resources
21 Nonrenewable- an energy source that cannot be readily replaced naturally in comparison to its consumption Renewable- an energy source that can be reused or readily replaced naturally
22 Fossil Fuels: resource from ancient, buried Carbonburning coal, oil & natural gas NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE We burn it to boil water in electricity production: -Steam -turbine -generator -electricity
23 RESOURCE: FOSSIL FUELS PROS + CONS - + Natural gas used in nonrenewable stoves, furnaces, Pollution to air water heaters, clothes dryers, Coal damages land & pollutes water appliances, Supplies limited electrical power plants + produces lots of E Drilling for oil damages & pollutes + already have a system of using it worldwide Adds carbon dioxide to global warming equation
24 NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE Nuclear Fuels: splits radioactive atoms of Uranium & Plutonium to produce heat --> steam --> energy
25 RESOURCE: NUCLEAR ENERGY PROS + CONS - + No air pollution Non-renewable + Lots of Energy is released Produces radioactive waste that must be safely stored for long time Nuclear accident could release radioactive materials into environment (Chernobyl 3-mile Island)
26 Solar Energy: RENEWABLE RESOURCE Used for HEAT or ENERGY solar cells hold water or silicon, sun/light heats it (= hot water/spaces or electric charge from heated silicon molecule) At Night: solar batteries store E
27 RESOURCE: SOLAR ENERGY PROS + CONS - + Renewable- lots of it + Free + No air pollution + No environmental Can t produce electricity at night so must be stored in solar batteries pollution Expensive right now
28 Hydropower RENEWABLE RESOURCE Dams built to control water flow of rivers Water rushes down through tubes inside dam. Moving water drives electrical generators built inside the dam
29 RESOURCE: HYDROPOWER PROS + CONS - + Renewable- lots of it + Free + No air pollution Can t be used everywhere; need large river + No environmental pollution Making a dam requires building of reservoir (man-made lake)
30 RENEWABLE RESOURCE Wind Energy: using the wind to turn turbines for energy
31 RESOURCE: WIND ENERGY PROS + CONS - + Renewable- lots of it + Free Need a reliably windy place + No air pollution Turbines are noisy + No environmental pollution Birds and bats have been killed
32 RENEWABLE RESOURCE Geothermal Energy: using heat from inside the earth to warm water --> steam --> energy (radioactive decay of uranium= heat) Iceland
33 RESOURCE: GEOTHEMAL ENERGY PROS + CONS - + Renewable- lots of it + Free + No air pollution + Natural hot springs/geysers Need to be located over volcanically active ground
34 Biomass organic matter is burned to release Energy RENEWABLE RESOURCE Burning wood; captured methane; municipal waste; agricultural residue; ethanol- made from fermenting crops like corn; added to gasoline VIDEO
35 RESOURCE: BIOMASS PROS + CONS - + Gets rid of a waste + Reduces amount of Releases carbon dioxide gasoline being used Could affect food availability since it s made from crops Clearing trees to grow corn: rainforest
36 LAB ENERGY PRO s & CON s List the advantages & disadvantages of the following sources of Energy. ENERGY TYPE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Fossil fuels nuclear solar water Wind Geothermal Biomass
37 Electricity HSW Solar Energy HSW Wind Energy HSW Nuclear Fusion HSW Hydroelectric Power HSW Oil drilling HSW Geothermal Energy HSW Energy Pyramid HSW
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