Integrated Solid Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) The City of Red Deer

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1 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Integrated Solid Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) The City of Red Deer i

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3 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Executive Summary The Waste Management Master Plan s vision, based on Council direction, is to provide strategic and detailed direction to reduce the per capita amount of waste sent to landfill through waste reduction and diversion initiatives that can be supported by the residents and businesses through their actions and choices. The plan is the fourth in a series of Waste Management Master Plans that were initiated in 1992, and aims to make Red Deer a recognized provincial leader in sustainable waste management. Consistent with the plan s vision, Red Deer s Environmental Master Plan, adopted in 2011, includes a goal to decrease the amount of waste going to landfill and increase waste diversion opportunities. In addition to data analysis, field observations and a review of best practices, research conducted for the project included considerable stakeholder consultations, particularly within the commercial sector. In 2011, approximately 75,000 tonnes of waste from the City of Red Deer were disposed at the Red Deer Waste Management Facility landfill. This translates to a disposal rate of 812 kg per capita. It is estimated that 63% of Red Deer s waste originates in the industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) sector. The rate of waste diversion within the commercial sector is unknown, as this activity occurs within the private sector, and no reporting mechanism exists with The City. However, field observations and consultations suggest that considerable additional potential exists for increased diversion within the ICI sector. At the same time, the single-family residential waste diversion rate resulting from collection of recyclables and yard waste is reported to be 27%. Multi-family residential diversion programming is less effective, with issues around participation and contamination of recycling streams. The most significant residential waste diversion opportunities lie with organics, both yard waste and food waste. Estimates in the commercial sector suggest that the greatest diversion opportunities are represented by cardboard, paper and food waste. A waste reduction strategy was developed to build a progressive waste reduction program that will deliver increased diversion and make The City a leader in waste management programming, as outlined in the following elements and recommendations: Option Type Education / Promotion Overall Approaches Option Government leadership Review and update internal procurement policy to encourage reduction, reuse and recycled content. Develop a consistent comprehensive waste diversion program for all public buildings and operations. Community engagement Develop a community engagement plan to promote waste reduction and diversion initiatives and leverage existing environmental networks. Community-based social marketing Continue to build internal capacity in community-based social marketing, and integrate these approaches into all program designs and implementation. Expand marketing efforts for existing programming to improve participation and address specific behaviour issues. Initiate a cooperative design process between The City and contractors for recycling infrastructure to improve consistency in bin design, colours and signage. i

4 sonnevera international corp. Option Type Residential Waste Reduction/ Diversion Option Branding Develop a Red Deer brand that provides a consistent program look and messaging throughout City waste reduction initiatives. Social Media Investigate SmartPhone apps that can help to remind residents of waste management services and diversion opportunities. Enhance The City s website to provide more information related to The City s waste reduction and waste management services, and incorporating more interactive features. Public spaces recycling Pilot new and improved signage at existing public recycling bins, including assessment of participation and contamination levels, as well as an advertising campaign. If the pilot is successful, all litter bins in public spaces should be replaced with multi-stream bins, and supported by ongoing promotional activities. Zero waste public events Prepare a zero waste event guide for event organizers that provides tips on how to minimize waste at events and identifies local waste management resources and services. Require event organizers to prepare a waste management action plan including waste reduction and diversion elements as part of special events permits. Provide highly visible garbage and recycling containers to public events that are consistent (colours, signage) with other public space and municipal recycling initiatives. Backyard composting Build upon the Composting at Home program through enhanced education and initiatives like subsidized composter sales to promote backyard composting throughout residential areas of Red Deer. Grasscycling and xeriscaping Develop a grasscycling and xeriscaping awareness campaign linked to existing and future environmental campaigns related to healthy yards, water conservation and backyard composting. Expanded residential organics collection Implement a year-long pilot of expanded residential organics collection to include food waste and soiled paper, testing combined yard and food waste, as well as separated collection over four seasons. Utilizing results from the pilot, if deemed successful, implement communitywide residential organics collection. Bi-weekly garbage collection Combine pilot of bi-weekly garbage and recyclables collection with expanded organics pilot. ii

5 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Option Type Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Waste Reduction Option Enhanced Curbside Recycling Enter into negotiations with the MRF s operator to determine capabilities regarding collection of an expanded range of plastics. If positive, expand materials accepted in the blue box to all mixed container plastics and film. Implement a pilot residential blue cart collection program. Due to the larger volume that can be accommodated in a cart, if automated carts are expanded for use at all homes, bi-weekly collection of recycling should be considered. User-pay / volume limitations An initial reduction of the can limit from its current rate down to 3 containers per week should be considered, followed by a subsequent reduction down to 2 containers. Implementation of a container reduction could be introduced at the same time as new recyclables are added to the program. Enhanced multi-family programming Work with the recycling contractor to develop a targeted multi-family social marketing program. As a launch to the campaign, provide in-suite recycling containers. Waste diversion assistance Provide technical and information assistance to businesses and institutions that want to implement waste diversion programs. ICI recognition Develop a recognition program for businesses achieving high standards in waste diversion. ICI food waste diversion Initiate a pilot ICI food waste collection program, including promotion and education materials and training of staff at participating businesses, to identify specific opportunities and barriers to success. Incorporating results from the pilot, introduce a community-wide promotion of ICI food waste collection service options. Clarify the Utility Bylaw s application to commercial organics collection services. Support ICI locations that want to implement on-site composting. Enhanced ICI recycling collection Work with contractors to design and implement alternate collection options for businesses in areas that present challenges to effective participation in diversion programs. Consider providing municipal buildings with recycling services as an add-on to the multi-family recycling program Expanded C&D diversion opportunities Expand the pallet recycling program to include all clean (uncoated) wood waste. Assess the potential benefits of adding aggregate diversion opportunities at the Waste Management Facility. iii

6 sonnevera international corp. Option Type Infrastructure Enhancements Regulatory Options Option Automated cart-based garbage collection Implement a pilot automated garbage collection program. If the pilot is deemed successful, expand automated garbage collection community-wide. If automated collection is implemented full-scale, consider offering residents variable can sizes to further enhance the user pay concept and create a financial incentive to maximize diversion. Organics processing facility If a composting facility is deemed to be required to process residential and ICI food waste, conduct a composting feasibility study to determine technology, size and location of suitable processing facility. Differential tipping fees Create a financial incentive for diverting recyclable and compostable materials through a system of differential tipping fees at the Waste Management Facility. Disposal bans Consider implementation of disposal bans for waste materials that have an existing collection and processing infrastructure in place. Residential mandatory recycling / source separation If promotion and education and financial incentives such as pay-as-youthrow garbage collection do not provide the desired level of residential program performance, implement curbside collection bans for all organics and recyclables that are part of both programs. ICI mandatory recycling / source separation Once adequate alternatives exist for ICI organics and recyclables, if ICI diversion expectations are not met, require all businesses to participate in diversion programs. iv

7 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Option Type Residuals Management Monitoring and Reporting Option Site development Prepare and implement an integrated Design and Operations Plan for the landfill site, with provisions for minor updates every five years. Develop a long-term capital cost plan which provides capital costs of all landfill related infrastructure projects and progressive closure costs. Airspace consumption Implement annual topographical plans generated from aerial survey data. Based on the annual topographical plan, undertake an annual airspace consumption analysis. Operational considerations Consider seasonal use of alternative daily cover at the site. Review the terms of reference of the operations contract to ensure that it contains appropriate performance criteria. Implement a comprehensive reporting system that provides the level of material breakdown to evaluate performance in different sectors. Conduct on-site and load audits to assess breakout of waste from various sectors. Carry out surveys at recycling depots to determine relative usage by commercial vs. residential sectors, as well as residents from outside Red Deer. Request reporting of diversion amounts from the commercial sector, including businesses that direct ship materials out of the city, as well as total collection volumes from contractors. Incorporate environmental benefits calculations into the reporting system. Based on implementation of this strategy, the targeted overall per-capita disposal rate is reduced from 812 kg per capita in 2011 to 500 kg per capita in At the same time, the annual kg of garbage per residential account is targeted at 400 kg, down from 610 kg in The Waste Management Master Plan underwent an extensive stakeholder review process, including public consultations to gain feedback from residents and business owners / operators on the proposed plan. Results showed that the City of Red Deer's residents and businesses are generally in support of the actions proposed within the Waste Management Master Plan. v

8 sonnevera international corp. Table of Contents Executive Summary... i Table of Figures... vii Table of Tables... viii 1 Introduction Council Vision Plan Objectives Background Waste Management Master Plan History Waste Management Master Plan Waste Management Master Plan Waste Management Master Plan Environmental Master Plan Methodology Existing Waste Management System and Waste Characterization Disposal, Diversion and Waste Generation Environmental Benefits of Diversion Composition of Residential Waste Disposed Stakeholder Input Customer Survey Highlights Feedback from the ICI Sector Feedback from the Construction and Demolition (C&D) Sector Diversion Potential Waste Management Strategy Waste Reduction, Diversion and Residuals Management Elements Education / Promotion Overall Approaches Residential Waste Reduction / Diversion Industrial, Commercial & Institutional (ICI) Waste Reduction / Diversion Infrastructure Enhancements Regulatory Options Residuals Management Monitoring and Reporting Summary of Recommendations Prioritization Ranking of Program Elements Public Consultation Implementation Schedule Financial and Staffing Implications Estimated Expenditures Human Resources Estimated Diversion Targets Summary vi

9 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer APPENDICES Appendix A Previous Waste Management Master Plans Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Appendix C Utility Bylaw 3464 Appendix D ICI Audits and Interviews Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approaches Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Appendix G Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples Appendix H Waste Collection Examples Appendix I Regulations Appendix J Comparison of Alberta Municipal Residential Diversion Programs Appendix K Municipal Research Appendix L Financial Analysis Appendix M Red Deer Promotion / Education Materials Appendix N Public Consultation Results Table of Figures Figure 1: Origin of Red Deer waste... 8 Figure 2: Breakdown of Residential Waste Excluding Multi-Family Buildings in Figure 3: Breakdown of Residential Waste Including Multi-Family Buildings in Figure 4: Historical Residential Recyclables Collection... 9 Figure 5: Breakdown of Residential Recyclables Collected Figure 6: Residential Recyclables Collection Mechanism Figure 7: Estimated Composition of Residential Waste Disposed Figure 8: Sources of Waste Materials Generated in Alberta Figure 9: City of Red Deer Waste Sources Figure 10: Composition of ICI Waste Figure 11: City of Toronto Workstation Waste Containers Figure 12: Richmond s Environmental Purchasing Guide Figure 13: Centralized Waste Station in City of Markham Figure 14: City of Red Deer logo Figure 15: Green Deer branding Figure 16: Effective signage combining clear words with photos Figure 17: Single-stream recycling sign Figure 18: Medicine Hat my-waste App Figure 19: Bus stop recycling station in Red Deer Figure 20: Markham Silver Box Public Space Recycling Container Figure 21: Markham Park Recycling Container Figure 22: Markham Super Mailbox Recycling Container Figure 23: Recycling Station at Carnival San Francisco Figure 24: Recycling trailer Figure 25: Montgomery County Grasscycling Poster Figure 26: Montgomery County Grasscycling Magnet Figure 27: Curbside organics collection bin Figure 28: Food waste collection bin and kitchen catcher vii

10 sonnevera international corp. Figure 29: Variable subscription garbage carts Figure 30: Capital Regional District Reusable Bag Figure 31: Portland Recycle at Work Central Collection Box Figure 32: Portland Recycle at Work Desk-side Box Figure 33: Portland Container Recycling Poster Figure 34: Portland Mixed Paper Recycling Poster Figure 35: Toronto Yellow Bag Collection Program Figure 36: Construction and Demolition Waste Disposed at the Waste Management Facility Figure 37: Port Coquitlam Garbage, Recycling and Yard Waste Carts Figure 38: Ranking of Program Elements Figure 39: It is important that we reduce the amount of waste sent to the landfill Figure 40: It is important that Red Deer becomes a leader in sustainable waste management Figure 41: Support for Reducing Waste Sent to the Landfill Figure 42: Support for Red Deer Being a Waste Management Leader Figure 43: Estimated Diversion Implementation of Strategy Table of Tables Table 1: Environmental Master Plan Targets... 4 Table 2: Estimated City of Red Deer Residential Diversion Potential Table 3: Estimated City of Red Deer Commercial Diversion Potential Table 4: Waste Management Strategy Elements Table 5: Residential Survey Results Table 6: ICI Survey Results Table 7: Implementation Plan Table 8: Implementation Budget and Schedule Table 9: Estimated Diversion Table 10: Environmental Master Plan Targets Table 11: Current Diversion Amounts Table 12: Proposed Waste Targets viii

11 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer 1 Introduction In January 2012, sonnevera international corp. (sonnevera) was contracted by The City of Red Deer to develop an updated Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) to establish a strategic direction and planning framework for waste management in Red Deer for the next 25 years. This resulting WMMP provides a detailed work plan for the next ten years that focuses on achieving the mandate set forth by The City of Red Deer s Waste Management Section: to collect and dispose solid waste in an environmentally responsible manner, with emphasis on recycling and reuse where feasible. The plan works towards this mandate, while building on the successes of the current waste management system. 1.1 Council Vision In April 2012, City Council attended a workshop to provide input into the process to update Red Deer s WMMP. As a result of their input, the following vision for the Plan was developed: Red Deer s WMMP will provide strategic and detailed direction to reduce the per capita amount of waste sent to landfill through waste reduction and diversion initiatives that can be supported by the residents and businesses through their actions and choices. The plan aims to make Red Deer a recognized provincial leader in sustainable waste management. 1.2 Plan Objectives In addition to the vision provided above, Council input was also used to establish objectives for the WMMP. The options selected for inclusion in the WMMP will aim to achieve the following objectives: Encourage and support waste minimization behaviours; Recognize that convenience and accessibility are critical to maintaining community support; Create measurable environmental benefits, such as decreasing the annual per capita disposal rate; Support sustainable waste management on a regional level; and Optimize diversion potential and cost to derive the best value. 1

12 sonnevera international corp. 2 Background The City of Red Deer is centrally located within Alberta, situated approximately 150 kilometers north of Calgary, and is surrounded by Red Deer County. It is Alberta s third most populous city, after Calgary and Edmonton, with an approximate population of 92,000, based on the 2011 municipal census. The City has consistently seen a steady increase in population due to its thriving oil and agricultural industries. The City operates a successful waste management service that includes collection of recycling, yard waste and garbage, and a state-of-the-art waste management facility. With the growth of the city, as well as public expectations for progressive environmental programs and services, The City strives to have its solid waste programs and services meet community expectations. It is with this in mind that The City conducts annual customer surveys and regularly reviews and updates its WMMP, and has developed an Environmental Master Plan (EMP) to serve as a roadmap to improve the city s sustainability, including specific goals for waste management. These existing documents serve to frame the development of the new WMMP from the identification of successes and opportunities for improvement to establishing longrange targets for the performance of the waste management system. 2.1 Waste Management Master Plan History The City of Red Deer prepared its first Solid Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) in The Plan was reviewed and updated in 1998 and These plans have been the basis for the programs and services that are in place today. This section provides a brief overview of the previous Plans and reports on their implementation status. A full listing of the recommendations in each Plan and their implementation status is provided in Appendix A Waste Management Master Plan The first WMMP was prepared in response to the community s increasing concern about the environment. Council directed staff to prepare a plan that investigated and formulated policy on the city s waste management issues. The objectives of the 1992 Plan were to reduce reliance on landfilling through a solid waste management system that incorporates reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery, and to assist the Province in achieving its goal of 50% waste reduction by the year The recommendations in the 1992 WMMP were expected to divert 20% of waste away from landfilling. The key recommendations were: Implement a 5 container limit on residential garbage collection Apply for approval for the development of a dry waste site Ban white goods (large metal appliances) from the landfill Develop a promotion and education program Pilot a yard waste collection and composting program City staff reported that the majority of the recommendations in this plan were implemented Waste Management Master Plan The goal for the 1998 WMMP was to determine what parts of the solid waste system could be improved and whether further waste reduction could be achieved. The key recommendations in the 1998 Plan were: Increase organics diversion through encouraging backyard composting and consideration of a pilot program for food waste Implement a 5 bag limit on residential garbage collection (not previously implemented) Actively encourage businesses to participate in waste diversion All of the recommendations in this plan were implemented. 2

13 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Waste Management Master Plan The goal for the 2005 WMMP was to obtain confirmation of the strategic direction of waste management programming. The recommendations in the 2005 Plan continue to promote waste diversion in both the residential and commercial sectors, which is consistent with the direction of the previous plans. The recommendations from this plan that have been completed are: Provide a second drop-off depot for recyclables Recycle e-waste materials not in the provincial stewardship program Promote backyard composting Provide School Recycling Program The recommendations from this plan that were not fully implemented are: Lower 5 unit set out limit for waste collection Make recycling directory available online Promote grasscycling Investigate the economics of recycling more wood Some additional recommendations were not implemented because alternative actions were taken. Examples include: Host Online Swap and Shop Service other on-line services such as FreeCycle, Kijiji and Craigslist are readily available and widely used Provide Waste Oil Drop-off being done through private recycling facilities Provide Additional E-waste Drop-off Depot in Red Deer The volume of e-waste disposed has not yet warranted a second e-waste location Recycle Printer Cartridges being done through several retail stores Recycle concrete and asphalt being done through private recycling facilities 2.2 Environmental Master Plan In April 2011, Council approved The City s Environmental Master Plan (EMP) which outlines seven key areas of action: water, ecology, transportation, the built environment, air, energy and waste. The main goal related to waste is to decrease the amount of waste going to landfill and increase waste diversion opportunities. Specific actions to achieve this goal included in the EMP are: Update the Waste Management Master Plan. Review differential tipping fee structure to identify opportunities to encourage (incent) diversion. Create an education campaign, toolkits and pilot projects around household and community composting. Partner with developers and builders to advance recycling and diversion of construction waste on development sites. 3

14 sonnevera international corp. The EMP also sets out specific targets to drive the implementation of the Plan. The targets are shown in the following table: Table 1: Environmental Master Plan Targets Timeline Residential Solid Waste Targets Waste Diversion Targets* 2009 (baseline) 183 kg per capita/year 10% diversion By % reduction from 2009 levels 20% diversion By % reduction from 2009 levels 30% diversion By % reduction from 2009 levels 50% diversion *Diversion is the percentage of waste diverted per year per tonne of waste landfilled 2.3 Methodology During the development of this WMMP, several tasks were completed to define the recommendations for Red Deer s future waste management system. Those tasks included: Gathering and reviewing existing historical reports and data on solid waste management in Red Deer Site visits to the major solid waste facilities Participating in residential and commercial garbage and recycling collection services Interviews with key stakeholders A workshop with City of Red Deer s staff involved in solid waste management Waste audits at the landfill An on-line survey for businesses Site visits and waste audits at randomly selected businesses and institutions Consultation meetings with a variety of stakeholders including: The Downtown Business Association Red Deer Home Builder s Association Red Deer Construction Association Environmental Advisory Committee ReThink Red Deer Service providers City staff from various departments Compiling and assessing best management practices for application to Red Deer Preparing a comparative assessment of waste management programs in other Alberta municipalities Reviewing the results of The City s Customer Satisfaction Surveys Review of The City s waste management budget The stakeholder consultations were conducted on an individual and group basis to determine potential barriers, opportunities and customer needs. The waste stream analyses and visual audits provided insight into trends specific to Red Deer and allowed diversion potential to be estimated. A review of best practices in communities similar to Red Deer identified potential approaches that could be implemented in Red Deer, including economic incentives, regulatory mechanisms and voluntary measures. The recommended options presented in this document were selected based on a thorough understanding of the current system, preferences identified during stakeholder consultation and their success in 4

15 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer comparable jurisdictions. The selection of options also considered The City s Environmental Master Plan and waste management strategy. Upon completion of the Draft WMMP, a workshop was held with City Council and the Environmental Advisory Committee to review results and recommendations prior to public release of the document. Feedback from this process was used to refine the implementation plan and schedule, followed by tabling of the report at City Council, at which point the draft report became public. An extensive program of public consultations was then launched over a period of two months, including attendance at public events and online surveys to gain feedback from residents and business owners / operators on the proposed plan. Audiences and venues were selected to ensure broad community representation, as well as a range of public demographics, and included recreation facilities, shopping malls, coffee shops, Red Deer College, business events, a seniors centre and a large consumer trade fair. The consultation process was promoted through advertising and social media to encourage participation, ultimately resulting in direct contact with about 850 individuals (residents and businesses), and completion of 909 residential and 51 business surveys. Additional information on the public consultation process is included in Section 8. 5

16 sonnevera international corp. 3 Existing Waste Management System and Waste Characterization There is a broad range of waste management programs and infrastructure in the City of Red Deer and this Plan is intended to build on the success of the existing system. The following is a brief summary of the key components of the waste management system in Red Deer followed by data on waste generation, diversion and disposal. A detailed description of the policies, programs and infrastructure is provided in Appendix B. Policy The City s Utility Bylaw gives The City control over garbage collection services provided to residential, institutional and commercial properties. Consequently, The City, through its contractors, provides collection services to all residents and most businesses within the city (see Appendix C). Waste generated at construction and demolition sites, as well as Michener Centre, is not included under The City s bylaw. Waste collected in containers larger than six cubic yards is also excluded from the bylaw. The City s Utility Bylaw provides significant control over how solid waste is collected and where it is disposed. The control afforded by this bylaw is unique in Alberta and provides The City with the potential to influence waste management practices in all sectors. To encourage use of recycling and yard waste services, residents are limited to 5 containers of garbage on a weekly basis Education and Promotion The City has an educational interpretive centre located at the Waste Management Facility that receives 1,400 students per year The Blue Line is a telephone hotline service to answer questions about The City s waste management programs The City utilizes utility bill inserts and newspaper advertising to provide information regarding waste management programs and events The City publishes brochures on composting and naturescaping City staff participate in Let s Talk and Enviro Fair events Reduction and Reuse Programs The City promotes the Kick it to the Curb reuse event for residents The City encourages use of on-line services such as Craigslist and Kijiji The Take It or Leave It Centre at the Waste Management Facility offers opportunities to drop off or pick up reusable furniture There are also various commercial and non-profit retailers of used goods independent of The City of Red Deer programs The City promotes alternatives to the single-use plastic bag Backyard composting is promoted through the Composting at Home pilot project and on-line information resources Recycling Curbside collection of recyclables is provided to residents (blue box for single-family homes and cart-based collection for multi-family buildings) Two recycling depots accept the same materials that are collected through the residential program Materials collected though the residential collection program and at the recycling depots are processed at a local Material Recovery Facility (MRF) owned by Waste Management Inc. 6

17 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Red Deer s Waste Management Facility provides a broad range of additional recycling/diversion opportunities, including scrap metal, appliances, drywall, toilets, asphalt shingles, electronics, yard waste, tires, pallets and household hazardous waste (HHW) There are private collection companies that provide recycling collection services to businesses; in addition, some large commercial businesses manage their recyclables internally, baling materials (e.g. cardboard) on-site and shipping them back to central warehouses There are two private companies that recycle concrete and asphalt Composting Seasonal yard waste collection is provided to single-family homes. The City composts yard waste at the Waste Management Facility. The operation of the composting facility is provided through contract. There is a private composting facility situated outside of Red Deer near Penhold that can manage a wide variety of organic feedstocks (yard waste, clean wood chips, food waste, manures) Garbage Collection Residential garbage collection is provided by The City to all residential buildings Businesses and institutions also receive collection of garbage through The City if their garbage container is 6 cubic yards or smaller. Construction and demolition projects must hire their own waste removal service or haul it themselves to the landfill Disposal The City of Red Deer WMF is a regional landfill which accepts waste from the City of Red Deer limits, as well as surrounding communities which have established a contract to use the WMF. The surrounding communities which have agreements with the The City include the Town of Sylvan Lake, the Town of Penhold, the Town of Blackfalds and the Town of Bowden. Although no formal agreements exist between The City of Red Deer and the Towns of Innisfail, Delburne and Elnora, waste from these communities are accepted into the WMF. All garbage collected in Red Deer must be delivered to The City s Waste Management Facility where the only operational landfill in the city is located. The Waste Management Facility is owned by The City and the operation is contracted out. The landfill is a Class II landfill and began accepting waste in It has an estimated remaining lifespan of years. There are 10 landfill sites within the City of Red Deer where municipal solid waste was disposed prior to In 1972, The City of Red Deer began operating a central landfill facility located on the southern limit of the city. This landfill was closed in 2001 and is maintained and monitored by The City. Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) A HHW collection depot has been set up at the Waste Management Facility where HHW is collected free of charge from residents. Materials collected at the depot are recycled or properly disposed of. Motor oil and prescription drugs are not received at the HHW depot because there are several other collection locations for these items in the city. Financing The financing of solid waste services in Red Deer is based primarily on user fees for the type of service rendered (collection or disposal). General taxes are not used to finance these services. 7

18 sonnevera international corp. This approach to financing ensures that each service is self-sustaining and the fees charged for each service reflect the actual cost to provide that service. Additionally, this approach is user pay, requiring the generators of garbage and recycling to pay only for the services that they use and, in the case of commercial generator, for the quantity of garbage that they generate. 3.1 Disposal, Diversion and Waste Generation In 2011, 74,622 tonnes of waste from the City of Red Deer were disposed at the Red Deer Waste Management Facility landfill. This translates to a disposal rate for the City of Red Deer in 2011 of 812 kg per capita, which compares to a Canadian average of 777 kg per capita, or an Alberta average of 1,122 kg per capita (Stats Can, 2010). The breakdown in waste by source, as tracked at the Waste Management Facility, is shown in Figure 1. It is important to note that the amount of multi-family waste is estimated based on a number of assumptions, rather than direct measurement. Methods such as load audits would serve to increase the confidence associated with these assumptions. 7% 30% 63% Total commercial Total residential Total multi-family Figure 1: Origin of Red Deer waste It is unknown how much waste material is diverted from the commercial sector through recycling, as this activity occurs in the private sector, and no reporting mechanism exists with The City. However, average commercial recycling rates according to Stats Can are approximately 11% for Alberta. Assuming this average applies to Red Deer would suggest diversion of approximately 5,000 tonnes of recyclables in the commercial sector. At the same time, roughly 25,000 tonnes of materials were collected through the single-family residential garbage, recycling and organics collection programs in Figure 2 shows the relative quantity of materials collected in each stream, based on measurements. 11% 16% Recycling Garbage 73% Yard waste Figure 2: Breakdown of Residential Waste Excluding Multi-Family Buildings in

19 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Approximately 22,600 tonnes of residential solid waste are disposed at the Red Deer Waste Management Facility, which includes 16,600 tonnes collected curbside from single-family residences, with the remaining materials delivered to the Waste Management Facility by residents. This translates to a residential per-capita disposal rate of 246 kg per capita, which compares to a Canadian residential average of 259 kg per capita and an Alberta average of 273 kg per capita (Stats Can, 2010). The residential waste breakdown for the entire residential sector as a whole (including multi-family buildings), illustrated in Figure 3, displays a slightly lower waste diversion rate. The amount of waste currently being diverted from single-family homes alone (Figure 2) drops by 3% when multi-family estimates are included, showing lower rates of diversion occurring in multi-family residences, suggesting a need for enhanced programming in this sector. This conclusion was confirmed by field observations. 9% 15% Recycling Garbage 76% Yard waste Figure 3: Breakdown of Residential Waste Including Multi-Family Buildings in 2011 The amount of material diverted through the residential recycling program has increased since 2008, from approximately 4,500 tonnes to 5,500 tonnes in 2011, as seen in Figure 4. This increase of more than 20% is significantly higher than the corresponding population increase of approximately 5%, but is speculated by City staff to be largely due to better tracking and measurement. The breakdown of diverted materials is illustrated in Figure 5, the largest components of which are newspaper (2,400 tonnes) and cardboard (1,200 tonnes). It is unclear how the ultimate residuals rate associated with recycling is factored into these volumes, although this is an important practice to consider. 6,000 5,000 4,000 tonnes 3,000 2,000 1, Figure 4: Historical Residential Recyclables Collection 9

20 sonnevera international corp tonnes Figure 5: Breakdown of Residential Recyclables Collected Figure 6 shows the relative contribution of recyclables from the residential blue box program, multi-family collection program, and drop-off depots. As shown, the blue box program contributes over 80% of the total residential recyclables collected. 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Blue box Multi-family Depots Figure 6: Residential Recyclables Collection Mechanism It is important to note that a portion of the material collected at the drop-off depots originates in the commercial sector. The relative use of the drop-off depots by businesses is currently unknown, but could be estimated through on-site interviews of users. This type of research would also identify potential use by participants from outside Red Deer. 10

21 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer 3.2 Environmental Benefits of Diversion The environmental benefits associated with diversion of residential recyclables in Red Deer include greenhouse gas emission reductions of almost 12,000 tonnes of CO 2 equivalent. This represents the following equivalencies: Using the USEPA s Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator ( this is the equivalent of the emissions from 2,350 passenger vehicles for one year, or almost 28,000 barrels of oil, 158 tanker trucks of gasoline, the energy use of over 1000 homes for a year, or the carbon sequestered by more than 300,000 tree seedlings over 10 years. These equivalencies are useful in communicating program benefits to the public. In 2010, according to The City of Red Deer Corporate GHG Inventory, landfill emissions account for the largest part of Red Deer s GHG inventory, representing 48% of The City s total emissions of 137,000 tonnes of eco 2. The inventory also suggests a reduction target of 30% GHG emission reduction by 2020 and 50% reduction by Recycling GHG offsets are not factored into the GHG inventory, since the offsets occur in a remote location, and cannot be attributed directly to The City of Red Deer activities (The City is only responsible for collection of materials, not recycling). However it is interesting to note that the offsets associated with the current program are approximately 9% of the total corporate GHG inventory. Tracking environmental benefits associated with diversion programs is an important element in achieving Council s objective of creating measurable environmental benefits. 3.3 Composition of Residential Waste Disposed Figure 7 shows the estimated weight-based composition of the residential waste currently going to disposal. Summer and winter residential waste composition studies were conducted in August 2007 and December 2007, respectively. The results from both studies were compiled and average values were established. The studies show that organic waste constitutes the majority of the residential waste at approximately 37%, with paper products accounting for 20%, and plastics making up 12% of the waste. 11

22 sonnevera international corp. Figure 7: Estimated Composition of Residential Waste Disposed 3.4 Stakeholder Input In developing the WMMP, opinions about the current solid waste system and ideas for the future were sought from stakeholders. Meetings were held with City staff and organizations like the Environmental Advisory Committee, Downtown Business Association, the Red Deer Home Builders Association, Red Deer Construction Association and ReThink Red Deer. Businesses and institutions were interviewed in person and additional input was gathered though a Chamber of Commerce online survey. The City of Red Deer s Customer Satisfaction Surveys also provided information on which areas to target for improvement. This section summarizes the stakeholder input. This input aided in the assessment and selection of options for Red Deer s future waste management system Customer Survey Highlights The City of Red Deer contracts annual telephone surveys of randomly selected households to determine public opinion on The City s environmental services. This information provides significant insight into the opportunities to improve performance and/or participation levels. The key findings of the survey over the past two years that relate to the development of the Waste Management Master Plan are summarized as follows: 12

23 Successes (2010) Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer 96%satisfaction level with the Garbage collection, Blue Box Recycling, and Yard Waste Services 95% reported usage of Blue Box Recycling Reported usage of Yard Waste Services of 79%. The top reasons for not using this service were little or no yard waste, yard service / landlord removes it and take it to Waste Management Facility ourselves indicating a high overall level of residents participating in yard waste diversion Opportunities for Improvement (2010) The top reason for not being very satisfied with Blue Box Recycling is limitation on material accepted. The percentage of respondents citing this reason has been increasing over the past several years 51% of respondents support a reduction in the five garbage container limit. This is the highest level of support received in the past ten years. 64.3% of these supporters feel the limit could be reduced to three containers. The majority of households interviewed (80%) use the five-container limit for garbage less than five times per year. Over one-third of respondents (39%) indicated they never use the five-container limit One of the top reasons that customers are not very satisfied with the recycling program is that they feel that the box is not big enough or durable enough. Half of respondents indicated the Cityissued Blue Box is big enough for their family s needs, suggesting that the other half feel that it does not meet their needs 20% of Blue Box users indicated that they throw away Blue Box items. Metals (tin cans, etc.) are the most frequently mentioned item thrown out (43%) Some reasons provided for disposing acceptable Blue Box items included: too difficult to clean, items contaminated by food, and Blue Box too full Half of respondents (51%) indicated that they were aware of the Kick it to the Curb program and only 10% of respondents who knew about it participated in the Kick It to the Curb program However, 72% of respondents indicated they would be very likely or somewhat likely to participate in the Kick it to the Curb program if it were to be held again Of Interest (2010) 61% of respondents would be very likely (33%) or somewhat likely (28%) to use a year round service to collect kitchen food waste (organics) at the curb to be made into compost 15% of respondents indicate that they use the Recycling Drop-off Depot at the Cannery Row Bingo location 72% of households reported using the landfill site in the past year Successes (2011) The vast majority of respondents (97%) provided a satisfied rating with garbage collection services 96% of respondents use the Blue Box recycling program and 95% are satisfied with the program 81% of respondents use the yard waste service. As with the 2010 survey, those that don t participate indicate that they use methods other than garbage disposal to manage their yard waste. Satisfaction level with the yard waste program is 98% A significant increase was seen in 2011 in regards to awareness of the Kick it to the Curb program (81%, versus 51.1% in 2010) and participation in the program (18%, versus 10% in 2010). 78% of respondents indicated that they were very or somewhat likely to participate in future Kick it to the Curb events 13

24 sonnevera international corp. Opportunities for Improvement (2011) 17% of respondents report putting some recyclables in the garbage 23% of residents backyard compost Over half (53%) of respondents would support a change to lower the five garbage container limit (an increase from 51% in 2010 and 48% in 2009). Of those supporting this change, 57% would support a limit of 3 units (a significant decrease from 64% in2010), 23% support 2 units (a significant increase from 7% in 2010) and 20% would support 4 units (a significant decrease from 27% in 2010) Of Interest (2011) Over half (57%) of respondents stated they were likely to use a kitchen food waste collection program. The level of interest in this service has been decreasing slightly over the last two survey periods (61% in 2010 and 65% in 2009) 72% of respondents use the waste management facility Feedback from the ICI Sector Interviews with businesses throughout the city and the on-line survey provided the following insights regarding waste management in the ICI sector: There are no substantial concerns or issues with the garbage collection system The level of recycling is highly variable from business to business Cost of recycling collection services was mentioned as a barrier to participation for some businesses There is a lack of knowledge of the diversion services available in Red Deer Many businesses that recycle have a staff person that champions recycling and may be involved in bringing the recyclables to a depot or to their home Various businesses expressed the desire to have a type of blue box program, in which a recycling bin would be available for multiple materials such cardboard, plastics and tin (Note: such as service is currently available through private collection companies in Red Deer) Some businesses are interested in organic waste recycling, provided the potential issues of odour and pest control are dealt with and regular collection is available Additional information on current practices in Red Deer s ICI sector, and feedback from this sector, including online survey results, are outlined in Appendix D Feedback from the Construction and Demolition (C&D) Sector Stakeholder consultations were conducted with the Red Deer Home Builders Association and the Red Deer Construction Association. Representatives from various sectors of the industry attended, including association members (builders), developers, trades contractors, a City of Red Deer official from the Inspections and Licensing Department, as well as the government relations manager for the Canadian Home Builders Association. Discussions revealed that most small home builders (those constructing <100 homes per year) as well as trades people/subcontractors, generally self-haul waste and recycling. Larger operators with higher waste volumes will contract out waste removal to private collection companies. Industry representatives indicated that they were supportive of changing the landfill cost structure to provide an incentive for recycling over landfilling as well as implementing surcharges or disposal bans on loads containing recyclable materials. Generally, the C&D industry felt that incentives were preferable to regulation. 14

25 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer The attendees demonstrated interest in reducing the amount of construction and demolition waste currently being landfilled in Red Deer, however stressed that the infrastructure to do so needs to exist first (for example a regional C&D materials recycling facility). Source separating recyclable materials on the job site(s) is limited by high bin rental/removal costs for small volumes produced by individual contractors, as well as space restrictions and potential for unauthorized use of bins. Suggestions for how The City could support more C&D waste recycling included: Provide well-labeled waste and recycling bins in centralized areas of active development Educating workers and properly labeling bins, Consider having staff at these sites to enhance proper participation and to minimize illegal dumping Assist and promote communication between stakeholders (City staff, contractors, waste management companies) Industry representatives were not enthusiastic about award programs, because the potential effectiveness was viewed as being quite low. Options involving paperwork (such as construction project waste management plans and deposit/refund schemes) were not well received because such approaches were perceived as being administratively burdensome with limited benefits. Deconstructing buildings as opposed to simply demolishing was also deemed cost ineffective due to the time requirements and associated labour costs. In summary, the industry is positive about recycling, but doing so needs to be seen as cost-effective. 15

26 sonnevera international corp. 4 Diversion Potential Figure 8 shows the average breakdown of the waste stream by sectors in Alberta. Figure 8: Sources of Waste Materials Generated in Alberta (Alberta Environment, 2006) As can be seen in Figure 8, industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) waste constitutes the majority of waste materials generated in Alberta, with residential waste making up a third of the overall solid waste stream. 7% 30% 63% Total commercial Total residential Total multi-family Figure 9: City of Red Deer Waste Sources This compares to Figure 9 which shows the estimated breakdown of Red Deer waste as reported at the Waste Management Facility. As shown, the relative sources are quite similar. As shown, the residential waste stream makes up only about a third of the overall municipal solid waste stream, with ICI and C&D making up the additional two-thirds. Figure 7, shown earlier in this report, provides the composition of the residential waste stream based on waste audits conducted in Red Deer. 16

27 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer The largest components of the residential waste stream are organic waste (37%), paper products (20%), and plastics (12%). These waste composition values were applied to Red Deer s total residential curbside waste collection (16,500 tonnes) to produce theoretical potential additional diversion values for various components of the waste stream, as shown in Table 2, along with actual diversion for each category. It is important to note that these diversion potential estimates assume all material is recyclable, when in actuality portions of the material will not be acceptable, even in an expanded program. This reality is considered in actual strategy elements. For this assessment, it was also assumed that newspaper represents 50% of the paper category. Table 2: Estimated City of Red Deer Residential Diversion Potential Current Diversion 2010 (tonnes) Additional Diversion Potential (tonnes/year) ONP* Other Paper** Glass Metal Plastic Yard Waste Food Waste Total 12,050 *ONP Old Newspaper **Other Paper includes cardboard Table 2 also clearly shows that the highest potential diversion within the residential sector lies with organics. There is no detailed waste composition information available for Red Deer s commercial waste stream, so provincial commercial waste analysis information has been applied. 17

28 sonnevera international corp. Figure 10: Composition of ICI Waste (Alberta Environment, 2006) Figure 10 shows the provincial average composition of ICI waste for Alberta. As shown, the largest constituent is paper, of which the largest component is cardboard. These waste composition values were applied to Red Deer s total estimated commercial waste generation (46,500 tonnes) to produce theoretical potential diversion values for the commercial sector, as shown in Table 3. Table 3: Estimated City of Red Deer Commercial Diversion Potential Current Diversion 2010 (tonnes) Additional Diversion Potential (tonnes/year) Cardboard unknown 12,500 Other paper unknown 12,500 Food waste Total 32,000 It should also be noted that food waste is concentrated in certain portions of the ICI sector, specifically restaurants and grocery stores. Therefore, diversion of this material can be approached through a targeted program directed at these businesses. With aggressive waste reduction and recycling programs, over 50% diversion in the ICI sector should be readily achievable. Red Deer has a distinct advantage in that it supplies waste collection services to the commercial sector, and therefore has greater influence over potential diversion initiatives in this sector. 18

29 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer 5 Waste Management Strategy 5.1 Waste Reduction, Diversion and Residuals Management Elements The following strategy elements, outlined in Table 4, for enhanced programs and increased diversion have been identified for The City of Red Deer, based on needs and opportunities identified, research into best practices, and initial feedback from stakeholders. Detailed information has been compiled on these initiatives that may be considered by The City for future program development, and is outlined in the Appendices. In particular, case study examples of programming options have been developed to provide guidance on planning and implementation of potential options. These examples for options listed in Table 4 are presented in Appendix E through Appendix I. For comparative purposes, summary information on programs in other municipalities, both in and outside of Alberta, is also included in Appendix J and Appendix K. Table 4: Waste Management Strategy Elements Option Type Option Appendix Education / Promotion Overall Approaches Residential Waste Reduction/ Diversion Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Waste Reduction Infrastructure Enhancements Government leadership Community engagement Community-based social marketing Branding Social Media Public spaces recycling Zero waste public events Backyard composting Grasscycling and xeriscaping Expanded residential organics collection Bi-weekly garbage collection Enhanced curbside recycling User-pay / volume limitations Enhanced multi-family programming Waste diversion assistance ICI recognition ICI food waste diversion Enhanced ICI recycling collection Expanded C&D diversion opportunities Automated cart-based residential collection Organics processing facility Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Regulatory Options Differential tipping fees Appendix I Disposal bans Residential mandatory recycling / source separation ICI mandatory recycling / source separation 19

30 sonnevera international corp. Option Type Option Appendix Residuals Management Monitoring and Reporting Site development Airspace consumption Operational considerations Appendix L The diversion potential associated with each potential option is highly variable, depending on a number of factors, including effectiveness of the communications / education campaign used to promote the program. For example, focused community-based social marketing has the potential to improve the performance of diversion programs markedly. A description of each option and the resources required follows Education / Promotion Overall Approaches Government Leadership It is very important for The City to lead by example by establishing progressive waste reduction policies and programs. Providing waste minimization leadership shows commitment to Red Deer s citizens, acts as a model for local businesses and institutions, and supports Council s vision of being a recognized leader amongst communities in Alberta and across Canada. This type of initiative is also very likely to be supported by Red Deer residents and businesses, as evidenced in the results of the WMMP public consultation survey, that showed 86% of residential respondents and 93% of commercial respondents agreed that Red Deer should become a leader in sustainable waste management. A leadership role would include green procurement policies that support waste minimization and aggressive waste minimization programs in all municipal operations. The City of Markham is a good example of a waste diversion leader; they have implemented the following initiatives within their municipal operations: Removed all garbage containers from staff work stations and offices (went from 500 containers to 45) Provided a small blue box at each desk Staff was instructed to empty as needed into larger centralized recycling container Introduced centralized organics containers Internal material bans from garbage Zero Waste Food and Catering Services and Events Policy Local Food Plus Procurement Practices Zero Waste Food and Catering Services and Events Policy A leadership role would include green procurement policies that support waste minimization and aggressive waste minimization programs in all municipal operations. The City of Toronto implemented an internal waste diversion program that is recycling 85% of the waste generated in 17 buildings. The City of Richmond, BC has an environmental purchasing policy and guide, which includes an environmental purchasing checklist for suppliers to complete. Other examples of municipalities who have successfully adopted a leadership role in this manner are described in Appendix E. 20

31 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Figure 11: City of Toronto Workstation Waste Containers Figure 12: Richmond s Environmental Purchasing Guide Figure 13: Centralized Waste Station in City of Markham Recommendations The City of Red Deer currently has a corporate procurement policy that includes the following statement: The City is committed to reducing its environmental impact and will therefore: avoid goods and/or services that adversely affect the air, water or terrestrial environments; give preference to environmentally friendly goods and/or services when quality and service is equal or better and price is equal to or lower than other less environmentally friendly goods and/or services; promote goods and services that make lesser demands on unsustainable resources. This statement is a good start to establishing a progressive green procurement policy that could drive green purchasing within City operations if it was actively promoted and monitored for compliance. The current policy for purchasing of goods should be reviewed with the intention of encouraging suppliers of goods to address recycled content and recyclability of their product and the potential reuse of shipping containers and packaging as part of their quote. The purchasing policy for services, including construction services, should require contractors to identify how they will reduce, reuse or recycle waste materials in their operations/project. Similarly, internal diversion programs currently exist in most City operations; however, these programs could be greatly enhanced through efforts to provide continuity and increased monitoring and performance assessment. Internal diversion initiatives should also provide for maximum diversion through aggressive design. Design recommendations include: the replacement of standard desk-side garbage bins with recycling containers and mini-waste baskets, such as the ones used by the City of Toronto; the prominent placement of centralized recycling bins with clear, consistent signage like the ones used by the City of Markham, and the development and implementation of an on-going communications campaign. It is recommended that an internal staff person be dedicated to coordinating The City s internal diversion programs. It is anticipated that an internal working group comprised of City departments/operations will be required to assist the coordinator in establishing the appropriate services levels for all of The City s services and buildings and to confirm equipment needs (deskside containers, centralized containers, signage), and to act as a feedback mechanism to the coordinator for subsequent program refinements. 21

32 sonnevera international corp. The City s Green Team, as well as Environmental Initiatives, could play a primary role in promoting these leadership initiatives Resources Required and Diversion Potential The resources required for this program will be dependent on how broadly The City undertakes the initiatives outlined. For the purposes of budgeting, it has been assumed that the waste diversion program would apply to 500 employees with desks. Although there are capital and operating costs associated with this initiative, the reduction in waste disposal needs may reduce other operational costs. The diversion potential for the leadership initiative is unknown but is not expected to be significant on a system-wide basis; however, it may be significant from a municipal operations perspective. Leadership Initiative Capital $ Operating $ FTE Green Procurement Policy $0 $0 0.5 for first two Internal Waste Diversion Program Desk-side bins ($8 ea) Communications materials $9,000 $2,000 years 0.1 on an ongoing basis Community Engagement Red Deer has the opportunity to use community engagement to build overall community awareness, support and participation in diversion initiatives. Community engagement techniques involve citizen action and involvement in addressing an issue, and ultimately changing norms at the community level. Tools for community engagement include: Capitalizing on existing community engagement activities Community Based Social Marketing Branding Social Media Capitalizing on Existing Community Engagement Activities Capitalizing on existing community engagement activities would take advantage of the networks and momentum of local community organizations like ReThink Red Deer, Red Deer River Naturalists, Chamber of Commerce and the Downtown Business Association. For example, embracing and building upon ReThink Red Deer s Garbage-Free February would leverage an existing program directed at reducing waste and capitalize on ReThink Red Deer s momentum. Another example is the Annual Pumpkin Smash held by the Greater Victoria Compost Education Centre (GVCEC), a non-profit organization in Victoria, BC. This event is conducted in partnership with the local government, a local recycling business and a local grocery chain. GVCEC organizes an annual post- Halloween pumpkin collection and smash community event. It is intended to engage citizens on the issue of organic waste and composting in a fun, family setting, as well as to divert pumpkin waste. The annual invitation to Do the Pumpkin Smash is widely advertised and supported through a range of communitybased outreach networks. Collection points are provided in various locations on one weekend after Halloween. Over 13 tonnes of pumpkin waste was collected for composting in Other community engagement examples are provided in Appendix E. Although taking advantage of the capacities of existing organizations can reduce The City s cost outlay for education programs, capitalizing on existing community engagement activities will require staff time to facilitate engagement and utilize existing networks. Internal expertise already exists within Environmental 22

33 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Initiatives, and previous successes including the Environmental Master Plan process offer potential models Community-Based Social Marketing Community-based social marketing is an approach to program education and promotions that encourages high rates of effective participation and long-term behavior change. Proven social marketing techniques are incorporated into program education/promotion activities to effectively change behaviors. The community-based social marketing process centres on uncovering barriers that inhibit individuals from engaging in sustainable behaviours, identifying tools that have been effective in fostering and maintaining behaviour change, then piloting takes place on a small portion of the community followed by ongoing evaluation once the program has been implemented community-wide. The following information is from Doug McKenzie-Mohr and William Smith s Fostering Sustainable Behaviour: An Introduction to Community-Based Social Marketing (1999). Uncovering barriers involves three steps: 1) Literature review (e.g., articles, reports, websites and databases) Assists with identifying issues to be explored further with residents. 2) Focus groups A focus group consists of six to eight residents who have been randomly selected and are paid to discuss issues that the literature review has identified as important. Focus groups are an essential step in enhancing the understanding of how community residents view the behavior to be promoted. 3) Phone survey A phone survey allows for the views of a randomly selected larger group of residents. Focus groups ensure that a more comprehensive survey is constructed and that questions contained in the survey will be readily understood by respondents. Behaviour change centres on five tools that help overcome barriers: 1) Commitment From good intentions to action. For instance, when distributing compost units, ask when the resident expects to begin to use the unit and inquire if someone can call shortly afterward to see if they are having any difficulties or ask households who have just been delivered a compost unit to place a sticker on the side of their recycling container indicating that they compost. 2) Prompts Remembering to act sustainably. For example, distribute grocery list pads that remind shoppers every time they look at their grocery list to shop for products that have recycled content, are recyclable or have less packaging. One can also place signs at the entrances to supermarkets reminding shoppers to bring their reusable shopping bags into the store and/or distribute car window stickers with the purchase of reusable shopping bags; the stickers can be placed on the window next to the car lock to remind people to bring their reusable bags into the store. 3) Norms Building community support. For instance, affix a decal to the recycling container indicating that "We Compost" or affix a decal to the recycling container indicating that the household buys recycled products. 4) Communication Creating effective messages. Several techniques can be used and are not limited to the following: Ensure that the message is vivid, personal and concrete Have the message delivered by an individual or organization who is credible with the audience Make communications easy for residents to remember what to do and how and when to do it 23

34 sonnevera international corp. When possible, use personal contact to deliver the message Provide feedback to both the individual and community levels about the impact of sustainable behaviours 5) Incentives Enhancing motivation to act. For instance, invoke user fees to increase motivation to recycle, compost and source reduce or attach a sizable deposit on household hazardous waste to provide the motivation necessary for individuals to take leftover products to a depot for proper disposal. The above tools are powerful but they can be ineffective if significant external barriers exist. If the behavior is inconvenient, unpleasant, costly or time-consuming, no matter how well internal barriers are addressed the community-based social marketing strategy will be unsuccessful. Removing or minimizing external barriers is imperative. As an example: A common barrier to backyard composting is It is too inconvenient to obtain a compost unit. The City of Waterloo decided to deliver compost units door-to-door. In that pilot project, a door hanger was distributed to 300 homes informing residents that they had been selected to receive a free composting unit. Of the 300 homes, 253 (or 84%) agreed to accept compost units. In a follow-up survey, 77% of these households were found to be using their compost units. The City s Composting at Home program is another excellent example of community-based social marketing. For other community-based social marketing examples see Appendix E. The effectiveness of individual programming options is highly dependent upon identifying successful social marketing techniques. However, the diversion results from the program option itself, rather than from social marketing. This technique should be included as part of the overall design of any program that requires behaviour change. Incorporation of this approach will require staff to have expertise in the principles of community-based social marketing, and therefore, staff training in community-based social marketing methods is required. The resulting increased effectiveness of programs is anticipated to more than compensate for this investment Branding A key piece of effective messaging in waste diversion programs is branding. Ideally, an educational campaign should include an overall brand and look that provides continuity to the entire program, while also being consistent with the community culture. Figure 14: City of Red Deer logo 24

35 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Figure 15: Green Deer branding For example, linking the look and feel of Red Deer s overall branding (as shown in its logo) to messaging for the waste reduction / diversion program would provide identity and continuity. The Green Deer campaign also offers an opportunity for building on existing branding through its slogan Leave it better than you found it, as well as its branding (see Figure 15) that was developed in Clarity and consistency of signage is also critical to its effectiveness. Effective recycling signage combines clear language with visuals. Words are not adequate inclusion of photos is critical to effectively convey the message of what materials are acceptable or unacceptable. Examples of effective signage are shown below, with additional examples provided in Appendix E. Figure 16: Effective signage combining clear words with photos (Source: Town of Banff) 25

36 sonnevera international corp. It is also important to maintain signage and bins in good condition. Users will tend to treat infrastructure with greater respect if it is well maintained. Red Deer has seen the development of relatively consistent recycling signage for drop-off depots and multi-family collection programs that are serviced by Waste Management (see Figure 17). This signage could be improved further through more vivid visuals (including visuals of non-acceptable materials). Signage in commercial diversion programs is much less consistent, as is bin colour and design. 26 Figure 17: Single-stream recycling sign In addition to consistent signage, consistent bin design and colour is also important program branding. The accepted standard is black for garbage, blue for recyclables, and green for organics. Incorporating these standard colours into Red Deer s waste diversion program will provide clear and consistent messages regarding the relative application of different program infrastructure. It is recommended that The City work with collection contractors to develop consistency associated with signage and bin colours related to the separation of waste streams. Discussions with contractors have indicated that they are positive about working with The City on any system improvements. An initial investment in signage design and renewing public infrastructure would also be required Social Media Social media may be used as a tool to communicate and promote public awareness within waste reduction programming and waste collection services. A common application of social media within waste management are interactive websites and smart phone apps that can be used to find local waste management facilities or remind residents of collection days. For example, the City of Medicine Hat offers a free app that allows users to set up regular reminders for garbage and yard waste collection. Residents can view Medicine Hat s collection schedules and waste management information at their fingertips, anytime they want. By using the my-waste platform, Medicine Hat s app lets mobile device users view a full range of waste management information currently on the City s website and the annual Waste Management Calendar. Residents can view collection set-out information, identify materials and locations for recycling drop-off and look up landfill disposal rates.

37 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Figure 18: Medicine Hat my-waste App For other examples of the use of social media in waste management programs see Appendix E. The City s website is currently undergoing updates to provide additional information, including environmental programs. Increasing the interactive nature and user-friendliness of the website during this process would result in increased usage and effectiveness. The results of the WMMP public consultation survey gave some insight into the acceptance of this type of education tool, with the commercial sector in particular showing strong support for social media applications, along with residents under age Recommendations In order to increase community engagement related to waste diversion, the following actions are recommended: Develop a community engagement plan to promote waste reduction and diversion initiatives and leverage existing environmental networks. Continue to build internal capacity in community-based social marketing, and integrate these approaches into all program designs and implementation. Environmental Initiatives already has social marketing expertise, which could provide a foundation for an expanded community-based social marketing program. Utilize community-based social marketing for existing programs to improve participation and to address specific behaviour issues (e.g., acceptable recyclables, yard waste set-out rules). Develop a Red Deer brand that provides a consistent program look and messaging throughout City waste reduction initiatives. Initiate a cooperative design process between The City and contractors for recycling infrastructure to improve consistency in bin design, colours and signage. Enhance The City s website to provide more information related to The City s waste reduction and waste management services, and incorporating more interactive features. Consider the use of SmartPhone apps that provide interactive information to residents regarding local waste management programs and services. 27

38 sonnevera international corp Resources Required and Diversion Potential The resources required for community engagement will be dependent on the formats of community engagement selected by The City. The table below provides an initial cost and staff resource estimate. For the development of the app, it is assumed that existing software and app services already developed for this purpose (e.g., MyWaste app) will be used. Community engagement is intended to support existing waste diversion programs and services and as such there is no diversion directly associated with the activities described above. However, community engagement activities are considered essential to ensuring that investments in diversion programing are maximized and that behaviour change is sustained. Community Engagement Tools Capitalizing on existing community engagement activities Program development and execution Community Based Social Marketing Staff training Program development and implementation Capital $ Operating $ FTE $0 $5, in Year 1 $20,000 in year 1 $2,500 in subsequent years $25,000 in year 1 $2,500 in subsequent years 0.1 for subsequent years Branding $0 $0 Included in above Social Media Website enhancement and social media engagement Source and maintain app $0 $10,000 in year 1 $5,000 in subsequent years $2, Public Spaces Recycling Municipally operated public spaces such as civic centres, urban sidewalks and sports facilities are areas where recyclable waste materials, such as beverage containers and other food waste, are generated, but little diversion infrastructure often exists. The placement of collection containers for these materials not only provides a diversion option, but also offers an important public education opportunity and reinforces waste diversion habits established at home and in the workplace. Further, the visible presence of diversion containers in public spaces can make an important contribution to the impression of the city as an environmentally-conscious community and would support Council s vision of being a waste diversion leader. The City of Red Deer currently has a number of recycling bins in public spaces, including bus stops (see Figure 19) and downtown streetscapes. However, inspection of these bins showed very poor recycling participation, with most filled with general garbage. 28

39 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Figure 19: Bus stop recycling station in Red Deer The City of Markham has sought to have recycling broadly available in public spaces, including on urban sidewalks, in parks and at community mail boxes, as shown in the photographs below. For additional public spaces recycling examples, see Appendix E. Figure 20: Markham Silver Box Public Space Recycling Container Figure 21: Markham Park Recycling Container Figure 22: Markham Super Mailbox Recycling Container 29

40 sonnevera international corp Recommendations In order to improve participation, a two-stepped approach is recommended: 1. Pilot new and improved signage at existing public recycling bins. This will require the development of new signage, an assessment of current participation and contamination levels, and a monitoring program to determine the participation and contamination levels once the pilot has begun. As contamination of public recycling bins is a common problem, an advertising campaign is also recommended as part of the pilot project. This campaign will draw attention to the new signage and inform people on how to properly participate. Advertising could include bus stop and bench signage in areas where there are pilot bins, posters in civic buildings where the pilot bins can be found, and media releases. It is important to ensure that the public bins are set up to take the same types of recyclables and have the same sorting requirements as the residential recycling program. Establishing the pilot will need to be done in consultation with the department (and any associated contractor) responsible for servicing the public space waste bins. The length of the pilot should be at least one year long. 2. If the pilot is deemed to be successful, all litter bins in public spaces should be replaced with multi-stream bins, and supported by ongoing promotional activities. Future changes to the residential recycling program should be reflected in the public spaces recycling program as well Resources Required and Diversion Potential The table below outlines the anticipated resource requirements for public space recycling. The number of bins for full-scale implementation has been estimated and would need to be confirmed when full scale implementation is pursued. The direct diversion potential for public spaces recycling is minimal, being estimated at 100 tonnes per year, but the presence of public space recycling offers overall educational value through reaffirming waste diversion behaviours promoted at home, work and school. Public Space Recycling Capital $ Pilot Project Design and pilot new signage, advertising campaign Assumes no additional budget for collection or processing/disposal required Full-scale Implementation 50 litter/recycling $5,000 each $100 per year/bin for maintenance Assumes no additional budget for collection or processing/disposal required Operating $ $10,000 No additional operating costs $250,000 $5, FTE 0.1 in first year 0.05 in subsequent years Zero Waste Public Events Public events like festivals, parades and concerts can be large generators of waste. As a means to encourage reduction and recycling of event-related waste, it is recommended that The City encourage zero waste public events. Some examples of how municipalities are currently encouraging waste minimization at public events are: San Francisco requires organizers of special events to prepare and submit a recycling plan as part of getting an event permit. The City provides special event training which event planners must attend. 30

41 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Figure 23: Recycling Station at Carnival San Francisco The Bow Valley Waste Management Commission provides recycling equipment and tracking services to area events. In 2012, a 73% diversion rate for area events was achieved. The City of San Jose, California offers an Eco-Station Loan program for local events to enable access to recycling and composting collection. Eco-Stations come with corresponding colorcoded signs, lids and bags. Other examples of how municipalities are encouraging zero waste special events are provided in Appendix E Recommendations The following actions are recommended to encourage zero waste public events in Red Deer: Prepare a zero waste event guide for event organizers that provides tips on how to minimize waste at events and identifies local waste management resources and services. This guide can be incorporated into the Green Festivals Guide that is currently under development by The City of Red Deer. Require event organizers to prepare a waste management action plan including waste reduction and diversion elements as part of special events permits, using the Zero Waste Events guide as a tool. Purchase a mobile zero waste station that can be lent to or rented by event organizers. This station could be a highly visible trailer (see below) that can serve to promote Red Deer s environmental messages. Figure 24: Recycling trailer Provide well-signed, colour-coded containers for recyclables, compostables (once composting capacity is available) and garbage to events. The City currently provides bins for empty beverage containers to community events on request. City-hosted events, such as those at Bower Ponds, could be promoted as zero waste events and act as a testing ground for containers, signage and other zero waste initiatives. 31

42 sonnevera international corp Resources Required and Diversion Potential The table below outlines the anticipated resource requirements for encouraging zero waste public events. Staff time would be required to prepare guidelines and permitting requirements, and monitor compliance, as well as to coordinate the use of the recycle trailer and event collection containers. Experience in other jurisdictions indicates that zero waste events can achieve high diversion rates. It is unknown what the diversion potential is relative to the total amount of waste disposed in Red Deer, since special event waste is not tracked separately. Zero Waste Events Capital $ Operating $ Mandatory waste management action plans Zero Waste Event Guide Writing and design of guide Mobile Zero Waste Station 1 trailer with graphics/signage Annual maintenance Cost to deliver/retrieve trailer not include Costs associated with recycling, composting and disposal of materials in the trailer not included Collection Containers for Events 15 sets of 3 containers ($180 per set) Signage Recycling, composting and disposal of materials in containers are assumed to be the responsibility of the event organizer Residential Waste Reduction / Diversion Backyard Composting FTE $5,000 $0 Included in above $25,000 $1,000 Included in above $2,700 $300 $0 Included in above Over one-third of residential waste is estimated to be organic waste the single largest material component of the waste landfilled. As an on-site management option, backyard composting results in direct cost savings to the municipality through decreased amounts of material requiring collection, either as waste or organics for centralized composting. Therefore, promotion of on-site management methods is a positive action, from both an environmental, as well as budgetary aspect. Encouraging backyard composting has been recognized as one of the most cost-effective means of reducing waste and hence many municipalities have implemented backyard composting programs. The City of Red Deer launched a pilot Composting at Home program in 2012 to encourage residents to establish backyard composting as long-term habit. There are 250 homeowners registered for this pilot program, who will have their diversion practices tracked for a year. Promotion of backyard composting through initiatives like subsidized composter sales can increase this practice by residents. The City of Calgary, in partnership with Norseman Plastics and Clean Calgary, offered residents a one-day truckload backyard composter sale. On June 21, 2008, 6000 Earth Machine composters were sold at six locations throughout the city for a subsidized rate of $25 (GST included). The City continues to sell the composters online and also provides composting information on their website. For examples of successful backyard composting programs, see Appendix F. 32

43 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Recommendations The City s current backyard composting program is innovative and has the potential to encourage long-term behaviour change in favour of waste reduction. If the pilot is deemed a success, it should be continued to encourage backyard composting to become a norm for Red Deer households. Information regarding backyard composting should be posted on the website to support residents that are interested in backyard composting, but not able or interested in being a participant in the Composting At Home program. If the Composting At Home program is not continued, consideration should also be given to the provision of low-cost backyard composters to residents Resources Required and Diversion Potential For the purposes of budgeting, it was assumed that after 5 years the Composting At Home program would be reduced in scope due to backyard composting becoming a normative behaviour. The diversion potential for each backyard composter is Red Deer is estimated to be 125 kg per home per year; however, this estimate can be refined based on the results of the Composting At Home pilot. Assuming 2,000 backyard composting bins are in place as a result of the Composting At Home program, 250 tonnes of organic waste can be diverted from landfilling each year that those bins are in use. Backyard Composting Composting At Home Program Assumes that program and information material development is already complete On-line Information Regarding Backyard Composting Using currently available information provided by other municipalities or composting advocacy organizations Capital $ Operating $ $ $20,000 for years 1 to 5. $5,000 for subsequent years FTE 0.1 for years 1 to for subsequent years $0 $ 0 Included in above Grasscycling and Xeriscaping Grasscycling is the concept of leaving grass clippings on the lawn while mowing, rather than bagging them for disposal. Xeriscaping focuses on using native vegetation and minimizing turf areas, thereby eliminating the need for supplemental watering. As yard waste represents a significant portion of the residential waste stream during the growing season, an effective grasscycling / xeriscaping program can have a considerable impact on waste reduction / diversion. The actual result will depend upon the effectiveness of education efforts, as well as the presence of complementary tools, such as incentives and bans. Case studies show that an investment in education to change residential attitudes and behavior regarding grasscycling and xeriscaping can provide long-term benefits, as once a homeowner discovers that grasscycling is the easiest and most effective way to manage a lawn, they are unlikely to go back to bagging clippings. Grasscycling and xeriscaping offer not only waste reduction benefits, but also can contribute to a water conservation strategy. An aggressive social marketing campaign is needed to produce the behaviour change required to see broad adoption of grasscycling and xeriscaping practices by Red Deer residents. Red Deer currently includes some limited promotion of xeriscaping as part of its Healthy Yards, Healthy Communities initiative. An excellent example of an effective grasscycling campaign is Montgomery County, Maryland that includes: 33

44 sonnevera international corp. Requiring a $1 sticker on every container of grass set out for yard waste collection. The intent of the stickers is to remind homeowners that grasscycling is the easiest and best way to handle clippings. Linking the grasscycling campaign with its campaign for composting and leaf recycling. The campaign to encourage awareness included: paid radio and television ads public service announcements (radio and television) print ads direct mailings transit advertising publicity events movie theater ads video production (17-minute video for cable-access, libraries, and rental stores) workshops on composting and grasscycling weekly hands-on demos at 35 grasscycling demonstration lawns a school poster contest information kiosks at retailers and community events Web-based information Figure 25: Montgomery County Grasscycling Poster Figure 26: Montgomery County Grasscycling Magnet The County felt that the awareness campaign was an important investment in positive, long-term behavior modification. At the end of the campaign, the amount of grass set out at curb was reduced from 36,000 tonnes to 9,000 tonnes per year. Additional examples of grasscycling and xeriscaping programs can be found in Appendix F Recommendations A grasscycling and xeriscaping awareness campaign should also be developed for Red Deer. This campaign could be linked in with multiple existing and future environmental campaigns related to healthy yards, water conservation and backyard composting. 34

45 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Resources Required and Diversion Potential As shown in the table below, an initial investment in developing the awareness campaign is required. It is assumed that Red Deer would be able to access and use information materials and designs already developed by other municipalities. As this awareness campaign is anticipated to be linked with other related environmental messaging, the amount budgeted for ongoing operation of the campaign is minimal. It is also assumed that this campaign would be undertaken by staff already engaged in environmental messaging, so no additional staff resources are allocated in the table below. The additional diversion associated with this campaign is assumed to be similar to that of backyard composting, at 250 tonnes per year. Grasscycling and Xeriscaping Capital $ Operating $ FTE Awareness Campaign Assumes that program and information material development is already complete $2,000 for year 1 $500 for subsequent years 0 (included in staff time allocated to Composting At Home program) Expanded Residential Organics Collection As noted previously, organic wastes represent the largest portion of Red Deer s residential waste stream. Therefore, there are significant opportunities to increase waste diversion through the implementation of an expanded composting collection program. Homes in Red Deer currently receive a weekly yard waste collection service from the second Monday in April until the second Friday in November. An estimated 2500 tonnes of yard waste are collected annually through the yard waste collection program. Yard waste can also be dropped off at the waste management centre. The collected yard waste is composted at the Waste Management Facility. The existing curbside yard waste collection program could be expanded to encompass a wider range of organic materials, including food waste and non-recyclable paper wastes (e.g., tissues, paper towels). Automated carts are considered to be the best choice for full organics collection due to the considerable weight of material that can result in worker injury concerns. An example of an automated curbside organics collection cart is shown in Figure 27. Utilization of this style of bin would require contractors to have a compatible collection vehicle. Figure 27: Curbside organics collection bin 35

46 sonnevera international corp. An expansion of the residential organics program to include food waste would require access to a composting facility capable of processing this material. This facility could be established by The City at the Waste Management Facility or alternate location, or provided through contract by the private sector. 36 Figure 28: Food waste collection bin and kitchen catcher Alternately, if The City desires to retain separate collection and processing of yard waste at its Waste Management Facility, a separate collection program and processing facility could be established for food waste. Programs that collect yard waste and food waste separately are common in Ontario, and utilize a smaller green bin that is collected on a weekly basis year-round (Figure 28). Public feedback to the concept of collecting expanded organics in carts was very positive, with 85% of respondents to the WMMP public consultation survey agreeing it is important to divert residential organics through composting. For examples of curbside organics collection programs see Appendix F Recommendations Due to the scale and capital costs associated with this program, a year-long pilot project is recommended. The pilot would allow The City to test the two organics collection models: combined yard and food waste, and separate yard waste and food waste collection over a four-season time frame. The pilot will require identification of a location to compost the food waste. Composting options include incorporating the materials into the yard waste composting operation at the Waste Management Facility or to contract with a private operator such as Stickland Farms. The pilot will assist in determining public receptivity to the food waste collection models and establish program metrics that can be used to design a full-scale program. Full-scale implementation will require the identification or construction of processing capacity to manage the anticipated volume of organic waste Resources Required and Diversion Potential Automated collection carts cost in the order of $60 each when purchased in volume, while kitchen catchers cost in the order of $5 each. The smaller food waste bins cost approximately $25, depending on make and style. The City could purchase carts for all households in the city, or provision of carts could be included in collection service contracts. Regardless, the addition of food waste collection will translate into additional costs that will need to be passed onto individual households through utility charges. To reduce the financial impact of adding food waste collection to curbside programs, many communities have opted for the following collection protocol which does not require any additional truck passes: Week 1: collect organics and garbage Week 2: collect organics and recycling

47 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Organics processing costs vary considerably, depending on technology and provider chosen. If The City chooses to develop its own expanded organics facility, a significant capital investment would be required, as well as ongoing staffing and equipment costs. If organics processing were contracted out, a per-tonne fee would be charged. For the purposes of budgeting, a $30 per tonne tipping fee has been applied to the costs shown in the table below. This tipping fee assumes a low-tech approach to composting, such as windrowing, is used. Based on waste composition data and the quantity of residential waste currently disposed, an estimated 2,500 to 3,500 tonnes of waste that is currently landfilled can be diverted to composting. Expanded Organics Collection Pilot Project 2000 homes Kitchen catcher and small food waste cart to 1000 $38 each Kitchen catcher and larger organic waste cart to 1000 $73 each Collection ($120/yr/home) x 2000 homes $30/tonne x 180 tonnes Full Scale Implementation 26,000 homes Budget assumes a kitchen catcher and larger organic waste cart is provided to all homes (25,000 $73 each) Increase over current collection cost is estimated to be $24/yr (based on experience in other jurisdictions) Assumes $30/t tipping fee Avoided landfill costs (-$60/t x 2,500 t) Capital $ $38,000 $73,000 Operating $ $240,000 $5,400 FTE 0.25 (for one year) $1,825,000 $549, (for two years) Biweekly Garbage Collection Biweekly garbage collection can serve as a reminder of the importance of diversion, but is designed to take advantage of waste diversion generated by curbside recycling and organics collection, rather than to produce diversion itself. That being said, the focus that biweekly collection puts on alternatives can certainly have an impact in terms of participation in reduction / diversion programs. Although there are also cart-based programs that have garbage one week and recyclables the next, biweekly garbage collection works best when combined with curbside organics collection (weekly or biweekly). For example, the City of Nanaimo, BC introduced bi-weekly garbage collection (with a one-can limit) when they added their food waste collection program Recommendation When curbside collection of organics is implemented, the weekly collection of garbage is arguably unnecessary since the putrescible portion of the garbage has been removed. At this point, consider reducing garbage collection to biweekly, alternating with collection of organics and/or recyclables. This reinforces the emphasis on waste diversion, while also offering cost savings that can be used to offset increased costs for enhanced diversion programming. 37

48 sonnevera international corp Resources Required and Diversion Estimate Rather than requiring additional budget, biweekly garbage collection offers potential program cost savings. These savings can then be utilized to offset the costs of enhancing curbside service to include a wider range of organics. Any staff resources required to implement biweekly garbage collection are assumed to be accounted by staff resources allocated The primary benefits of biweekly collection relate to reduction in fuel consumed and trucks and labour required. The anticipated reduction in operating costs related to providing biweekly collection is estimated at 40% of the fixed collection cost, based on the assumption that approximately 80% of the cost of standard curbside is represented by collection, and biweekly collection reduces this cost in half. Administration and landfill fees would remain constant and fixed. There is no additional diversion directly associated with this recommendation Expanded Plastics Recycling Previous Customer Surveys identified the acceptance of a limited variety of plastics as an issue with residents. This was confirmed in the WMMP public consultation survey, where 94% supported expanding plastics recycling, and 82% agreed with facilitating expanded collection through replacing blue boxes with larger blue carts. In addition, observations and reports suggest that many homes are currently including a wider range of plastics in their blue boxes, either as a result of lack of understanding, or simply the desire to recycle materials beyond those officially accepted in the program. As some residents are not clear on what plastics to include in their blue box, and there is demand to recycle a broader range of plastics, a move to expand the current range of plastics accepted in the blue box program would be welcomed by the citizens of Red Deer and increase residential diversion rates. Container plastics and film are categories that are easy to communicate to residents, and generally have available markets, and therefore would be a logical expansion to the current program. However, successful implementation of expanded plastics collection will require negotiations with Waste Management to ensure the MRF is capable of handling all plastics, while still separating high value materials. A shown previously in Figure 5, audits at the MRF show that the relative volume of plastics is low compared to other materials, suggesting that the opportunity for increased plastics diversion exists Recommendation Confirm that Waste Management s MRF is capable of handling all plastics, while still separating high value materials. If negotiations regarding the MRF s capabilities and costs are satisfactory, expand the range of plastics accepted in the blue box to all mixed container plastics. The inclusion of film plastics (e.g., grocery bags) should also be considered, if Waste Management is able to process and market this material Resources Required and Diversion Potential Discussions with the contractor would be required to determine the cost impact, if any, to formally expand the range of plastics accepted in the residential recycling program. Alternatively, pricing for this expansion could be included in the next collection and processing contracts. The cost for adding more plastics to the program will ultimately be influenced by the plastic market and the length of the processing contract. For the purposes of budgeting, the current processing cost of $60 per tonne has been used. Based on waste audit information, there is just under 2,000 tonnes of plastic waste from the residential sector landfilled annually. Not all of this material is readily recyclable, so expanding the range of plastics to include all rigid plastic containers is anticipated to result in a diversion of 500 tonnes or more annually assuming that there is an associated promotion and education program. 38

49 Expanded Plastics Collection Processing 500 tonnes (in Year $60/tonne Tonnage is expected to increase to 1,000 tonnes over 2-3 yrs Capital $ Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Operating $ FTE $30, (for one year) 0 in subsequent years Promotion and Education $10,000 Included in community engagement budget User-Pay / Volume Limitations The City of Red Deer s current volume limitation is a 5-bag limit. Observations indicate that the actual average units set out in Red Deer is approximately 2 bags, based on set-out surveys. Therefore, the bag limit is not likely resulting in any significant decrease in garbage volumes. To become meaningful, and potentially drive increased diversion to recycling and composting options, the unit limit would need to be reduced to two bags or less. This would need to be implemented in conjunction with a focused social marketing campaign to increase acceptance and capitalize on diversion alternatives. Ideally, such a change would be introduced at the same time as a new diversion opportunity such as expanding the range of plastics in the recycling program or introducing food waste collection. Over half (53%) of respondents to The City s 2011 customer satisfaction survey would support a change to lower the five garbage container limit (an increase from 51% in 2010 and 48% in 2009). Of those supporting this change, 57% would support a limit of 3 units (a significant decrease from 64% in2010), 23% support 2 units (a significant increase from 7% in 2010) and 20% would support 4 units (as compared to 27% in 2010). This was confirmed in the WMMP public consultation survey, where 77% agreed with reducing the bag limit. As is currently the case, residents could purchase tags for any containers of garbage beyond the limit. An alternate approach would be to transition to automated garbage collection using a cart-based system. This system can be set up on a subscription basis, where a choice of cart sizes is chosen by the householder, with corresponding variable rates (see Figure 29). This concept was also fielded in the WMMP public consultation survey, where 62% of residents agreed with their service charges being proportional to the size of garbage cart they select. The calculation of the variable rates must be done very carefully to provide the desired incentive for waste diversion, while still covering fixed costs associated with collection, which comprise the majority of the system costs. Figure 29: Variable subscription garbage carts 39

50 sonnevera international corp. In Airdrie, residents have a weekly two garbage unit limit. Garbage stickers for additional units are purchased for $3.00/sticker. One garbage sticker per unit is needed up to a maximum of five units per household. Other examples of programs incorporating user-pay and volume limits can be found in Appendix F Recommendations The previous two solid waste management plans have recommended reducing the 5-container limit as a means of encouraging greater participation in waste diversion programs. Many Canadian programs that offer recycling and yard waste collection have container limits of 3 or less. Some programs that offer recycling and expanded organics collection have a one container every other week limit. Until a variable rate cart-based system is established in Red Deer, a progressive reduction of the container limit should be pursued. Initially, the rate can be decreased to 3 containers per week; followed by a subsequent reduction down to 2 containers. Implementation of a container reduction could be introduced at the same time as new recyclables are added to the program. This type of program change is ideal for support through a community-based marketing campaign Resources Required and Diversion Estimates Reducing the container limit does not have any capital costs and may actually reduce operating costs. However, staff time will be required for a communication campaign with contractors and residents. Decreasing the can limit is estimated to have a diversion potential of 1200 tonnes, based on diverting approximately 15% of the available close to 4000 tonnes of recyclable materials (news, other paper, glass, metal) and 3700 tonnes of yard waste currently found in residential garbage. The actual diversion achieved could be higher depending on how much the can limit is reduced and the accompanying community-based social marketing campaign. Reduce Container Limit Decrease Container Limit Promotion and education Capital $ Operating $ 0 $15,000 (year of implementation) FTE 0.1 for the year when the first reduction in the limit is introduced Enhanced Multi-family Program Encouraging waste diversion in multi-family buildings is more challenging than single-family homes due to the anonymity of the users of the recycling bins (i.e., it is difficult to target problematic behaviours to specific suites) and the lack of a direct social marketing tool like the blue box. The City of Red Deer provides recycling collection services to multi-family buildings and properties and like many multi-family programs, the recycling containers observed at multi-family properties indicated low usage and high levels of contamination. In the WMMP public consultation survey, 86% of residents agree with enhancing recycling services at multi-family residences. Many municipalities have addressed the multi-family recycling challenge by designing a promotion and education program specifically for multi-family residents. The Capital Regional District (Victoria) provides free bin decals to all collection service providers to ensure that consistent information, and hard copy and downloadable posters and brochures for building managers In 2006, they distributed reusable recycling tote bags to all buildings with a recycling program at a cost of $3 each. ( Providing containers such as these offers an ongoing prompt to remind residents of the opportunity to recycle. For additional multi-family program examples see Appendix F. 40

51 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Recommendations Figure 30: Capital Regional District Reusable Bag Using techniques successfully applied in other jurisdictions, the following actions are recommended: Work with the recycling contractor to develop a social marketing program specific to multi-family residents that includes: Offering site visits at the request of building owners and managers, Providing well-designed and attractive in-suite how to sheets for each suite and posters for centralized areas for free to buildings As a launch to the campaign, provide in-suite containers to store recyclables (one for every unit in every building) Resources Required and Diversion Potential Staff time to work with contractors to develop enhanced multi-family programming is required. Resources for independent promotional tools will also need to be considered. Capital funds will also be required to provide any necessary infrastructure, such as in-suite and in-building collection containers. Although performance is highly variable based on program elements, enhanced multi-family programming is estimated to offer an increased diversion of 1,000 tonnes at minimum. Enhanced Multi-family Program Capital $ Operating $ FTE Program Development $3/unit for year 1 $1.50 per unit on an ongoing basis $0 $30,000 (year of implementation) $15,000 (subsequent years) 0.5 for program development year 0.1 for subsequent years In suite containers $5 each (including distribution) 9,600 units $48,000 $0 Included in above 41

52 sonnevera international corp Industrial, Commercial & Institutional (ICI) Waste Reduction / Diversion Waste Diversion Assistance An estimated 63% of the waste landfilled in Red Deer is reported to be from the ICI sector. Consequently, this sector represents the largest opportunity for waste diversion. Interviews and audits conducted at local businesses indicate that there is a knowledge gap regarding the opportunities and options available to business to reduce and recycle waste. Many companies are interested in waste diversion, but lack the in-house expertise to set up cost-effective programs. The provision of a technical advisor to help organizations implement waste reduction programs would significantly enhance waste diversion in the ICI sector and would also serve to raise the profile of waste reduction among commercial operators. This program could be implemented in partnership with existing private service providers, who can play a very important role in encouraging diversion in the commercial sector. This concept received very strong support in the WMMP public consultation survey, with 96% of responding businesses supporting a program where The City would provide technical and information assistance to businesses interested in reducing waste. An excellent example of a technical assistance program is Metro Portland s (Oregon) Recycle at Work that provides free customized reduction, reuse and recycling assistance to businesses. On-site waste audits, recycling boxes, ready-to-print posters, factsheets and videos are available to interested businesses. Figure 31: Portland Recycle at Work Central Collection Box Figure 32: Portland Recycle at Work Desk-side Box Figure 33: Portland Container Recycling Poster Figure 34: Portland Mixed Paper Recycling Poster Other ICI waste diversion assistance examples can be found in Appendix G. 42

53 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Recommendation Provide technical and information assistance to businesses and institutions that want to implement waste diversion programs. This program may include: Web-based recycling directory; A waste audit service; Assisting businesses with developing a waste diversion plan; Awareness campaigns targeting specific commercial generators (e.g., retailers, restaurants, garages); Working with local business associations to provide education and outreach in the commercial sector; Developing tools and information specific to different types of businesses (office, retail, restaurant, etc.) Resources Required and Diversion Potential The table below provides a budget estimate for an ICI Waste Diversion Assistance program. Expenses are related to the development of promotion and education materials and the production of those materials. Examples of materials include: posters and desk-side containers that can be given to ICI locations upon request. The estimated labour commitment is one full-time equivalent position to coordinate the program and liaise with businesses on an ongoing basis. Based on the estimated amount of recyclable material disposed of by the ICI sector in Red Deer, there is the potential to divert 2,500 tonnes 1 by encouraging more diversion by local businesses and institutions. ICI Waste Diversion Assistance Program Capital $ Operating $ FTE Program Development and On-going Technical Support $0 $25,000 (1 st year) $15,000 (subsequent years) ICI Recognition Public acknowledgement of businesses and institutions that achieve significant waste reduction goals serves to encourage similar programs within other organizations, while also reinforcing the positive behaviours associated with these accomplishments, and helping to raise the public profile of participating businesses. This approach also received strong report from businesses participating in the WMMP public consultation survey, with 82% of those surveyed agreeing with the development of such a program. As an example of a recognition program, CalRecycle (California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery; formerly the California Integrated Waste Management Board) coordinates the Waste Reduction Awards Program (WRAP) which provides the opportunity for California businesses to gain public recognition for their outstanding efforts to reduce waste. Businesses do not compete against each other as each business is judged independently based on individual accomplishments. Successful applicants receive an award certificate from the State of California, along with a camera-ready WRAP WINNER logo and window decal. The logo can be used on products, advertising and business websites to publicize waste reduction efforts. In addition, CalRecycle publicizes WRAP winners via local and statewide press releases and are listed on the CalRecycle WRAP website. Additional ICI waste diversion promotion program examples are in Appendix G tonnes is based on an estimate that one-third of ICI waste landfilled (16,000 tonnes) is recyclable and that roughly 15% of that material (2500 tonnes) can be diverted through the diversion assistance program. 43

54 sonnevera international corp Recommendation The City should acknowledge businesses that are high performers in the areas of waste reduction and diversion through public recognition and certificate/ awards programs. A recognition program of this nature could be done in conjunction with the ICI Waste Diversion Assistance program. A recognition program should be implemented as a social marketing tool to encourage waste minimization within the ICI sector. The recognition program could be part of the ICI technical assistance service and serve to encourage businesses to implement new waste reduction measures, perhaps recognizing businesses that have completed their waste reduction action plan. A recognition program could be done in partnership with organizations such as local media and the Chamber of Commerce Resources Required and Diversion Potential Staff resources for the recognition program are incorporated into the ICI Waste Diversion Assistance program. Direct expenses associated with this program are expected to be minimal and are associated with the production of window decals and awards. This program provides support to the ICI waste diversion assistance program and disposal bans, and therefore no diversion is attributed to it. ICI Recognition Program ICI Recognition Program Program design Advertising Window decals Awards Capital $ Operating $ $0 $10,000 (1 st year) $5,000 (subsequent years) FTE Included in ICI waste diversion assistance staffing requirements ICI Food Waste Diversion Organic waste, specifically food waste, represents a significant diversion opportunity within the ICI waste stream. Currently there are no collection services for food waste serving the ICI sector in Red Deer. In the WMMP stakeholder consultation survey, 84% of businesses supported piloting a composting program in the commercial sector, including 100% of the food sector, and 88% of the retail sector. Seattle is an example of an approach to the collection of food waste that could be applicable to Red Deer. The City of Seattle offers a voluntary commercial food scraps collection program for all businesses at rates that are 32% lower than garbage rates. As a result, the food scrap collection service saves money for businesses that generate significant amounts of food waste, such as restaurants, grocery stores, bakeries, hotels, schools and flower shops. Seattle has contracted a waste hauler to provide compost collection containers and collection service. The program is part of Seattle s larger Resource Venture Program which provides free technical assistance, training and advice on how to collect food waste and compost within a business location. The program also encourages businesses to donate packaged food and food that has not been served to customers to be donated to a local food bank. Other ICI food waste collection examples can be found in Appendix G Recommendations The opportunities for diversion of food waste, particularly from restaurants and grocery stores, include the Seattle model of providing the collection service, or alternatively, The City could promote food waste collection by private sector contractors. 44

55 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer It is recommended that commercial food waste diversion be initiated through a pilot to identify specific opportunities and barriers to success that can be incorporated into a full program design. The pilot project will include the development of promotion and education materials and include the training of staff at participating businesses to ensure effective participation. The results of the pilot project would assist in determining the role that The City would play in a full-scale program. The private sector has indicated a desire to move forward with commercial organics collection, which provides an opportunity for The City to act more as a facilitator for a full-scale program, rather than being the service provider. A barrier to the setup of commercial organics collection is the need to clarify the bylaw with regards to whether organics are (or are not) part of the exemption provided to recyclables, and therefore can be captured under alternate collection programs by service providers. It is recommended that clarity be sought on this issue and the results shared with collection service providers. As with residential organics, local organics processing capacity will be required to receive materials that are collected through these programs. It is also recommended that The City provide support to ICI locations that want to implement on-site composting. This can be done through the ICI waste diversion assistance program Resources Required and Diversion Potential Introducing a pilot to demonstrate viability of commercial organics diversion will require additional staffing resources. The estimated cost to undertake the pilot and provide support to a full-scale program is provided in the following table. This budget assumes that the private collection companies move forward on commercial organics collection, allowing City resources to be minimized. However, it is anticipated that The City will provide on-going support through the previously outlined Waste Diversion Assistance role and undertaking social marketing and other related promotion and education activities targeting ICI waste generators. Assuming that effective promotion, education and regulatory measures (e.g., disposal bans) are put in place to support the implementation of ICI food waste collection, the estimated diversion potential for this program is 3500 tonnes. ICI Food Waste Diversion Pilot Project 10 participating businesses Collection bins (wheeled totes). Average of 4 bins required per site Tipping fees (@$30/t) Promotion and education materials Full Scale Implementation Promotion and education Capital $ Operating $ FTE $2,500 $14,000 Included in ICI waste diversion assistance staffing requirements $5,000 As above Enhanced ICI Recycling Collection Private recycling collection services are currently available to Red Deer s commercial sector. However, interviews with business operators suggest that the range of commercially available options is not well known or understood, and consequently, observations have shown that diversion options are underutilized. As with organics, by working with private service providers, The City can play largely a facilitation role in enhancing commercial recycling. 45

56 sonnevera international corp. However, specific sectors of the commercial sector, such as the downtown business area, have specific barriers that present challenges to effective participation in diversion programs. The development of targeted programs for these areas that may not have ready access to recycling infrastructure would serve to increase diversion. For example, introduction of a curbside-style recycling service for businesses currently receiving curbside garbage collection due to space limitations would provide additional diversion alternatives to these areas. A good example of an alternative collection system to service businesses with space limitations is an approach used by the City of Toronto. The Yellow Bag Program started in 2002 to provide Toronto s commercial customers to with better access to collection services. Generally commercial establishments of less than four floors and less than 500 square meters ground space, qualify for this program. Eligible customers place garbage in special yellow bags for pick-up. Bags are available at Toronto retail locations for $3.10 each. This covers the cost of collection and disposal of garbage. Figure 35: Toronto Yellow Bag Collection Program The City collects recyclable materials and organics from businesses at no extra cost; it is included in the $3.10 per bag garbage collection fee. Garbage, food waste and recyclables (e.g., metal, glass and plastic bottles, jars, tubs, milk/juice cartons, cardboard, office paper, magazines, newspaper, telephone books) are collected twice a week at night in high commercial areas and weekly for other commercial businesses. Organics are collected in 35 gal green carts purchased from The City for $62.15 (including tax) while it is recommended that recyclables are collected in 95 gal blue carts purchased from The City for $96.05 (including tax). Commercial recyclables are also accepted in blue boxes and clear plastic bags. It is up to the business to decide how many carts meet their collection needs. For other examples of alternate commercial recycling services, see Appendix G Recommendations In order to address specific barriers to waste diversion in the commercial sector, The City should work with service contractors and key stakeholders (like the Downtown Business Association) to design and implement alternate collection options in areas that present challenges to effective participation in diversion programs. Additionally, The City should consider offering a curbside-style recycling service, potentially on a subscription basis, for businesses currently receiving only curbside garbage collection due to space limitations. Similarly, consideration should be given to adding applicable municipal buildings (like Collicutt Centre) to the existing multi-family recycling program Resources Required and Diversion Potential City resources to develop enhanced commercial recycling collection will be minimal as the collection services is intended to be provided (and invoiced) by private sector collection companies. However, 46

57 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer facilitating the improvements to the collection system will require some staff time for working with the collection companies and local businesses in identifying and implementing alternative collection systems. A small dedicated budget for promotion and education has been included in the budget. It is difficult to estimate the diversion potential specific to this recommendation as the diversion results will depend on the collection systems implemented and the presence of support mechanisms like the waste diversion assistance program and disposal bans. Therefore, the estimated diversion potential allocated to ICI Waste Diversion Assistance is assumed to include any potential diversion associated with enhanced collection services. Enhanced ICI Recycling Collection Capital $ Operating $ FTE Promotion and education $2,500 (for first 2 years) Include in ICI waste diversion assistance staffing requirements Expanded C&D Diversion Opportunities Discussions with builders and developers have indicated that the lack of local diversion opportunities for C&D materials is the main barrier to diversion. One of the largest components of C&D waste is wood, as shown in the photo below. Expanding the pallet recycling program to include clean wood waste such as lumber off-cuts could significantly increase the diversion of C&D waste. Aggregates, including old concrete, also offer an additional diversion opportunity particularly since there are local private recycling options for these materials. Figure 36: Construction and Demolition Waste Disposed at the Waste Management Facility 47

58 sonnevera international corp Recommendations There are two recommendations associated with improving the diversion of C&D waste: Expand the pallet recycling program to include all clean (uncoated) wood waste. This recommendation may require an expansion or reconfiguration of the existing wood waste recycling area. Additionally, this program would require support through promotion and education activities, variable tipping fees (lower fees on source-separated clean wood waste) or disposal bans. Assess the potential benefits of adding aggregate diversion opportunities at the Waste Management Facility Resources Required and Diversion Potential It is assumed that some capital will be required to establish additional storage and processing areas at the Waste Management Facility and that 0.25 of an FTE will be required for one year to establish this program and promote it within the C&D industry. For the aggregate diversion assessment, it was assumed that this would be contracted out to reduce the burden on staff. The estimated diversion potential associated with this recommendation is 1,000 tonnes. Expanded C&D Recycling Opportunities Capital $ Operating $ FTE Expand wood waste recycling Wood waste recycling pad improvements Additional grinding costs (@$120/tonne) $60,000 $120, for one year Assess aggregate diversion potential Contracted out research project $5, Infrastructure Enhancements Automated Cart-Based Residential Collection Automated collection incorporates equipment that picks up specially-designed garbage carts from residential streets, and dumps them into the holding area of the truck without the driver ever having to leave the vehicle. This system is becoming more common and preferred by contractors as it provides increased efficiencies, offers a wider range of labour options, and results in lower worker injuries. Cart programs can allow for a range of cart sizes so that residents pay for the volume that they generate, providing a financial incentive to participate in waste reduction and diversion programs. Through its contractor, The City of Red Deer currently provides cart-based recycling collection at some multifamily buildings. Carts can be used for the collection of garbage, recycling and organics. Port Coquitlam in BC has a 3-cart system for recycling, yard waste and garbage that started in Carts have colour-coded lids, the blue lid is for recycling, green lid for green waste and grey lid for garbage, as shown in the photo below. In July 2008, kitchen waste was added to the green lid cart. 48

59 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Figure 37: Port Coquitlam Garbage, Recycling and Yard Waste Carts Collection is provided biweekly for single-stream recycling, organic waste and garbage. One week recyclables are collected, and the next week garbage and organics are collected. The recycling program accepts newspaper, boxboard, magazines, telephone books, plastics (#1-#5), tins cans, milk jugs and paper. Glass is not part of the curbside program. Residents are requested to take glass beverage containers for refunds and or to use The City s Glass Recycling Depots for non-refundable glass containers. Different size carts are available for each of the waste streams. The annual fees for carts are listed below. Cart Type 120 L Cart 240 L Cart 360 L Cart Extra 240 L Cart Extra 360 L Cart Recycling N/A $0 $10 $20 $30 Green/Food Waste N/A $65.28 $75.28 $20 $30 Garbage $81.02 $ $ $60 $90 For other examples of automated garbage collection, see Appendix H Recommendations Cart-based collection was identified as an item of particular interest in the April 2012 Council workshop. Based on this and the increasing popularity of these programs in Canada, it is recommended that The City investigate the possibility of establishing an automated cart-based collection program for singlefamily homes that would include cart-based collection of garbage and recyclables. Cart-based organics collection would then be added upon successful completion of the pilot. A two-step approach is prosed, the first step being a pilot project and the second being full implementation, assuming the pilot proves to be successful. The pilot project is intended to assist The City in determining: Appropriate bin sizing Required collection frequency Acceptance by residents Performance capabilities (e.g., cost, technical challenges, quantities collected in each stream, diversion). 49

60 sonnevera international corp Resources Required and Diversion Potential Moving to cart-based collection is expected to take significant staff resources to implement due to the tendering and distribution of the carts and the associated promotion and education campaign. However, once implemented, current staff allocation for contract management is anticipated. Additional diversion is expected due to the new cart system reinvigorating residents enthusiasm for the recycling program, however this additional diversion is assumed to be captured within other program elements, such as the expansion of plastics. Cost of processing the additional recyclables is expected to be offset by avoided tipping fees at the WMF. In addition, the extra capacity of the recycling carts over blue box allows for bi-weekly collection of recyclables, and the associated cost savings. The capital costs for the carts should be offset by operational savings provided by the efficiencies achieved by automated collection. It is anticipated that long-term cost implications will show savings over standard manual collection. Cart Based Collection Capital $ Operating $ FTE Pilot Program $60 per cart (including delivery) 500 carts for garbage; 500 carts for recycling Promotion and education ($3000) $30,000 (garbage); $30,000 (recycling) $ for one year Full Scale Implementation $60 per cart (including delivery) 25,500 carts for garbage; 25,500 carts for recycling Promotion and education ($50,000) Garbage: savings of $1.80/month/home over current costs due to automation and biweekly collection x 26,000 homes Recycling: savings of $2.50/month/home due to automation and bi-weekly x 28,000 stops less increase in processing $1,530,000 (garbage carts); $1,530,000 (recycling carts) $50,000 (for promotion/education in first year) -$562,000 (estimated cost savings over current garbage collection contract) -$830,000 (estimated cost savings over current recyclables collection contract) 1.0 for first year Organics Processing Facility Depending on the outcome of the organics collection pilot, The City may need to establish additional composting capacity. Food waste in particular will require greater consideration of the appropriate composting technology and location for a facility to manage this type of organic waste as food waste can be more challenging to manage than yard and garden waste. Options for establishing composting capacity include: building and operating a City-owned facility, contracting with a private composting company, or establishing a public-private partnership. The City s current yard waste operation is one form of public-private partnership, where a private company operates the yard waste composting facility at the WMF (i.e., on public land) Recommendation If it is determined, based on the outcome of the food waste collection pilot, that a composting facility is required to process the volume of food waste that would result from a full-scale residential collection 50

61 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer program and/or a program that diverted ICI food waste, then a composting feasibility study is recommended as the next step. This study would assess: The types and quantities of organic waste feedstocks available to a composting facility from the various sources in Red Deer (residential, ICI, agricultural) Technology options Space and service requirements Ownership and operation models Capital and operating costs Implementation requirements The outcome of the study, along with the results of the collection pilot, would provide Red Deer with the information required to determine if it would like to move forward with a full-scale organics diversion program Resources Required and Diversion Potential The cost for a detailed composting feasibility study is estimated to be $30,000 $50,000. Because this study would be undertaken by consultants, no additional staff resources have been allocated to this task. This study will result in no additional diversion, however the development of organics processing capacity will ultimately be required to meet the targets set out in this WMMP Regulatory Options Differential Tipping Fees Differential tipping fees can be used to encourage the separation of materials for recycling or composting. Differential tipping fees can also reflect the cost to manage a specific waste stream; for instance, odourous materials that require immediate burial are often charged a higher tipping fee to recognize the cost of the staff and equipment required. The City of Red Deer current applies this approach to encourage recycling and reuse by offering free drop off of household recyclables, toilets and household hazardous waste. 76% of businesses responding to the WMMP stakeholder consultation survey agreed with the concept of differential tipping fees. The Bow Valley Waste Management Commission uses differential tipping fees to support the sourceseparation of recyclable materials in the construction/demolition waste stream. The Commission implemented a differential rate fee for C&D loads received at the main face of the landfill: mixed waste loads that contain recyclable materials are charged $190 per tonne, whereas loads containing no recyclables are charged $100 per tonne. Another example is Cowichan Valley Regional District in BC that has the following variable tipping fees: Material Tipping Fee ($/tonne) Garbage 140 Garbage containing recyclables 280 Recyclables Yard waste free free ICI food waste 100 Drywall (shipped away for recycling) 190 Scrap lumber and wood waste 85 51

62 sonnevera international corp. Experience in other jurisdictions has shown that to incent source separation, the tipping fee differential must be significant enough to warrant the extra effort or additional collection service. Differential tipping fees can also be used in combination with disposal bans. In the Cowichan Valley, recyclables, yard waste, ICI food waste and drywall are banned from disposal. Additional examples of communities utilizing differential tipping fees can be found in Appendix I Recommendations The following recyclable/compostable waste streams with existing diversion options should be considered for reduced tipping fees to encourage source-separation and diversion at the WMF: Asphalt shingles Clean wood waste (unpainted, uncoated structural wood), including wood shingles Drywall Yard waste Additional materials can be added to this list of discounted materials as diversion options are identified. Waste streams that should be considered for increased (surcharged) tipping fees include: Mixed waste containing significant volume of readily divertible materials (cardboard, paper, metal, yard waste) Mixed loads of asphalt and wood roofing shingles Mixed waste containing significant volume of clean wood waste Mixed waste containing of significant volume of clean drywall The setting of differential tipping fees should be considered in tandem with annual budgeting with an aim to ensure that WMF operating costs can be adequately funded through tipping fee revenue Resources Required and Diversion Potential Staff time will be required on an annual basis to establish differential tipping fees that ensure that WMF costs are covered, but incent diversion. A budget of $10,000 has been allocated for the first year to hire a consultant to assist in developing the initial fee structure and to provide funding for associated promotional activities. The scale house software would need to be modified to incorporate differential tipping fees and some training of scale house staff would be required. No budget has been allocated to this activity. As economic instruments like differential tipping fees typically have a significant effect on the practices of ICI and CD waste generators and haulers, it is estimated that 5,000 tonnes can be diverted, depending on the amount of differential and associated promotion. Differential Tipping Fees Capital $ Operating $ FTE Establishing and Promoting Initial Fee Structure $10, for one year Annual review of fee structure $0 0 (included in regular budgeting process) 52

63 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Disposal Bans With disposal bans, specified materials are prohibited from being disposed as garbage. This regulatory approach is enforced at the disposal facility. This is a common policy approach to encourage recycling by businesses and the construction/demolition industry without having to engage in the cost of providing a collection program. Bans are only put in place when recycling infrastructure is available. Bans received less support from the commercial sector in the WMMP consultation survey than differential tipping fees, but still garnered 64% agreement. For example, Regional District of Nanaimo in BC implemented a disposal ban on ICI organic waste in 2005 that affected roughly 800 businesses and institutions. The bylaw, which is enforced at their landfill and transfer station, bans all food and yard waste. If a load of waste arriving at their disposal facilities contains an evident volume of organic waste, it is subject to a doubling of the tipping fee on the whole load. An estimated 6,000 tonnes of commercial organics is diverted annually through this program. The Regional District has also banned gypsum (drywall), wood waste, recyclable cardboard, paper, metal, household plastic containers, and tires from disposal. Commonly banned materials include: cardboard, paper, metal, yard waste and products/packaging covered by a provincial stewardship program Recommendation Because disposal bans are an effective and low-cost policy mechanism to drive diversion, implementation of disposal bans is recommended for waste materials that have an existing collection and processing infrastructure in place. In the short-term, disposal bans (enforced at the WMF) should be considered for cardboard and other recyclable paper fibres, metal, yard waste, concrete, asphalt, asphalt shingles and materials covered under a provincial stewardship program. Disposal bans on recyclable plastics should also be considered as part of expanding the range of plastics collected in the residential recycling program. Once organics processing capacity for food waste and collection programs are in place, a disposal ban on all food waste should also be considered. Similarly, a disposal ban on clean wood waste should be considered as a mechanism to support expanded wood waste recycling activities at the WMF Resources Required and Diversion Potential Staff time would be required to modify the bylaw regulating disposal and to monitor compliance. As with other regulatory approaches, an aggressive education / promotion program should precede introduction of landfill bans. It is anticipated that the development and implementation of disposal bans would be done by staff hired to coordinate ICI waste diversion and to implement promotion and education initiatives (new staff resources allocated to other initiatives discussed earlier in the WMMP). Enforcement of the disposal bans would be done by existing WMF facility staff. Training on enforcement procedures would be required. The diversion potential for disposal bans comes primarily from improved ICI waste diversion and is estimated to be 5,000 tonnes if bans are applied to all readily recyclable materials. 2 2 Assumes that one-third of ICI waste currently landfilled is recyclable (16,000 tonnes) and that disposal bans would increase ICI diversion up to 50% (2,500 tonnes allocated to ICI waste diversion technical assistance and 5,000 tonnes allocated to disposal bans). 53

64 sonnevera international corp. Disposal Bans Disposal Bans Bylaw amendments Promotion and education Training of enforcement staff Capital $ Operating $ $0 Included in ICI waste diversion promotion budget FTE Included in staff resources for ICI waste diversion and community based social marketing Residential Mandatory Recycling / Source Separation To maximize participation and diversion, mandatory approaches can be applied to residential waste collection services. A common approach is to not collect garbage that contains materials that have diversion options. For example, the City of Nanaimo in BC will tag and leave behind any containers of garbage that are identified as containing blue box recyclables or yard waste. Additional examples of mandatory approaches can be seen in Appendix I. Residential requirements to recycle are commonly applied to: residential recyclables, yard waste and products/packaging covered by a provincial stewardship program Recommendation Although effective, mandatory requirements are often viewed as punitive by residents and are only recommended if residential program performance is low and not meeting expectations. Promotion and education and financial incentives such as pay-as-you-throw garbage collection should be employed prior to consideration of implementation of mandatory recycling requirements Resources Required and Diversion Potential If implemented, mandatory requirements are enforced by the garbage collection contractors. Spot checks or audits can be done on occasion by City staff to confirm that contractors are following through with the mandatory requirements. No new budget or staff resources have been identified for this recommendation. Estimated diversion that would result from mandatory residential diversion is 2500 tonnes ICI Mandatory Recycling / Source Separation Through this regulatory approach, businesses would be required through a bylaw to participate in recycling and/or divert designated materials through a recycling program. Many businesses report that although they would like to set up a recycling program, it will not be a priority for them until they have to do it. Although aggressive, this type of regulation can be highly successful in terms of diversion, and provides a level playing field for businesses. Similar to residential recycling, it is important that prescriptive approaches such as this are implemented only when accessible diversion alternatives exist, and aggressive education/ promotion programs have been in place. The following are examples of the mandatory approaches that could be employed in the ICI sector: 1. Mandate all ICI buildings to implement a recycling collection service by a defined date. Under this approach, each ICI building would contract recycling services to meet their specific needs. This approach is used in the Province of Ontario. 2. Provide recycling collection services to ICI buildings as a City service. Participation in the program would be mandatory for all ICI buildings; however exemptions for buildings with internal recycling systems or existing recycling contracts could be made. Programs of this nature are in place in Penticton, BC and Blowing Rock, North Carolina. 54

65 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer 3. A combination of the above two approaches: Small ICI buildings that can be serviced by the same collection vehicle that collects recyclables from the multi-family sector are included in the curbside program. Larger ICI buildings that cannot be serviced by the curbside program would be required to contract recycling services directly with a collection company. Additional ICI mandatory recycling and source separation approaches can be found in Appendix I Recommendation Like disposal bans, regulatory approaches can be highly effective at establishing diversion programs in the ICI sector. Although effective, mandatory requirements can be viewed as excessive are only recommended if ICI diversion performance is low and not meeting expectations. The effectiveness of an ICI-targeted promotion and education program, combined with technical support, plus the influence of disposal bans on ICI generators, should be reviewed in advance of implementing mandatory recycling requirements Resources Required and Diversion Potential The amount of staff and financial resources required is dependent on the approach to mandatory recycling selected and therefore has not been estimated for inclusion in the WMMP implementation budget (Table 8). However, it is assumed that most of the preparation and execution of a mandatory approach would be undertaken by a staff person dedicated to ICI waste diversion (identified previously to support the ICI waste diversion recommendations). A mandatory approach to ICI waste diversion would be intended to maximize diversion potential and therefore an additional estimated 5000 tonnes of diversion is allocated to this approach Residuals Management Residual municipal, solid waste material generated within the City of Red Deer and outlying areas is currently disposed of at The City of Red Deer Waste Management Facility (WMF). The WMF, which operates under Alberta Environment approval No A high level, lifecycle cost analysis (LCA) was undertaken for the purpose of assessing the long-term sustainability of the current tipping fee structure considering long-term liabilities, and operating, maintenance, capital and post-closure costs associated with the current Phase 1 and future Phase 2 development. Based upon the outcome of this financial analysis, summarized in Appendix L, the WMF has approximately 6.6 million cubic metres of airspace remaining in the Phase 1 and 2 areas based upon the preliminary design report generated by Stantec (1998), which equated to approximately 34 years of site life. It is understood that this remaining permitted airspace capacity represents a significant asset to The City of Red Deer, and should be managed in such a manner as to both optimize the consumption this airspace, while ensuring that adequate revenues are generated to cover both operating costs and postclosure liabilities. The following section presents recommendations to ensure that these objectives are met Site Development Key to the efficient development of a landfill facility is the preparation and implementation of an integrated design and operation s plan (D&O Plan). This plan differs from a traditional fill plan in that it recognizes that a landfill is composed of many integrated components (e.g., leachate management, storm water management, vector control, landfill gas management, etc.) and that the alteration of any one of these elements will impact the other elements as well. In addition, an integrated D&O Plan should identify all key infrastructure (e.g., lateral expansion, leachate management systems, storm water control, etc.) 55

66 sonnevera international corp. associated with the ongoing site development, as well as staged progressive closure of the landfill. This information can then be used to not only facilitate the ongoing development of the landfill, but optimize airspace consumption, identify timelines for capital expenditures, and provide a long-term strategy to address stormwater management, thereby reducing leachate generation potential. As such, the preparation and implementation of an integrated D&O plan is recommended to ensure the efficient use of airspace, while mitigating the potential environmental risk associated with ongoing landfill operations Airspace Consumption As indicated above, the remaining landfill airspace is considered to be a valuable municipal asset by which to manage solid waste residuals. As such, it is important to monitor the efficient use of airspace by calculating the apparent density of waste placed on an annual basis. The apparent waste density is not a true density, but is a relationship that represents the mass of waste that can be disposed in each cubic metre of landfill air space. The apparent waste density is a more accurate measure of the efficiency of landfilling since soil (used for daily and interim cover) is excluded from the ratio. The apparent waste density is based on the comparison of the tonnage landfilled versus the air space consumed. Soil used as daily cover is excluded from consideration since an increase in soil usage can increase the true density and provide a skewed representation of landfilling efficiency. Efficient landfill compaction techniques, employed at well-operated landfills, can typically attain an apparent waste density between 0.6 to 1.0 tonnes of waste per cubic metre of air space consumed, depending on the size of the landfill. Based upon the most recent airspace consumption analysis conducted at the site (Stantec, 2010) the calculated apparent density achieved by the operator has ranged from 0.46 to 0.69 tonnes per cubic meter since The average calculated apparent density over this time is 0.63 tonnes per cubic meter, with a median value of approximately 0.65 tonnes per cubic meter. Hence, for the purpose of estimating remaining site life, a value of 0.65 tonnes per cubic meter was adopted. However, based upon the annual tonnage of residual waste landfilled (approximately 90,000 tonnes per year) and the equipment utilized on site, an apparent density of 0.7 tonnes per cubic meter or greater should be achievable. It is recommended that the annual airspace consumption analysis be refined to incorporate site-specific topographical aerial surveys be conducted in either the spring or fall (at the same time each year) to facilitate the calculation of annual airspace consumption, apparent density, and updated remaining site life. This aerial survey methodology will permit staff to closely monitor and verify fill progress and airspace consumption. This exercise will ultimately assist in the preservation of airspace, while providing the ability to update post-closure liabilities annually. In general, the total cost of this exercise, throughout of the lifespan of the site, will be minimal relative to the potential increased efficiency in airspace consumption Operational Considerations In addition to the preparation and implementation of an integrated D&O Plan, there are several operational considerations which can impact the efficient use of airspace which should be given consideration. Efficient landfill operation can be described as optimizing the use of available airspace, which is primarily achieved by reducing the amount of cover material used. This can be implemented through the enhancement of a combination of design and operational factors such as: 1. Reduce the size of cells and the working area; 2. Maximize lift thickness; 3. Maximize interim and final slopes; 4. Stage filling to achieve final contours as soon as possible; and 5. Utilize alternative daily covers. 56

67 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer These factors can improve compaction efficiency and minimize the amount of cover soil required, maximizing the airspace available for waste disposal. Items # 1 through 4 are key objectives of the operations element of the aforementioned integrated D&O Plan. In addition, the implementation of alternative daily cover, when viable due to seasonal factors, should be considered. Alternative daily cover (i.e., tarps) could be used on a daily basis, weather permitting, six days per week, with soil being used for daily cover on the seventh day. The advantage of implementing an alternative daily cover system is the significant reduction of airspace consumed by soil which would otherwise be used as daily cover, thereby increasing the apparent density of the waste in place. In addition implementing operational procedures to increase efficiency of airspace consumption, the terms of reference of the landfill operations contract can also be written to reduce any potential overuse of daily cover. Operations contracts can be written so that the contractor is paid by the mass of waste landfilled and not paid for the hauling and placement of daily cover and intermediate cover material. Furthermore, the operations contract can also limit, under normal operating conditions, the size of the active face, minimum/maximum outer final slopes, lift thickness, and the quantity of soil which is used for daily and intermediate cover Recommendations The following recommendations are presented with respect to ongoing municipal solid waste residuals at The City of Red Deer Waste Management Facility: An integrated Design and Operations Plan should be prepared and implemented for the site, with provisions for minor updates every five years to reflect actual conditions. In association with the integrated Design and Operations Plan, a long-term capital cost plan should be developed which provides both capital costs of all landfill related infrastructure projects, and progressive closure costs. Annual topographical plans, generated from aerial survey data, should be implemented. Based on the annual topographical plan, an annual airspace consumption analysis should be undertaken to determine the efficiency of airspace consumption (apparent density) and update the remaining site life. Seasonal use of alternative daily cover should be considered for implementation at the site. The terms of reference of the operations contract should be reviewed to ensure that it contains appropriate performance criteria which will maximize operational efficiencies Resources Required Estimated financial resources associated with operational recommendations for residuals management at the Waste Management Facility are outlined below. Residuals Management Capital $ Operating $ FTE Design and Operations Plan $75,000 (upfront consulting fees); $10,000 every subsequent 5 years for updates Assumed to require only general internal oversight and management (estimated 0.02 FTE). Long-term capital cost plan $5000 (contingent on completion of D&O plan) Annual topographical plan; airspace consumption analysis $5000 (topo plan); $5000 (airspace analysis) 57

68 sonnevera international corp. Residuals Management Capital $ Operating $ FTE Seasonal alternative daily cover $30,000 (infrastructure required) Review operations contract RFP Assumed to be part of internal contracts management (estimated 0.05 FTE) Monitoring and Reporting Monitoring program results is dependent upon accurate and comprehensive information. Therefore, a system of ongoing measurement of waste diversion and disposal is an important element of the waste management program going forward. Although extensive data is recorded at the Waste Management Facility through Geoware, there is limited information regarding the relative breakdown of certain portions of the waste stream, such as multi-family residential waste, largely due to loads containing mixed waste from multiple sectors. Additional research and tracking is required if further details are desired around the relative contributions and constituents of various waste sectors. In addition, tracking environmental benefits associated with diversion programs is an important element to integrate into the monitoring and reporting system Recommendation To provide the level of information required for accurate assessment of program performance, The City should implement a comprehensive reporting system that provides the level of material breakdown to evaluate performance in different sectors. Additional activities that would support the enhanced information system include the following: on-site and load audits to assess breakout of waste from various sectors surveys at recycling depots to determine relative usage by commercial vs residential sectors, as well as residents from outside Red Deer accurate assessment, and subtraction, of residuals rate associated with various levels of recycling to provide more robust diversion reporting It is also suggested that The City request reporting of diversion amounts from the commercial sector, including businesses that direct ship materials out of the city, in order to being to track performance of ICI diversion programs. Reporting of total collection volumes from contractors would also assist the tracking of total waste handled in Red Deer. It is anticipated that the reporting system will incorporate all waste measurements into one comprehensive database that facilitates easy data entry, as well as flexible reporting functions that include primary metrics such as generation and diversion rates, as well as environmental benefits calculations. It is recommended that this development be undertaken with the assistance of a database expert in consultation with Geoware representatives Resources Required Financial resources will be required to develop an enhanced database system. The extent of external IT consultation required will be dependent upon the capabilities of the existing data management software, and its ability to interface with City systems. 58

69 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Monitoring and Reporting Capital $ Operating $ FTE Develop comprehensive reporting system $0 (assume to be possible with existing software) $25,000 (estimated external consultant / IT expertise costs) Assumed to require only general internal oversight and management (estimated 0.05 FTE). 59

70 sonnevera international corp. 6 Summary of Recommendations The following recommendations are a compilation of those contained in the previously outlined Waste Management Strategy, organized by strategy element. Option Type Education / Promotion Overall Approaches Option Government leadership Review and update internal procurement policy to encourage reduction, reuse and recycled content. Develop a consistent comprehensive waste diversion program for all public buildings and operations. Community engagement Develop a community engagement plan to promote waste reduction and diversion initiatives and leverage existing environmental networks. Community-based social marketing Continue to build internal capacity in community-based social marketing, and integrate these approaches into all program designs and implementation. Expand marketing efforts for existing programming to improve participation and address specific behaviour issues. Initiate a cooperative design process between The City and contractors for recycling infrastructure to improve consistency in bin design, colours and signage. Branding Develop a Red Deer brand that provides a consistent program look and messaging throughout City waste reduction initiatives. Social Media Investigate SmartPhone apps that can help to remind residents of waste management services and diversion opportunities. Enhance The City s website to provide more information related to The City s waste reduction and waste management services, and incorporating more interactive features. Public spaces recycling Pilot new and improved signage at existing public recycling bins, including assessment of participation and contamination levels, as well as an advertising campaign. If the pilot is successful, all litter bins in public spaces should be replaced with multi-stream bins, and supported by ongoing promotional activities. Zero waste public events Prepare a zero waste event guide for event organizers that provides tips on how to minimize waste at events and identifies local waste management resources and services. Require event organizers to prepare a waste management action plan including waste reduction and diversion elements as part of special events permits. Provide highly visible garbage and recycling containers to public events that are consistent (colours, signage) with other public space and municipal recycling initiatives. 60

71 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Option Type Residential Waste Reduction/ Diversion Option Backyard composting Build upon the Composting at Home program through enhanced education and initiatives like subsidized composter sales to promote backyard composting throughout residential areas of Red Deer. Grasscycling and xeriscaping Develop a grasscycling and xeriscaping awareness campaign linked to existing and future environmental campaigns related to healthy yards, water conservation and backyard composting. Expanded residential organics collection Implement a year-long pilot of expanded residential organics collection to include food waste and soiled paper, testing combined yard and food waste, as well as separated collection over four seasons. Utilizing results from the pilot, if deemed successful, implement communitywide residential organics collection. Bi-weekly garbage collection Combine pilot of bi-weekly garbage and recyclables collection with expanded organics pilot. Enhanced Curbside Recycling Enter into negotiations with the MRF s operator to determine capabilities regarding collection of an expanded range of plastics. If positive, expand materials accepted in the blue box to all mixed container plastics and film. Implement a pilot residential blue cart collection program. Due to the larger volume that can be accommodated in a cart, If automated carts are expanded for use at all homes, bi-weekly collection of recycling should be considered. User-pay / volume limitations An initial reduction of the can limit from its current rate down to 3 containers per week should be considered, followed by a subsequent reduction down to 2 containers. Implementation of a container reduction could be introduced at the same time as new recyclables are added to the program. Enhanced multi-family programming Work with the recycling contractor to develop a targeted multi-family social marketing program. As a launch to the campaign, provide in-suite recycling containers. 61

72 sonnevera international corp. Option Type Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Waste Reduction Infrastructure Enhancements Regulatory Options Option Waste diversion assistance Provide technical and information assistance to businesses and institutions that want to implement waste diversion programs. ICI recognition Develop a recognition program for businesses achieving high standards in waste diversion. ICI food waste diversion Initiate a pilot ICI food waste collection program, including promotion and education materials and training of staff at participating businesses, to identify specific opportunities and barriers to success. Incorporating results from the pilot, introduce a community-wide promotion of ICI food waste collection service options. Clarify the Utility Bylaw s application to commercial organics collection services. Support ICI locations that want to implement on-site composting. Enhanced ICI recycling collection Work with contractors to design and implement alternate collection options for businesses in areas that present challenges to effective participation in diversion programs. Consider providing municipal buildings with recycling services as an add-on to the multi-family recycling program Expanded C&D diversion opportunities Expand the pallet recycling program to include all clean (uncoated) wood waste. Assess the potential benefits of adding aggregate diversion opportunities at the Waste Management Facility. Automated cart-based garbage collection Implement a pilot automated garbage collection program. If the pilot is deemed successful, expand automated garbage collection community-wide. If automated collection is implemented full-scale, consider offering residents variable can sizes to further enhance the user pay concept and create a financial incentive to maximize diversion. Organics processing facility Identify composting capacity capable of handling material from organics collection pilots. If a composting facility is deemed to be required to process residential and ICI food waste, conduct a composting feasibility study to determine technology, size and location of suitable processing facility. Differential tipping fees Create a financial incentive for diverting recyclable and compostable materials through a system of differential tipping fees at the Waste Management Facility. Disposal bans Consider implementation of disposal bans for waste materials that have an existing collection and processing infrastructure in place. 62

73 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Option Type Residuals Management Monitoring and Reporting Option Residential mandatory recycling / source separation If promotion and education and financial incentives such as pay-as-youthrow garbage collection do not provide the desired level of residential program performance, implement curbside collection bans for all organics and recyclables that are part of both programs. ICI mandatory recycling / source separation Once adequate alternatives exist for ICI organics and recyclables, if ICI diversion expectations are not met, require all businesses to participate in diversion programs. Site development Prepare and implement an integrated Design and Operations Plan for the landfill site, with provisions for minor updates every five years. Develop a long-term capital cost plan which provides capital costs of all landfill related infrastructure projects and progressive closure costs. Airspace consumption Implement annual topographical plans generated from aerial survey data. Based on the annual topographical plan, undertake an annual airspace consumption analysis. Operational considerations Consider seasonal use of alternative daily cover at the site. Review the terms of reference of the operations contract to ensure that it contains appropriate performance criteria. Implement a comprehensive reporting system that provides the level of material breakdown to evaluate performance in different sectors. Conduct on-site and load audits to assess breakout of waste from various sectors. Carry out surveys at recycling depots to determine relative usage by commercial vs. residential sectors, as well as residents from outside Red Deer. Request reporting of diversion amounts from the commercial sector, including businesses that direct ship materials out of the city, as well as total collection volumes from contractors. Incorporate environmental benefits calculations into the reporting system. 63

74 sonnevera international corp. 7 Prioritization 7.1 Ranking of Program Elements Figure 38 shows a graphical representation of the relative ranking of program elements within the Waste Management Strategy, using diversion and cost as primary indicators, supported by ease of implementation of various options. Although all program elements are recommended, this provides a foundation for decisions that will need to be made if budget does not allow for full implementation of all components. It is important to note that some elements, such as Community-Based Social Marketing and Government Leadership, are considered to be fundamental to the successful implementation of the strategy as a whole. As can be seen in Figure 38, the options that offer the greatest diversion at the lowest cost are located in the top left quadrant. Some of these elements (mandatory recycling, disposal bans) are anticipated to encounter public resistance, and therefore have been recommended only as alternatives implemented after more readily accepted options have been fully implemented and failed to reach diversion goals. However, there are options in this high-performing quadrant that are predicted to be relatively easy to implement, including Waste Diversion Assistance and Differential Tipping Fees. Therefore, these options are recommended for early adoption in the strategy. Also evident in the figure is the observation that a significant number of options are located in the quadrant representing low-cost, but low-diversion options. Many of these elements are also predicted to be relatively easy to implement. Therefore, despite their lower diversion potential, these options are worth implementing because of their likelihood of community support, as well as the supportive role they can play within the overall strategy. At the same time, options with low diversion, but higher cost may be considered for a delayed implementation in the event that budget limitations prevent full implementation of all components. 64

75 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Figure 38: Ranking of Program Elements 65

76 sonnevera international corp. 8 Public Consultation Public consultation on the draft WMMP was conducted at numerous locations and events around the City of Red Deer throughout January to March of Direct contact was made with approximately 850 Red Deer residents and businesses, and 909 residential surveys and 51 ICI surveys were completed (including in-person, mail-in and online surveys). Overall, the City of Red Deer's residents and ICI sector are generally in support of the proactive changes proposed within the Waste Management Master Plan. In particular, both residential and ICI sectors strongly support the key elements in Council s vision to reduce waste to landfill and become a leader in sustainable waste management (see charts below). Improving diversion through composting and enhanced recycling are also issues the majority of survey respondents agree with pursuing, as shown in the following tables. A full report of the public consultation process, including all additional comments received, is included in Appendix N. Residential Survey Results Figure 39: It is important that we reduce the amount of waste sent to the landfill. Figure 40: It is important that Red Deer becomes a leader in sustainable waste management. The following table presents the results of the additional residential survey questions. The difference in the results to total 100% were responses that were either unsure, or chose not to answer. 66

77 Table 5: Residential Survey Results Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Statement Agreed Disagreed I would support putting garbage out in a wheeled plastic cart provided by The City, and being charged according to the size of the cart I select. It is important to consider programs to compost residential organics. I support the expansion of the blue box program to include additional types of plastic. 62% 25% 85% 9% 94% 3% I would support replacing blue boxes with larger blue carts. 82% 13% I would support a reduction of the current five garbage bag limit to three bags or fewer. 77% 17% I support enhanced recycling services to multi-family residences. 86% 4% Industrial, Commercial & Institutional (ICI) Survey Results Figure 41: Support for Reducing Waste Sent to the Landfill Figure 42: Support for Red Deer Being a Waste Management Leader The following table presents the results of the additional ICI survey questions. Responses that were either unsure, or chose not to answer are not included. 67

78 sonnevera international corp. Table 6: ICI Survey Results Statement Agreed Disagreed The City Should Provide Technical & Information Assistance to Companies Interested in Reducing Waste. The City should develop a recognition program for businesses that achieve high rates of waste diversion. The City should undertake a pilot program to assess the feasibility of a commercial organics collection program to compost food waste from businesses such as grocery stores and restaurants. A system of differential fees should be established at the Waste Management Facility to create a financial incentive to divert specific materials to recycling or composting. Materials with established recycling programs should be banned from disposal at the Waste Management Facility. 96% 0% 82% 14% 84% 2% 76% 6% 64% 20% Making Red Deer a leader in sustainable waste management received agreement from 86% of the residential respondents and 93% of the ICI sector survey participants. Reducing the amount of waste sent to landfill received even higher support with 96% of respondents in both sectors agreeing to this statement. Television advertisements and public open houses were deemed the least effective method of communication by both Red Deer residents and the ICI sector, however were still believed to be effective by some respondents. The highest ranked methods of communication based on residents responses were direct mail and The City s website, while the ICI sector prefers information to be delivered by The City s website and social media applications. Public consultations confirmed that the top issues residents associate with the waste management system are addressed within the WMMP, and that there are no additional overarching issues that would suggest significant changes need to be made to the proposed Waste Management Master Plan prior to phased implementation. However, the feedback received during the extensive consultations is very important to incorporate into future plans, raising issues that will need to be carefully considered in the design and implementation of program pilots, and ultimately the program design. Recognizing the comments and suggestions received during the consultations will serve to pre-empt potential stumbling blocks, identifying issues that can be properly addressed and incorporated into the pilot process, facilitating effective and focused pilot programs. Considering the pilot phase also involves a considerable degree of public consultation, integrating the two elements (initial consultation and pilot) is a logical approach that will result in the best utilization of resources, and ultimate the most success. 68

79 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer 9 Implementation Schedule Table 7 outlines the proposed implementation schedule for new programs and initiatives. Timing of specific elements is based on priority as determined by need and opportunity, as well as relationship of program components. Based on this schedule, all programs and initiatives would be implemented by the end of 2022, although it is recognized that the realities of implementation may result in the acceleration or delay of specific elements. Table 7: Implementation Plan Promotion and Education Government Leadership Community Engagement Community Based Social Marketing & Branding Social Media Website enhancement and social media engagement Public Spaces Recycling Zero Waste Public Events Residential Waste Reduction Backyard composting Grasscycling/Xeriscaping Expanded organics collection Bi-weekly garbage collection Enhanced curbside recycling Develop apps Pilot Project Full-scale Implementation Pilot Project Full-scale Implementation Expanded plastics collection

80 sonnevera international corp. Pilot carts Full scale implementation of carts & biweekly recycling Reduce Container Limit Enhanced multi-family programming ICI Waste Reduction Waste diversion assistance ICI Recognition Program ICI food waste diversion Enhanced ICI recycling collection Expand C&D diversion opportunities Demonstration project On-going promotion Expand wood waste recycling Assess benefit of aggregate diversion Infrastructure Enhancements Automated garbage collection Organics processing facility Regulatory Options Differential tipping fees Pilot Full-scale Feasibility Study Identify or establish composting capacity Residential mandatory recycling / source separation ICI mandatory recycling / source separation Disposal bans

81 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Residuals Management Design and Operations Plan Long-term capital cost plan Annual topographical plan; airspace consumption analysis Seasonal alternative daily cover Review operations contract Monitoring and Reporting Develop comprehensive reporting system research and design implementation and operation 71

82 sonnevera international corp. 10 Financial and Staffing Implications 10.1 Estimated Expenditures Table 8 shows the estimated annual municipal expenditure (in 2013 dollars) from 2013 to 2023 for the programs and initiatives listed in this plan, with capital costs amortized over a period of ten years. The most significant proposed new expenditures are: $356,000 in 2015 for a residential organics collection pilot project that includes $111,000 for the capital cost of carts; $1.8 million in capital costs for a full-scale cart-based organics collection program and $549,000 per year for operational costs; $1.7 million in capital costs for a cart-based recycling collection program. This program is estimated to result in an annual savings of $831,000 in operating costs due to the ability to have recycling collected every-other-week; $1.6 million in capital costs for a cart-based garbage collection program. This program is estimated to result in an annual savings of $390,000 in operating costs due to collection efficiencies realized through automated collection Human Resources Table 8 also provides an estimate of the human resource requirements on an annual basis to implement each program and initiative. Assuming that the existing staff complement at The City of Red Deer is fully utilized, the implementation of this plan will require additional human resources varying from 2.2 to 3.2 full-time equivalent employees (FTE) per year, depending on the year a program or initiative is implemented. As can be seen, human resource needs are higher in the early years of plan implementation due the effort required to design and implement a new program. It is anticipated that to effectively implement the WMMP, dedicated staff will be required in three general areas: Promotion and education Residential services and programs Industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) programs To meet the human resource requirements listed in the WMMP, the following options are available: Hire new staff dedicated to the roles listed above Hire contractors to undertake specific activities (noting that contracting requires contract management by City staff) Hire consultants (most applicable to design of new programs and studies) A combination of any of the above. 72

83 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer Promotion and Education Table 8: Implementation Budget and Schedule $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE Government Leadership $9, $2, $2, $2, $2, $2, $2, $2, $2, $2, $2, Community Engagement $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, Community Based Social Marketing & Branding Program development and implementation Training $20,000 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $25,000 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 Social Media Website enhancement and social media engagement $10,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Develop apps $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 Public Spaces Recycling Pilot project $10,000 Full-scale implementation $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 Zero Waste Public Events Green festivals guide $5,000 Mobile Zero Waste Station $25,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 Collection Containers for Events $3,000 Residential Waste Reduction Backyard composting $20, $20, $20, $20, $20, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, Grasscycling/Xeriscaping $2,000 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Expanded organics collection Pilot project $356, Full-scale implementation $182, $731, $731,500 $731,500 $731,500 $731,500 $731,500 Enhanced curbside recycling Expanded plastics collection 0.10 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 Full scale implementation of carts & biweekly recycling Reduce Container Limit $15, Multi-family programming ICI Waste Reduction Pilot carts $30, $168, ($663,000) 0.25 ($663,000) ($663,000) ($663,000) ($663,000) Program development $30, $30, $15, $15, $15, $15, $15, $15, $15, In suite containers $9,600 $9,600 $9,600 $9,600 $9,600 $4,800 $4,800 $4,800 73

84 sonnevera international corp $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE ICI Waste diversion assistance $25, $15, $15, $15, $15, $15, $15, $15, $15, $15, $15, ICI recognition program $10,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 ICI food waste diversion Demonstration project $16,500 On-going promotion $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Enhanced ICI recycling collection $2,500 $2,500 Expand C&D diversion opportunities Expand wood waste recycling $60, $120,000 $120,000 $120,000 $120,000 $120,000 $120,000 $120,000 $120,000 Assess benefit of aggregate diversion $5,000 Infrastructure Enhancements Automated garbage collection Full-scale implementation & bi-weekly collection Organics processing facility Pilot project $33, Feasibility Study $40,000 Establish composting capacity Regulatory Options Differential tipping fees $10, Disposal bans Residential mandatory recycling / source separation ICI mandatory recycling / source separation Residuals Management $158, ($406,600) 0.25 ($406,600) ($406,600) ($406,600) ($406,600) to be determined Design and Operations Plan $75,000 $10,000 Long-term capital cost plan $5,000 $5,000 Annual topographical plan; airspace consumption analysis Seasonal alternative daily cover $30,000 Review operations contract Monitoring / Reporting Develop comprehensive reporting system to be determined to be determined $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $25, Total Costs $164, $249, $546, $333, $464, $1,300, ($74,200) 2.75 ($99,200) 2.20 ($79,000) 2.20 ($74,000) 2.20 ($74,000)

85 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer 11 Estimated Diversion Table 9 presents the estimated diversion that can be achieved through implementation of the strategy described in Section 5. The diversion estimates are cumulative, and are based on 2011 tonnes disposed and were estimated using composition of waste disposed in the residential and ICI sectors, as well as diversion performance being achieved in communities with similar programs. Many of the initiatives described in the strategy, such as community engagement and community-based social marketing are not listed in the diversion table below, but are considered critical support mechanisms to achieve success in the programs listed in the table. System Component Table 9: Estimated Diversion Estimated New Diversion (tonnes) Expand Public Space Recycling 100 Backyard Composting / Grasscycling 500 Expanded Residential Organics Collection 2,500 Expanded Plastics Recycling 500 User Pay / Volume Limitations 1,200 Enhanced Multi-Family Recycling Program 1,000 Waste Diversion Assistance for the Commercial Sector 2,500 ICI Food Waste Diversion 3,500 Expansion of C&D Diversion Opportunities 1,000 Differential Tipping Fees 5,000 Disposal Bans 5,000 Mandatory Residential Diversion 2,500 Mandatory ICI Diversion 5,000 Total Estimated Diversion 30,300 Figure 43 below provides a visual representation of how the various program elements build diversion throughout the implementation of the strategy. The figure also shows the corresponding reduction in waste generation rate, with proposed waste targets (see also Table 12) highlighted, with an ultimate target of 500 kg/capita in

86 sonnevera international corp. Figure 43: Estimated Diversion Implementation of Strategy 76

87 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer 12 Targets As noted in Section 2.2, The City s Environmental Master Plan sets out specific targets to drive the implementation of the Plan. The EMP s targets are shown in the following table: Table 10: Environmental Master Plan Targets Timeline Residential Solid Waste Targets Waste Diversion Targets* 2009 baseline 183 kg / capita / year Currently 10% diversion per year per tonne of waste landfilled By % reduction from 2009 levels 20% diversion By % reduction from 2009 levels 30% diversion By % reduction from 2009 levels 50% diversion *Diversion is the percentage of waste diverted per year per tonne of waste landfilled The EMP uses two metric to assess progress towards targets: 1. The tonnes of residential waste collected from the single-family collection program. This data can be easily tracked and accessed through the Waste Management Facility scalehouse software. 2. The tonnes of waste diverted through municipal programs relative to the amount of waste generated. The table below lists the municipal programs used to measure diversion and the 2011 tonnes attributed to each program (as reported by City staff). Diversion Table 11: Current Diversion Amounts 2011 Tonnes Residential yard waste collection 2500 Residential blue box collection 4522 Multi-family recycling collection 465 Recycling depots 517 Self-haul yard waste 1900 HHW depot 97 Pallet diversion 584 E-waste 297 Scrap metal 659 Tires 60 Shingles 1139 Drywall 263 Take It or Leave It Building 4 77

88 sonnevera international corp. The following are proposed revised targets based on the diversion strategy presented in this Plan. The modified targets retain the concept of residential versus overall targets, but presents alternate metrics. Residential waste is proposed to be measured on a per residential curbside account, rather than per capita to compensate for changes in residential demographics that may see increased numbers of residents living in multi-family residences, or other such community changes. The new targets also represent a reduction of approximately 35% by 2022, which is a slightly lower ultimate, but accelerated target beyond that in the EMP. Because of the inherent measurement challenges associated with diversion rate targets, as well as The City s lack of information regarding rates of ICI diversion, a per-capita disposal rate has been presented as the overall waste system target metric. The ultimate target of 500 kg per capita represents a reduction of approximately 40% from current disposal amounts. Table 12: Proposed Waste Targets Baseline Targets Metric Annual kg of garbage per residential curbside program account Overall per-capita disposal rate (kg/ capita)

89 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Final Report The City of Red Deer 13 Summary The 2013 Waste Management Master Plan builds on the Environmental Master Plan, previous WMMPs and Council s vision of reducing waste through reduction and diversion initiatives to provide a 10-year plan that will reduce the per-capita disposal rate in Alberta from a baseline of 812 kg per capita in 2011 to 500 kg per capita in This will be accomplished through additional programs including: Community elements such as government leadership, social marketing, zero waste public events and public spaces recycling Enhancements to residential programming including curbside organics collection, expanded curbside recycling, healthy yards initiatives (backyard composting, grasscycling and xeriscaping), bi-weekly waste collection, automated cart-based collection and enhanced multi-family recycling Industrial, commercial and institutional initiatives such as waste diversion assistance, business recognition, food waste diversion, enhanced recycling and construction / demolition waste diversion. Incentives and regulatory mechanisms including differential tipping fees and disposal bans The plan will be implemented on a foundation of public consultation and program pilots to encourage high levels of support, engagement, and ultimately success. 79

90 APPENDICES Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Appendix The City of Red Deer

91 Appendix A: Previous Waste Management Master Plans The City of Red Deer prepared its first Solid Waste Master Plan (SWMP) in The Plan was reviewed and updated in 1998 and This appendix provides an overview of the recommendations included in the previous SWMPs and implementation status of those recommendations Solid Waste Management Master Plan The first SWMP was prepared in response to the community s increasing concern about the environment. Council directed staff to prepare a plan that investigated and formulated policy on the City s waste management issues. The objectives of the 1992 Plan were to reduce reliance on landfilling through a solid waste management system that incorporates reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery, and to assist the Province in achieving its goal of 50% waste reduction by the year At the time the Plan was developed, the key features of the City s solid waste management system were: Residential and commercial garbage collection is provided by the City s contractor All residential homes, including multi-family buildings, receive recycling collection services through the City The City s landfill also receives waste from the County of Red Deer and the towns of Penhold and Sylvan lake. The table below summarizes the recommendations in the 1992 SWMP. City staff reported in the 1998 Plan that the majority of the recommendations were implemented and, as a result, a 20% reduction in waste per capita was achieved. 1. Expand Landfill Capacity 40+ years 1992 Summary of SWMP Phases 1 and 2 ( ) 2. Revise Garbage Utility Bylaw to limit units to 5 per household per week 3. Apply for approval for the development of a dry waste site 4. Request clarification from the Province re. mandatory diversion of waste tires 5. Ban the disposal of large metal appliances in the landfill 6. Salvaging operations should be considered on a case by case basis; health, safety and cost considered 7. A general promotion and education program should be developed 8. Environmental Award of Merit program should be established for businesses 9. Efforts to divert liquid waste from landfill site should continue with goal of permitting no liquid waste disposal at site 10. Investigate alternatives to landfill disposal of an alum calcium carbonate generated by the plant 11. Design and pilot a yard waste collection and composting program 12. Increase the landfill tipping fees to $25 (effective March 1, 1993) Page 1 of 4

92 Appendix A Previous Solid Waste Master Plans 13. Conduct commercial waste audits to assist businesses to implement 3Rs programs 14. Identify commercial generators of OCC and actively encourage them to implement recycling programs 15. Request Regional Planning Commission update the future use plan for existing landfill site 16. Examine City purchasing practices to identify opportunities to increase use of recycled content products 17. Reviews ways to facilitate proper disposal of hazardous waste by businesses and citizens 18. Request the City Solicitor to investigate the introduction of a bylaw to address issue of unsolicited mail 19. Request the Federal and provincial governments play a role in facilitating waste reduction 20. Expand yard waste collection to full scale program based on results of pilot 21. Reassess pay by volume concept and consider for new contract tender 22. Evaluate the benefit of increasing Landfill tipping fees to divert more waste 23. In 1996, update the plan and review if blue box should continue or regional drop off depot should be implemented 24. In 1996, local market conditions should be reviewed to determine if city should tender a new contract that includes residential waste OR residential and commercial waste 1992 SWMP Phase 3 (Long Term) 1. Revise Waste Management Plan every five years 2. Continue to work towards the Provincial 50% waste diversion goal Solid Waste Management Master Plan The goal for the 1998 SWMP was to determine what parts of the solid waste system could be improved and whether further waste reduction could be achieved. The table below summarizes the recommendations in the Plan. All of the recommendations were implemented Summary of SWMP 1. Promote backyard composting 2. Monitor yard waste collection and determine if identification of containers is a significant problem, and if so, look at alternatives to make containers easier to identify 3. Public Works will continue to promote yard waste diversion 4. Investigate feasibility of a pilot program to add food waste to yard waste program. Contact Olds College on this initiative. 5. Adopt a 5 bag/can limit per residence in combination with a sticker system for additional bags and consideration of lowering the limit in the future. 6. Conduct commercial audits for business to assist in reduction 7. To increase diversion contact Red Deer Chamber to determine willingness to play a role in assisting promotion to businesses 8. Make businesses aware of City s recycling market directory Page 2 of 4

93 Appendix A Previous Solid Waste Master Plans 1998 Summary of SWMP 9. Investigate recycling options for commercial businesses 10. Consider waste generated by multi-family residences as a separate waste stream and investigate opportunities for diversion 11. Identify loads of OCC at the landfill and follow up to inform generators of markets 12. Look for options for disposal of concrete and rubble at least two years prior to filling the existing site 13. Continue with HHW round up event once per year and consider a permanent depot in conjunction with the new waste management facility 14. Do not consider automated residential collection at this time 15. Implement a flat rate fee for small vehicles at the new waste management facility 16. Design of new landfill such that methane gas could be recovered in the future if economically viable 17. Continue to work to incorporate the native wetland area as a significant component of new waste management facility and consider incorporating an interpretive walking trail through wetland as a component of the educational program for the new facility Solid Waste Management Master Plan The goal for the 2005 SWMP was to obtain confirmation of the strategic direction of waste management programming. The ideas considered during this planning process were evaluated through the following set of criteria: Compatibility with the City s existing plans Environmental benefit Implementation cost Implementation effort Public perception Successful implementation in Alberta or Canada. The table below summarizes the recommendations in the 2005 Plan, as well as the implementation status of each recommendation. Ideas recommended for further investigation by 2007 Lower 5 unit set out limit for waste collection Recycle e-waste materials not in the ERA program Promote grasscycling/backyard composting Provide a second drop-off depot for recyclables Implementation Status Incomplete Complete In 2012, the City is implementing an intensive backyard composting initiative for 250 participants with the intention of creating long-term behaviour change. Grasscycling education has not been implemented. Complete. There is one drop off at the Waste Management Facility and another located at BFI s MRF. Page 3 of 4

94 Appendix A Previous Solid Waste Master Plans Ideas recommended for further investigation by 2007 Make recycling directory available online Investigate the provision of a waste oil drop-off at the waste management facility (WMF) Provide school recycling program Investigate the economics of recycling more wood Provide non-contaminated liquid waste facility from car wash sumps, catch basin sumps and hydrovac operations at the WMF Ideas Recommended for further investigation by 2010 Study the need for Red Deer to host online swap and shop service. Provide on-street recycling containers Consider providing a second e-waste drop off depot in Red Deer Facilitate commercial waste exchange Prepare educational video of waste management section programs Provide a location to recycle printer cartridges Build interpretive trail at WMF Recycle fluorescent light bulbs at the WMF Recycle pesticide containers Support Green Deer litter control program Prepare waste management section mascot Recycle concrete and asphalt Implementation Status Incomplete. However, there is a telephone hotline (the Blue Line) for resident s waste management related questions. Determined to be unnecessary due to other available Red Deer drop-off sites. The City implemented recycling collection service for schools on request. Wood pallets continue to be collected and ground at the Waste Management Facility for on-site use. Decanting pad has been built but service has not been implemented need plan to utilize. Car wash sumps need to be handled separately. Implementation Status The City holds Kick it to the Curb events to encourage resident to giveaway reusable goods. Many on-line swap/reuse services currently exist making it unnecessary for Red Deer to host an online swap service. There is a small number of recycling containers located on downtown streets. Broader implementation was not pursued due to low diversion and high contamination potential. The volume of e-waste disposed has not yet warranted a second e-waste location. Incomplete Incomplete There are several return-to-retail and mail-back, making it unnecessary for Red Deer to provide a collection service. Incomplete Complete. Collected as part of HHW. Pesticide container collection site (part of Clean Farms stewardship program) has not been added at Waste Management Facility. Complete Incomplete There are private recycling facilities in Red Deer that manage these materials. Space exists at WMF, but has not been utilized. Page 4 of 4

95 Appendix B: Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer 1 Introduction Red Deer has a solid waste management system with a broad range of recycling, reuse and composting options, facilities for the disposal of household hazardous waste and a modern landfill for the safe disposal of municipal solid waste. This appendix describes each of the components of the existing solid waste management system in Red Deer including: i. Promotion and education; ii. Reduction and reuse; iii. Collection; iv. Recycling Facilities v. Composting Facilities vi. Construction and Demolition Waste Management vii. The Waste Management Facility. 1.1 Promotion and Education The City of Red Deer s Environmental Services department has developed an educational interpretive centre on the Waste Management Facility site designed to educate visitors about landfills, waste composition and waste reduction. The information provided at the centre is designed to fit Alberta Education s grade four science curriculum, Waste and Our World. The interpretive center is annually toured by approximately 1,400 local students. Figure 1: Educational Interpretive Centre The City also provides a number of education and awareness programs to educate the public about the existing waste management programs including the Blue Line, a dedicated phone line for resident inquiries related to waste management programs, utility bill inserts promoting program elements, brochures on activities such as composting and naturescaping, as well as advertising regarding free yard waste weeks offered annually and the household hazardous waste round-up. Additional promotion and Page 1 of 23

96 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer education is provided at the annual City of Red Deer Let s Talk event which allows residents to speak with Waste Management staff. Samples of promotion / education materials are included in Appendix J. The City of Red Deer Environmental Initiatives department also provides promotion and education for a number of public education initiatives throughout the year, including the Kick it to the Curb free giveaway weekends, battery drives, and Enviro Fair for Environment Week. The Green Deer anti-litter campaign also promotes community clean-up events with the support of a number of community sponsors, with the slogan Leave it Better than you Found it. 1.2 Reduction and Reuse A number of initiatives are in place to encourage the residents of Red Deer to reduce waste by effectively reducing or reusing it Kick it to the Curb The Kick it to the Curb weekend program was developed to allow for residents to eliminate unwanted, yet reusable, items from their homes. Residents are encouraged through advertising to place unwanted items on the curb where the items can then be picked up free of charge and reused by other residents. These items may include, among others, books, old furniture, construction materials, and kitchen supplies. The program typically runs once annually in 2012, it was held during Environment Week. FREE Red Please help you self to items. Deer s Give Away Weekend Figure 2: Kick it to the Curb! sign For 2012, the Kerry Wood Nature Centre also held a Trash to Treasure Swap Meet during the same timeframe. As part of its promotions, The City website also promoted Kijiji and FreeCycle as alternatives for reusable items Take It or Leave It Centre Furniture and other household items in good condition, such as tables, chairs, couches and small appliances, may be placed at the Take It or Leave It Centre located at The City of Red Deer Waste Management Facility. Items may be dropped off free of charge and picked up by others for reuse during regular Waste Management Facility operating hours. Page 2 of 23

97 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Reducing the Impacts of Plastic Bags Figure 3: Take It or Leave It Centre The City of Red Deer encourages its residents to think twice before using plastic bags at grocery stores and retailers. The City is promoting on their website the use of alternatives to plastic bags such as cloth shopping bags, as well as simply refusing plastics bags when they are not needed (i.e. small purchases) Local Retailers of Used Goods A number of retailers, including Habitat for Humanity s ReStore, Salvation Army and Goodwill, are available for residents who wish to drop off or purchase reusable goods such as construction materials, clothing, shoes and household items Online Services Residents are also encouraged to take advantage of online services such as Kijiji and Freecycle which may be used to purchase, sell or trade reusable items to others thereby diverting the items from the landfill. The program is promoted on The City of Red Deer website Backyard Composting and Naturescaping Red Deer s Healthy Yards, Healthy Communities initiative has been developed to house all of The City of Red Deer s environmentally responsible yard and garden programs and practices in one place, helping residents reduce their environmental impacts through healthier yard care, gardening and growing practices. In the spring of 2012, The City of Red Deer launched a Composting at Home initiative, a pilot program aimed at teaching local residents how to compost. Organic waste can account for half of household waste, which this program aims to divert, helping The City reach its Environmental Master Plan waste reduction goals. The program is built on the message that composting is a natural biological process which keeps organics out of the landfill and helps create healthy soils. Approximately 255 participants volunteered to attend workshops and learn to change household organic waste into natural fertilizer for their gardens, lawns and yards. In exchange for their one year composting commitment, The City provided them with the tools (kitchen catcher for organics, compost aerating tool and a compost bin) and knowledge necessary to effectively compost in their own backyard. In addition to the pilot program, The City held a public presentation at the downtown library, published informative materials online and constructed demonstrations at community gardens. The City website also directs people to alternate Page 3 of 23

98 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer sources of information on composting, such as Alberta Environment publications. Further encouragement is provided by draws for composting tools, acting as incentive for people to start or continue composting. The City also promotes naturescaping, which encourages residents to use drought resistant native plants and other xeriscaping practices to reduce yard waste, water consumption and pesticide use, while also increasing habitat for important urban wildlife like birds and butterflies. 2 Collection This section describes the collection services available in Red Deer for residents, businesses and construction/demolition sites. 2.1 Utility Bylaw A unique aspect of Red Deer s solid waste system is the municipal control over residential and commercial waste collection provided through Bylaw No. 3464/2011. This bylaw establishes the public utilities in Red Deer, which includes waste collection and disposal. As stated in Part 6 of the Bylaw, which outlines the waste management utility details, The City of Red Deer provides for the collection, removal and disposal of solid waste, recyclables, and seasonal yard waste within the City of Red Deer for all properties, including businesses. There are a few exceptions to the mandatory collection service; the following types of waste are the responsibility of the waste generator rather than The City s: Large household goods such as furniture; Solid waste stored in on-site mechanical compactors, roll-off bins, or containers of a capacity greater than 6 cubic yards; Construction and demolition waste; Recyclable material generated by the industrial, commercial and institutional activities; Waste of any kind generated from the Michener Centre. The bylaw also states that all solid waste collected in Red Deer must be delivered to The City s Waste Management Facility. This bylaw is fairly unique within the Canadian context, offering some specific benefits through providing The City significant control over how waste is managed, thus allowing The City to more directly plan and implement improvements to the waste management system. 2.2 Single Family Collection Services The City of Red Deer provides weekly collection of garbage, recycling and yard waste from residential detached and semi-detached dwellings. All services are provided through contractors. Roughly 31,000 tonnes of waste materials were collected through the single-family collection program in Figure 4 shows the relative quantity of materials collected in each stream. Page 4 of 23

99 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer 11% 73% 16% Recycling Garbage Yard waste Figure 4: Breakdown of Residential Waste Excluding Multi-Family Buildings in Single Family Recycling Collection The blue box recycling program was implemented in the spring of In 2011, roughly 27,000 homes received blue box recycling collection and 4,500 tonnes of recyclables were collected the equivalent to 170 kg per home. As shown in Figure 5, the amount of material collected through this program has been increasing in recent years; there was a 6% increase in tonnage between 2009 and 2010, and a 16% increase between 2010 and The program collects: Corrugated cardboard Phone books Boxboard Glass bottles and jars Newsprint #2 HDPE plastic containers Magazines Polycoat cartons Kraft paper Household metal Office paper Refundable beverage containers Mixed paper Page 5 of 23

100 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Blue box MulC- family Depots Figure 5: Recycling Collection As shown in Figure 6, the majority of the recyclables collected in this program (by weight) is currently newspaper and cardboard. Other paper 6% PlasCc 3% Metal 3% Glass 2% Cardboard 29% Newspaper 57% Figure 6: Composition of Blue Box Materials Collected There are presently four trucks collecting recyclable materials in the City of Red Deer five days per week. Residents receive weekly collection of their blue boxes, and there is no limit on the amount of recyclable materials that can be placed out for collection. Residents are initially provided with one blue bin, but may request additional blue bins by contacting the Blue Line. The Customer Survey results indicate that the limited size of the blue box is an issue for many residents and may be a constraint on participation. The size limitation has led to many residents using multiple boxes to set out their recyclables, or providing their own larger bin (see Figure 7). An increasing number of blue bags are also being seen, although this practice is not encouraged, as the MRF is not designed to handle materials collected in blue bags. Collectors have commented that the variation in size and type of containers used in the blue box program can be time consuming and labour intensive to pick up. Page 6 of 23

101 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Figure 7: Various residential blue box configurations Page 7 of 23

102 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer The recycling program is funded through a monthly utility rate of $5.65 for weekly blue box collection, and is a non-optional service Single Family Yard Waste Collection The residential yard waste collection program was established in the spring of 1997, with approximately 26,000 households receiving this weekly collection service from the second Monday in April until the second Friday in November. The service falls within the same contract as solid waste collection. The program currently accepts the following materials: Grass clippings Tree branches Leaves Garden waste There is no limit to the amount of yard waste residents can place out for collection; however the materials must be properly packaged. Yard waste must be placed in a garbage bin labeled with a yard waste sticker provided by The City (see Figure 8). Alternatively, yard waste may be placed in a compostable paper yard waste bag, or in the case of branches, bundled and not longer than four feet. Figure 8: Yard waste sticker Figure 9: Yard waste set-out variations Figure 9 shows some of variations observed in yard waste set-out. As with recyclables, yard waste is sometimes set out in plastic bags, despite the fact that the system cannot accept organics in plastic bags, and this material is collected and disposed as garbage. Set-out survey results indicate that approximately 20% of households put out yard waste in plastic bags in the Spring, while around half of that rate use Page 8 of 23

103 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer plastic bags for yard waste in the Fall, showing a lack of participation in the yard waste program, or lack of understanding of acceptable set-out practices, or both. The City also offers two free yard waste weeks to its residents annually which allows residents to drop off yard waste at the Waste Management Facility free of charge for one week in the spring and one week in the fall. An estimated 2,500 tonnes of yard waste are collected annually through the yard waste collection program Single Family Garbage Collection There are currently four trucks collecting waste in the City of Red Deer five days per week, with approximately 26,000 households receiving this collection service. Garbage collection consists of hand pick-up of up to five units of solid waste per household per week; however it was observed that the average household sets out two units per week. The five unit limit was introduced in the spring of 1999, along with the option to purchase extra waste tags to allow the collection of waste in excess of the limit. The program is funded through monthly utility rates charged to residents, and is a non-optional service. Figure 10 shows the variety of containers and materials that are set out by residents in Red Deer. Figure 10: Variations in garbage set-out The City of Red Deer collects approximately 22,600 tonnes of solid waste annually through this program. This translates to a residential per-capita generation rate of 246 kg per capita, which compares favourably to a Canadian residential average of 259 kg per capita and an Alberta average of 273 kg per capita (Stats Can, 2010). Page 9 of 23

104 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Under the Utility Bylaw, the charge for basic residential garbage collection is $11.70 per month per dwelling unit for the collection of a maximum of 5 units of solid waste per week per dwelling unit year round, and once a week collection of yard waste for approximately seven months per year. Tags for additional garbage are $1 per tag. 2.3 Multi-Family Collection Services The City of Red Deer provides garbage and recycling collection to multi-family buildings; defined as residences with more than four dwelling units. Weekly collection is provided through contract. Yard waste collection is not provided by The City to multi-family buildings Multi-Family Garbage Collection Approximately 680 multi-family properties receive weekly garbage collection through The City of Red Deer s contractor. Buildings with garbage collection containers larger than 6 cubic yards must contract with a private garbage collection service. The majority of multi-family buildings are serviced similar to the commercial sector, through the placement and servicing of front-load dumpsters, with the same associated charges. Some multi-family buildings, however, cannot accommodate front-load bins, and are serviced manually, similar to single-family dwellings. In these cases, the program is funded through monthly utility rates charged to residents, as with single family residences. Waste Management Facility reports indicate that the City collects approximately 5,300 tonnes of solid waste annually from the multi-family sector. Visual inspections of bins at multi-family buildings revealed that garbage and recycling are often comingled in both the waste and recycling bins Multi-Family Recycling Collection The multi-family recycling collection runs weekly and falls under the same contract as the blue box collection program. Multi-family recycling was implemented in 1992 and accepts the same materials as the blue box program, with the exception of glass bottles and jars. The service provides either front-load bins, or toters for recyclable materials as shown in Figure 11 through Figure 16. This service is currently provided to approximately 9600 multi-family units throughout Red Deer. An estimated 465 tonnes of recyclable material are collected annually through this program. This per unit number is extremely high indicating that there may be material other than multi-family recyclables being collected in the bin, such recycling from nearby businesses or garbage. This data also contradicts audits of recycling containers conducted during this planning process. Visual audits of multi-family residences in various locations within Red Deer suggested recycling is not well utilized in this sector, as evidenced through the presence of recyclables in garbage containers, and lack of use of recycling bins. A strong exception to this generality was observed in multi-family buildings dedicated to senior populations, where clean and full recycling bins were observed Each dwelling unit within multi-family buildings which receives The City s communal recycling collection service is charged $5.10 per month. Page 10 of 23

105 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Figure 11: Multi-Family Waste Dumpster and Green Recycling Toters Figure 12: Recycling toter signage Figure 13: Empty recycling bins beside recyclables in garbage Figure 14: Recyclables in multi-family garbage bin Figure 15: Recycling toters at multi-family site Figure 16: Garbage and cardboard bins at multi-family site Page 11 of 23

106 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer 2.4 Industrial, Commercial and Institutional (ICI) Collection Services Commercial waste collection is provided through contract by The City of Red Deer. The City tenders the exclusive rights to collect solid waste from ICI locations with garbage containers that are 6 cubic yards or smaller. The bins which are used to collect the waste are provided and serviced by the contractor engaged by The City. Garbage bins which exceed 6 cubic yards are excluded from The City s collection service and are serviced by privately contracted waste collection companies. The City s current rates associated with the collection of commercial waste are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Table 1: Monthly Solid Waste Collection Rates for Commercial Front-End Containers Type of Service Service on Demand Scheduled Service 2 Cubic Yards Container Size 3 Cubic Yards 4 Cubic Yards 6 Cubic Yards Container Rental $10.64 $13.30 $15.96 $18.62 Lift Charge $11.79 $17.68 $23.57 $ Lift/Month $11.79 $17.68 $23.57 $ Lift/2 Weeks $25.46 $38.19 $50.92 $ Lift/Week $51.03 $76.56 $ $ Lifts/Week $ $ $ $ Lifts/Week $ $ $ $ Lifts/Week $ $ $ $ Lifts/Week $ $ $ $ Lifts/Week $ $ $ $ Extra lift $11.79 $17.68 $23.57 $35.36 Table 2: Monthly Solid Waste Collection Rates for Commercial Hand Pick Up Volume Per Pick-Up Frequency of Pick-Up Per Week Extra 0.4 Cubic Metres $24.38 $48.76 $73.14 $97.52 $ $ $5.63 > 0.4 to 0.8 Cubic Metres $24.38 $48.76 $73.14 $97.52 $ $ $5.63 > 0.8 to 1.5 Cubic Metres $48.76 $97.52 $ $ $ $ $11.26 > 1.5 to 2.3 Cubic Metres $73.15 $ $ $ $ $ $16.89 > 2.3 to 3.1 Cubic Metres $97.54 $ $ $ $ $ $22.52 > 3.1 to 3.8 Cubic Metres $ $ $ $ $ $ $28.16 > 3.8 to 4.6 Cubic Metres $ $ $ $ $ $ $33.79 > 4.6 to 5.3 Cubic Metres $ $ $ $ $ $1, $39.42 Page 12 of 23

107 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Recycling Collection Services The City of Red Deer does not provide recycling services to the ICI sector. However, there are several recycling collection companies operating in Red Deer that can be contracted. Private services are available for the collection of automotive metal, scrap metal, office paper, shredded paper and cardboard. A list of the known private services and the accepted materials are included in Table 3. Company GOT-JUNK? Table 3: Private Recycling Services Accepted Materials Residential, commercial and construction waste 5 Star Junk Removal Residential, commercial and construction waste A-1 Willy's Parts Place Inc. Scrap metal, vehicles, appliances All Gotta Go Bettenson s Sand and Gravel Co. BFI Canada Bulldog Scrap Metal Clearwater Waste Management Diversified Glycol Services Inc. Garbage Grabbers Garbage Haulers Green Bin Ltd. Green For Life (GFL) Habitat ReStore Iron Mountain Kleen Site Services Little Dipper Holdings Inc. Merlin Shredding Inc. Paper Cuts Proform Concrete Services Inc. Recycle-Logic Inc. Scrap Attack Shred It Sign-A-Bin TERVITA (formerly Harper s Metals Inc.) The Curbside Recycler Waste containment for work sites. Clean asphalt and concrete Residential, commercial and construction waste All types of scrap metal Construction waste and property clean up Glycol products Residential and construction waste General residential waste Residential and commercial clean up and junk removal Used oil and petroleum fluids, filters, containers and hazardous waste recovery Recycle used furniture, appliances and construction items Select e-waste recycling and paper shredding and recycling service Residential and commercial clean up and junk removal Used oil, used oil filters and used oil containers Paper shredding and recycling service Office paper, paper shredding and recycling service Concrete recycling Electronic waste Scrap metal, vehicles, appliances Paper, cardboard and select e-waste recycling Commercial and residential waste Scrap metal recycling Paper and cardboard Page 13 of 23

108 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Company Thumbs Up Bins & Disposal Walway Waste Management Inc. Waste Co Disposal Systems Waste Management wasteaway Bin Rentals Accepted Materials Property clean up and debris removal Construction waste Residential, commercial and construction waste Residential, commercial and construction waste Construction waste (mainly used for drywall, shingles, wood waste) Small businesses may haul their own recyclables to a depot instead of hiring a collection company. Some large businesses may handle their own recycling by backhauling their recyclables to a central location for subsequent sale to a recycling company. Additional information on ICI waste, as determined through observations, interviews and surveys, is included in Appendix K Yard Waste Collection Services The City does not provide yard waste collection to ICI locations. However, there are landscaping companies that will remove yard waste as part of their site services or businesses can self-haul their yard waste to the Waste Management Facility. 2.5 Recycling Depots The City of Red Deer operates two unstaffed recycling drop-off depots through the residential recycling collection contract which may be used by small businesses, as well as residents. The first depot is located within The City s Waste Management Facility (WMF), and the second depot is found at Waste Management s Materials Recovery Facility (MRF). Both depots are serviced under contract by Waste Management of Canada. The depots may be used free of charge and accept the following source-separated materials: Glass Metal Newspaper Magazines Mixed paper Cardboard Boxboard Refundable milk and juice containers # 2 HDPE rigid plastic containers 2.6 Streetscape Waste Collection Streetscape refers to waste collection located in outside public areas. Typically, this is done through the provision of litter bins in areas frequented by pedestrians, such as parks and other municipal properties. In Red Deer, the Downtown Business Association (DBA) has responsibility for keeping the downtown area clean. A levy is collected from the downtown businesses and given to the DBA to fund the servicing Page 14 of 23

109 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer of street-side litter and recycling containers and removing loose litter from streets, back alleys and public areas. In the downtown area, The City has provided DBA with approximately 100 garbage containers and 11 recycling containers. The bins are serviced Monday through Friday using a small truck with 3 Big Brute containers in the back and transported to specific dumpsters in the downtown area for later disposal / removal. There are a range of issues with the current downtown system: recycling containers are frequently filled with garbage, residential garbage is often placed in the litter bins, and the centralized dumpsters are often filled with cardboard. Events happening downtown are provided with garbage and recycling bins by DBA, but typically they are not well utilized. The DBA could play a role in facilitating and promoting recycling in the downtown core, but The City would need to amend the current contract (which is up for negotiation in early 2013) to do so. The City of Red Deer also has additional waste and recycling bins at other public locations, including bus stops (see Figure 17). However, inspection of these bins showed very poor compliance, with most filled with general garbage. Figure 17: Bus stop recycling station 3 Construction and Demolition Waste Management The City does not provide garbage or recycling collection services to construction and demolition (C&D) sites. These sites must hire their own collection contractors (such as Waste-Co. and Biocycle) or self-haul their waste and recyclable materials. Discussions with industry stakeholders indicates that self-hauling waste and recyclables is a common practice amongst construction, demolition and renovation waste contractors. Page 15 of 23

110 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer 3.1 C&D Reuse and Recycling Options available for contractors wishing to give away reusable materials from construction, renovation and demolition projects can donate materials to Habitat for Humanity s ReStore, as shown in Figure 18 and Figure 19. For recycling, there are a number of options available: Proform Concrete Services Inc. accepts concrete for recycling Bettenson s Sand and Gravel Co. Ltd. accepts both clean asphalt and concrete for recycling The City landfill also accepts clean, separated drywall, asphalt shingles and wood pallets for recycling There are metal waste collection companies Cardboard can be dropped off at the recycling depots or collected by a private collection service. 3.2 C&D Disposal C&D waste can be disposed of at the Waste Management Facility. Loads of C&D waste at the landfill were observed to contain significant volumes of clean wood waste and some cardboard. A photograph of one such load is provided as Figure 20. A private pit that accepts inert C&D waste was also reported to be in the vicinity of Red Deer, but no information regarding this site was found. Figure 18: Habitat for Humanity ReStore Page 16 of 23

111 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Figure 19: Habitat ReStore A Recycling Alternative for Surplus Construction Materials Figure 20: Construction and Demolition Waste Disposed at the Waste Management Facility 4 Recycling Processing All of the recyclable materials collected through the residential recycling program and the two drop off depots are processed at Waste Management s Materials Recovery Facility MRF. This facility has recently been updated and expanded. Page 17 of 23

112 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Figure 21: Sorting Line at the Materials Recovery Facility Figure 22: Paper (to be sorted) at the Materials Recovery Facility 5 Waste Management Facility The City of Red Deer Waste Management Facility (WMF) offers supplementary recycling opportunities in addition to the residential recyclable materials listed in Section Overall, it was reported that in 2011 the Waste Management Facility accepted approximately 5,000 tonnes of additional materials including scrap metal, white goods, electronic waste, tires, used toilets, shingles, drywall, pallets and yard waste. 5.1 Electronics Recycling The WMF is a designated collection site for Electronics Recycling (Alberta s electronics recycling program). As part of the program, the Waste Management Facility will accept the following materials free of charge: TVs Computer monitors Printers Page 18 of 23

113 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Computer peripherals Laptops In addition to the materials accepted as part of the Electronics Recycling program, the Waste Management Facility will also accept the following materials free of charge: Photocopiers Network equipment Telephones/cell phones/pagers Answering machines CD/DVD players VCRs Circuit boards Fax machines Projectors Microfiche readers Uninterruptible power supplies Electronic materials are collected through the provincial stewardship program currently by ecycle Solutions, an approved processor. In addition to offering the drop off service, larger quantities of electronics produced by businesses or organizations can be picked up directly through arrangements with approved processors. Drop-off locations for household electronic waste also exist at Future Shop and Best Buy. Recycle-Logic, a certified electronic recycler, also provides the City of Red Deer with an additional drop off location at th Avenue, where it operates an electronics recycling facility. In 2011, 297 tonnes of e-waste were collected at the WMF. 5.2 Toilet Rebate Program In an effort to reduce water consumption, The City of Red Deer launched a Toilet Rebate Program in July 2008 which provides a rebate to Red Deer homeowners for installing dual flush toilets. The Waste Management Facility began accepting toilets free of charge in January 2009 with all their interior parts and components removed. The collected toilets are eventually crushed and used as aggregate. 5.3 Shingle Recycling As of June 15, 2011, The City of Red Deer s Waste Management Facility offers shingle recycling opportunities to its residents. The program is limited to asphalt shingles. Other materials including cedar shingles are not accepted as part of this program. In 2011, the WMF received 1139 tonnes of shingles. Customers are charged the regular tipping fee on shingles. 5.4 Drywall Recycling Similarly, The City of Red Deer s Waste Management Facility began diverting gypsum drywall on June 15, The program is limited to unpainted gypsum drywall. In 2011, the WMF received 263 tonnes of drywall. Customers are charged the regular tipping fee on drywall. 5.5 Pallets Customers can drop off pallets at the Waste Management Facility which are then ground into mulch by a contractor. The mulch is either used on-site for mud management and compost odour control or marketed to various commercial businesses for uses such as composting and feedlot bedding. In 2011, 584 tonnes of pallets were diverted from the landfill. Page 19 of 23

114 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Figure 23: Pallet recycling at Waste Management Facility 5.6 Yard Waste Composting at the Waste Management Facility In addition to the residential yard waste collection, the Waste Management Facility offers yard waste drop off services to residents and businesses. In 2011, 1,900 tonnes of yard waste was directly hauled to the Waste Management Facility. Regular tipping fees apply to dropped off yard waste. All yard waste collected at the Waste Management Facility, as well as the yard waste collected through the residential program (an additional 2,500 tonnes), is composted at the Waste Management Facility. A contractor is responsible for composting and marketing the material. The contractor owns the majority of the finished compost, however The City keeps 200 tonnes per year which is sold to residents. Figure 24: Yard waste composting site 6 Private Composting Facilities Strickland Farms Composting Site is a private composting facility located west of Penhold which began its operation in The facility is operated by a licensed composting technician and includes a compost pad upon which windrows are placed for composting. It was reported that the facility processed approximately 8,000 tonnes in 2011 and is looking to increase its throughput considerably in the coming months and years. Page 20 of 23

115 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer Figure 25: Windrows at Stickland Farms composting site 7 Household Hazardous Waste Management Hazardous household waste (HHW) items may be dropped off at The City of Red Deer s WMF free of charge throughout the year. The items are then recycled or safely disposed of. The WMF accepts a wide array of HHW products, however motor oil and prescription drugs are not accepted because there are several other locations to return these products in Red Deer. Commercial/industrial hazardous waste is not accepted at the WMF. The WMF received approximately 97 tonnes of HHW in Residual Waste Management As stated in The City s Bylaw, it is required that all residual waste generated within the Red Deer City limits is collected and disposed of at the Waste Management Facility (WMF). This includes all residential and commercial waste which has not been diverted, with the exception of waste which is not permitted for disposal at the facility. The WMF began accepting waste in September 2001 and is a Class II landfill. It is located at the southeast limit of the City of Red Deer, south of 19 th Street and east of 40 th Avenue. The WMF property is bounded to the north by 19 th Street and the Inglewood Residential Subdivision, to the east by 30 th Avenue and agricultural land with rural residences, to the south by agricultural land and commercial developments, and to the west by 40 th Avenue and agricultural land with rural residences, and a closed landfill. The landfill will be developed in two phases with a total landfilled area of 59 hectares. Phase 1 is subdivided into six cells with a total area of approximately 21 hectares. Phase 2 is subdivided into nine cells with a total area of approximately 38 hectares. Phase 1 will provide an estimated site life of 21 years and Phase 2 will provide an estimated site life of 23 years. An additional Phase 3 will be developed, which will consist of a vertical expansion covering Phase 1 and Phase 2 and fill in the air space between these two development phases. Phase 3 will provide an estimated site life of 10 years. The WMF is owned by The City of Red Deer and is operated under contract by MCL. A scale system is in place to track all incoming waste using the Geoware software. In 2010, the WMF reportedly received 86,277 tonnes of waste. The WMF is reported to contain approximately 930,000 tonnes of waste. Page 21 of 23

116 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer The WMF is subject to annual monitoring to determine whether the groundwater and surface water may have been impacted by landfilling activities. Landfill gas monitoring is also completed annually to ensure the subsurface migration of landfill gas does not pose a risk to the surrounding environment. Contingency measures have been set in the event any specified parameters exceed the maximum allowable concentration. Preventative litter control measures are taken to minimize the blowing of litter from the active area of the landfill. Daily cover is used to cover exposed waste and to confine light weight material. Additionally, temporary moveable litter control fencing is utilized at the active face of the landfill, as required, to keep windblown littler within the active area. Figure 26: Active Face at the Red Deer Waste Management Facility 9 Red Deer s Solid Waste Budget The City of Red Deer s solid waste management services are funded through 3 program budgets: 1. Program Budget 435: This budget covers collection services and tipping fees for garbage and yard waste. In 2011, this budget was $7.2 million. This service is funded through user fees charged to residential homes, multi-family residential units and ICI properties. In 2011, all singlefamily residential units were charged $11.70 per month for garbage and yard waste collection (same rates apply in 2012). ICI properties, including multi-family, were charged based on the level of service they receive using the 2012 fees, listed previously in Table 1 and Table Program Budget 446: This budget covers recycling collection from single-family and multi-family dwellings, the operation of the recycling area at the waste management facility, and the processing of the recyclables. In 2011, this budget was $2.5 million. This service is funded through user fees charged to residential homes and multi-family residential units and the sale of recyclables. In 2012, residential homes receiving the blue box recycling service were charged Page 22 of 23

117 Appendix B Existing Solid Waste Management System in Red Deer $5.65 per month, and multi-family residential units were charged $5.10 per month (in 2011, the blue box program rate stayed the same and the multi-family rate dropped to $4). 3. Program Budget 460 (operating): This budget covers operation of the landfill. In 2011, the operating budget was $5.5 million, which was funded through tipping fees. In 2011, tipping fees for residential and commercial waste were $60 per tonne. Special waste and asbestos were charged an $80/tonne tipping fee (in 2012, rates were increased to $62 and $82, respectively). Program Budget 460 (capital): This capital projects budget is for site improvements, cell construction and on-going maintenance of the closed 1972 landfill. This size of this budget varies substantially from year-to-year, based on planned projects. The following table outlines the projected capital projects budget for 2011 to 2015 (based on the 2011 budget). Capital projects are funded through financial reserves. Capital projects are funded through financial reserves generated from the tipping fee revenue $309,000 $5,179,000 $3,233,000 $565,000 $368,000 The financing of solid waste services in Red Deer is based primarily on user fees for the type of service rendered (collection or disposal). General taxes are not used to finance these services. This approach to financing ensures that each service is self-sustaining and the fees charged for each service reflect the actual cost to provide that service. Additionally, this approach is user pay, requiring the generators of garbage and recycling to pay only for the services that they use and, in the case of commercial generator, for the quantity of garbage that they generate. Page 23 of 23

118 Appendix C: Utility Bylaw 3464 See also attached file Appendix C_ UtilityBylawSchedulesEffectiveMarch12012.pdf

119 Utility Bylaw No. 3464/2011 Table of Contents Page 1 of 4 PART 1: SHORT TITLE Short Title and Establishment of Utilities... 1 PART 2: GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions Supervision Supply and Ownership of Facilities and Equipment Assignment of Contract City Responsibility and Liability Application for Service Conditions of Service Deposits Interest on Deposits Refund of Deposit Service Charge After Hours Calls Disconnection Reconnection Winter Installation Utility Charges and Payment of Utility Accounts Billing Errors Late Payment Penalty Novelty Payment Methods Interim Utility Bill Enforcement Appeals Reasonable Notice Termination by Customer Termination by The City Upon Notice Termination without Notice Termination Due to Vacant Premises Authorization to Enter Premises to Terminate Service Service Kill Connection to Utility Service Utility Connection Exceptions Abandoned Building Sewer Connections Sampling and Monitoring Spills Power and Authority of Inspectors Offences and Penalties PART 3: WATER UTILITY Water Service Billing Rates Connection to City Water Supply... 18

120 Utility Bylaw No. 3464/2011 Table of Contents Page 2 of 4 40 Continuous Water Supply not Guaranteed Inspection of Premises Water Use Restrictions Wastage Requirement to Use Low-Flow Plumbing Fixtures Use of Water Investigation into Water Supply Service Failure Pressure Surges Contamination Measurement by Meter Meter Installation and Maintenance Installation Responsiblity Meter Chamber Meter Size Bypasses Meter Valving Protection of Meter Non-Registering Meter Testing or Calibration of Disputed Meters Meter Reading Additional Meter Reads Private Services Use of Groundwater Wells Fire Protection Service Fire Hydrants Permt to Use Water from a Fire Hydrant Temporary Water Service Thawing Services Service Size Boilers Requested Water Shut Off Backflow Preventer PART 4: WASTEWATER UTILITY Wastewater Utility Service Levy and Billing Rates Wastewater Connections Exceptions Prohibited Disposal of Wastewater Cleanouts Backflow Valves Plugged Wastewater Sewers Trees and Roots Connection to Wastewater Sewer Storm Water / Ground Water Discharge to Wastewater Sewer Prohibited Substances in Wastewater Discharge of Prohibited Substances Overstrength Surcharge... 36

121 Utility Bylaw No. 3464/2011 Table of Contents Page 3 of 4 84 Cost of Sampling Dental Waste Amalgam Separator Grease, Oil, & Solids Interception Customer Self-monitoring Manholes Disconnection of Sewer Private Wastewater Disposal Hauled Wastewater Best Management Practice PART 5: STORM WATER UTILITY Connection to Storm Water Sewer Cleanouts Backflow Valves Trees and Roots Private Storm Water Sewer Systems Prohibited Storm Water Sewer Use in Storm Water Discharge of Prohibited Substances City Storm Water Sewer Use Disconnection of Storm Water Sewer PART 6: WASTE MANAGEMENT UTILITY Scope of Waste Management Utility Exclusive Contracts for Waste Management Services Residental Waste - Detached and Semi-detached Dwelling Units Residental Waste - Multi-family and Multi-attached Buildings Commerical Waste Charges and Fees Administration of Solid Waste Services Use of the Solid Waste Utility Service and Disposal Grounds Containment of Solid Waste Disposal of Solid Waste Residential Solid Waste Collection Non-Residential Solid Waste Hazardous Waste, Dangerous Goods, Special Solid Waste Burning Solid Waste from Outside the City PART 7: GENERAL Remainder Enforceable Effective Date Repeal of Previous Bylaw... 52

122 Utility Bylaw No. 3464/2011 Table of Contents Page 4 of 4 SCHEDULE A - DEFINITIONS SCHEDULE B - WATER RATES SCHEDULE C - WASTEWATER RATES SCHEDULE D - BILLING AND SERVICE FEES SCHEDULE E - SOLID WASTE COLLECTION RATES

123 BYLAW NO. 3464/2011 Being a Bylaw of The City of Red Deer to provide for the supply and use of the Water, Wastewater, Storm Water and Solid Waste utilities of The City of Red Deer. Background A Council has authority under the Municipal Government Act, to pass bylaws respecting the safety, health and welfare of people. Council of the City of Red Deer has deemed it appropriate to provide for the establishm ent and operation of certain public utility services, including provision for the terms and conditions under which such utilities will be provided. COUNCIL HEREBY ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: PART 1 SHORT TITLE SHORT TITLE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF UTILITIES 1 (1) This Bylaw may be called "The Utility Bylaw". (2) The City of Red Deer hereby establishes the fo llowing municipal utilities: Water, Wastewater, Storm Wate r and Waste Management (including Recycling). PART 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS DEFINITIONS 2 Words and phrases in this Bylaw shall have the meanings set out in Schedule A. SUPERVISION 3 (1) The Utility Services shall be supervised by the City Manager. (2) The Director of Development Serv ices (the Director) and the Director of Corporate Services (the Treasurer) shall have the powers and duties with respect to the Utility Services spec ified in this Bylaw and as otherwise specified by the City Manager or Council. SUPPLY AND OWNERSHIP OF FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT 4 (1) All meters and metering equipm ent shall be supplied, owned and maintained by The City unless otherwise provided in this Bylaw.

124 2 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (2) Notwithstanding the payment by a cu stomer of any cost s incurred by The City, The City shall retain full title to all lines, equipment and apparatus on its side of the point of delivery, and to all meters and metering equipment provided by it. ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACT 5 A contract for a Utility Service is not transferable and shall remain in full force and effect until terminated by the customer or The City as provided herein. CITY RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY 6 (1) The City does not guar antee the continuous unint errupted supply of any Utility Service but reserves the right to suspend the supply of a Utility Service at any time without notice w here required in the maintenance or operation of the Utility Service. (2) The City and its officers, employees and agents shall not be liable for any damages of any kind due to or arising out of: (a) a failure to provide a Utility Service; (b) the interruption of service due to maintenance or operational requirements, or due to reasons beyond The City s control; or (c) the disconnection of a Utility Service in accordance with this Bylaw. APPLICATION FOR SERVICE 7 (1) Any person who requires a Utility Service shall apply to The City by completing an application form and providing such information as The City may require, including credit references, confirmation of the identity and legal authority of the applicant, and information respecting load and the manner in which the services will be utilized. (2) The applicant shall pay an application fee as set forth in Schedule D. (3) The City may establish procedures fo r the creation of a contract for Utility Services by telephone, fax, internet or other electronic means, or may require the applicant to sign a contract for service. (4) The Utility Service account shall be set up:

125 3 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (a) (b) (c) in the name of the owner of the property to which the utilities are to be supplied, where the Utilities ar e requested by the owner of the property; or in the name of the occupant(s) of a property where the Utilities are requested by an occupant of the property. Where the occupants are tenants, all of the persons named as tenants in the landlordtenant agreement shall be jointly and severally liable for the Utility account, regardless of which tenant s name the account is opened in; or in the name of the general contract or in the case of a new building under construction, where the Utilities are requested by the general contractor. (5) Notwithstanding subsection (2), t he Treasurer may waive the application fee in the case of a mortgage lender wh ich acquires title to a property as part of the process of foreclosure. (6) Upon making application, providing all information required by The City, and paying the application fee, deposit and any other sums required, there shall be a binding Utility Service agr eement between the customer and The City. The provisions of the app lication form and of this Bylaw shall constitute the terms and conditions of such agreement. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE 8 (1) The City is not obliged to supply Utility Services until the account holder has provided The City with access to th e premises to wh ich the Utilities are to be provided, so to enable The City to inspect the physical connections for such Utility and to obt ain an initial meter reading for each metered Utility Service. (2) No new Utility account will be opened fo r anyone who is already indebted to The City for Utility Services unl ess satisfactory arrangements for payment of the outstanding amount have been made. DEPOSITS 9 (1) No deposits are required to estab lish a Utility account, except in the following cases: (a) customers who are unable to establish or maintain creditworthiness satisfactory to The City; or

126 4 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (b) where payment of a Utility account in the name of the applicant is in arrears; or (c) where a Utility service to a pr operty owned or occupied by the applicant has been shut off for non-payment of the account; or (d) where a cheque received for paym ent of a Utility account in the name of the applicant has been retu rned marked "Not Sufficient Funds" or "Payment Stopped", or wit h other words indicating that the cheque has not been honoured; or (e) (f) where the applicant s Utility a ccount has been written off as a bad debt; or where collection proceedings, including legal action or referral to a collection agency, have been comm enced in respect of the applicant s previous Utility account; or (g) where the applicant has not main tained an existing or previous Utility account in good standing; or (h) in other similar situations, at the discretion of the Treasurer. (2) Before a new Utility account is opened, the applicant shall pay all amounts owed to The City for any other Utility accounts, and shall also provide a guarantee of payment in the form of a cash deposit, money order, or certified cheque in the amount set forth in Schedule D. Alternately, In the case of large industrial customers, The City may accept an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee from a financial institution. (3) Customers opening a new account due to a change of residence within the City shall, if a depos it was required for the applicant s previous account, be charged a deposit on the new account. (4) The Treasurer may waive the require ment for a deposit if the Treasurer is satisfied as to the creditworthiness of the applicant. (5) The City may apply a deposit to the balance outstanding under the customer s Utility account. INTEREST ON DEPOSITS 10 Interest on each customer s cash security deposit shall be calculated

127 5 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 annually and credited, not in advance, at the rate specified to be paid on security deposits under the Residential Tenancy Act, RSA 2000, Ch. R-17. REFUND OF DEPOSIT 11 When a customer has establis hed and maintained creditworthiness satisfactory to The City, or upon te rmination of the Ut ility contract, the deposit shall be refunded together with accrued interest, after deducting all charges outstanding, including the cost of shutting off or discontinuing any Utility Service for non-payment. SERVICE CHARGE 12 When a customer requests that The City attend at the property to which the Utility service is being supplied with respect to any matter relating to the supply of Utility services or the se rvicing of the same, and if for any reason whatsoever The City is unable to enter the said premises, or if the call is for failure of service not attri butable to The City, the customer shall pay a service charge fee as set forth in Schedule D. AFTER HOURS CALLS 13 The customer shall pay the applicabl e after hours fee as set forth in Schedule D for service calls after 4: 00 p.m. or before 7:30 a.m., Monday through Friday, or on a Saturday, Sunday, or statutory or civic holiday. The after hours fee shall also apply if a meter is required to be installed or connected, or should a Ut ility Service be required to be disconnected or reconnected during such times. DISCONNECTION 14 The customer shall pay a disconnec tion service charge as set forth in Schedule D where a service call is m ade to disconnect a Utility service at the request of the customer. RECONNECTION 15 The customer shall pay a reconnec tion service charge as set forth in Schedule D where a service call is made for the purpose of restoring discontinued services. WINTER INSTALLATION 16 The cost payable by the custom er for installing a service between

128 6 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 November 1 st of any year and May 15 of the following year shall be increased by the amount set forth in Schedule D. th UTILITY CHARGES AND PAYMENT OF UTILITY ACCOUNTS 17 (1) The rates and charges for Utility Services shall be those set out in the Schedules to this Bylaw or as otherwise established by resolution of Council from time to time. (2) All rates and charges shall be paid to The City within the time prescribed by this Bylaw. (3) The whole amount owing in a Utilit y account is due and payable on the due date stated on the Utility bill and the account will be deemed to be in arrears if payment is not made on or before the due date. A customer is responsible to pay the amounts owing in a Utility bill whether or not the customer has received it. (4) The City may discontinue the supply of all or any Utility services when a customer has not paid t he full Utility account on or before the due date. Utility services will not be reinstated unt il all arrears and charges owed to The City are paid, or until payment arrangements satisfactory to the Treasurer have been made. BILLING ERRORS 18 Where a customer has been charged le ss or more than they should have been charged for Utility Services pr ovided, The City will review the account and make corrections for the b illing errors for up to a maximum of 12 months prior to the date the error is discovered. Corrections will not be made for billing errors in respect of Utility Services provided more than one year prior to the date the billing error is discovered. LATE PAYMENT PENALTY 19 When the customer pays the utility account after the due date stated in the account (or after such other due date as may be approved by the Treasurer), whether the payment is made at a financial institution or directly to The City, the custom er shall pay a penalty on the overdue balance as set forth in Schedule D. NOVELTY PAYMENT METHODS 20 The City may refuse to accept a payment by way of a cheque drawn on a

129 7 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 form other than a bank cheque form (a Novelty Cheque), but where The City does so, the customer shall be liable for and pay to The City all charges and costs incurred to proce ss the Novelty Cheque. The City will follow the Bank of Canada rules and r egulations of currency acceptance limitations in respect of payment by cash. INTERIM UTILITY BILL 21 (1) Where The City has not measured the amount of a metered Utility service, it may issue an interim Utility bill based on estimated consumption and shall credit Utility accounts for all payments made by a customer against such interim bill. (2) Where any service rate or charge is designated by reference to a time certain, the charge for a lesser period of time shall be calculated on a proportionate basis. ENFORCEMENT 22 The Treasurer is authorized to collect all accounts owing to The City under this Bylaw, and may take any of the measures a municipality is authorized to take under the Municipal Government Act, RSA 2000, Chap M-26. APPEALS 23 A customer who feel s aggrieved in respect of rates charged to that customer under this Bylaw on the gr ounds that such rates are unfair, unreasonable or discriminatory, may appeal such rates to the Red Deer Appeal & Review Board by a notic e specifying the grounds of the complaint submitted in accordance wit h the provisions outlined in the Committees Bylaw. REASONABLE NOTICE 24 The City shall provide written notice to a customer of any breach of this Bylaw which may result in The City discontinuing Utility Services. Such notice shall be delivered at least 10 da ys prior to discontinuance of Utility Services and shall be sent to the customer as follows: (a) in the case of a customer w ho is known to be a tenant at the premises, the notice shall be sent to the address of the premises; and (b) in the case of a customer w ho owns the property, the notice shall

130 8 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 be sent to the address of the prem ises and the address provided in the application for service, if different. TERMINATION BY CUSTOMER 25 (1) A customer is responsible for all charges accruing to the customer s Utility account until such time as the custom er notifies The City that the account is to be closed, whether due to a change in the ownership or the occupancy of the property to which the Utilities are being supplied. (2) When a customer gives notice to The City that the customer s account is to be closed, The City shall obtain a fi nal reading of any meter as soon as reasonably practical and the customer shall be liable for and pay for all service supplied prior to such reading. The City may base the final charge for service on an estimated meter r eading which will be pr orated from the time of an actual meter reading. TERMINATION BY THE CITY UPON NOTICE 26 The City may discontinue the supply of any Utility Service for any of the following reasons, after notice has been given pursuant to Section 24: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) non-payment of any Utility accounts; inability of The City to obtain acce ss to premises to read or inspect any meter; failure or refusal of a customer to comply with any provision of this Bylaw; failure or refusal of a customer to comply with the provisions of any statute or regulation, including the Alberta Building Code; or in any other case provided for in this Bylaw. TERMINATION WITHOUT NOTICE 27 (1) The City may discontinue the suppl y of a Utility Service without prior notice for any of the following reasons: (a) (b) at the request of the account holder for discontinuance of service; failure by, or refusal of, a cust omer to comply with any order given by the Director under this Bylaw;

131 9 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (c) in any other case provided for in this Bylaw. (2) The City may discontinue the suppl y of the Water Utility Service without prior notice for any of the reasons lis ted above or for any of the following reasons: (a) (b) if the customer has caused, permitted or allowed any piping, fixture, fitting, container or other appliance to be or remain connected to the water supply system which allows or has the potential to allow water from a source other than the Wate r Utility or any ot her harmful or Deleterious liquid or substance to enter the Water Utility; failure by a customer to not ify The City within 24 hours after the seal on a bypass is broken; (c) failure by a customer to repai r or replace a Backflow Preventer within ninety-six (96) hours of being so directed by the Director; or (d) in the event of an emergency or water shortage as the Director deems necessary. TERMINATION DUE TO VACANT PREMISES 28 When the premises to which Utility Services is provided become vacant and no new application for servic e has been made, The City may terminate the contract and: (a) (b) disconnect the Utility Service; or in lieu of disconnecting the serv ice, open a new utility account in the name of the owner and charge the fee set forth in Schedule D to open the account. Nothing herein s hall prevent t he owner from requesting that The City disconnect such Utility Service provided the owner pays the service charge prescribed herein. AUTHORIZATION TO ENTER PREMISES TO TERMINATE SERVICE 29 (1) In accordance with the Municipal Go vernment Act, the Director may, after giving reasonable notice to the owner or occupier of the property, enter any property upon which a meter or s hut-off valve is situated for the purpose of terminating the supply of a Utility Service to that property, or for the purpose of supplying a Utility Service to that property.

132 10 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (2) The City may tow vehicles blocki ng Utility Service shut off valves and manholes and may charge the vehicle owner for the cost of the towing. SERVICE KILL 30 No person shall cause, permit or allow a building to be demolished or removed until Utility Services to the property are disconnected and any fee for such disconnection has been paid. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Director may, in circumstances whic h the Director considers appropriate, permit the service to remain connected to the Utility Service line or main. CONNECTION TO UTILITY SERVICE 31 (1) Within one year after a Utility Serv ice becomes available, the owner of every building situated on land abutting on any street in which there is a Water Main or a Wastewater Sewer, shall at the owner s expense connect such building to the water system and install sanitation facilities, where available, and connect the building to the Wastewater Sewer systems in accordance with the requirements and standards set out in the Alberta Building Code and elsewhere in this Bylaw. (2) The owner shall provide The City wit h a completed application in the form approved by the Director for a permit to make such connection. The application shall be supplemented by any plans, specifications, or other information required by the Director. (3) The owner of a parcel of land in respect of which no Offsite Levy for Water or Wastewater has been paid to The City, shall, in addition to the fees otherwise specified in this Bylaw, pay a connection fee as follows: (a) (b) (c) in the case of a single-family parcel, a fee in an amount equal to the current per hectare Offsite Levy charge for the Water and Wastewater services provided, mult iplied by the actual area of the parcel or 0.12 ha, whichever is less. where such a single-family parcel is subsequently subdivided and a new Water or Wastewater Service Connection is required for the subdivided parcel, the owner sha ll pay a separate connection fee for each subdivided parcel, in an am ount equal to the current per hectare Offsite Levy charge for the Water and Wastewater services provided, multiplied by the act ual area of the un-subdivided parcel less the area set out in subsection (a) above; in the case of a multi-family or non-residential parcel, a fee in an

133 11 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 amount equal to the curr ent per hectare Offsite Levy charge for the Water and Wastewater services provided, calculated on the area of the parcel in question. (4) The connection fee specified in s ubsection (3) above shall not apply to any parcel in respect of which The City has otherwise received or made arrangements to receive payment of an equivalent amount. (5) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Director shall have the discretion to extend the period of time within which the connection to the Water Main, or Wastewater Sewer must be made for such period of time as the Director considers is reasonable and subject to review every 5 years or less, provided that such extension of time is c onsistent with City policies and Council direction, and also provided that the failure to connect: (a) will not jeopardize the health or safety of the occupants of the building or of other City residents; (b) will not adversely affect the integr ity or operation of those utilities; and (c) will not present an undue risk of damage to property or the environment. (6) A person who has been directed to connect their building to a Utility Service shall have the right to appeal the direction to the Red Deer Appeal & Review Board by a notice submitt ed within 14 days of the date that the direction to connect has been served, in accordance with the provisions outlined in the Committees Bylaw. On hearing such appeal, the Board may vary, suspend or rescind such di rection on such terms as it deems appropriate. (7) At such time as the owner connects to a Utility Service, the owner shall also open a utility account and make pay ment of all application fees and deposits that may be required under this Bylaw. (8) No person may connect to a Utility Service until such time as payment has been made to The City by the property ow ner or prior owner in respect of the cost of construction of the Utilit y Service (including carrying charges) to serve the land owned or occupied by that person, or until such person has made other arrangements satisfactory to The City to pay that person s proportionate share of those costs. (9) No person shall uncover, make any connections with or opening into, use,

134 12 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 alter, or disturb any Water Mains, City Service Connections, Wastewater Sewer, Storm Water Sewer or appur tenances thereof, unless authorized by the Director. (10) All Water Mains, Wastewater Se wers, and Storm Water Sewers located within The City s property, right-of-way, or easement shall be constructed by The City s forces or its contractors and shall be maintained by The City. (11) All Private Service Connections, Wastewater Sewers, and Storm Water infrastructure and facilities on privat e property shall be constructed and maintained by the owner s forces at his expense in accordance with the requirements of this Bylaw and the Alberta Building Code. UTILITY CONNECTION EXCEPTIONS 32 (1) All owners of property fronting on 65 Avenue between 67 Street and Taylor Drive shall, prior to the hook-up of water, Storm Water, or Wastewater Sewer services, and as a condition of such services, pay of the following sums of money to The City, namely: (a) a sum equal to the off-site water charges, Storm Water, or Wastewater Sewer levy based on the ra te in force as of the date of the water, Storm Water or Wastewater Sewer connections established under The City s Off-Site Levy Bylaw; and (b) the estimated cost of the construction of small diameter Water Main and hydrants, Storm Water, or Wastewater Sewers and manholes and all appurtenances thereto, constructed along and in 65 Avenue between 67 Street and Tayl or Drive, distributed on the assessable frontage along 65 Avenue and pro-rated to the owner based on the frontage of the owner's land as it relates to the total assessable frontage aforesaid. All such cost s shall be calculated as at the current City costs in force as of the date of hooki ng up the water, Storm Water, or Sewer service to the owner's property. ABANDONED BUILDING SEWER CONNECTIONS 33 When any Wastewater or Storm Water Private Sewer Connection is abandoned, the owner of the property shall effectively block up the connection at a suitable location wit hin their property to prevent Wastewater or Storm Water from backing up into the soil or from dirt being washed into the City Sewer Connection.

135 13 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 SAMPLING AND MONITORING 34 (1) Where sampling is required fo r the purposes of determining the concentration of constituents in the Wastewater or Storm Water, the sample may: (a) (b) be collected manually or by usin g an automatic sampling device; and contain additives for its preservation. (2) For the purpose of determining co mpliance with this Bylaw, discrete Wastewater or Storm Water streams within premises may be sampled, at the discretion of the Inspector. (3) The owner or operator of any indus trial, commercial or Institutional premises or multi-storey residential building shall at all times ensure that every Monitoring Access Point as requir ed by this Bylaw is accessible to the Inspector for the purposes of observing, sampling and flow measurement. (4) Any single Grab Sample may be used to determine compliance with any provision of this Bylaw. (5) All tests, measurements, analyses and examinations of Wastewater or Storm Water, its characteristics or contents pursuant to this Bylaw shall be carried out in accordance with St andard Methods and be performed by a laboratory accredited for analysis of t he particular substance(s) using a method which is within t he laboratory s scope of accreditation or to the satisfaction of the Inspector as agreed in writing prior to sample analysis. (6) The following businesses require Sampling Ports when it is not possible to install a Monitoring Access Point: (a) (b) (c) dental offices; businesses using photographic processing equipment; or any other businesses deemed necessary by the Inspector. SPILLS 35 (1) In the event of a Spill on the ground or to a Wastewater and/or Storm Water sewers, the person responsible for the Spill or the person having

136 14 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 the charge, management and control of the Spill shall immediately notify and provide any requested information with regard to the Spill to: (a) (b) 911 emergency if there is any immediate danger to human health and/or safety; or if there is no immediate danger: (i) The City by contacting the En vironmental Services Source Control 24 Hour # ; (ii) the owner of the premises where the release occurred; and (iii) any other person whom the person reporting knows or ought to know may be directly affected by the release. (2) Thereafter, that person shall prov ide a detailed report on the Spill to The City, within five working days afte r the Spill, containing the following information to the best of their knowledge: (a) name and telephone number of t he person who reported the Spill and the location and time where they can be contacted; (b) location where Spill occurred; dat e and time of Spill; material spilled; characteristics and composit ion of material spilled; volume of material spilled; duration of Spill event; (c) (d) work completed and any work still in progress in the mitigation of the Spill; preventive actions being taken to ensure a similar Spill does not occur again; and copies of co mpleted Spill prevention and Spill response plan. (3) The person responsible for the Spill and the person having the charge, management and control of the Sp ill shall do everything reasonably possible to contain the Spill, protect the health and safety of citizens, minimize damage to property, protec t the environment, clean up the Spill and contaminated residue, and restore the affected area to its condition prior to the Spill. (4) Nothing in this Bylaw relieves any persons from complying with any notification or reporting provisions of: (a) other government agencies, including federal and provincial agencies, as required and appropriate for the material and circumstances of the Spill; or

137 15 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (b) any other Bylaw of The City. (5) The City may invoice the person res ponsible for the Spill to recover all costs arising as a result of the Sp ill and such person shall pay the costs invoiced. (6) The City may require the person re sponsible for the Spill to prepare and submit a Spill contingency plan to indica te how risk of future incidents will be reduced and how future incidents will be addressed. POWER AND AUTHORITY OF INSPECTORS 36 (1) An Inspector or other designated officer of The City may in accordance with this Bylaw and the Municipal Government Act: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) enter upon all properties for the purpose of inspection, observation, measurement, sampling and test ing in accordance with the provisions of this Bylaw. take samples of Wastewater, Storm Water, clear-water waste and Subsurface Water being released from the premises or flowing within a private drainage system; perform on-site testing of the Wastewater, Storm Water, clear-water waste and Subsurface Water within or being released from private drainage systems, Pre-treatment facilities and Storm Water management facilities; make inspections of the types and quantities of chemicals being handled or used on the premises in re lation to possible release to a drainage system or watercourse; require information from any person, inspect and copy documents or remove documents from premis es to make copies, concerning any potential violation of this bylaw; inspect chemical storage areas and Spill containment facilities and request Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for materials stored or used on site; (g) inspect the premises where a re lease of prohibited or restricted wastes or of water containing prohi bited or restricted wastes has been made or is suspected of having been made, and to sample

138 16 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 any or all matter that in their release. opinion could have been part of the (2) Where an inspection discloses any fa ilure, omission, or neglect respecting any Utility Service upon the customer's premises, or discloses any defect in the location, construction, design or maintenance of any facility or any connection there from to the Utility Service, the person making such inspection shall, in writing, notif y the customer, owner, proprietor or occupier to rectify the cause of complaint within a reasonable time as determined by the Director. Such not ified person shall within the time limited rectify such cause of complaint stated in the notice. (3) No person shall hinder or prevent t he Inspector or designated officer of The City from carrying out any of their powers or duties. (4) The City may serve any person who is in violation of any provision of this Bylaw with written notice stating the nature of t he violation and requiring the satisfactory correction thereof within 48 hours, or within such additional time as required by this By law or as determined by the Director. Such person shall, within the time st ated in such notice, permanently cease all violations. OFFENCES AND PENALTIES 37 (1) Any person who: (a) breaches any of the following sections of this Bylaw: (i) Section 31, Connection to Utility Service; (ii) Section 35, Spills; (iii) Section 74, Prohibited Disposal of Wastewater; (iv) Section 80, Storm Wate r / Ground Water Discharge to Wastewater Sewer; (v) Section 81, Prohibited Substances in Wastewater; (vi) Section 83 (3), Overstrength Surcharge; (vii) Section 85, Dental Waste Amalgam Separator; (viii) Section 86, Grease, Oil, & Solids Interception; (ix) Section 87 (2), Customer Self-Monitoring; (x) Section 91, Hauled Wastewater; (xi) Section 98, Prohibited Storm Water Sewer Use; (xii) Section 99 (1), Discharge of Prohibited Substances; or (xiii) Section 114, Hazardous Wa ste, Dangerous Goods, Special Waste;

139 17 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (b) fails to act in compliance and accordance with any notice given under this Bylaw; (c) (d) (e) (f) obstructs an Inspector; releases Wastewater improperly; discharges water, without a permi t, to the Wastewater or Storm Water Sewer systems that was not provided by The City; or knowingly makes false statements, records, reports, plans or other documents filed or required to be maintained pursuant to this Bylaw, or falsifies, tampers wit h or knowingly renders inaccurate any monitoring device or method required under this Bylaw shall be guilty of an offence and upon summary conviction shall be liable to pay court costs plus a penalty of: (i) (ii) (iii) $1,000 for the first occurrence of such offence; $2,500 per occurrence for any subsequent occurrence; and in default of payment of the penalty, to imprisonment for up to 6 months. (2) Any person who breeches any other pr ovision of this Bylaw shall be guilty of an offence and upon summary convic tion shall be liable to pay court costs plus a penalty of: (a) (b) $100 for the first occurrence of such offence; $500 per occurrence for any subsequent occurrence of the offence; and (c) in default of payment of t he penalty, imprisonment for up to 30 days. (3) Where a person commits a breach of this Bylaw which is of an on-going and continuing nature, he shall be liable to a fine of $2,500 per day or part thereof during which such offence occurs or continues. (4) A Peace Officer or Bylaw Enfo rcement Officer who has reasonable grounds to believe that a person has contravened any provision of this Bylaw, may serve upon such pers on an offence ticket allowing the

140 18 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 payment of the specified penalty to The City which payment will constitute a guilty plea and shall be accepted by T he City in lieu of prosecution for the offence. PART 3 - WATER UTILITY WATER SERVICE BILLING RATES 38 (1) A Water Utility customer shall pay the amounts specified in this Bylaw and in Schedules B and D for all water supplied and Water Utility services provided. (2) The Director shall determine which rate in Schedule B and D shall apply to any particular customer. (3) The rate payable by a customer as set out in Schedule B of this Bylaw for all water supplied shall be determined by reference to the size and the reading of the water meter supplied to each customer. (4) Where a Remote Reading Device is installed in addition to the water meter, the water meter shall be used to determine the official reading. CONNECTION TO CITY WATER SUPPLY 39 In the case of a new Private Service Connection to a City Service Connection that is 38 mm or larger in diameter, the customer shall provide, at the customer s expense, proof of satisfactory bacteriological test results (as per ANSI/AWWA C ) for the service, from a laboratory accredited to perform such tests by the Province of Alberta. CONTINUOUS WATER SUPPLY NOT GUARANTEED 40 (1) The City does not guarantee the pre ssure nor the continuous supply of water and The City reserves the right at any and all times without notice to change operating water pressures and to s hut off water. The City and its officers, employees and agents shall not be liable for any damages of any kind due to changes in water pressure, the shutting off of water, or by reason of the water containing sediments, deposits or other foreign matter. (2) Customers depending upon a continuous and uninterrupted supply or pressure of water or having proc esses or equipment that require particularly clear or pure water sha ll provide such facilities as they consider necessary to ensure a c ontinuous and uninterrupted supply or pressure or quality of water required for their use.

141 19 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 INSPECTION OF PREMISES 41 (1) The City may inspect the premises of a customer who applies to The City for the supply of water in order to determine if it is advisable to supply water to such customer. (2) The City may, with the permission of the customer, inspect the premises of the customer in order to do any tests on water piping or fixtures belonging to such customer so as to determine if this Bylaw is being complied with and in the event that such customer fails or refuses to give such permission, the supply of water to that customer may be shut off. WATER USE RESTRICTIONS 42 (1) The Director may, at such times and for such lengths of time as the Director considers necessary or advisable, regulate, restrict or prohibit the use of water for use other than hum an consumption. The Director may cause the water supply to any customer who causes, permits or allows irrigation, wastage, exterior washing, or other non-human consumption in contravention of any such regulation, restriction or prohibition to be shut off until the customer undertakes to abide by and comply with such regulation, restriction or prohibition. (2) No customer shall operate, use, interfere with, obstruct or impede access to the Water Utility Service or any portion thereof in any manner not expressly permitted by this Bylaw, in default of which the Director may cause the water being supplied to such customer to be shut off until such customer complies with all of the provisions of this Bylaw. WASTAGE 43 (1) No customer shall cause, permit or allow the discharge of water so that it runs waste or useless, whether by reason of leakage from Private Service Connection, a faulty plumbing system or otherwise. (2) Notwithstanding the foregoing, t he Director may under such condition as the Director may consider reasonable allow water discharge for the purposes of: (a) the installation and maintenance of infrastructure, including the flushing of Water Mains, hydrant leads and City Service Connections to prevent stagnation and/or to remove Deleterious materials;

142 20 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (b) (c) (d) (e) preventing the freezing of Water Mains, hydrants leads, irrigation systems and services connections; conducting water flow tests; fire fighting and associated training programs; or other purposes as deemed necessary by the Director. REQUIREMENT TO USE LOW-FLOW PLUMBING FIXTURES 44 (1) Any person installing plumbing fixtur es for any new construction or renovation project that requires a plumbing permit for a residential, commercial, industrial, or Institutional structure shall install only Low-flow Plumbing Fixtures. (2) The requirements of subsection (1) s hall not apply to plumbing facilities installed for safety or emergency purposes including emergency safety showers and face / eye wash stations. USE OF WATER 45 (1) No customer shall: (a) sell water supplied hereunder; (b) use or apply any water to the us e or benefit of others or to any other than the customer s own use and benefit; (c) (d) increase the usage of wate r beyond that agreed upon with The City; or extract or remove any water from any hydrant within the City; without first obtaining written permissi on from the Director and subject to such reasonable conditions as the Director may impose with respect to the quantity, price and times of withdrawal of the water so used. (2) During such periods as the Cit y Manager may designate by notice published in a newspaper in the City, (a) no customer shall use, permit, or allow to be used, any water supplied to any premises, t he numerical address of which

143 21 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (excluding street name) ends in odd number, for vehicle washing, lawn watering or other irrigation purposes on any day of the month which is an even number; (b) no customer shall use, permit, or allow to be used any water supplied to any premises, t he numerical address of which (excluding street name) ends in an even number for vehicle washing, lawn watering, or other irrigation purposes, on any day of the month which is an odd number; (3) During such period as The City by notice published in a newspaper may designate, no customer shall use, pe rmit, or allow to be used, any water supplied to any premises for vehicl e washing, lawn watering or other irrigation purposes. INVESTIGATION INTO WATER SUPPLY SERVICE FAILURE 46 (1) Any customer that notifies The City of a failure or interruption of water supply, the investigation of which nec essitates the excavating of a street shall, prior to excavating, deposit wit h the Treasurer the costs thereof as estimated by the Director, or sign a work order, agreeing to pay such costs, at the discretion of the Director. (2) If such failure or interruption was caused by the City Service Connection the customer shall not be liable for such costs and any deposit paid shall be refunded. (3) If such failure or interruption was caused by the Private Service, the actual cost of such work shall be paid by the customer and the deposit shall be applied thereto; any excess shall be refunded to the customer and any deficiency shall be collected in the same manner as water rates. PRESSURE SURGES 47 No customer shall cause, permit or allow any apparatus fitting or fixture to be or remain connected to the custom er s water supply or to be operated which causes pressure surges or other disturbances which may in the opinion of the Director, result in damage to other cust omers or to the Water Utility Service. CONTAMINATION 48 No customer shall cause, permit or allow to be or remain connected to the customer s water supply system any pipi ng, fixture, fitti ng, container or

144 22 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 other appliance which may cause wate r from a source other than the Water Utility Service or any liquid or substance to enter the Water Utility Service. The Director may cause t he water supply to any customer contravening the provisions of this se ction to be shut o ff provided that the Director shall, if the Director considers it practicable so to do, give notice to such customer prior to such wa ter supply being shut off. The water supply to such customer shall not be restored until such customer has paid to The City all costs associated with the shutting off of the water supply, the cleanup of contamination and the remedying of the customer's default under this section. MEASUREMENT BY METER 49 All water supplied by The City to a customer shall be measured by a meter unless otherwise provided for in this Bylaw. METER INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 50 (1) Customers who require the installation of more than one meter shall pay a fee as set forth in Schedule D for each additional meter. (2) The City may change a customer s me ter(s) with notice given pursuant to Section 24. INSTALLATION RESPONSIBILITY 51 (1) Water meters supplied by The Cit y which are 50 millimet res in size or smaller shall be installed by The City with no direct charge to the customer. (2) Water meters supplied by The City which are larger than 50 millimetres in size shall be installed at the expense of the customer. (3) The customer shall provide for the installation of a water meter to the satisfaction of the Director and when required shall inst all a properly valved bypass. (4) For water meter installation within a building, the customer shall provide a suitable site for such installation near a main shut off, to the satisfaction of the Director and in accordance with the City of Red Deer Design Guidelines. (5) The customer shall ensure that employees or agents of The City have clear access to meter areas and wate r meters for meter testing and

145 23 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 reading purposes. (6) Unless the Director otherwise approves, The City shall not be obligated to supply more than one water meter for any one building. If additional water meters are approved, a separate cu rb stop will be required for each additional water meter. (7) A separate water meter shall be installed for each of the two dwelling units contained within a duplex residential building and a separate curb stop will be required for each water meter. (8) Any customer whose water is not metered, or whose meter is not positioned to the satisfaction of the Dir ector, shall make proper provision for a meter to be installed or the me ter to be moved as the case may be, all costs of which shall be paid by the customer. METER CHAMBER 52 When in the opinion of the Director, the premises to be supplied with water are too far from the City Service Connection to conveniently install a meter in the premises, or if a number of buildings are to be so supplied or for any other reason in the opinion of the Directo r, then the customer shall, at the customer s sole cost, construct and ma intain a container for a meter and such container shall in all respects including location, construction size, access and otherwise howsoever be satisfactory to the Director. METER SIZE 53 The size of the meters shall be determined as follows: (a) if the internal diameter of t he Private Service is 25 millimetres or less, a 16 millimetre meter shall be used; or (b) if the internal diameter of the Private Service exceeds 25 millimetres, the size of the mete r shall be one size smaller than the size of the Private Service; or (c) if the Private Service is a Comb ined Service, the internal diameter of the Private Service branch to be used for purposes other than fire protection shall determine the meter size as set out in subsections (a) and (b) of this section. BYPASSES

146 24 Bylaw No. 3464/ Any customer having a water meter 50 m illimetres in size or larger shall at the customer s own expense construc t and maintain a properly valved bypass satisfactory to the Director which bypass shall be sealed by The City and shall be opened by the customer only in case of emergency. The customer shall notify The City within 24 hours after the seal on the bypass is broken, failing which the Director may cause the water supply to such customer to be shut off until sati sfactory arrangements have been made for the calculation of and payment fo r water supplied and not recorded on the meter. METER VALVING 55 Any customer having a meter smaller than 50 millimetres in size shall, at the customer s sole cost and expense, supply and maintain valves on both sides of and within 300 millimetres of the meter. PROTECTION OF METER 56 (1) The customer shall provide adequate protection for the meter supplied by The City and any associated valves or pipes against freezing, heat or any other internal or external damage of any kind which may affect the operation of the water meter or mete rs, failing which the customer shall pay to The City all costs associated with the repair of such meter or associated valves & pipes which amount shall be recoverable in the same manner as all other costs and charges provided for under this Bylaw. (2) No person other than an author ized City employee shall remove, disconnect, reconnect or tamper with a meter. (3) The customer shall notify the Dir ector immediately whenever a water meter is not operating or if any part of a meter becomes damaged or broken. (4) The customer is responsible for t he safe keeping of any water meter and any Remote Reading Device that is installed on the customer s premises. (5) The customer shall pay the cost of repairing or replacing any water meter or metering accessories supplied and in stalled by The City that may be damaged from any causes or any other cause within the control of the owner. (6) The customer shall notify the Direc tor within 24 hours if the seal on the bypass valve or a water meter is broken for emergency purposes or any other purpose.

147 25 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 NON-REGISTERING METER 57 (1) If, upon the reading of a meter, it is determined that the meter has failed to accurately record the consumption of the Utility Service supplied then the consumption will be estimated upon such basis that the Director considers to be fair and equitable and the account rendered pursuant to Section 18. (2) Where it has been determined by The Cit y that the meter is not accurately recording the consumption of a Utilit y Service, The City may enter the premises to replace the meter, on notice to the customer pursuant to Section 24. TESTING OR CALIBRATION OF DISPUTED METERS 58 (1) A customer who disputes a meter r eading shall give written notice to The City. (2) Following receipt of written notic e; the water meter situated on the customer's premises s hall be tested or calibrated by a qualified person designated by the Director. If the mete r is found to be accurate within 98.5% to 101.5% of the water passing through it, the expense of such test or calibration shall be borne by the cust omer in the amou nt designated in Schedule D. (3) If the meter is found not accurate wit hin the above limits it shall forthwith be repaired or be replaced by one t hat is accurate and the expense thereof shall be borne by The City. (4) If a meter is found not to be accura te within the aforesaid limits then any meter handling and testing fees paid by the customer shall be refunded, and the billings adjusted. (5) Where an examination of past mete r readings or other information does not disclose the time at which the meter error commenced, then the meter error shall be deemed to have commenced three months prior to the date the meter was tested or from the dat e upon which the meter was installed, whichever is less. METER READING 59 (1) A customer shall permit The City to perform meter reading using automated monitoring equipment.

148 26 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (2) The City shall endeavour to read the meters of non-residential customers once every month and to read the mete rs of residential customers once every two months, or at such ot her intervals as are reasonable and practicable under the circumstances. If The City cannot gain access safely to read the meter as afores aid, the consumpt ion of the Utility Service shall be estimated upon such bas is as the Treasurer considers to be fair and equitable and the account re ndered in accordance with such estimate. Each meter shall be read at least once per year and if such reading cannot be obtained, The City may discontinue any or all Utility Services supplied to the premises, unt il such time as The City is able to obtain an actual meter reading. (3) The Director may shut off the water supply to a customer who refuses to provide a water meter reading or acce ss to perform a water meter reading after notice has been given pursuant to Section 24. (4) The customer shall ensure that acce ss to the meter is safe, well lit, and free of hazards to the person reading the meter. (5) The City may require a water meter to be either tested on site or removed for testing by a person authorized by The City at any time. The City may discontinue any or all Utilit y Services supplied to the premises until such time as a person authorized by The Cit y is able to obtain access to test the meter or remove it for testing. ADDITIONAL METER READS 60 When a customer requests a mete r reading at a time other than the regular scheduled time for meter readi ng, the customer may be assessed a fee as set forth in Schedule D for su ch reading. Provided, however, if upon such reading, it is determined that the previous billed meter reading is incorrect, no fee shall be required. PRIVATE SERVICES 61 All persons doing any work or serv ice upon a Private Service or the plumbing system attached to it shall comply with the provisions of the Alberta Building Code and any applicable bylaws. A Private Service shall be buried to a depth of at least 2.7 metres to prevent freezing. USE OF GROUNDWATER WELLS 62 Once a parcel of land is connec ted to City Water Service, any groundwater wells within such property must be abandoned unless

149 27 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 otherwise approved in writ ing by the Director. Such approval would be subject to cross-connection contro l, flow measurement and periodic inspection, as stipulated by the Director. FIRE PROTECTION SERVICE 63 (1) A Fire Line shall be used only for fire protection purposes and a water line which provides combined domestic service and Fire Line service shall not be installed without the prior approval of the Fire Chief. (2) The Director shall determine whether or not a meter shall be affixed to a Fire Line. If required, the meter shall be supplied and installed in a manner satisfactory to the Director at the customer s expense. FIRE HYDRANTS 64 (1) Unless authorized by the Director, no person shall: (a) (b) (c) open or close any fire hydrant or valve; connect any device of any kind to a fire hydrant, including a pipe, hose, fixture, or appliance; or use water from a fire hydrant, r egardless of whether that hydrant is located on private or public property, for any purpose other than fire protection. (2) All fire hydrants are to be number ed and painted to The City s standard. The City may provide this servic e upon request, as per the rates in Schedule D. This information can be provided upon request to the Environmental Services Department. (3) No owner or occupant of a parcel or premises shall allow the access to a fire hydrant located on or adjacent to that parcel or premises to be obstructed in any manner, whether by the building or erection of any structure or the accumulation of any building material, rubbish or other obstruction. (4) No owner or occupant of a parcel or premises shall allow anything on the parcel or premises to in terfere with the operation of a fire hydrant located on or adjacent to that parcel or premises. (5) All persons who own property on whic h a fire hydrant is located or own property which is adjacent to City ow ned property on which a fire hydrant

150 28 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 is located shall: (a) (b) (c) (d) maintain a one (1) metre clearance on each side of a fire hydrant; not permit anything to be construc ted, erected, or placed within the clearance area; not permit anything except grass to be planted within the clearance area; and maintain visibility of hydrants from the nearest access road. PERMIT TO USE WATER FROM A FIRE HYDRANT 65 (1) The Director may authorize the use of a fire hydrant and the use of water from a fire hydrant on a temporary basis where no other supply of water can reasonably be obtained. (2) The Director will, as a condition for the use of a fire hydrant and the use of water from a fire hydrant, require that the water pass through a water meter and backflow prevention device prior to use. (3) Any person authorized to use a fire hydrant shall obtain a hydrant connection permit from The City and ensure that a copy of such permit is kept with the persons utilizing the hydrant and they must produce the hydrant connection permit to an em ployee or agent of The City immediately upon demand. TEMPORARY WATER SERVICE 66 Any persons requiring a temporary water supply during the course of construction shall apply to The City and shall pay the sums required in Schedule B and D, which may include in stallation and removal of service water meter and Backflow Preventer and water consumption charges. THAWING SERVICES 67 (1) The cost of thawing a frozen service shall be borne as follows: (a) by the customer if the Private Service or the plumbing system connected thereto is frozen, as determined by the Director; (b) by the customer if the City Serv ice Connection is frozen as a result of the negligence of the customer, as determined by the Director;

151 29 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (c) by The City if the City Servic e Connection is frozen for any other reason, as determined by the Director. (2) If the Director is of the opinion that a Private Service or plumbing system has frozen without any negligence on the part of the customer or any other person for whose negligence the custom er is responsible, the Director may waive the cost of one thawi ng during any one winter season which shall be deemed to run from November 1 st to May 15 th. (3) The City shall not thaw a Private Service or plumbing system unless the customer shall first have signed an acknowledgement recognizing that thawing may be inherently dangerous to property including Private Service or plumbing system and may cause dam age to electrical systems or the outbreak of fire and waiving any cl aim against The City for any such damage whatsoever except damage c aused by the negligence of The City. SERVICE SIZE 68 The size of the service requir ed for residential purposes shall be determined in accordance with the Alber ta Building Code, provided that The City shall not install a service having a size smaller than 25 mm. BOILERS 69 In any case where a steam boiler or equipment of a nature similar to that of a steam boiler is supplied directly from a service, su ch boiler or other equipment shall be equipped with at least one safety valve, vacuum valve or other device sufficient to prevent the collapse or explosion thereof in the event the water supply thereto is shut off. REQUESTED WATER SHUT OFF 70 (1) No person shall turn a water Serv ice Valve on or off except as authorized by the Director. (2) No owner of a parcel or premises shall allow a water Service Valve to be turned on or off except as authorized by the Director. (3) If a customer requires the supply of water to be shut off for their own purposes, the customer shall submit a request to the Director and pay The City the amount specified in Schedule D.

152 30 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 BACKFLOW PREVENTER 71 (1) Where in the opinion of the Director, the conf iguration of any water connection creates a high risk for cont amination to the water system, the customer, upon being given notice by t he Director, shall install on their water service an approved Backflow Prev enter at the customer s sole cost. (2) No customer or other person sha ll connect, cause to be connected, or allow to remain connected to the wate r system any piping, fixture, fittings, container or appliance, in a manner which under any circumstances, may allow contaminated or Polluted Water, Wastewater, or any other liquid, chemical or substance to enter the domestic water system. (3) If a condition is found to exist which is contrary to subsection (2), the Director may issue such order or orders to the customer as may be required to obtain compliance with subsection (2). (4) Where in the opinion of the Director, the configuration of any water connection creates a high risk of cont amination to the water system, the customer, upon being given notice by the Director, shall install an approved Backflow Preventer at all identified sources of potential contamination. (5) All Backflow Preventers shall be in spected and tested at the expense of the customer, upon installa tion, and thereafter annually, or more often if required by the Director; by personnel approved by the Director to carry out such tests, to demonstrate t hat the device is in good working condition. The customer shall submit a report in a form approved by the Director for all tests performed on a Ba ckflow Preventer within thirty (30) days of a test and a record card issued by the Director shall be displayed on or adjacent to the Backf low Preventer. The test er shall record thereon the name and address of the owner of the device; the location, type, manufacturer, serial number and size of the device; and the test date, the tester's initials, the tester's name (i f self employed) or the name of the testers employer and the tester's license number. (6) When the results of a test referr ed to in subsection (5) show that a Backflow Preventer is not in good working condition, the customer shall, when so directed by the Director, repair or replace the device within ninety-six (96) hours. If the customer fails to co mply with the direction given, The City may shut off the water service or water services. (7) If a customer fails to have a Backf low Preventer tested, the Director may

153 31 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 notify the customer that the Backflow Preventer must be tested within ninety-six (96) hours of the customer receiving the notice. (a) if a customer fails to have a Backflow Preventer tested within the time provided in subsection (5), the Director may cause the water service or water services to be terminated until the Backflow Preventer has been tested and approved as required by Section 71 of this Bylaw. (8) No person shall turn on a water Service Valve to provide water to the occupants of any newly renovated, constructed, or reconstructed premises until the plumbing system in such pr emises has been inspected for Cross Connections and approved by the Inspections and Licensing Manager. (9) No persons other than those who have achieved journeyman or Certificate of Competency in an accredited program of Alberta may conduct the tests on Backflow Preventers. PART 4 - WASTEWATER UTILITY WASTEWATER UTILITY SERVICE LEVY AND BILLING RATES 72 The City hereby levies on all per sons owning or occupying property connected with The City s Wastewater Sewer system a fixed Wastewater charge plus a variable charge based on the volume of Wastewater contributed by the customer, to be paid monthly as determined by the Director calculated using the rates set forth in Schedule C. WASTEWATER CONNECTION EXCEPTIONS 73 Notwithstanding Section 72, the Director shall have the right to make special agreements on terms fixed by the Director with certain industries or others to whom large quantities of water are sold but whose uses of such water do not involve the re turn of comparable amounts of Wastewater to The City's Wastewater Sewer system. PROHIBITED DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER 74 (1) No person shall place, deposi t, dump or permit Wastewater, dangerous goods, or any other waste, to be deposited in any manner upon public or private property within the City or in any area under the jurisdiction of The City. (2) No person shall discharge to any wa tercourse within the City or to any

154 32 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 area under the jurisdiction of The City, any Wastewater, Industrial Waste, Dangerous Goods, or Polluted Waters, except where suitable pretreatment is provided. (3) Except as permitted by this Bylaw or the Alberta Building Code, no person shall construct or maintain in the Cit y any privy or pit toilet, septic tank, cesspool, or other facility intended or us ed for the collection or disposal of Wastewater. CLEANOUTS 75 A Building Sewer that is connect ed to a Wastewater Sewer shall be equipped with a main Cleanout with a minimum diameter of 100 mm located not more than 25 m from property line. The main Cleanout shall be located as close as practical to t he point where the Wastewater Sewer leaves the building and in such a manner that the op ening is readily accessible and has sufficient clearance (2 metres) for effective rodding and cleaning. The building Wastewater Sewer from Cleanout to property line is to be as straight as possi ble. A maximum of one 45 bend is permitted for the Cleanout and a maximum of one additional 45 bend may be used between the Cleanout and proper ty line. Total angle of all bends shall not exceed 90. BACKFLOW VALVES 76 All Wastewater plumbing fixtures and floor drains set below the highest level of the ground surface adjacent to the premises sh all be protected from backflow by an approved Wastewater Backflow Valve. PLUGGED WASTEWATER SEWERS 77 (1) When a Sewer blockage occurs, a cu stomer shall first contact a private plumbing firm to determine whether the blockage is in the Private Sewer Connection or the City Sewer Connection. (2) Plumbers may bill The City at t he rates identified in Schedule D if blockages occur on The City s property. (3) The private plumbing firm shall notify The City within three hours when unable to clear a blockage on City property. TREES AND ROOTS 78 (1) No deep rooting trees such as willow, poplar or elm are to be planted over

155 33 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 building Wastewater Sewer lines on private property. (2) If it is determined that a blockage in a Private Sewer Connection is caused by a tree located on private property then The City shall have no obligation to clear the blockage. (3) If it is determined that a blockage in a Private Sewer Connection is caused by a tree located on City property, The City will clear the blockage and either place the Sewer on a root-c utting maintenance program to ensure that the roots are kept clear, re-line the Sewer pipe, or remove the tree at The City s expense. (4) If it is determined that a blockage in the City Sewer Connection or any other part of The City s Wastewater Sewer system is caused by tree roots extending from trees loca ted on private property, The City will, at the owner s expense, clear the blockage and either place the Sewer on a rootcutting maintenance program, re-line the Sewer pipe, or remove the tree(s). CONNECTION TO WASTEWATER SEWER 79 No weeping tile, sump pump or eavestrough downspout system shall be connected to any Wastewater Sewer unless approved in writing by the Director. STORM WATER / GROUND WATER DISCHARGE TO WASTEWATER SEWER 80 No person shall discharge, or c ause to be discharged, Storm Water, surface water, ground water, roof run-off, subsurface drainage, or Cooling Water to any Wastewater Sewer, unless: (a) upon the application of the custom er the Director determines that exceptional conditions prevent compliance with the foregoing provisions and authorizes such discharge; and (b) the discharge is in accor dance with a validated Wastewater Discharge Dewatering Permit. PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES IN WASTEWATER 81 No person shall discharge or permit to be discharged into any Wastewater Sewer: (a) any solid or viscous substance capable of causing obstruction, or

156 34 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 other interference with the operat ion of the Wastewater system, including Dangerous Goods, Hazardous Waste, Biological Waste, Combustible Waste, Biomedical Waste, Reactive Waste, elemental mercury, prescription or ill egal drugs, PCBs, Pesticides, Radioactive Materials, ashes, cinder s, sand, potters clay, resin, mud, straw, metal, glass, rags, f eathers, tar, plastics, wood, grass clippings, insoluble shavings, asphalt, creosote, bone, hide, eggshells, meat and fat trimmings or waste, baking dough, chemical residues, spent grai n and hops, whole food, garbage, paint residues, cat box litter, ani mal tissues, manure, blood, or Sharps; (b) Wastewater having a ph lower than 6.0 or higher than 10.5, or having any other corrosive proper ty capable of causing damage or hazard to structures, equipmen t, and Wastewater treatment processes; (c) Wastewater containing substances in concentrations exceeding the following: (i) Antimony 1.0 mg/l (ii) Arsenic 1.0 mg/l (iii) Barium 3.0 mg/l (iv) Boron 1.0 mg/l (v) Cadmium 0.05 mg/l (vi) Chromium 1.0 mg/l (vii) Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 0.02 mg/l (viii) Copper 0.5 mg/l (ix) Cyanide 1.0 mg/l (x) Lead 1.0 mg/l (xi) Manganese 1.0 mg/l (xii) Mercury 0.1 mg/l (xiii) Nickel 0.5 mg/l (xiv) Phenolic Compounds 0.1 mg/l (xv) Selenium 1.0 mg/l (xvi) Silver 1.0 mg/l (xvii) Sulphide 1.0 mg/l (xviii) Zinc 1.0 mg/l (xix) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 4,800 mg/l (xx) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 4,800 mg/l (xxi) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 9,600 mg/l (xxii) Total Phosphorus 150 mg/l (xxiii) Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 400 mg/l (xxiv) Oil and Grease - animal, vegetable 500 mg/l

157 35 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (xxv) Oil and Grease - synthetic hydrocarbon (xxvi) Phosphates 50 mg/l 100 mg/l (d) (e) (f) (g) Wastewater containing hydr ogen sulphide, carbon disulphide, reduced sulphur compounds, amines or ammonia; Wastewater containing dyes or colouring materials which may or could pass through a Wastewater tr eatment plant and discolour the Wastewater effluent; Wastewater above 75 degrees Celsius; any substance which: (i) (ii) is or may become harmful to any recipient water course or collection system or part thereof or will cause a violation or noncompliance event in the O perating Approval for the Wastewater Treatment Plant; may interfere wit h the proper operation or maintenance of the Wastewater system, dispos al of biosolids, or any Wastewater treatment proc ess or cause damage to the Wastewater Works or Wastewater treatment plant; (iii) grit removed from comme rcial or industrial premises including but not limited to grit removed from car washing establishments, automobile gar ages and restaurant Sumps or from Interceptors; (iv) will be discharged in layers or will form layers upon interaction with other Wastewater; DISCHARGE OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES 82 (1) Any person responsible for or aware of the discharge of prohibited substances in the Wastewater system shall immediately report to the Director in order that the necessary precautions can be taken to minimize the Deleterious effects of the disc harge. Such person must also make other required reports to Alberta Environment and any other governing body. (2) If testing of Wastewater shows that it is noncompliant wit h this Bylaw, the Director may direct the customer to comply with the Bylaw and may, in addition, direct the customer at its expense to install such monitoring and

158 36 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 recording equipment as the Director deems necessary and to provide to The City the results of said monitoring as required. (3) Any person who contravenes any of the provisions of Section 81, 82, 83 or 85 shall, in addition to any penalty for in fraction of this Bylaw, be liable to and shall on demand pay to The City all costs of monitoring, sampling, testing, and removing any contamination resulting from the discharging of any such substances into a Wastewat er Sewer, and for any other amount for which The City may be held liable because of such contamination. OVERSTRENGTH SURCHARGE 83 (1) A person who has discharged, caus ed, or permitted Wastewater to be discharged into any Wastewater Sewer containing constituents exceeding the concentrations outlined in Schedul e C, shall pay the volume and treatment charges set forth in Schedule C. (2) Should testing of the Wastewater being discharged into the Wastewater collection system be required for the purpose of determining the Wastewater surcharge rate, such sampling and testing shall be conducted by the Inspector, or by the customer to the satisfaction of the Inspector, using automated sampling devices or in accordance with the following manual sampling protocol: (a) (b) (c) samples from the effluent produc ed at a location will be collected for a minimum of any two days within a seven day period; a minimum of four Grab Samples of equal volume shall be taken each day, such samples to be taken at least one hour apart; the analysis shall be conducted on a Composite Sample made of each day's Grab Samples; and (3) The results of the foregoing te sts shall be averaged to determine the characteristics and concentration of t he effluent being discharged into the City Wastewater collection system. (4) No person shall, for the purpose of meeting any concentration limits set out in this Bylaw, dilute any Wast ewater intended to be deposited in the Wastewater collection system. COST OF SAMPLING

159 37 Bylaw No. 3464/ When the customer s discharged wastewater contains constituents exceeding the discharge limits in Secti on 81, 82, or 83, the cost of all sampling and analysis shall be at the customer s expense. DENTAL WASTE AMALGAM SEPARATOR 85 Every owner or operator of premises from whic h Dental Amalgam may be discharged, which waste may directly or indirectly enter a Sewer, shall: (a) install in any piping system at its premises that connects directly or indirectly to a Sewer, Dental Amalgam Separators with at least 95% removal efficiency in amalgam wei ght and which are certified as compliant with ISO Dental Equipment: Amalgam Separators ; (b) operate and maintain all Dent al Amalgam Separators in good working order and accordi ng to the manufacturer s recommendations; (c) (d) provide an approved monitoring poi nt which is readily and easily accessible at all times for inspection; and provide to the Inspector on request a maintenance schedule and record of maintenance for each installed Dental Amalgam Separator. GREASE, OIL, & SOLIDS INTERCEPTION 86 (1) Every owner or operat or of premises containing a restaurant, vehicle repair or auto body shop, petroleum service station, or vehicle and equipment washing establishment, when in the opinion of t he Director it is necessary to do so, shall: (a) (b) (c) install an Interceptor or filter for the removal from Wastewater of grease, oil, solids or other harmful substance; make available to the Inspector upon request a maintenance schedule and record of maintenance for the Interceptor or filter; and shall keep and make available to the Inspector upon request a twoyear record of documentary proof of Interceptor clean-out and the disposal of oil, grease, solids and sediments.

160 38 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (2) All Interceptors shall be of a ty pe and capacity approved by the Director and shall be located so as to be read ily and easily accessible for cleaning and inspection and shall be maintained by the customer at the customer s expense in continuously efficient operat ion at all times. The Interceptors shall be installed in compliance with t he most current requirements of the Alberta Building Code and the Canadian Standards Association. (3) No person shall: (a) (b) discharge emulsifiers into the Sewer system ahead of an Interceptor; or use enzymes, bacteria, solvents, hot water or other agents to facilitate the passage of Oil and Grease through a Grease Interceptor. (4) Should any blockage of the Wastewater Sewer system be caused by reason of failure, omission, or neglect of a customer, to comply strictly with the provisions of this Bylaw, the cust omer shall, in addition to any penalty for infraction of this Bylaw, be liable to and shall on demand pay The City for all costs of clearing such blo ckage and for any other amount for which The City may be held liable because of such blockage. CUSTOMER SELF-MONITORING 87 (1) The customer shall, at its ow n expense, complete any monitoring, sampling, and testing of any disc harge to a Wastewater system as required by The City, and shall provide the results to The City in a form specified by the Director. (2) Any customer who exceeds the dischar ge limits in this Bylaw shall submit an environmental plan to the satisfaction of the Director, at the customer s expense, which will detail t he steps necessary to change their discharge characteristics to the standards requi red under the provisions of this Bylaw. MANHOLES 88 (1) Manhole(s) are required to be construct ed in locations that are accessible to The City, on all Wastewater Service Connections to premises such as: (a) Industrial - Oil related industries, dairies, breweries, packing plants, processing plants, feed mills, manu facturing plants, fabricating plants, painting shops;

161 39 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (b) (c) Commercial - Shopping centres, strip malls, warehouses, grocery stores, heavy machine repair, welding shops, automobile repair, service stations, car washes, re staurants, paint stores, hotels, motels, dry cleaners, laundries; and Other - residential dwellings ov er 6 units, apartment over 6 units, nursing homes, senior complexes, Institutions, hospitals, dental labs, funeral homes, churches, schools. (2) Such manholes may be constructed by the customer, or by The City at the customer s cost, and shall be maintained by the customer so as to be safe and accessible at all times. DISCONNECTION OF SEWER 89 (1) Where Wastewater which: (a) is hazardous or creates an immediate danger to any person; (b) endangers or interferes with t he operation of t he Wastewater collection system; or (c) causes or is capable of causing an adverse effect; is discharged to the Wastewater colle ction system, the Inspector may, in addition to any other remedy available, disconnect, plug or shut off the Sewer line discharging the unacceptable Wastewater into the Wastewater collection system or take such other action as is necessary to prevent such Wastewater from entering the Wastewater collection system. (2) The Wastewater may be prevent ed from being discharged into the Wastewater collection system until evidence satisfactory to the Inspector has been produced to ensure that no further discharge of hazardous Wastewater will be made to the Wastewater collection system. (3) Where the Director takes action pursuant to subsection (1), the Inspector may by notice in writing advise the owner or occupier of the premises from which the Wastewater was being dischar ged, of the cost of taking such action and the owner or occupier, as the case may be, shall forthwith reimburse The City for all such costs which were incurred. PRIVATE WASTEWATER DISPOSAL 90 (1) Where a Wastewater Sewer is not available for connection as required

162 40 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 under the provisions of Section 31( 1), the building Wastewater Sewer shall be connected to a private Wast ewater disposal system complying with the provisions of this Bylaw, the Alberta Building Code, Alberta Environment & Public Health Regulations, and such additional requirements as may be imposed by the Director. The owner shall operate and maintain the private Wastewater di sposal facilities in a Wastewater manner at all times at no expense to The City. (2) After the owner has connected to the Wastewater Sewer system as required by Section 31(1), the owner s hall, within 60 days of the date of connection to the Wastewater Sewe r system, dispose of all waste appropriately and remove any septic tanks, cesspools and similar private Wastewater disposal facilities and reclaim the site with clean native soil. HAULED WASTEWATER 91 (1) No person shall discharge or permi t the discharge of Hauled Wastewater at any location other than a Haul ed Wastewater discharge location approved by the Director. Manifests to discharge Hauled Wastewater are available at The City s Wastewater Treatment Plant. (2) Any person or company that proposes to discharge Hauled Wastewater at The City Wastewater Treatment Plant must: (a) apply for and receive a Hauled Wast ewater Manifest issued by the Director; and (b) enter into and comply with the requirements of the Hauled Wastewater agreement established by The City. BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE 92 (1) As a condition of discharging Wast ewater into the Wa stewater Sewer, customers in industrial, commercial, and institutional sectors shall submit to the Director a completed Notice of Wastewater Discharge form and a Best Management Practice: (a) (b) in the case of new premises, within 30 days of commencing the discharge of Wastewater in the Wastewater Sewer; and In the case of existing premises, within 90 days of the date that this Bylaw is adopted.

163 41 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (2) A Best Management Practice is not required for the discharge of waste produced from residential premises, or for sanitary waste and Wastewater from showers and restroom washbas ins produced from a non-residential property. (3) A customer must report any change in the discharging operation registered under the Notice of Wastewater Discharge form (such as a change in the discharge characterist ics, ownership, name, location, contact person, telephone number, or fa x number) to the Inspector within 30 days of the change by submitting a completed Notice of Wastewater Discharge form showing the changes. (4) Nothing in a Best Management Prac tice or a Notice of Wastewater Discharge form relieves a person disc harging waste from complying with this Bylaw or any other applicable enactment. PART 5 - STORM WATER UTILITY CONNECTION TO STORM WATER SEWER 93 Where the seasonally adjusted groundwat er table is withi n 2m of the top of the footing of any residence cons tructed after the passage of this Bylaw, such residence must have a weeping tile system connected to a Storm Water Sewer where a Storm Water Sewer is available, or with the permission of the Director, connected to the Wastewater Sewer. CLEANOUTS 94 A building Storm Water Sewer that is connected to The City s Storm Water Sewer shall be equipped with a main Cleanout with a minimum diameter of 75mm, located not more than 25m from property line. The main Cleanout shall be located as close as practical to the point where the Storm Water Sewer leaves the buildi ng and in such a manner that the opening is readily accessible and has sufficient clearance (2m) for effective rodding and cleaning. The building Storm Water Sewer from Cleanout to property line is to be as st raight as possible. A maximum of one 45 bend is permitted for the Cleanout and a maximum of one additional 45 bend may be used between the Cleanout and property line. The total of the angles of all bends shall not exceed 90. BACKFLOW VALVES 95 All weeping tile and Storm Water fixtures set below the level of the highest ground surface adjacent to the premises shall be protected from backflow

164 by an approved Storm Water Backflow Valve. 42 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 TREES AND ROOTS 96 (1) No deep rooting trees such as willow, poplar, or elm are to be planted over Storm Water Sewer lines on private property. (2) If it is determined that a blockage in a private Storm Water Sewer connection is caused by a tree locat ed on private property, The City shall have no obligation to clear the blockage. (3) If it is determined that a blockage in a private Storm Water Sewer connection is caused by a tree locat ed on City property, The City will clear the blockage and either place the Sewer on a root-cutting maintenance program, re-line the Sewer pipe, or remove the tree at The City s expense. (4) If it is determined that a block age in The City s Storm Water Sewer connection or any other part of the City Storm Water Sewer system is caused by tree roots extending from trees located on private property, The City will, at the owner s expense, clear the blockage and either place the Sewer on a root-cutting maintenance pr ogram, re-line the Sewer pipe, or remove the trees. PRIVATE STORM WATER SEWER SYSTEMS 97 Storm Water Sewers installed on indus trial, commercial or Institutional property for the purposes of collecting Storm Water and carrying it into the Storm Water Sewers shall be equipped with an Interceptor. The installation of catch basins and Inte rceptors on private property shall comply with The City s Design Guidelines, as they may be amended from time to time. PROHIBITED STORM WATER SEWER USE 98 (1) No person shall discharge, or c ause to be discharged, groundwater, roof run-off, subsurface drainage, or C ooling Water from any industrial process, to any Storm Water Sewer, unless; (a) upon the application of the custom er, the Director determines that exceptional conditions prevent compliance with the foregoing provisions and authorizes such discharge; and (a) the discharge is in accor dance with a validated Storm Water Discharge Dewatering Permit;

165 43 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (2) No person shall discharge, deposit or permit any of the following into any pipe, main conduit, manhole, street inlet, gutter or aperture draining into the Storm Water system: (a) any Deleterious substance; Indus trial Waste; domestic waste; nondomestic waste; Wastewater; truck ed liquid waste; pool or hot tub water; mud, sand, silt, or grit; any flammable liquid or explosive material; solvent or petroleum der ivative including but not limited to gasoline, naphtha or fuel oil; any pesticides, insecticide or fungicides; Radioactive Material; septage or animal wastes. (b) any corrosive, noxious or ma lodorous gas, liquid or substance which either singly or by interact ion with other wastes, is capable of: (i) creating a public nuisance or hazard to life; (ii) preventing human entry into a Storm Water Sewer or pump station; or (iii) causing damage to the Storm Water system. (c) any other substance which may cause impairment of or damage to the environment, human health, safety, property, or City infrastructure. (3) No person shall obstruct or restri ct a Storm Water Sewer or the flow therein. (4) No person shall discharge water to any Storm Water Sewer or to a watercourse, containing any substanc e which, in the opinion of the Director: (a) is or may become harmful to any recipient watercourse or Storm Water system or part thereof; (b) may interfere with the proper operation or main tenance of the Storm Water system; (c) may become a health or safety hazard to persons, property, animals, vegetation and the environment. DISCHARGE OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES IN STORM WATER 99 (1) Any person responsible for or aware of the discharge of prohibited substances in the Storm Water system shall immediately report that event

166 44 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 to the Director in order that the nec essary precautions can be taken to minimize the Deleterious effects of t he discharge. Such person must also make other required reports to Alberta Environment and any other governing body. (2) Should any testing of Storm Water s how that it is nonc ompliant with this Bylaw, the Director may direct the cu stomer to comply with the Bylaw and may, in addition, direct the custom er at its expense to install such monitoring and recording equipment as the Director deems necessary and supply the results of said monitoring as required. The cost of all sampling and analysis shall be at the customer s expense. (3) Any person who contravenes any of t he provisions of Se ction 98 shall, in addition to any penalty for infraction of th is Bylaw, be liable to and shall on demand pay to The City all costs of monitoring, sampling, testing, and removing any contamination resulting from the discharging of any such materials into a Storm Water Sewer, and for any other amount for which The City may be held liable because of such contamination. CITY STORM WATER SEWER USE 100 City forces may discharge water into a Storm Water Sewer or watercourse resulting from non-domestic activities such as: (a) (b) hydrant & Water Main flushing (dechlorination required); and fire fighting activities. DISCONNECTION OF STORM WATER SEWER 101 (1) Where Storm Water which: (a) is hazardous or creates an imm ediate danger to any person or the environment; (b) endangers or interferes with t he operation of the Storm Water system; or (c) causes or is capable of causing an adverse effect; is discharged to the Storm Water system, the Director may, in addition to any other remedy available, disconnec t, plug or seal off the Storm Water Sewer line discharging the unacceptable water into the Storm Water

167 45 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 system or take such other action as is necessary to prevent such water from entering the Storm Water system. (2) The water may be prevented from being discharged into the Storm Water system until evidence satisfactory to the Director has been produced to assure that no further discharge of hazardous water will be made to the Storm Water system. (3) Where the Director takes action pur suant to subsection (1), the Director may by notice in writing advise the owner or occupier of the premises from which the water was being discharged, of the cost of taking such action and the owner or occupier, as the case may be, shall forthwith reimburse The City for all such costs. PART 6 - WASTE MANAGEMENT UTILITY SCOPE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT UTILITY 102 (1) The City Waste Management Utilit y shall provide for the collection, removal and disposal of Solid Wa ste, Recyclables, Yard Waste and Special Waste within the City as specified in this Bylaw. (2) As Waste Management Utility servic es are not a metered service, the provisions of Part 2 of this Bylaw dealing with the creation and administration of utility accounts apply to the Wast e Management Utility subject to all necessary modifications to reflect the provisions of this Part. EXCLUSIVE CONTRACTS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES 103 (1) City Administration is authorized to enter into exclusive contracts for the collection, removal and disposal of Solid Waste, Yard Waste, Special Waste and Recyclables within the City. (2) The Solid Waste Contractor shall not have exclusive rights to collect the following types of waste: (a) large household goods such as furniture; (b) Solid Waste in on-site mechani cal compactors, roll-off bins, or Containers of a capacity greater than 6 cubic yards; (c) Waste produced in the process of constructing, altering or repairing a building;

168 46 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (d) (e) (f) Waste not accepted at the Disposal Grounds; those items suitable for recycling or reuse; or Waste of any kind generated from the Michener Centre. (3) Where The City has entered into su ch exclusive contracts, no person other than the contractor may provide the same or similar type of service within the City. No twithstanding that, the owner or occupant of premises may remove or dispose of Solid Wast e, Recyclables or Yard Waste from those premises. (4) Any person who breaches the provis ions of subsection (3) hereof, in addition being liable to prosecution for an offence under this Bylaw, shall be liable for and make payment to The City of the amount of revenue which would have been generated had T he City been able to collect the Recyclables, Solid Waste or Yard Waste. RESIDENTIAL WASTE - DETACHED AND SEMI-DETACHED DWELLING UNITS 104 Solid Waste, Recyclables and Yard Wa ste shall be collected by The City on a weekly basis from all det ached and semi-detached Dwelling Units and secondary suites. RESIDENTIAL WASTE - MULTI-FAMILY AND MULTI-ATTACHED BUILDINGS 105 (1) The City shall provide weekly collect ion of Recyclables for all Multi-Family and Multi-Attached Buildings. (2) The City shall provide weekly collect ion of Solid Waste for all Multi-Family and Multi-Attached Buildings except, where the building owner has made provisions for others to collect such Solid Waste; in which case, Solid Waste must be collected at least once per week. COMMERCIAL WASTE 106 (1) In this section, Non-residential Premises includes premises of a commercial or industrial nature, as well as instituti ons and Places of Worship. (2) Subject to the provisions of Se ction 103, the owner or occupant of Nonresidential Premises may choose to hav e Solid Waste from the premises collected by The City or by a private contractor.

169 47 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (3) The City does not provide Yard Wa ste collection or Recyclable collection services to Non-residential Premises. CHARGES AND FEES 107 (1) The owner or occupant of premis es receiving Waste collection services from The City, shall pay to The City a monthly char ge at the rates established in Schedule E. (2) The monthly charge for waste collection services (Solid Waste and Recyclables) will apply even where no material is set out for collection. In the case of detached and semi-det ached Dwelling Units, the monthly charge shall be a debt due to The City w hether the property is occupied or not. The owner of the pr operty shall be liable to pay the monthly charge where the utility account with the o ccupant has been terminated for any reason. (3) Where service is provided for par t of a billing period, the rates shown under Schedule E for such service s hall be prorated and charged for the portion of the period the service is provided. (4) No charges shall be levied in respect of unimproved residential lands. ADMINISTRATION OF SOLID WASTE SERVICE 108 The Director shall have the fo llowing authorities with respect to the administration of the Waste Management Utility: (a) ensure the safe and efficient colle ction, removal and disposal or recycling of Solid Waste, Yard Waste, and Recyclables under this Bylaw and under any contract entered into by The City; (b) require the owner of a proper ty to install a lid on a garbage Container when, in the Director s opinion, there is a problem with the containment of Solid Waste which could be resolved by the installation of a lid; (c) decide what does or does not cons titute Solid Waste, Yard Waste, Recyclables or Special Waste under this Bylaw; (d) determine which of the rates se t out in Schedule E applies to a particular customer in light of the quantity or volume of Solid Waste produced by that customer;

170 48 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (e) (f) (g) establish the months of the y ear during which Yard Waste shall be collected; establish the number of Units of Solid Waste permitted per weekly collection; and establish such other reasonable po licies or regulations as may be necessary for the safe, orderly and efficient collection and disposal of Waste within the City. USE OF THE SOLID WASTE UTILITY SERVICE AND DISPOSAL GROUNDS 109 (1) The City is not responsible to collect Solid Waste that is not stored in a Container or Receptacle and placed out for collection. (2) Customers shall place Solid Waste Receptacles as near as practicable to the lane abutting the lands from which the Solid Waste is produced so as to be easily accessible to the Solid Waste Contractor. (3) If a building is constructed such that it abuts direct ly on the lane, the owner of the parcel sha ll provide to the reasonable satisfaction of the Director a space within the building of sufficient area to contain all Solid Waste between periods of collection. (4) In the case of premises for whic h Solid Waste Services are not provided by a lane, customers shall place Solid Waste Receptacles in such manner as the Director directs. (5) A Receptacle for containing Solid Waste shall be sufficiently strong to hold the weight of Solid Waste contained therein without breaking and shall not exceed 1.2m in length or 100 litres in volume. (6) A Receptacle when loaded with Solid Waste shall not weigh more than 25 kg and The City is not required to handle or collect the contents of a Receptacle which exceeds that weight. (7) All Solid Waste shall be removed to and disposed of in the Disposal Grounds subject to the regulations established by The City and no person shall deposit or dispose of Solid Wast e at any location in the City except the Disposal Grounds. (8) A person shall not use or permit to be used any vehicle or trailer for the conveyance or storage of Waste unless it is fitted with a cover capable of preventing the scattering or dispersal of Waste while it is being stored or

171 49 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 transported by the vehicle. Any per son conveying an unsecured load to the Disposal Grounds, in addition to being liable for prosecution for an offence under this Bylaw, will be char ged a surcharge at the Disposal Grounds as outlined in Schedule E. CONTAINMENT OF SOLID WASTE 110 (1) No owner or occupant of land s hall permit Solid Waste to accumulate loosely on such land. (2) An owner or occupant of land s hall ensure that any Solid Waste produced from such land is held in Receptacle s or Containers in good condition and which are adequate to contain the accumu lation of Solid Waste originating from such lands between collection times. (3) A person shall not put out or permit to be put out animal feces or any other excrement unless packaged separately from other Solid Waste in a securely tied plastic bag free of punctures, tears and leaks. DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE 111 (1) All owners or occupants of land s hall remove and dispose of all Solid Waste originating on their lands or premises which are not collected, removed and disposed of pursuant to this Bylaw, and in default of their so doing, The City may remove and dispos e of such Solid Waste at the expense of such owners or occupants, who shall pay such expenses to The City on demand. (2) No person shall dispose of any Waste in a Receptacle or Container owned or leased by another person without t he express written consent of the owner or lessee of the Receptacle or Container. (3) Public Receptacles shall only be us ed for the disposal of incidental Solid Waste and shall not be used for the dis posal of Solid Waste generated by residences, businesses or other commercial activities. RESIDENTIAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTION 112 (1) Basic residential Solid Waste collection service shall consist of the weekly collection of a maximum of 5 Units of Solid Waste per residential customer unless otherwise directed by the Director. Units of Solid Waste in excess of the basic residential Solid Waste collection service will be picked up if an Extra Waste Tag, purchased from The City, is attached to the garbage bag for disposal.

172 50 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (2) The owner or occupant of residentia l lands or premises may remove or cause to be removed Solid Waste fr om their property at their own expense, but must still pay to The City the rate levied under this Bylaw for Solid Waste and Recyclable Collection. (3) The owner or occupant of multi-fam ily residential lands or premises must ensure that Solid Waste is collected from the property at least once per week. Unless Containers are used, t he owner must ensure that all Solid Waste is neatly contained in Receptac les between collection times. The joint use or sharing of Containers or Receptacles between multi-family residential lands or premises, for t he collection and disposal of Solid Waste, shall not be permitted except with the prior written permission of the Director. (4) Subsections (2) & (3) do not apply to removal of Solid Waste from the Michener Centre. NON-RESIDENTAL SOLID WASTE 113 (1) The owner or occupant of non-resi dential lands or premises may remove their own Solid Waste at their own cost and expense by employing the services of their own workers or em ployees, but such owner or occupant shall not contract such work out to any party other t han the Solid Waste Contractor. This prohibition does not apply to the removal of the types of Solid Waste which are listed as exceptions in Section 103(2). (2) Any person who breaches the provisi ons of subsection (1), in addition to their liability to be prosecuted for an offence under this Bylaw, shall be liable for and make payment to The City of the fees and charges for removal and disposal of Solid Wast e which such person would have had to pay had such person used the servic es of the Solid Waste Contractor for such purpose. (3) This section does not apply to remo val of Solid Waste from the Michener Centre. HAZARDOUS WASTE, DANGEROUS GOODS, SPECIAL SOLID WASTE 114 (1) The owner or occupant of l and which produces or possesses any Dangerous Goods, Hazardous Waste or Special Solid Waste shall remove and dispose of such goods in acco rdance with this Bylaw and any regulations of the Governments of Alberta and Canada.

173 51 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (2) (3) (4) (5) The owner or occupant of any lands from which any Dangerous Goods, Hazardous Waste or Special Solid Waste is removed shall properly identify such Waste or goods and shall be responsible for obtaining approvals for the safe transport and disposal thereof. No person shall deposit or mix with any Solid Waste for collection in the Solid Waste service or delivery to the Disposal Grounds any Dangerous Goods or Hazardous Waste. No person shall place, or cause to be placed, any Special Solid Waste into the Solid Waste service or Disposal Grounds without obtaining permission from the Director and making payment of the disposal charge specified in Schedule E. Any person breaching any part of this section shall be responsible for all costs incurred in eliminating any pollution or contamination of the Disposal Grounds or any other site in the City and shall make payment of the same to The City on demand. BURNING 115 Except as provided in The City's Fire Permit Bylaw no person shall burn or attempt to burn any Solid Waste in the City. SOLID WASTE FROM OUTSIDE THE CITY 116 No person shall deposit any Solid Waste at the Disposal Grounds which does not originate from within the boundaries of the City except with the prior written permission of the Director or under the authority of a contract with The City. PART 7- GENERAL REMAINDER ENFORCEABLE 117 Should any portion of this Bylaw be found by any court to be void or unenforceable, then it is the intention of Council that the remainder of this Bylaw shall remain in full force and effect, notwithstanding such ruling. EFFECTIVE DATE 118 This bylaw shall come into effect on February 1, 2012.

174 52 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 REPEAL OF PREVIOIUS BYLAW 119 Bylaw No. 3215/98 is hereby repealed effective February 1, READ A FIRST TIME IN OPEN COUNCIL this 1 ih day of December READ A SECOND TIME IN OPEN COUNCIL this 9 1 h day of January READ A THIRD TIME IN OPEN COUNCIL this 9 1 h day of January AND SIGNED BY THE MAYOR AND CITY CLERK this 9 1 h day of January "Morris Flewwelling" MAYOR "Elaine Vincent" CITY CLERK

175 SCHEDULE A DEFINITIONS SCHEDULE B WATER RATES SCHEDULE C WASTEWATER RATES SCHEDULE D BILLING AND SERVICE FEES SCHEDULE E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION RATES 53 Bylaw No. 3464/2011

176 SCHEDULE A DEFINITIONS In this Bylaw, words and phrases shall mean and be interpreted in accordance with the definitions set out in this Schedule. (1) Backflow Preventer, also referred to as a cross connection control device, means a device that prevents flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the potable water system from any source or sources other than the intended source. (2) Backflow Valve means a device to prevent flow reversal in a Storm Water or Wastewater Sewer connection. (3) Best Management Practice means a set of procedures, equipment, training, or other provisions applicable to operations to assist in compliance with this Bylaw. (4) Biological Waste means waste from a hospital, medical clinic, health care facility, mortuary or biological research laboratory which contains or may contain: (a) (b) pathogenic agents that cannot be effectively mitigated by Wastewater treatment; and experimental biological matter that may be hazardous to human health or detrimental to the environment. (5) Biomedical Waste means: (a) (b) any human anatomical waste, animal waste, untreated microbiological waste, waste Sharps and untreated human blood and body fluids known to contain viruses and agents listed in Risk Group 4 as defined in Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines published by Health Canada, date, 2004, as amended; or waste that is generated by human health care facilities, medical research and teaching establishments, clinical testing or research laboratories, and facilities involved in the production or testing of vaccines, and contains or may contain pathogenic agents that may cause disease in humans exposed to the waste. (6) BOD or Biochemical Oxygen Demand means the five-day BOD which is the determination of the molecular oxygen utilized during a five-day incubation period for the biochemical degradation of organic material (carbonaceous demand), and the oxygen used to oxidize inorganic material such as sulphides and ferrous iron, and the amount of oxygen used to oxidize reduced forms of nitrogen (nitrogenous demand) as determined by the appropriate procedure in Standard Methods.

177 2 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (7) Building Sewer means that part of a Wastewater drainage system outside a building commencing at a point 1 metre from the outer face of the wall of the building and connecting the building drain to the Wastewater sewer or place of disposal of Wastewater; (8) COD or Chemical Oxygen Demand means a measure of the capacity of water to consume oxygen as a result of oxidation of inorganic chemicals and decomposition of organic matter. (9) City Service Connection means that portion of a pipe used or intended to be used for the supply of water which extends from the water main to the service valve. (10) City Sewer Connection means that part of the Wastewater or Storm Water sewer pipe located within the limits of The City s road allowance, lands, right of ways, or easements and is connected to a private sewer system and The City s sewer main. (11) Cleanout means a pipe fitting that has a removable cap or plug and is so constructed that it will permit access to a sewer pipe for the purpose of cleaning. (12) Combined Service means the City Service Connection used or intended to be used to supply water for fire protection as well as water for purposes other than fire protection. (13) Combustible Waste means a substance that is able to catch fire and burn easily. (14) Composite Sample means a volume of Wastewater, Storm Water, uncontaminated water, clear water or effluent made up of three or more grab samples that have been combined automatically or manually and taken at intervals during the sampling periods, (15) Container means a container for Solid Waste which is designed to be emptied by a front loading Solid Waste vehicle. (16) Cooling Water means water that is used in a process for the purpose of removing heat and that has not, by design, come into contact with any raw material, intermediate product, waste product or finished product, but does not include blowdown water. (17) Cross Connection means an existing connection or a potential connection between any part of a potable water system and any other environment containing other substances in a manner, which, under any circumstances, would allow such substance to enter the potable water system.

178 3 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (18) Dangerous Goods has the meaning set out from time to time in the Dangerous Goods Transportation and Handling Act, RSA 2000, Ch D-4 as amended, and the regulations thereunder. (19) Deleterious means: (a) (b) any substance that, if added to any water, would degrade or alter or form part of a process of degradation or alteration of the quality of that water so that it is rendered or is likely to be rendered deleterious to fish or fish habitat or unsuitable for the purposes intended; any water that contains a substance in such quantity or concentration, or that has been so treated, processed or changed, by heat or other means, from a natural state that it would, if added to any other water, degrade or alter or form part of a process of degradation or alteration of the quality of the water so that it is rendered or is likely to be rendered deleterious to fish or fish habitat or unsuitable for the purposes intended. (20) Dental Amalgam means a dental filling material consisting of an amalgam of mercury, silver and other materials such as copper, tin or zinc. (21) Dental Amalgam Separator means any technology, or combination of technologies, designed to separate dental amalgam particles from dental operation Wastewater. (22) Disposal Grounds means the landfill site operated by The City. (23) Dwelling Unit means one or more rooms useable as a residence operated as a single housekeeping unit and having its own sleeping, cooking, and toilet facilities. (24) Extra Waste Tag means a sticker purchased from The City to be used to identify Units of Solid Waste in excess of the basic residential Solid Waste collection service. (25) Fire Line means a pipe intended solely for the purpose of providing a supply of water for fire protection purposes. (26) Grab Sample means a volume of Wastewater, Storm Water, potable water or effluent which is collected over a period not exceeding 15 minutes. (27) Hauled Wastewater means waste removed from a Wastewater system, including a cesspool, a septic tank system, a privy vault or privy pit, a chemical toilet, a portable toilet or a Wastewater holding tank or any industrial waste which is transported to and deposited into any location in the Wastewater works.

179 4 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (28) Hazardous Waste means: (a) (b) any substance or mixture of substances that exhibits characteristics of flammability, corrosivity, radioactivity, reactivity or toxicity; and has the meaning set out from time to time in the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, R.S.A. 2000, Ch. E 12 as amended, and the regulations thereunder and the Alberta Waste Control Regulation (AR129/93) and any successor to this Acts or Regulations. (29) Hydrocarbons mean solvent extractable matter as set forth in Standard Methods. (30) Industrial Waste means any waste from industrial processes, such as dairies, breweries, packing plants and similar processes. (31) Inspector means a person or employee authorized by The City to enforce the provisions of this Bylaw such as a Bylaw Enforcement Officer or a Designated Sewer Officer. (32) Institution or Institutional Facility means a facility, usually owned by a government, operated for public purposes, such as a school, university, medical facility (hospital, nursing station, nursing home), museum, prison, government office, military base. Some of these facilities produce non-residential discharges to sewers from, for example, laboratories, chemical use, and industrial processes. (33) Interceptor means a device designed to prevent oil, grease, sand or other solid matter from passing from the source thereof into the Wastewater or Storm Water Sewer systems. (34) Low-flow Plumbing Fixtures means toilets with a usage not exceeding 6.0 litres per flush; single flush urinals with a usage not exceeding 3.8 litres per flush; shower head fixtures with a flow rate not exceeding 9.5 litres per minute; and lavatory basin faucets and kitchen sink faucets with a flow rate not exceeding 8.3 litres per minute. (35) Monitoring Access Point means an access point, such as a chamber, in a Private Sewer Connection to allow for observation, sampling and flow measurement of the Wastewater, potable water or Storm Water therein. (36) Multi-Family Building and Multi-Attached Building means a building containing three or more dwelling units. (37) Oil and Grease means n-hexane extractable matter as described in Standard Methods.

180 5 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (38) Overstrength Surcharge means the rate per m3 of water consumed and charged to a user who releases Wastewater to the Sewer that exceeds one or more constituent concentrations. (39) PCBs means any mono-chlorinated or polychlorinated biphenyl or any mixture of them or mixture that contains one or more of them. (40) Person means an individual, association, partnership, corporation, municipality or an agent or employee of such a person. (41) ph means the measure of the intensity of the acid or alkaline condition of a solution determined by the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution as set forth in Standard Methods. (42) Phosphates means a chemical salt classified as orthophosphates, condensed phosphates and poly-phosphates. (43) Polluted Water means materials or water that contain deleterious substances in excess of that permitted in this Bylaw. (44) Potable Water means water with a level of quality which is typical of uncontaminated water normally supplied by The City; (45) Pretreatment means the reduction, elimination or alteration of pollutants in Wastewater prior to discharge into the Sewer, whether by physical, chemical or biological processes, through pollution prevention, or by other means, except by diluting the concentration of the pollutants. (46) Private Sewer Connection means the part of any sewer system lying within the limits of private lands and connecting to The City s Wastewater or Storm Water Sewer system. (47) Private Service or Private Service Connection means that portion of a pipe used or intended to be used for the supply of water which extends from the Service Valve to a meter. (48) Radioactive Materials means prescribed substances as defined in the Atomic Energy Control Act and Regulations (RSC 1985, c. A-16) as amended from time to time or as defined in the Nuclear Safety and Control Act and Regulations or amended versions thereof. (49) Reactive Waste means a substance that: (a) is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent changes without detonating;

181 6 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) reacts violently with water; forms potentially explosive mixtures with water; when mixed with water, generates toxic gases, vapours or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present danger to human health or the environment; is a cyanide or sulphide bearing waste which, when exposed to ph conditions between 2 and 12.5, can generate toxic gases, vapours or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present danger to human health or the environment; is capable of detonation or explosive reaction if it is subjected to a strong initiating source or if heated under confinement; is readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at standard temperature and pressure; or is an explosive (Class 1) as defined in the regulations under the [federal, provincial or territorial Statute or Regulation as appropriate for the municipality], as amended. (50) Receptacle means a receptacle for Solid Waste other than a container as defined herein and includes a garbage can and garbage bags. (51) Recyclable means any materials designated as recyclable under The City s Residential Recycling Collection Contract. (52) Recycling Contractor means the person who is under contract with The City to collect Recyclable material from residential properties in the City of Red Deer. (53) Remote Reading Device means a device which is connected to a water meter by The City and provides a duplicate reading of the water consumed, which may be monitored from the exterior of a building. (54) Sampling Port means a valve, tap, or similar device on equipment, a drain pipe or at another suitable location, to allow for sampling, consistent with technical guidelines that The City may establish from time to time. (55) Service Valve means the water valve on a City Service Connection. (56) Sewer means a pipe, conduit, drain, open channel or ditch for the collection and transmission of Wastewater or Storm Water and to which Private or City Sewer Connections may be attached.

182 7 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (57) Sharps means hypodermic needles, syringes, blades, broken glass and any devices, instruments or other objects which have acute rigid corners, edges or protuberances. (58) Solid Waste Contractor means the person who or the Corporation which is under contract with The City to collect and haul Solid Waste to the City s Disposal Grounds. (59) Solid Waste means discarded material or Waste or any kind which is permitted to be disposed of at the Disposal Grounds. (60) Special Solid Waste means waste which requires special disposal treatment at the Disposal Grounds but does not include Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste or Dangerous Goods. (61) Spill means a direct or indirect discharge into the Wastewater or Storm Water sewer or the natural environment which is abnormal in quantity or quality in light of all the circumstances of the discharge. (62) Standard Methods means a procedure or method set out in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater published jointly by the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and the Water Environment Federation, recent or latest edition or approved in writing by the Inspector. (63) Storm Water Sewer means a sewer for the collection and transmission of uncontaminated water, Storm Water, drainage from land or from a watercourse or any combination thereof but excluding any Wastewater. (64) Storm Water means the water running off the surface of a drainage area during and immediately after a period of rain or snow melt. (65) Subsurface Water means groundwater including foundation drain water. (66) Sump means a facility on the connection to the Wastewater collection system for trapping large, heavy solids before discharge into these systems. (67) Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen means the sum of organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen as set forth in Standard Methods. (68) Total Phosphorus means an essential chemical element and nutrient for all life forms as set forth in Standard Methods. (69) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) means insoluble matter in liquid that is removable by filtration, as determined by the appropriate procedure described in Standard Methods. (70) Unit of Solid Waste means a garbage bag up to 660 mm by 915 mm or a garbage can up to 100 litres in volume.

183 8 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (71) Utility and Utility Service means, as the context may require, the City s Water Utility, Wastewater Utility, Storm Water Utility and Waste Management Utility. (72) Water Main means those pipes installed by The City in streets for the conveyance of water throughout the City to which City Service Connections may be attached. (73) Water Utility means the system of water works owned and operated by The City and all accessories and appurtenances thereto. (74) Waste means any solid or liquid material or product or combination of them that is intended to be treated or disposed of or that is intended to be stored and then treated or disposed of. (75) Wastewater means the composite of water and water-carried wastes from residential, commercial, industrial or institutional premises or any other source. (76) Wastewater Sewer means a sewer for the collection and transmission of domestic or industrial Wastewater or any combination thereof. (77) Wastewater Sludge means Wastewater containing more than 0.5% total solids or solid material recovered from the Wastewater treatment process. (78) Wastewater Works means any works for the collection, transmission, treatment and disposal of Wastewater, Storm Water or uncontaminated water, including a combined sewer, Wastewater Sewer or Storm Water Sewer, or any part of such works, but does not include plumbing or other works to which the applicable Building Code applies. (79) Yard Waste means any materials designated as Yard Waste under The City s Solid Waste & Yard Waste Collection Contract.

184 9 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 SCHEDULE B WATER RATES 1 Every customer shall pay for water supplied to him the aggregate of amount determined as follows: (a) (b) A consumption charge of $0.743 for each cubic metre of water supplied. A fixed monthly charge shall be determined by the size of the meter supplied to each customer as follows: METER SIZE FIXED MONTHLY CHARGE 16 mm $ mm $ mm $ mm $ mm $ mm $ mm $1, mm $2, mm $3,810.21

185 10 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 SCHEDULE C WASTEWATER RATES 1 The cost of Wastewater service for residential premises connected to The City Sewer system and which contain not more than two dwelling units shall be a flat fee of $37.91 per month. 2 Where there are more than two dwelling units in residential premises or for other properties served by a single water meter, the customer shall pay at the rate of $1.53 per cubic metre of Wastewater calculated in the manner herein set forth with a minimum of $37.91 per month. 3 Where the Director has tested the discharge of Wastewater into the sewerage system pursuant to Clause 83, Overstrength Surcharge and found that the Wastewater exceeds the limits of BOD, total suspended solids or oil & grease set out therein, then that customer shall pay for Wastewater service at the following rates: (a) (b) a volume charge based on $1.53 per cubic metre, plus a treatment charge based on the amount of BOD, grease and suspended solids at the following rates: Tier 1 Surcharge Concentration above Concentration below BOD 300 2,400 mg/l $0.87 /kg TSS 300 2,400 mg/l $0.83 /kg Oil & Grease - animal, vegetable mg/l $0.68 /kg Tier 2 Surcharge Concentration above Concentration below BOD 2,400 4,800 mg/l $1.16 /kg TSS 2,400 4,800 mg/l $1.10 /kg Oil & Grease - animal, vegetable mg/l $0.90 /kg Maximum Allowable Limits Surcharge Concentration above BOD 4,800 mg/l $1.74 /kg TSS 4,800 mg/l $1.66 /kg Oil & Grease - animal, vegetable 500 mg/l $1.36 /kg Example calculation: For wastewater containing a BOD concentration of 5,000 mg/l (5 kg/m 3 ): Surcharge Rate On the first 0.3 kg/m x $0.00 = $0.00 On the next 2.1 kg/m x $0.87 = $1.83

186 11 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 On the next 2.4 kg/m x $1.16 = $2.78 On the last 0.2 kg/m x $1.74 = $0.35 Total Surcharge Rate: $4.96 per m 3 4 For the purpose of calculating t he sewerage charge payable by a customer, the volume of Wastewater contributed by the cu stomer to the Wastewater Sewer shall be deemed to be equal to 80% of the water de livered to the customer s premises, whether the water was received from The City or from s ources other than The City. Where no meter or other exact means exist to determine the quantit y of water consumed by any person, the Director shall make an estimate thereof for the purpose of determining the Wastewat er Utility c harges. The cust omer may, at his own expense, install and maintain a meter subj ect to approval by the Director upon which the service charge shall thereafter be determined. 5 Disposal at the Liquid Waste Station and FOG Station (Fats, Oils and Grease) is $8.30/cubic meter. (a) (b) (c) charges will be based on an estimate of the load volume, as determined by the Director. there is a minimum $5 charge per load. there is no charge for recreational vehicles. Note: See Schedule D for Wastewater Service Fees

187 12 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 SCHEDULE D BILLING AND SERVICE FEES 1 UTILITY BILLING FEES (1) Application fee for utility billing $15 (2) Non-application fee (open a new account in owner s name) $30 (3) Deposit to obtain a utility account $220 (4) Late payment penalty 1.5% per month of the outstanding balance 2 NEW SERVICE CONNECTION (1) Basic charge for 25mm water service and 150 mm Wastewater Sewer From Main From Main In Street In Lane $7,185 $6,000 (2) Basic charge for 25 mm water service $6,145 $4.845 (3) Basic charge for 150 mm Wastewater Sewer $6,145 $4,845 (4) Basic charge for 100 mm Storm Water Sewer (5) Basic charge for 25 mm water main, 150 mm Wastewater Sewer and 100mm Storm Water Sewer $6,145 $4,845 $7,430 $6,140 (6) Dual service upon approval $8,240 N/A (7) Water service renewal upon approval $7,085 N/A (8) Extra charge for larger water service: 38 mm $ mm $ mm $3, mm $4,025

188 13 Bylaw No. 3464/ mm $5, mm $6, mm $8,450 (9) Extra charge for larger Wastewater or Storm Water sewer: 200 mm Ribbed $225 DR35 $ mm Ribbed $320 DR35 $ mm Ribbed $440 DR35 $ mm Ribbed $ 640 DR35 $ mm Ribbed $1015 DR35 $ mm Ribbed $1715 (10) Disconnection of service (water kill) up to 50 mm in size $2,665 up to 50 mm in size, same dig at time of basic service $1,155 Over 50 mm in size $4,465 (11) Additional fee for winter construction of service (Nov. 1 May 15) (a) Lane $1,545 (b) Street $2,330 (12) Other Charges (a) Construction of manhole to 3.1 metres in depth $3,745 (i) additional cost per vertical metre in excess of 3.1 metres in depth $510 (b) Inspection Chamber $2,170

189 14 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (c) Fire Hydrant and Valve Installation $5,985 (d) Cutting and replacing pavement (i) single or double service 75 mm and under $2,890 (ii) single or double service over 75 mm $2,670 (iii) triple service 75 mm and under $3,815 (iv) triple service over 75 mm $4,275 (v) for service kill 75 mm and under $1,855 (vi) for service kill over 75 mm $1,985 (vii) for water service renewal $1,460 (viii) additional asphalt repair costs for excavations in $1,000 excess of 4 metres deep (per additional metre of depth) (e) Replacing sidewalks: (i) single or double service residential $2,850 (ii) single or double service commercial $4,420 (iii) triple service residential $3,150 (iv) triple service commercial $4,620 (i) additional sidewalk repair costs for excavations in excess of 4 metres deep (per location) $650 (f) Replacing curb only: (i) single or double service $1,680 (ii) triple or dual service $1,874 (iii) additional curb repair costs for excavations in $450 excess of 4 metres deep (per location) (g) Landscaping repairs (boulevard area) $200 (h) Landscaping repairs (utility lot/reserve) $575 3 MISCELLANEOUS SERVICE FEES (1) Installation of more than one meter $21 per meter (2) Requested meter reading $21 (3) Service call during regular hours $52

190 15 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (4) Service call after regular hours $150 (5) Disconnection service charge $54 (6) Reconnection service charge $54 (7) Turn water off or on for repairs or line testing (a) during regular working hours $54 (b) after regular working hours $150 (8) Temporary water supply: (a) for construction purposes includes 16 mm water meter with up to 10 cubic metres consumption (Consumption in excess of 10 cubic meters will be billed at current water consumption rate) $80 (plus monthly meter charge) (9) Meter Test $90 (10) Repairs to water meters at cost (11) Thawing water service at cost (12) Repair to damaged standpipe at cost (13) Private fire hydrant maintenance (a) routine hydrant inspection $40 / hydrant (b) winter hydrant inspection (Nov 1 May 15) $75 / hydrant (c) damage evaluation $65 / hydrant (d) paint $75 / hydrant (14) Bulk Water (a) use of designated fire hydrant to obtain water (per permit plus water consumption charges) $75 (15) Clearing plugged Wastewater Sewer (a) during regular working hours $120 / blockage (b) after regular working hours $250 / blockage (16) Televise Wastewater Sewer lines

191 16 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (a) service (regular hours only) $185 / service (b) mains (regular hours only) at cost

192 17 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 SCHEDULE E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION RATES 1 (a) Rates to be applicable for premises when supplied with a Container by the Solid Waste Contractor engaged by The City. Scheduled Service includes Contractor-provided Container. SOLID WASTE COLLECTION RATES FOR FRONT-END CONTAINERS Type of Service Monthly Rate 1.5 m 3 (2 yd 3 ) 2.3 m 3 (3 yd 3 ) 3.1 m 3 (4 yd 3 ) 4.6 m 3 (6 yd 3 ) Service on Demand: Container rental Lift charge Scheduled Service: 1 lift per month lift every 2 weeks lift per week lifts per week lifts per week lifts per week lifts per week lifts per week Extra lift for scheduled service (b) Charges for special Container services in addition to the above rates will be as follows: Standard lid Castors on Containers Lock no charge $17.83 per month per container $20 one time charge per container

193 18 Bylaw No. 3464/ Rates to be applicable for premi ses where the owner or agent is charged and suc h owner or agent provides Receptacles for hand pickup of Solid Waste. MONTHLY SOLID WASTE COLLECTION RATES FOR COMMERCIAL HAND PICK-UP Volume Frequency of Pick-Up per Week Cost per Per Pick-Up Extra Pick-Up < 0.4 m > 0.4 to 0.8 m >0.8 to 1.5 m > 1.5 to 2.3 m >2.3 to 3.1 m >3.1 to 3.8 m >3.8 to 4.6 m >4.6 to 5.3 m Note: 0.4 m 3 is approximately equal to 3 units (bags or cans) of garbage 3 For a single family Dwelling Unit, a semi-detached residential unit, a single family Dwelling Unit with a basement Dwelling Unit situated therein, or a Dwelling Unit in a Multi-Family Building or multiple family development, the charge for basic residential collection shall be $11.70 per month per Dwelling Unit for the collection of a maximum of 5 Units of Solid Waste per week per Dwelling Unit year round, and once a week collection of Yard Waste for approximately seven months per year. The charge for Solid Waste tags for units in excess of the basic residential collection service shall be $1.00 per Extra Waste Tag. 4 (a) All Dwelling Units which require individual blue box collection services shall be charged $5.65 per month for weekly pick up. (b) Any Dwelling Unit which requires the City s communal recycling collection service shall be charged $5.10 per month per Dwelling Unit. 5 Disposal Grounds rates for acceptance of Solid Waste Description Rate (a) residents hauling residential Solid Waste $60 per tonne from their own residences (b) private companies or commercial haulers $60 per tonne with commercial or residential Solid Waste

194 19 Bylaw No. 3464/2011 (c) demolition, concrete, asphalt and tree rubble $60 per tonne (d) Special Solid Waste $80 per tonne (e) Asbestos $80 per tonne (f) When fractional metric tonnes are delivered, the rate charged for the same shall be determined by pro-rating the above rates per tonne in the same ratio as the weight of such Solid Waste or rubble delivered bears to a metric tonne. In any event, a minimum charge of $7.00 shall apply for items 5(a), 5(b), 5(c), and a minimum charge of $80 shall apply for items 5(d) and 5(e). (g) Cover Material as defined in The City of Red Deer Waste Management Facility Disposal Guidelines No Charge (h) A surcharge of $20 per load will be appl ied to unsecured loads as outlined in Clause 108(b), Administration of Solid Waste Service.

195 Appendix D: ICI Audits, Interviews and On-Line Survey Results 1 Audits and Interviews Impromptu interviews were conducted at a variety of businesses in Red Deer, from coffee shops to banks, to automobile servicing garages and fast food enterprises. Information gathered included handling methods for various types of waste materials, current waste collection provider as well as any additional comments. Along with garbage removal, typically once a week, small businesses often share a cardboard recycling bin with neighbouring businesses. Paper shredding and recycling services, utilized by hotels, banks and other businesses, are provided largely by either Paper Cuts or Merlin Shredding Inc. however, Iron Mountain and Shred It also operate within Red Deer. These companies also collect cardboard for recycling. Paper Cuts is unique in that it provides shredding services but also collects and bales unshredded paper for shipment. Unsold newspapers from local printers and non-confidential recycling from other recycling providers compose the majority of this material. In locations where recycling is not contracted out, some businesses report that their staff members collect and recycling on their own, bringing the materials to drop-off depots or home so that they can put it in their household blue box program. Staff members also initiate alternatives like donating surplus food to people in need and funding local charities through refundable beverage container collections. Various businesses expressed the desire to have a type of blue box program, in which a comingled recycling bin would be available for multiple materials such cardboard, plastics and tin. Business also indicated an interest in receiving organic waste collection, provided the potential issues of odour and pest control could be effectively managed. Figure 1: Commercial waste and recycling bins Page 1 of 7

196 Appendix D ICI Audits, Interviews and On-Line Survey Results Figure 2: Commercial garbage bin contents Figure 3: Recycling and garbage bin contents 1.1 Large Retailers Many large box-style stores, such as London Drugs, Costco or Walmart, and numerous chain grocers like Safeway and Sobey s, are equipped with an on-site baler to process recyclables for shipment back to their respective warehouses. These baled materials, including cardboard, plastics and, in Safeway s case, beverage containers from in house coffee shops (i.e. Starbucks), are shipped out on the delivery trucks return trip. In addition, electronics and batteries may also be shipped in bulk to their warehouse for recycling. Although these materials are being diverted from landfill, there is no data available to indicate the extent of this activity in Red Deer. Figure 4: Safeway s In-Store Compactor for Recyclables Bower Mall sends recyclables to Waste Management s Material Recovery Facility (MRF) for processing. An on-site compactor is used for cardboard collection, Figure 6, and two garbage compactors, like that in Figure 5, are also used onsite. Page 2 of 7

197 Appendix D ICI Audits, Interviews and On-Line Survey Results Figure 5: Bower Mall GarbageCompactor Figure 6: Bower Mall Cardboard Compactor 1.2 Red Deer Hospital The Red Deer Hospital also utilizes onsite compactor bins to reduce the volume of nonhazardous waste directed to the landfill. The hospital has one cardboard bin and four smaller totes available for comingled recyclables, all of which go to the MRF for recycling. Confidential paper recycling is shredded onsite by Merlin Shredding Inc. The hospital hopes to expand paper recycling to include newsprint and magazines soon as well as enhance current recycling practices, however is in part limited by cost barriers. The idea that recycling costs more than general waste is a common misconception of businesses in Red Deer. Consultation with service providers confirmed that recycling fees are in fact more affordable than waste handling and landfill disposal fees. 1.3 The Collicut Centre The Collicut Centre manages recycling in house. Recyclables are collected and stockpiled until staff can conveniently deliver them to a recycling depot while conducting purchasing for the centre. 1.4 Schools Larger institutions were also contacted regarding their current garbage and recycling practices. All Red Deer Public Schools, and several separate schools, opted to be serviced through the City s recycling contract for cardboard and commingled recycling collection. Page 3 of 7

198 Appendix D ICI Audits, Interviews and On-Line Survey Results Figure 7: Lindsay Thurber Recycling Toters 1.5 Red Deer College Red Deer College (RDC) has numerous initiatives directed at reducing waste generated onsite. The college strives to divert materials from the landfill through a composting program that deals with yard waste and horticultural trimmings. The college also practices grasscycling by leaving cuttings on their lawns. This practice reduces volumetric strain on the small scale composting system and helps to retain both soil moisture and nutrients. To further divert organics from their waste stream RDC is keen to participate in a City-run composting program or initiate a larger scale operation on their own property. Classrooms and facilities currently have 3-stream waste bins, separating garbage, paper recycling and refundable beverage containers. Other special bins, shown in Figure 9, exist to collect disposable cups which are later combined with cardboard recycling in a 40 cubic yard bin. Other initiative on campus include: The campus food services contractor, Chartwells, encourages recycling and sustainability (Figure 13) campus wide, in part by offering a 10 cent discount for using personal reusable coffee/tea mugs. Food services employees recycle materials into four black toters, whose contents are later picked up and taken to the MRF. Paper Cuts provides confidential shredding and newsprint recycling restaurant outlets on campus also recycle by utilizing a comingled recycling bin Metal waste from RDC s welding program is collected in two bins and recycled through local providers. Furniture (office chairs, desks, etc.) is donated to Habitat ReStore. RDC also has instituted Green Campus scholarships, funded by revenue from the collection of refundable beverage containers. The Great Garage Give Away is an annual event at RDC and allows students and staff to bring items they no longer use or want to a common area where they can be traded or given away. The extensive on campus to reduce, reuse and recycle are highly commendable. It was noted that the variety of bin sizes, colours and signage, evident in paper recycling containers (Figure 8 and Figure 12), could be a barrier to higher performance due to a lack of program continuity. Creating a branded system that is easily recognizable, and promotes visual recall could help increase participation. Page 4 of 7

199 Appendix D ICI Audits, Interviews and On-Line Survey Results Figure 8: RDC Paper Recycling Receptacle Figure 9: RDC Paper Coffee Cup Recycling Bin Figure 10: RDC Waste and Recycling Bins Figure 11: RDC Cardboard Recycling Bin Page 5 of 7

200 Appendix D ICI Audits, Interviews and On-Line Survey Results Figure 12: Another type of Paper Recycling Container at RDC Figure 13: RDC Food Court Management, Chartwells, Sustainability Poster 2 ICI Survey Results Red Deer businesses were invited via notice from the Chamber of Commerce, as well as other associations like the Red Deer Home Builders, and in person (via bookmark handouts during business visits and public events) to participate in a brief online survey regarding waste and recycling practices. There were 23 respondents, comprised of educational institutions (5%), manufacturing businesses / warehouses (5%), medical businesses (5%), professional service providers (14%), retail stores (19%) and other classifications (52%. including an auto repair shop, non-profit organization, real estate development, construction tradespersons, etc.) from which highlights are summarized below. A range of business sizes were represented by the respondents, the majority (44%) employing 10 or less staff, followed by 33% with staff members, 13% having 251 or more staff. Participating businesses employing staff and staff accounted for 4% and 9% respectively. Typical materials generated and current handling methods are illustrated in Figure 14 Responses suggest that commonly recycled materials (cardboard, paper, etc.) are in fact being put into the garbage. Future diversion opportunities are also evident in Figure 14, namely with regard to food waste which can be composted. Page 6 of 7

201 Appendix D ICI Audits, Interviews and On-Line Survey Results number of respondents Don't have Recycle/Compost Put in garbage Reuse Figure 14: Commercial Waste Materials Handling When asked who collects their garbage, 35% of respondents specified their contracted collection company, 40% indicated they utilize The City of Red Deer contractor, and 25% did not know. Recyclables are reportedly handled by Paper Cuts, Waste Management, BFI Canada, and other collection companies and staff members. Garbage containers are shared by 41% of businesses, while only 15% share recycling containers. The survey also identified the main barrier to businesses recycling as the inability to find a recycling service. Cost, time and labour, and available space were also noted issues. 58% of businesses reported further challenges related to recycling, some of which stem from City bylaws (inability for businesses to participate in the City s recycling collection program) and inaccessibility to collection options (e.g., no alternative for food waste). The majority of businesses that responded to the survey (86%) do not face challenges with garbage collection and the 14% who do mentioned service not being prompt (on-time) and special handling protocols (e.g., healthcare waste). Recommendations for improvements to garbage and recycling services in Red Deer reflected a desire for increased access to recycling in the downtown core, more recycling bins around businesses and multi-material recycling bins. Providing for more information regarding recyclable materials was also suggested, as well as landfill bans and mandatory recycling. Providing an informative brochure / pamphlet in monthly utility bills, outlining what recycling services are available in Red Deer, was also suggested. Page 7 of 7

202 Appendix E: Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Government Leadership Markham, Ontario Population: 301,709 Definition Municipalities lead by example by establishing progressive waste reduction policies and programs. Examples include green procurement policies and aggressive waste reduction and diversion programs in all municipal operations. Description The Civic Center is Markham s first zero waste facility. In moving towards this goal several changes to existing department programs took place: Town Department Asset Management Purchasing Strategic Services Oversees Garbage collection Food services Special events Changes Removed all garbage containers from staff work stations and offices (went from 500 containers to 45) Provided a small blue box at each desk Staff was instructed to empty as needed into larger centralized recycling container Introduced centralized organics containers Internal material bans from garbage Zero Waste Food and Catering Services and Events Policy Local Food Plus Procurement Practices Zero Waste Food and Catering Services and Events Policy Central Recycling and Organics Station Employee Workstation Kit Page 1 of 42

203 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Internal Bans Civic Centre Restaurant Reflections Recycling and Organics Bin Internal bans from Civic Centre garbage are used for the following materials: Batteries Grass Paint cans Blue box recyclables Ink cartridges Plastic pails Computers Leaf and yard material Pop cans Construction materials Metal items Propane tanks Coroplast signs Office paper Wood Corrugated cardboard Organic material Wooden skids Garbage from home or other facilities Zero Waste Food and Catering Services and Events Policy Effective July 1, 2008, all food services operations and Town-run events in the Civic Centre will conform to Markham s Zero Waste Food and Catering Service Policy. Example Policy statements include: Suppliers shall recycle and/or compost all materials possible. Suppliers shall purchase coffee in reusable, recyclable or compostable containers or packaging only. Condiments such as tea bags, sugar, milk, cream, mustard, ketchup, jam in single serve nonrecyclable packets are prohibited. Polystyrene (foam) plastic products for food or beverages is prohibited. Reusable china dinnerware and stainless steel service ware is preferred. Paper products such as coffee cups and plates shall contain post-consumer fibre and be recyclable or compostable. Biodegradable paper cups made of corn and 100% recycled unbleached compostable napkins are preferred. Zero Waste and recycling instructions shall be visible in the food preparation and service areas. Educational materials approved by the Town will be visible and available. Suppliers are encouraged to offer price incentives for the use of reusable mugs or cups. Suppliers are encouraged to donate surplus food to local shelters and food banks. For a complete copy of the Zero Waste Policy: Food and Catering Services visit E4243FC71258/0/zerowaste_policy09.pdf Page 2 of 42

204 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Effective January 1, 2009, all food services operations in Town-owned or leased facilities and Town-run events are required to conform to this Policy. All food services for Town-sponsored events are prohibited from using polystyrene food serving products, effective January 1, Zero Waste Staff Functions With Refreshments Policy The Town also has specified performance standards, similar to above policy, that must be met for staff functions including meetings, parties and celebrations. Example Policy statements include: Polystyrene (foam) plastic products for food or beverages is prohibited. Condiments such as tea bags, sugar, milk, cream, mustard, ketchup, jam in single serve nonrecyclable packets are prohibited. Napkin dispensers are preferred over piles of loose napkins. Drinking water in pitchers is preferred over serve plastic bottles. Using cellophane to wrap prepared food is to be avoided. Local Food Plus Procurement Practices In a related program, effective June 2008, Markham was the first municipality in Canada to adopt Local Food Plus (LFP) procurement practices for its municipal food services. This initiative assists supporting Ontario s farm economy, addresses climate change, reduces greenhouse gases and pesticide use, and promotes environmentally responsible purchasing. LFP certification requires farmers to adhere to strict guidelines representing significant progress in the transition to sustainable development practices. With the assistance of LFP, Markham will ensure a minimum of 10 percent of its material and produce comes from LFP certified Ontario farmers, with future increases of five percent each year. Zero Waste Zero Waste Office Supplies Policy The Town of Markham is developing a policy that covers paper reuse and documents. For instance, any consultant that wishes to submit a proposal to the Town of Markham must do so on 80%-100% recycled content paper. Additionally, the proposal must not contain any plastic sheets or cerlox binding. Green Procurement The Town of Markham has a draft green procurement policy. Presently the Town purchases Fair Trade coffee and recycled content paper products (toilet paper, paper towels and photocopy paper) even though the green procurement policy is not official the spirit of the policy is in place. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Medium high reduction potential for City-generated waste. Depends on types of programs/policies implemented. Since implementing the City Hall (500 employees) recycling and composting programs, waste has decreased from one 14 yard bin being collected twice a week to nine locked 65 gallon toters being collected every six weeks. When the City plastic bag recycling program starts it is anticipated that two 65-gallon toters will be collected every six weeks. Page 3 of 42

205 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Lessons Learned Councilors and senior staff did not like change, they had a tremendous sense of entitlement of the level of service that they should receive at work. They fought change on every level. Ensure that significant education (e.g., cost savings, stewardship) is available prior, during and after change. Start with the area you have most control over. Develop relationship with key departments. Action from several Departments may be required to move forward with zero waste (e.g., Asset Management, Purchasing and Strategic Services) and zero waste may not be considered a top priority by each Department. Educate public about your achievements. Communities with Similar Program Brandon, MB (Pop: 46,061) Effective January 1, 2012 the sale and provision of single-use bottled water has been eliminated at all City owned and operated facilities. Reusable water bottles are available at these facilities for purchase along with water filling stations. London, ON (Pop: 366,151) In 2008 the City of London banned selling bottled water at city-owned sites. Santa Monica, CA (Pop: 89,736) Polystyrene ban (all polystyrene including expanded polystyrene and clear styrene) adopted January 9, For all City facilities and operations, city managed concessions, and city sponsored and permitted events the ban was effective February 9, For all food service providers it was effective February 9, Requires that all plastic takeout food packaging be recyclable. Spruce Grove, AB (Pop: 26,171) The City of Spruce Grove is committed to sustainable development and supports environmentally positive initiatives. In order to promote environmental leadership and responsibility the City always considers environmentally superior product choices in procurement decisions. The Spruce Grove Purchasing Policy, adopted May 24, 2005, states that the goods and services necessary for the provision of municipal services are obtained in an effective, expedient, and environmentally friendly manner and at the best overall value (City of Spruce Grove, 2005). For more information see the next section, Green Procurement Education. Toronto, ON (Pop: 2,615,060) Facilities Management (FM) operates the City s Civic Centres and many other City buildings throughout Toronto. With nearly 7,500 staff from 22 divisions, FM created a recycling program called No Waste. In 2004 No Waste was adopted by all staff working in City owned buildings. This program diverts office waste along with fluorescent bulbs, cell phones, inkjet and laser cartridges and batteries. In 2004 FM recycled 71% of office workplace waste; in 2010 it recycled 85% with 17 office workplaces sowing waste diversion ranging from 61% to 92%. Page 4 of 42

206 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Toronto Internal Deskside Recycling Centre with Small Garbage Container Toronto Internal Centralized Recycling Centre Over the next few years the City offer its Green Bin organics collection to City facilities and will include vendor-take-back clauses in contracts. For more information on the City s internal waste diversion programs visit Contact Claudia Marsales Manager, Solid Waste Management Town of Markham 101 Town Centre Boulevard Markham, ON L3R 9W3 T: (905) ext cmarsales@markham.ca Page 5 of 42

207 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Green Procurement Richmond, British Columbia Population: 190,473 Definition Internal and community education supporting environmentally-preferable products and services by giving them preference in purchasing decisions (e.g., purchasing products with recycled content supports markets for recyclable materials). Procurement is also one of the most important areas for governments to show environmental leadership. Description Through leading by example the City of Richmond s Environmental Purchasing Policy was adopted in It states that: In order to increase the development and awareness of environmentally sound products and services, City of Richmond staff will review their contracts and tender specifications for goods and services, to ensure that wherever possible and economically feasible, specifications are amended to provide for consideration of environmental characteristics. Consideration may be given to those environmental products that are certified by an independent accredited organization. The City of Richmond as a whole will endeavour to increase its use of products and services that are more responsible to the environment in the way that they are made, used, transported, stored and packaged and disposed of. It is recognized that analysis is required in order to ensure that the products are made available at competitive prices, and that the environmental benefits provided by a product or service should not significantly affect the intended use of that product or service (City of Richmond, 2001). Purchasing is decentralized and there is no one individual in charge of the green procurement policy. The decision to buy green products is left to each department. Examples of City green purchases include recycled-content paper (e.g., photocopy paper, toilet paper and paper towels), environmentally friendly janitorial cleaning products and recycled-content blue boxes. In 2001 the City of Richmond developed an Environmental Purchasing Guide to complement the Policy and assist City staff and other municipal staff across British Columbia in selecting products. This guide is located at and outlines environmental guidelines for common products that municipalities would purchase (e.g., office supplies, lighting, janitorial products, vehicles and maintenance). Sample specifications and local recycled product listings are also presented. Page 6 of 42

208 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Richmond Environmental Purchasing Guide In 2002 the City introduced an environmental purchasing checklist for suppliers to complete. The City s Terms and Conditions of Contract, including the checklist, is provided at the end of this section. The City website also has general information for individuals to consider when looking for environmentally friendly products and links to a variety of purchasing resources. From the Environmental Purchasing Policy came the High Performance Building Policy, adopted in 2005, whereby LEED-BC Gold accreditation was set as the desired standard of performance for new City buildings greater than 2,000 ft 2 and the City will seek to meet LEED-BC Silver certification as the minimum requirement for major renovations to existing facilities and new City buildings smaller than 2,000 ft 2, but may not necessarily seek formal accreditation. The next step for the City of Richmond is to move towards a sustainability purchasing policy and guide that will include environmental, economic and social considerations. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low reduction potential if not accompanied by incentives. Important that the City walks the talk regarding green purchasing. There is no formal tracking of this Policy. This program is considered to be successful as the information was shared with the Greater Vancouver Regional District (now Metro Vancouver) in 2001 and in 2009 the City is still receiving municipal information requests regarding the Policy. Lessons Learned Important to educate City staff and ensure that they understand the Guide and the intent of the Policy at the beginning. Ongoing education is needed. One challenge the City faces is with suppliers which are often small companies who are not aware of the environmental issues regarding their products (e.g., carpet cleaners). They typically do not have enough information to sufficiently fill out the checklist provided by the City. Another challenge is for the City to become knowledgeable on green products and services options. It is difficult to become informed on all products and services as there is not enough staff to do so. The City relies on the environmental market demonstrating their products and services. If the City realized that this Policy would gain so much attention by other municipalities it would have implemented some type of success tracking system. Consider dedicating City resources to assist departments with applying Guide concepts. Page 7 of 42

209 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Communities/Organizations with Similar Program CalRecycle CalRecycle (California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery), formerly the California Integrated Waste Management Board, provides website education on environmentally preferable purchasing ( that can be used by both residents and businesses. To reduce the quantity and toxicity of waste, information is available on purchasing recycled, repairable and durable goods. A Green Guide and the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Best Practices Manual is available online along with the Recycled Content Products Directory ( EcoLogo M Environment Canada s EcoLogo M Program provides consumers with a level of assurance that the product bearing the EcoLogo M, EcoLogo s symbol of environmental excellence, meets stringent environmental criteria. The mark also tells the consumer that the manufacturer of the product has been audited by a credible third party. Started by the Government of Canada in 1988, the EcoLogo M Program is one of many ecolabelling programs around the world rewarding products and services for their environmental leadership. To date, over 3,000 products and services have attained certification with the program. For more information visit Eco label certification programs are found worldwide and include, but are not limited to: Country Australia Brazil Germany Hong Kong India Japan Korea New Zealand Sweden Spain Thailand Ukraine United States Certification Program The Australian Ecolabel Program Brazilian Ecolabelling Blue Angel Green Label Scheme Eco Mark Eco Mark Environmental Labelling Environmental Choice New Zealand TCO AENOR-Medio Ambiente Thai Green Label Living Planet Green Seal Local Food Plus Local Food Plus (LFP) is an award winning non-profit organization that brings farmers and consumers to the table to share the benefits of environmentally and socially responsible food production. LFP is a national organization that currently focuses on Ontario, and in particular the Greenbelt around the Greater Toronto area. Similar to EcoLogo M, a certification process is available to obtain the LFP certification mark. LFP certified farmers and processors work to: Page 8 of 42

210 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Employ sustainable production systems that: Reduce or eliminate synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Avoid the use of harmones, antibiotics and genetic engineering. Conserve soil and water. Provide safe and fair working conditions for on-farm labour. Provide healthy and humane care of livestock. Protect and enhance wildlife habitat and biodiversity on working farm landscapes. Reduce food-related energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions through energy conservation, recycling, minimal packaging and local sales. For more information visit Spruce Grove, AB (Pop: 26,171) The City of Spruce Grove is committed to sustainable development and supports environmentally positive initiatives. In order to promote environmental leadership and responsibility the City always considers environmentally superior product choices in procurement decisions. The Spruce Grove Purchasing Policy, adopted May 24, 2005, states that the goods and services necessary for the provision of municipal services are obtained in an effective, expedient, and environmentally friendly manner and at the best overall value (City of Spruce Grove, 2005). This Policy also states that the City of Spruce Grove will ensure that the short and long term environmental costs are factored into all purchasing decisions. Completing a life cycle analysis will outline the short and long term costs of a product or service. A comprehensive examination of a product s environmental and economic effects throughout its lifetime include: new material extraction, transportation, manufacturing, use, and disposal. General criteria to be considered for all purchases include: Purchase reusable, recycled, and recyclable products. Products made from the highest available recycled content and/or post-consumer content. Durable products, with a long life expectancy, as opposed to single-use goods. Products that are energy efficient, can be recharged, run on renewable fuels or reduce water use. Non-toxic, minimally toxic, and/or biodegradable products. Products that are produced or locally or regionally to reduce shipping and packaging requirements. For packaging materials the following criteria is to be considered: Products that have minimal or no packaging. Bulk product when available Pro-actively discuss both efficiencies and methods of reducing packaging requirements with suppliers, on an ongoing basis. Acquire packaging, where possible, that is refillable, recyclable, reusable or returnable. Environmental sustainability is one of six purchasing factors that must be considered including cost. Typically paying 10% more for green products is acceptable. City staff selects options from the Environmental Choice (EcoLogo M ) or EnergyStar programs and vendors are required to identify green options. Page 9 of 42

211 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples This policy is not formally tracked but is considered to be successful. For example, Corporate Services has switched all departments to recycled content paper and the use of environmentally friendly cleaning products is now part of the janitorial contract. In order to achieve success in policy implementation, staff buy-in and office champions are needed. Resistance to change is considered a challenge. Whistler, BC (Pop: 9,824) On December 4, 2006 the Resort Municipality of Whistler adopted a Purchasing Policy (F-29) which states that one of the Guiding Principles is that the Resort Municipality of Whistler will employ municipal purchasing activities that demonstrate our commitment to moving our community toward Whistler s adopted sustainability objectives: Eliminate Whistler s contribution to: Progressive build-up in concentrations of waste derived from the earth s crust. Progressive build-up in concentrations of materials produced by society. Ongoing physical degradation of nature. Undermining other people s ability to meet their needs (Resort Municipality of Whistler, 2006). Under best practices, Whistler must communicate the commitment to sustainability to all suppliers and contractors as a means of encouraging upstream improvements in product development and availability (Resort Municipality of Whistler, 2006). The Resort Municipality also has a Sustainable Purchasing Guide (2006) that discusses sustainable purchasing and the six steps of product assessment. A copy of this guide is located at Contact Suzanne Bycraft Manager of Fleet and Environmental Programs City of Richmond 6911 No. 3 Road Richmond, BC V6Y 2C1 T: (604) Page 10 of 42

212 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Community Engagement Herefordshire and Worcestershire Councils, United Kingdom Population: 180,000 (Herefordshire); 558,000 (Worcestershire) Definition Community engagement can be used in conjunction with specific community-based social marketing campaigns to build overall community awareness, support and participation in diversion initiatives. Description The goals of the Love Food Hate Waste campaign were to raise awareness of the need to reduce food waste, reduce the level of food waste being sent to landfill and help residents to save money. The specific objectives of the Love Food Hate Waste Campaign were to increase the percentage of people committed to reducing food waste by 10% over a six-month period from October 2008 to April 2009; and as a result divert more than 2,000 tonnes of food waste from landfill. The campaign was a mix of advertising, community engagement, and public relations. Key elements included: pre- and post campaign surveys; 30 roadshows (meeting local groups and having booth at local events and in public places); trial door-to-door engagement with eight food champions visiting 22,000 households; billboards; bus, press and radio ads; press liaison and editorials; 20,000 leaflets, plus posters. The campaign was successful in increasing the percentage of Committed Food Waste Reducers from 13% to 23%. As a result, it was estimated that the campaign reduced food waste generation by 2,340 tonnes by April The campaign costs were 30% lower than the cost of disposal, estimated on a per tonne basis. Direct one-on-one engagement was considered to have been positive and effective. However, the door-to-door outreach component of the campaign was considered to be less efficient for directly engaging citizens regarding food waste habits due to the complex issues associated with food culture and behaviour. For future roll out of the Love Food Hate Waste campaign, the plan will be to collaborate with civil society groups as well as expanding the Master Composter leadership and outreach program. For more information visit See also: WRAP case studies: Reduction Potential Low to moderate. Communities with Similar Programs Mecklenburg County, NC (923,400) Recycling Ambassadors Program. The mission of the program is to recognize and reward Mecklenburg County businesses that are committed to building a strong community and foster an environment of stewardship to reduce, reuse and recycle waste in the workplace and purchase recycled products. Businesses are engaged and rewarded in various ways, and performance of the program is monitored. Events that bring participants together for recognition, education and networking opportunities are held a few times per year. One Wipe Out Waste Ambassadors event focused on supporting businesses in their efforts to promote Earth Day. As part of this initiative, the County hosted a luncheon discussion on how to promote Earth Day using social media. The event was attended by 40 business and institutional representatives. A presentation by a communications company provided information and advice on how to get the message out via social media. gram.aspx City of Corvalis, OR (55,000) Corvallis Recycling Block Captains Program. Initiated by the Corvallis Sustainability Coalition in December 2010, this program engages volunteer residents to distribute recycling information to their neighbors four times a year, serving as points of contact for Page 11 of 42

213 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples recycling, and liaising between the community and the coalition. The program has acquired 70 block captains thus far. Some have taken on this role after completing the Master Recycler class offered by Allied Waste Services in conjunction with Oregon State University. The Coalition plans to expand the block captain program by engaging current block captains to train new captains, similar to the Master Recycler concept. Cities of Albany, Astoria, Bend, Coos Bay, Medford and Pendleton, OR Using Community Engagement to Increase Refrigerator Recycling. Non-profit agency Energy Trust of Oregon operates a refrigerator incentive and take-back program aimed at encouraging residents to switch to more energy efficient models. The program had successful results in the capital city of Portland but was less effective in outlying regions due to lack of awareness and skepticism. Between 2009 and 2011, Energy Trust initiated a community engagement program to increase participation in six communities, with a particular focus on direct outreach and community-specific media campaigning. A Fridge Recycling Challenge was launched in each community with the objective of identifying the oldest fridge still in use; the winner would receive a new energy efficient model. Print, radio and web advertising was used, as well as social media; media outreach resulted in extensive coverage. The result was a triple digit increase in the number of refrigerators picked up in each city, compared to prior years. Greater Victoria, BC (350,000) Annual Pumpkin Smash Community Event. The Greater Victoria Compost Education Centre, in partnership with the Capital Regional District, Ellice Recycle and Thrifty s Foods, organizes an annual post-halloween pumpkin collection and smash community event. It is intended to engage citizens on the issue of organic waste in a fun, family setting, as well as to divert pumpkin waste. The annual invitation to Do the Pumpkin Smash is widely advertised and supported through a range of community-based outreach networks. Collection points are provided in various locations on one weekend after Halloween. Over 13 tonnes of pumpkin waste was collected for composting in City of Oldham, UK. (220,000) Engaging Culturally Diverse Community in Implementation of New Recycling Service. In 2008, Oldham implemented an updated and expanded collection program that introduced a new weekly organics collection service, and shifted the existing recycling program to a biweekly schedule along with garbage. Oldham has a highly ethnically and economically diverse population, including a significant population of English as a second language speakers. A community engagement campaign was designed specifically to target ethnic minority residents in 11,000 households. Elements of the campaign included: one-on-one engagement through walkabouts in housing estates and meetings with community groups; engagement with community leaders and inter-faith groups; employment of community language speakers to lead outreach events; production of multi-language print and branding materials, as well as use of graphics and photos to explain the program. Use of community language speakers, and engagement with community leaders in order to build trust were found to be keys to success. The results showed that participation in the new paper recycling and comingled recycling collection rose by 43% compared to the pre-campaign old program. Participation in the new organics collection exceeded the local target. London Borough of Waltham Forest, UK (227,100) Engaging Diverse Communities In Work On Recycling. The objective of this 2007 outreach initiative was to engage black, Asian and minority ethnic communities in the borough of Waltham Forest in order to increase their involvement and participation in recycling. The primary approach was to meet with approximately 40 community and faith-based organizations in the area in order to start a conversation about recycling. It was found that these groups rely on informal networking, conversations and peer support for their pubic service information rather than on formal communications channels such as print materials and electronic media. Therefore, the Borough should prioritize informal networks, face-to-face discussions and person-to-person linkages for the purposes of ongoing engagement with these communities. Page 12 of 42

214 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Community-Based Social Marketing Edmonton, Alberta Population: 812,201 Definition Proven social marketing techniques are incorporated into program education/promotion activities to effectively change behaviors. The community-based social marketing process centres on uncovering barriers that inhibit individuals from engaging in sustainable behaviours, it focuses on tools that have demonstrated to be effective in fostering and maintaining behaviour change, then piloting takes place on a small portion of the community followed by ongoing evaluation once the program has been implemented community-wide. The following information is from Doug McKenzie-Mohr and William Smith s Fostering Sustainable Behaviour: An Introduction to Community-Based Social Marketing (1999). Uncovering barriers involves three steps: 1) Literature review (e.g., articles, reports, websites and databases) Assists with identifying issues to be explored further with residents. 2) Focus groups A focus group consists of six to eight residents who have been randomly selected and are paid to discuss issues that the literature review has identified as important. Focus groups are an essential step in enhancing the understanding of how community residents view the behavior to be promoted. 3) Phone survey A phone survey allows for the views of a randomly selected larger group of residents. Focus groups ensure that a more comprehensive survey is constructed and that questions contained in the survey will be readily understood by respondents. Behaviour change centres on five tools that help overcome barriers: 1) Commitment From good intentions to action. For instance, when distributing compost units, ask when the resident expects to begin to use the unit and inquire if someone can call shortly afterward to see if they are having any difficulties or ask households who have just been delivered a compost unit to place a sticker on the side of their recycling container indicating that they compost. 2) Prompts Remembering to act sustainably. For example, distribute grocery list pads that remind shoppers every time they look at their grocery list to shop for products that have recycled content, are recyclable or have less packaging. One can also place signs at the entrances to supermarkets reminding shoppers to bring their reusable shopping bags into the store and/or distribute car window stickers with the purchase of reusable shopping bags; the stickers can be placed on the window next to the car lock to remind people to bring their reusable bags into the store. 3) Norms Building community support. For instance, affix a decal to the recycling container indicating that "We Compost" or affix a decal to the recycling container indicating that the household buys recycled products. Page 13 of 42

215 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples 4) Communication Creating effective messages. Several techniques can be used and are not limited to the following: Ensure that the message is vivid, personal and concrete Have the message delivered by an individual or organization who is credible with the audience Make communications easy for residents to remember what to do and how and when to do it When possible, use personal contact to deliver the message Provide feedback to both the individual and community levels about the impact of sustainable behaviours 5) Incentives Enhancing motivation to act. For instance, invoke user fees to increase motivation to recycle, compost and source reduction or attach a sizable deposit on household hazardous waste to provide the motivation necessary for individuals to take leftover products to a depot for proper disposal. The above tools are powerful but they can be ineffective if significant external barriers exist. If the behavior is inconvenient, unpleasant, costly or time-consuming, no matter how well internal barriers are addressed the community-based social marketing strategy will be unsuccessful. Removing or minimizing external barriers is imperative. Examples include: It is too inconvenient to obtain a compost unit. Solution: Deliver compost units door-to-door. When compost units are delivered for free, as they were in a pilot project in the City of Waterloo, Ontario participation rates can rival those for recycling programs. In that pilot project, a door hanger was distributed to 300 homes informing residents that they had been selected to receive a free composting unit. Of the 300 homes that were contacted, 253 (or 84%) agreed to accept compost units. In a follow-up survey, 77% of these households were found to be using their compost units. It is difficult to identify products that are recyclable or have recycled content. Solution: Provide prompts that make their identification easier. The inconvenience of taking household hazardous waste to a depot results in little of this waste being diverted from the landfill. Solution: Provide semi-annual hazardous waste home collection dates. Pass a municipal bylaw which mandates that hazardous materials must carry a sticker indicating that the product is a hazardous waste and when the collection dates are in that area. Once barriers are identified and prioritized, and behaviour change tools are selected that match the barriers, the next stage is program design. At this time, a pilot project can be established. When the pilot is effectively changing behaviour, a community-wide program can be implemented. Evaluation of the community-wide implementation can focus on baseline information in the activity prior to implementation and at several points afterwards. Additional information, including articles, reports, case studies and a list serve is located at Description The City of Edmonton has a highly integrated waste management system with social marketing and community relations being key components. Extensive blue box to blue bag and grasscycling social marketing campaigns were conducted in 1999 and respectively. Page 14 of 42

216 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples The City decided to use social marketing tools as an alternative to information campaigns in order to change residential behaviour. Barriers to grasscycling and switching from the blue box to blue bag system were identified followed by the development of a strategy using behaviour change tools, a pilot took place including evaluation and then community-wide implementation. Behaviour change strategies utilized include: Blue Box to Blue Bag Direct mail with sample bags Bags for boxes exchange Open house Volunteers Advertising (print and tv) Grasscycling Two pilots: Direct mail and home visits Direct mail and demonstration yard Product tags Promotions (draw) Television and transit advertising Media interviews Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low to high reduction potential. Impacts each individual program. A 2006 telephone survey and visual observations indicate that the City blue bag recycling program has an 88% voluntary participation rate. The same survey shows that grasscycling has increased to 39% participation compared to 26% from before grasscycling social marketing took place. Additionally, the grasscycling web page hits increased from 546 in 2005 to 5,771 in Lessons Learned Tips for applying social marketing tools to waste diversion programs from the City of Edmonton are: Every waste activity requires a unique social marketing program Research is essential Do not rely on a single communication vehicle Repeat, repeat, repeat Measure behaviour Communities/Events with Similar Program Don t Mess With Texas This extensive campaign, sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation, started in 1986 to educate Texans about the high cost of litter and promoting litter prevention through award-winning billboard, radio and television advertisements. Road litter has dropped about a third since 2001 with the assistance of household names including Willie Nelson, Matthew McConaughey and LeAnn Rimes. Messin With Texas, high school curriculum kits are available to teachers along with an elementary school outreach program called Litter Force. Don t Mess With Texas also partners with colleges and universities to promote school spirit with a CampusCleanup event, and communities across the state can have fun learning about litter prevention through a summer outreach program. The Trash 4 Ca$h competition is also extremely popular where by high schools compete against one another for cash prizes. Litter bags, bumper stickers and decal are available at no cost from the campaign website. Every two years this campaign conducts an Attitudes and Behaviors Results study that focuses on awareness of the Don t Mess with Texas campaign slogan, assesses litter behaviour levels and Page 15 of 42

217 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples measures the persuasiveness of attitudinal and informative statements on one s likelihood to litter less or dispose of litter properly. For more information, visit Griffin, GA (Pop: 23,643) Griffin has the only mandatory residential curbside recycling program in Georgia. This program started in March 2007 and residents who fail to put out their 35 gallon recycling cart at the curb on the designated collection day forfeit their garbage collection for that day. City officials noticed that residents of the Monday route were setting out their recycling and garbage carts but that the recycling carts were only partially full and being put out so that garbage would be collected. After a three month residential grassroots education campaign that attempted to break down the barriers keeping residents from filling their carts weekly the City of Griffin reported a collection volume increase of 22% when compared to the same period in The effort began in October 2008 when officials launched a campaign designed to reach city residents through strategic advertising, participation at local events, a partnership with Keep Spalding-Griffin Beautiful and media relations with the help of the Curbside Value Partnership (a national invitation-only program of Keep America Beautiful). Every Sunday from October to December a ¼ page ad was placed in the local newspaper. Additionally, the Monday route received three flyers, a different one the first week of each month from October - December, with their recycling cart that focused on removing the perception that recycling is something difficult. An interesting fact about the City of Griffin is that it went from no city run recycling programs to mandatory recycling in 2007 for residents and the commercial sector (cardboard only). For more information contact Phil Francis, City of Griffin Director of Central Services at (770) Riding Mountain National Park, MB The 60 Tonne Challenge Sticker Campaign was a program to increase recyclables collected in Wasagaming to 60 tonnes a year. Stickers were purchased at the Friends of Riding Mountain National Park Nature Shop for $1.00 each. The sticker was attached to one bag or box of clean unsorted recyclables that was dropped off at the Recycling Depot. Friends staff ensured that the recyclables were placed in the correct container. This program ran from In 2012 Parks Canada is reviewing Riding Mountain National Park waste diversion programs. Waste Reduction Awards Program CalRecycle (California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery), formerly the California Integrated Waste Management Board, coordinates the Waste Reduction Awards Program (WRAP) which provides the opportunity for California businesses to gain public recognition for their outstanding efforts to reduce waste. Businesses do not compete against each other as each business is judged independently based on individual accomplishments. Successful applicants receive an award certificate from the State of California along with a camera-ready WRAP WINNER logo and window decal. The logo can be used on products, advertising and business websites to publicize waste reduction efforts. In addition, CalRecycle publicizes WRAP winners via local and statewide press releases and they are listed on the CalRecycle WRAP website. Since 1993, more than 17,000 awards have been given to 4,288 California businesses, many being multiple-year winners. The following are examples of how the WRAP winner logo is being promoted: AT&T Yellow Pages, a multi-year winner, places the logo on the back cover of all California white and yellow page telephone directories. Dole Fresh Vegetables printed the logo on its invoices. Nissan Motor Corporation printed the logo on ceramic coffee cups. Bayer Corporation uses the logo in newsletters and/or advertisements. Page 16 of 42

218 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Annually CalRecycle recognizes five of the best examples of nonhazardous waste reduction efforts for the WRAP of the Year award. These businesses serve as waste management models for the rest of their industry. Waste Wise Program This free, voluntary program set up by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) attempts to eliminate municipal solid waste. Participants, including government, nonprofit organizations and large businesses join the program by signing a three year contract and commit to reduce waste, establish waste reduction goals and track progress of their accomplishments. Within six months of joining, partners must set their three year goals in waste prevention, recycling collection and buying or manufacturing products with recycled content. Once the EPA approves an organization s goals, they receive a Waste Wise logo for internal and external use. The EPA also publicizes organizations successful in reducing waste through EPA publications, case studies, and national and regional events. Since launched in 1994 Waste Wise has more than 2,000 members in more than 54 industry sectors and has reported more than 120 million tons of waste reduced and made significant achievements reducing climate change impact. Winnipeg Folk Festival This annual event uses reusable plastic plates for all of its concession stands and for meals served to performers and volunteers backstage. A two dollar deposit is required when picking up a clean plate, which is returned when the used plate is brought back. This program is an integral component of the folk festival as no glass is allowed on site. Reusable mugs are sold by festival staff and concessioners and in 2008 biodegradable beer cups were used in the tavern areas and composted afterwards. Contact Connie Boyce Director of Community Relations City of Edmonton 3rd Floor, Century Plaza A Avenue Edmonton, AB T5J 3A3 McKenzie-Mohr & Associates 248 Eglinton Street Fredericton, NB E3B 2W1 T: (780) T: (506) F: (506) dmm@cbsm.com Page 17 of 42

219 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Community-Based Social Marketing Incentives Hamilton, Ontario Population: 519,949 Definition Incentives are earned on participation in recycling/composting and/or reductions in garbage generated. Incentives provide a positive reinforcement for the desired waste diversion behaviour, and can be a rewarding and effective way to encourage participation. Description To promote successful waste management practices in the home, the City of Hamilton s Waste Management Division launched the Gold Box Reward and Recognition Program in January The Gold Box program recognizes residents who reach and exceed the goal of 65% waste diversion from landfill. Residents are encouraged to complete a ballot provided on the City s website located at From the submitted ballots, 50 properties are randomly selected each month to be audited by the City for household waste, recyclables and source separated organics. All audited households that meet or exceed the community target of 65% waste diversion from landfill receive two gold boxes to use each week for recyclables (instead of the standard blue box), are recognized in the local media and are recognized before City Council during Earth Week or Waste Reduction Week. Participation is voluntary and the contest is only open to households within the City of Hamilton. Hamilton Gold Box Recipients One Grand Prize winner is selected each month. In addition to the above recognition the resident who diverts the most also receives a cheque for $160 to illustrate the savings that can be realized by diverting waste from landfill by recycling and composting. The cheque represents the approximate the value of taxes paid in 2008 for waste management. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Medium reduction potential. To date, the City of Hamilton has recognized 12 Grand Prize winners per year who have achieved an average of 90% waste diversion. Approximately 200 household have received Gold Boxes. Lessons Learned Initially selected 10 residents a month but the Gold Boxes were very slow in being visible to public. In October 2008 started selecting 50 residents a month. A typical month produces winners since approximately 10 no longer want to participate when contacted about Page 18 of 42

220 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples upcoming audit and 10 are disqualified for other reasons (e.g., do not have recycling / organics / waste set out before 7 am or only place out two streams but need three to complete audit). Originally designed to be a surprise audit for residents but realized early on that this is not possible as residents did not place recycling, organics and garbage out. Now call ahead of time to request residents place three streams out the following two weeks. Resource intensive process; hired contractors to complete monthly audits, reports to residents and delivering Gold Boxes. As transportation throughout the city is time consuming, into order streamline the auditing process the City now draws a Ward each month, then draws the name of 50 residents from the selected Ward. Communities/Organizations with Similar Program Austin, TX (Pop: 790,390) The City of Austin s Home Composting Rebate Challenge is a program challenging residents to complete a free composting class, downsize to a 32-gallon trash cart and purchase a home composting system. Residents who complete these tasks are eligible for a 75% rebate off the cost of their new home composting system, up to $75. For more information visit Berkley, CA (Pop: 112,580) On selected days in May and June staff collected trash from randomly selected addresses, with permission from the residents, and searched for recyclables. Those with no recyclable material in their trash were awarded cash prizes of at least $250. If no winners were identified, the prize money rolled over to the next day for a potentially larger reward for the next winner. The Cash for Trash contest is viewed as a unique approach to educating community residents regarding the need for recycling and leveraging the innovation of Berkeley residents in identifying simple strategies to reduce waste. The contest typically stimulates a surge in curbside participation and increased tonnage of material recycled and is part of the City s effort to reach the goal of diverting 75% material away from landfill by In 2003, seven local residents were awarded cash prizes totaling $7,500. Changes Recycling Centre Fourteen Changes Recycling Centres are in the Metro Vancouver area, located next to local Save-On-Foods grocery stores. Changes Recycling Centre offers customers the opportunity to choose cash back or to use cash receipts to purchase Save-On-More bonus points for beverage container refunds. Each cent converts to two Save-On-More points. Most ready-to-drink beverages sold in British Columbia grocery stores are included in the deposit refund program with the exception of milk and milk substitute containers of all types. Alcoholic beverage containers are not sold in grocery stores and are not refunded at Changes. Changes Packaging Return Sign The Voluntary Return Program makes it more convenient for recycling of specific brand packaging. When shopping at Save-On-Foods a shelf tag is placed on products that packaging can be returned at Changes for Save-On-More points. Page 19 of 42

221 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Voluntary Return Program Brand Packaging Accepted Packaging/Material Brands Save-On-More Points Save-On-Foods Corporate Brands Western Family Western Classics 1 point per container Selected National Brands Dairyland Unilever HighLiner Nature s Path 5 points/4l milk jug 1 point per container 1 point per container 1 point per container Milk Jugs 1 All brands 2 points/4 L jug Used Printer Cartridges 2 All brands 10 points/cartridge 1 Limit 30 jugs per family per day 2 Limit 5 cartridges per family per day Changes give customers the opportunity to donate points to charity and Save-On-Foods will match the contribution so the charity receives double the points. Contra Costa County, CA (Pop: 1,049,025) Residents that complete an online form located at and register as a certified composter receive a $1.50 per month garbage bill discount. Annual online recertification is required to receive the rebate. ecoatm Customers can trade-in/trade-up their cellphones, ipods, and MP3 Players. Once approved after a three step inspection process the device can be converted into a trade-up coupon, gift card, cash or into a contribution of your choice. For instance a working Verizon iphone 4 was deemed to be worth $221, but the value depends on the condition of the electronic device scanned. ecoatm Kiosk ecoatm Kiosks are primarily located in southern California mostly in San Diego along with San Francisco, Omaha and Kansas City. It is anticipated that 500 ecoatm machines will be set up in US shopping malls by the end of For more information visit Hastings, England (Pop: 86,900) A pilot was conducted in the Borough of Hastings to test a competition or challenge approach. The competition approach placed different communities in competition with one another to see who could increase their levels of recycling the most. The groups were awarded every two weeks using a variable reward system. The group that demonstrated the Page 20 of 42

222 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples greatest increase in recycling rate would receive the highest reward ( 400) with the group recycling the second highest receiving 200 and the group with the lowest increase receiving 100. The pilot took place with three housing groups throughout the Borough of Hastings. Monitoring was undertaken throughout the pilot to assess any changes in quantities of recyclables set out. The group would be given rewards related to how they performed against the baseline. Recycling containers were monitored three times a week to determine their level of fullness. The pilot scheme appeared to work well in two of the housing groups with levels of recycling far exceeding those set out in the baseline survey. The success was attributed to the level of enthusiasm and community involvement of residents in these areas. No actual results were provided in the study. IKEA After a successful pilot installation near London, England, IKEA will install a significant number of Revend Recycling reverse vending machines that collect domestic light bulbs (launched January 2012) in stores throughout Europe, including the United Kingdom, Germany and Denmark. Customers of IKEA who recycle used light bulbs receive a reward incentive to use in-store and also have the option to make a donation to UNICEF, Save the Children, WWF or the Woodland Trust. IKEA Light Bulb Reverse Vending Machine London, England (Pop: 7,825,200) Two Boroughs in London, England piloted two incentive programs using cash incentives to encourage an increase in household recycling tonnages and participation rates. In the one pilot, participating households (1,240 households) were offered 10 cash incentive if they recycled at least half of the time over the six month pilot period. Each household was given a bar coded recycling bin which was scanned each time it was put out for recycling. Participation rose from 35% to 41% and tonnage collected increased by 34%. At the end of the trial 22% of households received the 10 cash incentive. In the second pilot, participating households (887 households) in a high density housing estate were also offered 10 cash incentive for recycling at least half the time over the six month period. Residents were given booklets containing sticky notes that they attached to their recycling bin each time it was placed out for recycling. These slips were collected when the recycling bins were dumped. Recycling tonnages increased by 27% and 11% of households received the 10 cash incentive at the end of the trial. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) MIT is home to a new reverse vending machine that uses social media, real time analytics and gaming to encourage more recycling. Greenbean Recycle Inc., a software technology company, is the maker of the machines that accept deposit and non-deposit glass and plastic bottles and aluminum cans. During the first three months at MIT, more than 14,000 containers were recycled. Students who recycle containers with deposits can get a refund straight into PayPal account, MIT s student ID, cash or sent as a donation to charity. The machine allows students to use their phone number as a login and tabulates their real-time energy savings. Page 21 of 42

223 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples MIT Beverage Container Reverse Vending Machine Perth and Kinross, Scotland (Pop: 147,780) During August 2009 residents recycling at the eight recycling centres will receive a draw ballot each visit to encourage recycling. Five monthly winners will take home the following prizes: 50 towards bicycle equipment, bus travel on Stagecoach buses, one month membership at any Perth and Kinross Leisure Centre, book vouchers or gardening vouchers. Recyclebank A private business that rewards homes for recycling. Residential Recyclebank recycling containers (35, 64 or 96 gal) have a barcode that is identified by the recycling truck. This program supports a single stream (e.g., paper, cardboard, plastic, glass, tin, aluminum) recycling process. On average, residents earn $8 a week that is translated into Recyclebank Rewards Points (2.5 points for each pound of recyclable material) that residents can use to shop at hundreds of participating stores (e.g., Target, Starbucks, Whole Food Markets). Over 250 businesses participate in this program. Recyclebank operates in numerous US states and cities including: Albuquerque, NM (pop. 545,852) Carrollton, TX (119,097) Cherry Hill, NJ (71,045) Chicago, IL (2,695,598) Eden Prairie, MN (60,797) Everett, MA (41,667) Hartford, CT (124,775) Glassboro, NJ (19,360) Maple Grove, MN (61,567) Mesa, AR (439,041) Plano, TX (259,841) Revere, MA (51,755) Toledo, OH (287,208) Upper Dublin, PA (25,569) Westville, NJ (4,458) Wichita, KS (382,368) Wilmington, DE (70,851) Woolrich, NJ (3,032) Canada Update: Recyclebank is in the planning and development stage for expansion into Ontario. It is in negotiations with several Greater Toronto Area municipalities and hopes to have firm contracts by the end of In addition to traditional recyclable collection this program is looking at the potential to expand into yard waste collection (Nanda, 2009). More information on this program is located at Saskatoon, SK (Pop: 222,189) The City, in partnership with the Saskatchewan Waste Reduction Council, offered $10 rebates to residents for the retail purchase of a backyard composter in Residents needed to fill out a rebate form, attach a copy of the receipt and proof of residency Page 22 of 42

224 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples (e.g., utility bill) for the rebate. Bins purchased from the City truckload sale or compost depots were not eligible as they were already subsidized by the City. Sussex County, England (Pop: 1,245,938) Pilots were conducted in eight communities to determine whether residents would increase their participation in recycling programs if rewarded with vouchers that could be redeemed at local shops. The pilots tested a number of factors including: the level of reward, varying the reward in relation to the recycling activity of householders, location and type of retailers where vouchers could be redeemed and rewarding the community based on overall performance. Each pilot tested a different approach, for example in one pilot, residents that placed their recycling containers out for collection were given a voucher that could be redeemed at participating local shops or a second hand furniture store. In another pilot, the vouchers could only be redeemed at the second hand furniture store. The following table lists different pilot programs and the change in participation rates experienced during the pilots. Sussex County s Voucher Pilot Programs Pilot Participating Households Voucher Reward Approach Awarded vouchers for recycling 2.50 at Green House, 50p at local shops Awarded voucher for recycling 2.50 Furniture warehouse Awarded voucher for recycling 1.25 Shops Awarded voucher for recycling 75p plus extra 50p if placing out more than 1/3 container full Awarded voucher for recycling 50p Shops Awarded voucher for recycling 1 Shops Awarded voucher for recycling 25p, 75p or 1.25 depending on performance of all flats in a block, or household shops All households awarded voucher 25p, 75p or 1.25 depending on level of recycling for all of the area based on weight of recyclables Change in Participation rates 58% pre-pilot to 61% pilot 54% pre-pilot to 54% pilot 59% pre-pilot to 78% pilot 73% pre-pilot to 81% pilot 46% pre-pilot to 54% pilot 56% pre-pilot to 61% pilot Not available Not available ( 1 British pound = $1.58 Canadian dollars) One innovative pilot tested a variable reward program in which residents were given higher rewards for fuller recycling containers. Vouchers were colour coded according to the level of the reward: A recycling container less than one-third full received a red vouchers worth 25p (pence). A recycling container one-third to two-thirds full received an amber voucher worth 75p (pence). A recycling container greater than two-thirds full received a green voucher worth The results varied considerably from community to community. Residents had a clear preference for the vouchers that could be redeemed at different local shops compared with only one specific store. The results for the variable reward approach was inconclusive due to problems encountered with the distribution of the vouchers. Page 23 of 42

225 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples The study concluded that although the vouchers led to an initial increase in participation, by the end of most of the pilots recycling activity returned to similar levels as recorded in the baseline survey. The voucher system did not appear to sustain participation over time. Terracycle A private business in the United States that runs programs whereby Americans sign up to collect waste (e.g., Oreo wrappers, Stonyfield yoghurt cups). Currently, Terracycle donates typically $0.02 per waste unit collected to the charity of the collectors choice. The waste material are them made into bags, backpacks, pencil cases, Christmas stockings and other products. For more information visit Toledo, OH (Pop: 287,208) In 2009 City Council has implemented a $7.00 monthly refuse fee for single family dwellings, duplexes, and apartments of up to four units, with a reduced rate of $2 for residents who signed a pledge to participate in curbside recycling at least once a month. Effective September 1, 2011, Toledo switched to the Recyclebank rewards program for residents. Contact Dennis Guy Project Manager Community Outreach City of Hamilton 120 King Street West, Suite 1170 Hamilton, ON L8P 4V2 T: (905) Dennis.Guy@hamilton.ca Page 24 of 42

226 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Social Media Medicine Hat, Alberta Population: 60,005 Definition Current and emerging electronic technologies that can be used to promote public awareness of reduction, reuse, recycling and composting programs. Description The City offers a free app that allows users to set up regular reminders for garbage and yard waste collection. Residents can view Medicine Hat s collection schedules and waste management information at their fingertips, anytime they want. By using the my-waste platform, Medicine Hat s app lets mobile device users view a full range of waste management information currently on the City s website and the annual Waste Management Calendar. Residents can view collection set-out information, identify materials and locations for recycling drop-off and look up landfill disposal rates. There are currently versions of the app for iphone/ipad, Android and Blackberry Torch while an app for the new generation of RIM smartphones is planned for mid Medicine Hat my-waste App For download information visit 0Waste/my-waste%20App.asp Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low direct diversion potential, but can play an important role in public education. Communities with Similar Program Banff, AB (Pop: 7,584) The Town developed and interactive map of recycling facilities in Banff. Click on the recycling symbols for information on each drop-off location (e.g., address, materials accepted). Page 25 of 42

227 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Banff Interactive Recycling Facility Map To access this map visit Edmonton, AB (Pop: 812,201) SortItOut! is designed to tie into the Waste in Our World Grade 4 Science Curriculum, using Edmonton as an example. One component of this program offers interactive activities where students can move around a colourful city landscape to discover examples of how waste is recycled and reused every day. They can also visit an Eco Station and the Edmonton Waste Management Centre. Other activities include a recycling and pick it up games. To try the interactive activities visit SortItOut! City Discovery Activity Videos are available online so students can watch bottle recycling, cereal box recycling, composting, household hazardous waste, metal recycling and the material recovery facility video clips. To view these video clips visit In addition to the interactive and video components teachers also receive three posters (an overview of the City of Edmonton s waste system, the facilities and processes at the Edmonton Waste Management Centre, and household hazardous waste disposal at an Edmonton Eco-Station and in a small town) that are filled with examples of good waste management practices. An activity booklet, aimed at Grade 4 students, accompanies the posters and contains a number of related activities that can be photocopied as worksheet for students. Page 26 of 42

228 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples SortItOut! was developed by ACCESS Television and the City of Edmonton, with support from Alberta Environment and the Alberta Beverage Container Recycling Corporation. Portland, OR (Pop: 583,776) The City developed a fun, interactive e-training tool to educate employees how to recycle at work. To view this e-tool visit Portland Recycle at Work E-Tool Recycling Council of British Columbia The free BC Recyclepedia Smart Phone App allows users to find their closest recycling depot. This is a quick and simple tool that assists users find over 1,000 drop-off locations and recycling options for over 70 materials or products across British Columbia. This App is available for iphones and Androids, provides users a list of the 10 nearest depots based on the phone location, as well as a Google map with directions. Both App s provide the option to call the Recycling Council of British Columbia Hotline for additional questions. BC Recyclepedia App To download this App visit San Francisco, CA (Pop: 805,235) In order to promote public awareness of the blue cart recycling program the City provides a You Tube video advertisement online. To watch this video visit Surrey, BC (Pop: 468,251) The City offers a free smart phone app called "my-waste" for iphone, ipod Touch and Android mobile devices. The app includes information on collection dates, materials accepted for recycling, composting, disposal, drop-off depots and rates, among others. Personalized alerts such as collection day reminders or service change notices due to a holiday can also be set up. Page 27 of 42

229 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Surrey my-waste App For download information visit University of British Columbia The University created an interactive map showing all of the buildings involved in the organics collection program. Click on the coloured circles for building details. University of British Columbia Interactive Organics Collection Map To access a copy of this map visit Contact Ed Jollymore Manager Solid Waste Utilities City of Medicine Hat 580 First Street SE Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8E6 T: (403) Page 28 of 42

230 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Zero Waste Special Events San Francisco, California Population: 805,235 Definition The City requires, as part of special events permits, for organizers to include waste reduction and diversion elements. Examples are reusable or compostable dishes and cutlery, and collection programs for recyclables and organics. Description The City's special event ordinance requires that all street fairs and special events show proof of garbage and recycling services and a recycling training certificate (or letter from the SF environmental registered recycling provider) has been obtained. San Francisco Special Events Ordinance No requires any applicant seeking permission for the temporary use or occupancy of a public street, a street fair or an athletic event within the city and county that includes the dispensing of beverages or which generates large amounts of other materials to submit a recycling plan. Recycling plans shall include arrangements for collection and disposition of source separated recyclables and/or compostables by a service provider or the event organizer. For effective recycling and composting, clearly labeled recycling and composting receptacles must be sited together with any trash receptacles in convenient locations. Mandates Special Event Ordinance No , (1989) requires all street closures to have a recycling plan. Zero Waste Goal, set by the Board of Supervisors requiring 75% solid waste landfill diversion by 2010 and Zero Waste by The City provides special event training which event planners must attend. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Recycling Station at Carnival San Francisco Low reduction potential overall. High reduction potential for event. Page 29 of 42

231 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Diversion rates vary from event to event and range from 27% to 80%. The factors that attribute to achieving high diversion rates include: Buy in from the Event Producer. Requirement for vendors to use ploy lactic acid products and participation in recycling/composting. Well marked recycling stations with good signage. Monitors at recycling stations. Working with an experienced recycling crew. Limit the number of free give-aways. Communities with Similar Program Austin, TX (Pop: 790,390) Austin Resource Recovery s Event Recycling Program provides services to improve waste diversion at events including free recycling container loans in partnership with Keep Austin Beautiful. Additionally, the City offers a rebate of up to $750 for waste reduction/recycling services at qualifying events. More information on the rebate is located at Bow Valley Waste Management Commission, AB The Bow Valley Waste Management Commission provides recycling equipment and tracking services to area events. In 2012 it provided full support to 28 Towards Zero Waste Special Events including the Banff Dragon Boat Festival, the Canmore Folk Music Festival, the Exshaw Annual Graymont Stampede Breakfast and the Trans Rockies Mountain Bike Race. In total, 6,192 kg was recycled giving a 73% diversion rates for the 28 events combined. For a detailed listing of diversion for each event visit Jasper, AB (Pop: 4,051) - Jasper has made efforts to host special events as Toward Zero Waste Events, and encourages others to do the same. As part of these efforts, the Municipality, together with Parks Canada, developed Towards Zero Waste Events guidelines that outline how event planners can make their event a Zero Waste Event. As an example, the Municipality hosts a Canada Day pancake breakfast where participants are encouraged to bring their own plates and cutlery, or can rent reusable plates at the event. Any food waste is collected for composting, and only bulk condiments are used. Markham, ON (Pop: 301,709) In 2008 Markham Council committed to implementing zero waste at special events. Effective January 1, 2009, all food services operations in Town-owned or leased facilities and Town-run events are required to conform to this Policy. Additionally, all food services for Townsponsored events are prohibited from using polystyrene food serving products in favour of reusable plates, cups and utensils. Markham Public Events Container Markham Public Events Container Inside Page 30 of 42

232 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples A copy of the Zero Waste Policy: Food and Catering Services is located at df?mod=ajperes&cacheid=e1d18e00458fc577a9a4abe7d60a9876 San José, CA (Pop: 945,942) The City formally acknowledges events that strive to reduce environmental impacts and help the city achieve its zero waste goals. The city offers three event certification levels that demonstrate commitment to green practices. Going Green Certification event organizers arrange for recycling collection service, require vendors to use recyclable #1 plastic cups for cold beverages 7oz and larger and ban the use of Polystyrene. Events have a goal to achieve a minimum of 25% waste reduction. Green Event Certification in addition to the practices listed for Going Green, event organizers are require vendors to use approved compostable service-ware, implement a composting program, provide education and environmental awareness and provide adequate recycling staff or volunteers at the event. Events have a goal to achieve a minimum of 50% waste reduction. Zero Waste Certification in addition to the best practices listed for Green Event, event organizers require all vendors to use only recyclable and compostable materials and collect and recycle cooking oil, prohibit single-use plastic water bottles and use water stations, provide an interactive activity to raise environmental awareness and implement solar alternatives (panels, generators, stages) to generate electricity during the event. Events have a goal to achieve a minimum of 75% waste reduction. For each category a Material Diversion Report is due to Environmental Services Department within 10 days after completion of an event. This allows the City and State to evaluate the type of materials collected and the success of events in diverting materials from landfill through waste prevention, reduction, recycling and composting efforts. San Jose Event Certification Logos Detailed information regarding the certification levels is located at For each certification a Material Diversion Report is due to Environmental Services Department within 10 days after completion of an event so that the City and State can evaluate the type of materials collected and the success of events in diverting materials from landfill through waste prevention, reduction, recycling and composting efforts. To assist with the event certification program the City offers an Eco-Station Loan program for local events to enable access to recycling and composting collection. Eco-Stations come with corresponding colorcoded signs, lids and bags. Page 31 of 42

233 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples San José Eco-Station Loan for Special Events San José Bag Eco-Station Loan for Special Events San José Eco-Station Signage Special events held in San José are successful in reducing waste: San José Jazz Festival diverted 92% in Cinco de Mayo event diverted 78% in IAHF Italian Family Festa diverted 86% in At this time the City of San José is establishing new certification criteria that will be effective July 1, This information is not yet public and will be placed on the City website later this year. St. Louis County, MO (Pop: 998,954) St. Louis County began collecting recyclables at public events early last year. The Department of Health awarded a grant to the non-profit St. Louis Earth Day organization to manage recycling at eight county events throughout the year. The program uses singlestream collection bins, in which different types of recyclables can be placed. The bins are easily portable, clearly marked and hold transparent bags. The program recycles beverage containers, cardboard, paper, spent cooking oil, and metal food-prep items from event vendors and attendees. In the program's first year, about 11 tons of recyclable material was diverted with eight events. The 2008 goal is to bring the program to at least 25 regional events, divert a minimum of 50 tons, and impact nearly two million people. Page 32 of 42

234 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Whole Earth Festival The Whole Earth Festival (WEF) is a public event that takes place over three days on the Mother s Day weekend on the University of California, Davis (UC Davis) campus. The event, attracts over 30,000 people and is planned and coordinated by a group of students with the help of Karma Patrol volunteers. A much emphasized aspect of WEF is the integrated solid waste prevention plan for minimizing waste generation at the festival while educating festival goers on ways they can lower their own ecological footprint. Food waste composting, beverage container and cardboard recycling, reusable dishware and compostable dishware (used only if reusable dishware cannot keep up with demand) are some of the techniques utilized to achieve 97% diversion in As list of historical waste diversion is listed below. Resources Year Percent Diverted (by Weight) (Downey, 2008) Auckland City Council Guideline for Working Towards Zero Waste Events (2008). Visit California Integrated Waste Management Board provides a detailed study on Recycling at Special Events: A Model for Local Government Recycling and Waste Reduction (2002) located at Clean Calgary Waste Reduction for Events and Festivals provides tips and resources. Visit United States Environmental Protection Agency has an It s Easy Being Green! A Guide To Planning and Conducting Environmental Aware Meetings and Events (1996) document available to the public at United States Environmental Protection Agency The outreach initiative Recycle on the Go assists government officials establish special events recycling opportunities. For recent success stories including the Lowell Folk Festival, National Cherry Blossom Festival, Delaware State Fair and other initiatives visit Contact San Francisco Environment 11 Grove Street San Francisco, CA USA T: (415) environment@sfgov.org Page 33 of 42

235 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Public Spaces Recycling Santa Barbara, California Population: 90,893 Definition The placement of collection bins for beverage containers, paper and even food-related waste in public spaces such as parks and streets. The visible presence of diversion containers in public spaces can make and important contribution to the impression of the City as a waste-conscious community. Description The City of Santa Barbara has approximately 400 public recycling containers collecting clean and dry paper, paper bags, newspaper, small boxes, aluminum and steel cans, and plastic and glass bottles in place throughout City parks, sidewalks, and parking lots next to waste containers. All containers are labeled, encouraging recycling in these areas by ensuring they are well-marked and conveniently placed. As part of the recycling/waste haulers contract the hauler must place recycling containers next to garbage containers along the routes they collect from that do not already have City owned recycling containers. The City owns recycling containers while two local haulers own temporary recycling containers. City staff collect recyclables and waste from a limited number of locations; primarily large City Parks. The City has very strict historical aesthetic requirements so a limited number of container designs are available to be selected from and no advertising takes place on the containers. Currently testing scavenger containers that allow beverage containers to be collected on the top and waste on the bottom. These containers are intended to allow people to take beverage containers easily and prevent the hauler from having to pick up after them. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low reduction potential. City of Santa Barbara Public Recycling Containers Page 34 of 42

236 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Lessons Learned Contamination happens. Have matching collection program for public spaces recycling as residential curbside collection (e.g., Santa Barbara kept comingled recyclable collection for public spaces to match residential curbside collection). Keep message simple on recycling containers (e.g., mobius loop). Colour coordinated containers, blue for recycling and dark green for waste. Must educate residents about public spaces recycling. Assist education of collectors; black bags for waste and clear bags for recycling. Ensure that collection is transparent; recycling is collected separate from waste and not together. If together, it gives the perception that the recyclables are going to be landfilled. In order for recycling to be effective, ensure recycling and waste containers are placed together so that residents do not place garbage in recycling container if it is standing alone. Communities with Similar Program Barrie, ON (Pop: 135,711) The City of Barrie has invested in an aggressive Public Space and Special Events Recycling Program Waste/recycling (beverage containers) bins in parks and along curbsides are emptied on a weekly basis. The City has six years remaining on a 15 year contract with Creative Outdoor Advertising (formerly OMG) for 50 bins. The City receives free advertising space on three bins and gets $10/bin from advertising revenue. It is also responsible for collecting garbage and recycling from the bins. The City also has 150 city-owned bins with no advertising placed throughout Barrie. The Busch Systems Two in One and Three in One bins are made of recycled plastic and have either two (garbage/beverage containers, approx $500 each) or three openings (2 garbage/1 beverage container, approx $800 each). Each year new bins are added to the program by request. For more information contact Tracy Quann-Strasser, Waste Reduction Coordinator, at (705) ext 5822 or tqstraasser@barrie.ca Markham, ON (Pop: 301,709) In 1999 the Town of Markham became the first municipality in York Region to offer public space recycling to residents. Since this time, the Town has expanded the program over 150 locations at transit stops and street corners. Public space recycling bins used in the Town are the EcoMedia s SilverBox which have three slots to collect waste, cans and bottles, and paper separately. The current contract ends in April The Town does not pay for this program as it is covered by bin advertising fees and EcoMedia allows the Town to advertise 100% of the time on bins located outside of Town facilities for no cost other than ad printing. Additionally, the contract stipulates that if the Town has a special campaign they wish to advertise (e.g., new diversion program) EcoMedia will allow them a certain percentage of bins throughout the Town to advertise on. EcoMedia covers all costs with this program including bins, maintenance and collection. Page 35 of 42

237 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Markham Silver Box Public Space Recycling Container In Markham over 25% of residents do not receive door-to-door mail delivery and must collect their mail at centralized Super Mailbox locations. As part of Markham s anti-litter campaign (ensuring that it goes in the right place recycling), and based on requests from residents, the Town placed 1,500 large mail recycling boxes by every Canada Post Super Mailbox. The mailbox recyclables are collected weekly by a Town contractor on the same day as the blue box is collected in the area. Markham Super Mailbox Recycling Container A further expansion of the public space recycling program includes the 250 recycling containers in parks and sports fields that accept blue box recyclable s. Organics containers are also located at leash free dog parks for pet waste. Markham Park Recycling Container In 2011, Markham launched the use of Big Belly solar compactors in its two heritage business improvement areas and introduced 12 Big Belly recycling units in each community in order to increase Page 36 of 42

238 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples sidewalk recycling options and to keep main streets clean. The Big Belly units take up as much space as ordinary recycling receptacles but the capacity is five times greater. Big Belly Recycling Container New York, NY (Pop: 8,175,133) The public recycling program placed 626 recycling receptacles (316 beverage containers and 310 paper) throughout all five boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx and Stanten Island. The blue bins collect bottles and cans, beverage cartons, metal and foil while the green bins collect newspapers, magazines, and mixed paper. New York Public Spaces Recycling Containers St. John s, NL (Pop: 106,172) St. John s partnered with OMG Atlantic and Ever Green Recycling in October 2002 to undertake a pilot recycling project in the downtown area of St. John s. 30 stainless steel recycling/litter bins were placed throughout the downtown core. Each bin has three containers, one for beverage containers, one for paper and one for garbage. The bins are provided at no cost to the City other than the City collecting and disposing of the garbage from the bins and giving permission of where the bins can be placed. OMG advertising revenues cover the costs of the bins, installation and maintenance costs and OMG contracts the recycling collector. Residents are quite happy with these bins as they are visually pleasing, and contain recyclables and garbage that may otherwise be blowing around with the strong St. John s winds. At the beginning of this program contamination issues were a problem with garbage being placed in the recycling portion and vica versa. Bin advertising was slow in 2008, and St. John s is unsure of the program s future. Page 37 of 42

239 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Toronto, ON (Pop: 2,615,060) The quantity of newsprint in the subway system increased significantly in August 2000 with the introduction of free commuter newspapers. Although the City had blue newspaper bins in the subway system, these bins were no longer as effective at capturing cans/bottles and additional newsprint because they were not located next to waste containers. To capture more newsprint and other recyclables, in 2005 the City installed a new style recycling centres that use the single stream recycling concept similar to the City s Blue Bin program. Resources Toronto Subway Recycling Centre United States Environmental Protection Agency The outreach initiative Recycle on the Go assists government officials establish public spaces recycling including parks, stadiums, convention centres, airports and other transportation hubs, shopping centers. Visit Contact Thomas Oretsky Environmental Specialist City of Santa Barbara 1221 Annacapa Street, 2 nd Floor Santa Barbara, CA T: (805) toretsky@santabarbaraca.gov Page 38 of 42

240 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Packaging Education Capital Regional District, British Columbia Population: 359,991 Definition Reduction programs can include focused education on the potential to reduce packaging (e.g., plastic bags, polystyrene) through purchasing choices. Description The Plastic Bag Pledge is an education program where residents register online at to refuse plastic bags and receive a free reusable tote. Capital Regional District Plastic Bag Pledge All Capital Regional District education programs promote the 4Rs of refuse, reduce, reuse and recycle. The hierarchy applies to plastic bags as follows: refuse and reduce by utilizing reusable bags, reuse plastic bags as often as possible and recycle excess bags. Page 39 of 42

241 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples Refuse and Reduce Reuse Recycle Take along cloth bags when heading out shopping (to the mall too!) store your reusable bags in your car or backpack make a reminder sticky for yourself (place on fridge or dash of car) hang cloth bags on your front door handle to remind you to bring them along Reuse any plastic bags you accumulate next time you shop, use your bag for items from more than one store to line your garbage can to pick up pet litter as a receptacle for cooled fats, oils and grease from cooking Recycle clean, dry and empty excess bags take back to grocery stores for recycling take shopping bags and your film plastic to a recycling depot Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low reduction potential if not accompanied by incentives. Communities/Organizations with Similar Program CalRecycle CalRecycle (formerly the California Integrated Waste Management Board) provides detailed website information that focuses on packaging waste diversion ( It presents case studies, design, educational degrees, manufacturers and information on various packaging materials including metal, paper, plastic, retail and wood. Regional District of Kootenay Boundary, BC (Pop: 31,138) The Regional District of Kootenay Boundary (RDKB) has adopted zero waste as a goal. Bring the Old Bag Shopping is one of their campaigns, designed to reduce the number of plastic shopping bags used by their residents. The catchy ( sticky ) slogan got people s attention. The region also spent considerable effort getting the local retailers on board. They started with one natural food market in Rossland, where using cloth bags seemed consistent with the values of the customers. They moved on to a local grocery chain, who liked that the bags distinguished them from the national chains. Then they began approaching other food stores. They provided the bags at cost for the retailers to sell and offered 50 per bag for the chance to put their Zero Waste logo on retailers existing reusable bags. The retailers made their own campaigns, such as offering free cookies if customers used reusable bags. Over 15,000 bags have been sold in RDKB (and many given away as well). Page 40 of 42

242 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples RDKB Bring the Old Bag Shopping Campaign Graphic Canadian Council of Ministers for the Environment (CCME) CCME's Extended Producer Responsibility Task Group (EPRTG) is currently responsible for providing guidance on the development and implementation of initiatives to address packaging. Past CCME efforts on packaging include development and endorsement of the National Packaging Protocol (NaPP) in 1990, a voluntary agreement with industry to reduce waste. NaPP achieved a 51 percent reduction in the weight of packaging waste sent for disposal by 1996, four years ahead of schedule. In addition, CCME has prepared reports, guidelines and codes of practice to help industry and jurisdictions achieve the reduction targets. Copies of these reports are located at A study was completed in March 2008 on sustainable packaging initiatives, definitions and guidelines which is located at The EPRTGs current activities focus on developing a framework for a Canada-wide strategy for sustainable packaging. Contact Capital Regional District 625 Fisgard Street Victoria, BC V8W 1R7 T: (250) Page 41 of 42

243 Appendix E Education / Promotion Overall Approach Examples References City of Richmond, Environmental Purchasing Guide. 138 pgs. City of Spruce Grove, Purchasing Policy. 6 pgs. McKenzie-Mohr, D. and W. Smith, Fostering Sustainable Behaviour: An Introduction to Community-Based Social Marketing. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island BC. 160 pgs. Resort Municipality of Whistler, Purchasing Policy (F-29). 2 pgs. Zero Waste International Alliance, Standards. Zero Waste Definition. Page 42 of 42

244 Appendix F: Residential Waste Reduction Examples Backyard Composting Fredericton, New Brunswick Population: 56,224 Definition Some municipalities aggressively promote backyard composting, with some hosting sales of subsidized composters to their residents to encourage backyard composting. Education of residents purchasing the composters is important to ensure they have an understanding of how to properly use the bin. Description The City of Fredericton in cooperation with the Fredericton Backyard Composters (FBYC) offers an annual one-day subsidized composter sale in May to residents for $30/composter. Remaining Earth Machine composters are available on a first come first served basis until sold. In 2008, the composters were purchased wholesale for $33/unit plus taxes from Norseman Plastics in Ontario. Both organizations have a permanent joint backyard composting display that provides examples of various types of backyard composters and information on successful backyard composting at the Fredericton Regional Sanitary Landfill. The City of Fredericton facilitates and finances FBYC volunteer group. In 2008, $13,000 was allocated to the group for purchasing composters and all communication and education activities. The FBYC present Master Composter training every second year and also provide workshops and presentations to schools and service groups. Seventy community members have been trained as master composters and in exchange for the free training each Master Composter provides 40 hours of volunteer time to backyard composting related activities. For instance, composter display site clean-up day, residential education, and when the one-day backyard composter sale started, the FBYC called owners 12 months after the purchase of the composter regarding use, comments and concerns. It was determined through these surveys that the City of Fredericton was on the right track offering composters to residents. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low to medium reduction potential depends on subsidy level and supporting education. Works well in conjunction with Master Composter type program. The first backyard composter sale took place in 1992 with 2,000 composters sold during the early years. The number of composters eventually decreased to 600 and in 2008, 250 composters were ordered. Lessons Learned Beware if considering subsidized backyard composter sale that is being funded by residents that residents from other communities close by that do not have this program may purchase composters. Not a problem if City receives provincial funding, then program can be open to all residents. One option is to request to see drivers license before purchasing composter. One-day sale complements FBYC Master Composter program. Good relationship to have City fund program an FBYC volunteers staff one-day sales. Be prepared that City staff may need to fill in if not enough volunteers are available. Page 1 of 39

245 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Consider if City should be in the business of selling composters or if this should be something that the private sector sells. Consider using a debit machine at the sale to allow payment choice to residents. Beware that volunteer group numbers dwindle over time and there is the constant need to have fresh faces with new ideas. Communities with Similar Program Brantford, ON (Pop: 93,650) On May 5, 2012 the City of Brantford will hold a one day Composter Sale to all City residents (proof of residency is required). Composters will be sold for $20. Boulder County, CO (Pop: 294,567) - Boulder County is hosting a one day backyard composter sale on Earth Day, April 22, Soilsaver compost bins will be sold for $50 at the Boulder County Recycling Center. To support the sale the County is offering compost workshops throughout the County: April 19 (Broomfield), April 22 (Boulder), April 26 (Longmont), April 28 (Lafayette) and May 1 (Boulder). Calgary, AB (Pop: 1,096,833) The City of Calgary, in partnership with Norseman Plastics and the Clean Calgary Association, offered residents a one-day truckload backyard composter sale. On June 21, ,000 Earth Machine composters were sold at six locations throughout the city for a subsidized rate of $25 (GST included). This program began in 1999 and to date over 65,000 composters have been sold to Calgarians. Calgarians can purchase composters year round for $35 at the Calgary Online Store ( ucts) or the Clean Calgary Association EcoStore. A backyard composting fact sheet is available on the City website at Chilliwack, BC (Pop: 77,936) The City of Chilliwack in cooperation with Fraser Cheam Soil & Fibre Ltd. sell Earth Machine backyard composters year round at the Parr Road Green Depot for $44 plus tax. County of Olmsted, MN (Pop: 144,248) A one day backyard composter and rain barrel truckload sale took place at the Olmsted County Fairgrounds in June Earth Machines were sold for $40 and Systern Rain Barrels for $45. To avoid lineups residents could preorder a composter or rain barrel. County of Olmsted Composter and Rain Barrel Sale Promotion Guelph, ON (Pop: 121,688) In the past, The City of Guelph Waste Resource Innovation Centre hosted three Eco Days (May 19, August 4 and October 13, 2008) each year to promote e-waste recycling, recycling facility tours, goods exchange weekends and rain barrel and backyard composter sales. Page 2 of 39

246 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Earth Machine backyard composters can also be purchased at the Waste Resource Innovation centre throughout the year for $40/composter. Regional District of North Okanagan, BC (Pop: 81,237) In 2006, the Regional District offered a preorder, pre-pay program for Earth Machine backyard composters for $25. The order deadline was Friday, April 14 th and residents picked-up their composters at two locations on Saturday, April 22 nd. Saskatoon, SK (Pop: 222,189) The City of Saskatoon hosted an Earth Machine backyard compost bin sale on May 1, The bins were sold for $45. Contact Julie Baker Landscsape Horticulturist City of Fredericton Parks & Trees Division P.O. Box 130 Fredericton, NB E3B 4Y7 T: (506) (W) T: (506) (C) julie.baker@fredericton.ca Page 3 of 39

247 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Master Composter / Recycler Program Green Action Centre formerly Resource Conservation Manitoba (Winnipeg, MB) Definition An effective way to promote backyard composting and other waste reduction activities is to implement a Master Composter program, where citizen leaders are trained in composting and recycling, and subsequently provide education to their local community. Potential exists to work with an environmental non-government organization for program delivery. Description Green Action Centre (formerly Resource Conservation Manitoba) is a non-profit centre for applied sustainability. In an effort to promote composting to the residents of Manitoba, the Compost Action Project of Green Action Centre has trained over 70 Master Composters in Winnipeg through a compost education and volunteer program. To obtain Master Composter status, a participant attends a training course that covers the basics and technical aspects of composting as well as communication skills for public outreach. Classes are taught through interactive instruction combined with hands on demonstrations and tours if possible. Afterwards, the participants commit a minimum of 30 hours of volunteer work over the next two years as an advocate in the community or at work. There is no cost to the participant for the Master Composter course. As a volunteer, participants will increase their knowledge and skills in composting, gain personal satisfaction and have an opportunity to meet new people while gaining visibility in the community as an advocate and resource person about composting. Participants receive a Master Composter Certificate issued by Green Action Centre, a free training manual and resource kit, a seasonal Master Composter Newsletter, recognition for 30 hours of volunteer work and other volunteer milestones, and invitations to educational activities and events. This program is targeted towards teachers, staff or volunteers of environmental nongovernmental and environmental advocacy organizations, gardening groups, landscapers, students of environmental programs, environmental education coordinators and turf managers from the public works department, as well as private citizens. The last course took place from September 30 October 15, No courses are scheduled for 2012 at this time. The Master Composter program website is located at Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low to medium reduction potential, depending on numbers and quality of supporting education. Communities/Organizations with Similar Program Edmonton, AB (Pop: 812,201) The City of Edmonton, Waste Management Branch hosts the Master Composter/Recycler Training Program once a year. This award winning program is hosted in partnership with the J.W. Grant MacEwan Environmental Studies Program at Grant MacEwan College. Over a three week course schedule volunteers learn about environmental stewardship in Edmonton including history of Waste Management in Edmonton, home composting, household hazardous waste, vermicomposting and residential recycling. This course offers in-class instruction as well as several field trips to various City facilities. After finishing the course, graduates complete 35 hours of volunteer activity promoting the four Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle and recover. Graduates become important resources in their communities Page 4 of 39

248 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples as they broaden awareness about the importance of composting and recycling. Examples of volunteer activities include: Help with Reuse Fairs (one-day community event where unwanted but reusable household items are collected and passed on). Helping friends and neighbours with composting problems. Public education display booths. Assisting with programs and maintenance at the City Compost Education Centres. Assisting at various demonstration gardens. Public and school presentations. In 2011, 37 Master Composter/Recyclers were trained bringing the total number close to 700 since Applications are currently being accepted for the April 2012 Master Composter/Recycler Training Program. King County, WA (Pop: 1,931,249) The Master Recycler Composter program provides free community education about waste reduction, recycling, home composting, alternatives to household hazardous waste and solid waste impacts on climate change. The next training session will be held in 2013 and is open to King County residents only. Seattle, WA (Pop: 608,660) The Master Composter/Soil Builder (MC/SB) Volunteer Program is a key partner in Seattle s waste reduction and recycling efforts. This initiative is part of the Natural Soil Building Program, managed by Seattle Tilth and sponsored by Seattle Public Utilities. The primary goal of the MC/SB program is to increase resource conservation efforts by City residents through community outreach, demonstrations and educational support. Residents are encouraged to recycle organic wastes in their backyards to build urban soils and create healthy landscapes throughout Seattle. MC/SB training teaches participants to assess personal carbon footprints and develop a climate change action plan that starts in their own backyard. Soil building with compost and mulch is an easy way to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and place it back in the ground. As a MC/SB, participants learn importance of: Understanding the climate change connection. Assessing personal carbon footprint. Growing beautiful natural gardens. Building healthy soil with compost and mulch. Reducing pesticide use. Conserving water and protect water quality. MC/SB training is an in-depth, four week program that is next scheduled for March This training is valued at $500 per volunteer, which includes training, manuals, educational materials and compost bins. A $150 deposit upon program acceptance is required. The deposit is refunded when 35 hours of volunteer outreach is completed. Outreach hours must be completed within 12 months of training completion to be eligible for the refund. Contact Dave Elmore Backyard Composting Coordinator Green Action Centre 3rd Floor, 303 Portage Avenue Winnipeg, MB R3B 2B4 T: (204) dave@greenactioncentre.ca Page 5 of 39

249 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Grasscycling / Xeriscaping Montgomery County, Maryland Population: 971,777 Definition Grasscycling is the concept of leaving grass clippings on the lawn while mowing. Xeriscaping focuses on landscaping in a way that does not require supplemental watering, for instance using native vegetation and minimizing turf areas. Description The State of Maryland bans yard waste material from being disposed, while Montgomery County has taken this one step further by listing yard trimmings as a mandatory recyclable material under Executive Regulation AM: Solid Waste and Recycling. In 1994, the Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection launched an exhaustive outreach campaign to encourage homeowner grasscycling. The grasscycling initiative had two major elements, including a Grass Recycling Tag requirement where residents affixed a 1.5" X 8.5" neon green grass recycling sticker on every grass container (e.g., paper bags or reusable trash cans) set out for collection. Ten stickers were mailed to each home, with additional stickers available for no charge at retail centers. Residents were informed that although grass tags were free in 1994, they would cost one dollar in The stated intent of the stickers was to remind homeowners that grasscycling is the easiest, best way to handle clippings. Public education was the second and most dynamic element. Key to the success of the campaign was a telephone research survey of 1,100 homes to determine habits and attitudes towards yard trimmings recycling, especially at-home practices of composting and grasscycling. The results were essential in developing an overall marketing strategy. It was determined that residents did not grasscycle as almost 54% of those surveyed believed that leaving clippings behind hurt the lawn and 14% thought clippings caused thatch. Lawn health became the major focus of the residential campaign centering on clippings contained valuable nutrients and organic matter and enhanced lawn health and vigor. In addition, grasscycling saves time, money, avoids or reduces the need for fertilizer and lawn chemicals, bagging and tagging, and conserves water and other resources, in addition to other practical and environmental benefits. The campaign included efforts in the fall for composting and leaf recycling and was delivered through: 80 paid radio ads and numerous public service announcements Six direct mailings Transit advertising on buses and subway Publicity events (e.g., press conferences, press articles, radio and television interviews) 550 paid cable television ads and 100 public service spots 12 print ads (Washington Post, etc.) Movie theater ads Video production (17-minute video for cableaccess, libraries, and rental stores) Specialized outreach events also took place including: 540 workshops on composting and grasscycling utilizing Department of Environmental Protection staff and Master Composters (County-trained volunteers), weekly hands-on demos at 35 grasscycling demonstration lawns, a school poster contest, retail-based outreach (over 50 information kiosks), numerous brochures and publications, special events (e.g., Earth Day and County Fairs) and a compost distribution network. In 2007, Montgomery County conducted a telephone survey on grasscycling. Some residents recalled the 1994 campaign, while the majority did not understand the grasscycling term or process. Results from this Page 6 of 39

250 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples survey led to a board-based marketing strategy, including backyard composting, that took place over two years (fall 2007 fall 2009). Direct mail outs were distributed in the fall of 2007 for backyard composting and in the spring of 2008 a grasscycling brochure was sent to every household. Radio and cable TV media campaigns took place along with public education at special events. The County is working on expanding this program to their business and multi-family sector. Part of today s program is website based education that is found at ex.asp Montgomery County Grasscycling Poster Montgomery County Grasscycling Magnet Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low to medium reduction potential if not accompanied by ban. Overall, the Montgomery County campaign cost over $400,000. However, the success of the program established that expenditure as an important investment in positive, long-term behavior modification. By the end of 1994, only 54,000 tons of material entered the recycling stream, more importantly, less than 9,000 tons of grass was set at the curb, a reduction of 27,000 tons due to grasscycling. With grass reduced, an additional 11,000 tons of shredded wood mulch (brush) were given back to residents free at neighborhood sites. Only 43,000 tons of trimmings needed to be composted and over 8,000 compost bins were sold to residents which contributed significantly to a decrease in anticipated leaf volume. Additionally, a November 1994 follow-up survey indicated that less than 16% of residents now think that clippings are unhealthy for lawns and only 6% associate clippings with thatch, 70% of residents now grasscycle most of the time with 27% starting in Lessons Learned Most significant lesson learned in the 1994 campaign is that an investment in education to properly change residential attitudes and behavior provides long-term benefits: once a homeowner discovers that grasscycling is the easiest, best way to manage a lawn, they will never go back to bagging clippings. This $400,000 campaign saved $2.5 million initially, but will continue to pay dividends in the years to come. Future education efforts can and will be conducted at a steadily reduced level, just enough to reinforce good behavior and lead into additional source reduction strategies such as home composting, mulching and landscape alteration. Page 7 of 39

251 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Communities with Similar Program Boulder, CO (Pop: 97,385) In 2009 a Let it Go campaign was promoted on Boulder buses and Channel 8 that encourages residents to leave grass clippings on the lawn after mowing to save money, time and fertilizer. As part of the City of Boulder xeriscaping program the City offered a pilot to residents in a selected area of Boulder during 2006 and Residents had the opportunity to apply for a zero-interest loan for $1,000-$3,000 for re-landscaping high water use areas and/or installing water-efficient indoor appliances. Up to 100% of the project may be financed over three years. In 2007, the City also offered a series of seminars including: Xeriscape: an Introduction, Xeriscaping to Meet Your Water Budget: Plant Selection, Irrigating to Meet Your Water Budget, Garden-In-A-Box and Trees Across Boulder. Additionally, the City website provided information on lawn watering, drought plans, water conservation tips and links to other xeriscaping websites. Contra Costa County, CA (Pop: 1,049,025) From April-September 2007, Contra Costa County offered residents a $70 rebate on a Craftsman Electric Mower to help reduce yard waste and air pollution. A $50 price discount was provided by OSH Complete Home and Garden while the remaining $20 was from the County. The Central Contra Costa Solid Waste provides basic grasscycling website information at Corinth, TX (Pop: 20,981) In 2007, Ordinance No was passed that recognizes it is desirable to accommodate xeriscape practices by using these principals within the City. Each xeriscaping principle outlined must be considered during the planning phase and design phase, as the sequence of installation is important to ensure a successful xeriscape. The City of Corinth also has an approved plant list to go along with this Ordinance. A notice of violation will be given to owners that do not follow the Ordinance. District of Summerland, BC (Pop: 11,280) The Turf Some Turf Program, a local business and the District of Summerland initiative, encourages homeowners to remove lawn and replace it with water saving alternatives. Summerland Rental Centre offers 10 to 20 percent off sod-cutter rental and trickle irrigation supplies. Summerland Builders Mart offers discounts off several hardscape products. Grasslands Nursery offers 10 to 20 percent discounts off design services, plant material and bulk landscaping supplies. Summerland Public Works offers 10 to 20 percent off municipal compost. Summerland Parks and Recreation offers a one month adult health club pass to the first fifty memberships. The level of discount depends on the area removed. Edmonton, AB (Pop: 812,201) Between April and October Edmonton waste collectors see an 84% increase in the amount of waste set at the curbside for disposal. An extensive grasscycling social marketing campaign was conducted in The City decided to use social marketing tools as an alternative to information campaigns in order to change residential behaviour. Barriers to grasscycling were identified followed by the development of a strategy using behaviour change tools, a pilot took place including evaluation and then community-wide implementation. Behaviour change strategies utilized for the grasscycling campaign included: Two pilots (direct mail and home visits, direct mail and demonstration yard) Page 8 of 39

252 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Product tags Promotions (draw) Television and transit advertising Media interviews After implementing the behaviour change strategies for grasscycling the participation rate increased from 26% to 39% by the end of 2006 and the grasscycling web page hits increased from 546 in 2005 to 5,771 in Tips for applying social marketing tools to waste diversion programs from the City of Edmonton are: Every waste activity requires a unique social marketing program Research is essential Do not rely on a single communication vehicle Repeat, repeat, repeat Measure behaviour Today, the program is in a maintenance phase with public education provided on the City website. This includes the benefits to grasscycling, how to grasscycle and frequently asked questions. A grasscycling brochure is linked to the website along with a television commercial, transit advertisement and radio ads. Grasscycling information is located at Edmonton Grasscycling Poster Glendale, AZ (Pop: 226,721) Glendale has an extensive water conservation program that includes access to numerous related brochures and publications, landscape education classes, free on-site landscape consultations, a free self-guided audio wand tour of a xeriscape demonstration garden at the Main Library and landscaping rebates. Landscape rebates are an incentive program that encourages residents to reduce the amount of water used for landscaping and in turn decreases the amount of grass that is managed by homeowners. Page 9 of 39

253 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples By installing a low-water use xeriscape landscape for new homes, a $200 rebate is available from the City of Glendale Water Conservation Rebate Program. Meanwhile for existing homes, up to a $750 rebate can be received for converting grass to a low-water use landscape. Rebate amounts for conversions are listed below: Rebate Amount Amount of Grass to be Removed $ ,500 ft 2 $300 1,500-2,500 ft 2 $450 2,500-3,500 ft 2 $600 3,500-4,500 ft 2 $750 4,500 ft 2 and more (City of Glendale, 2012) Website information on water conservation is located at Kamloops, BC (Pop: 85,678) A Xeriscape Demonstration Garden in McArthur Park assists with educating residents about xeriscaping practices. The City also hosts xeriscaping seminars. Niagara Region, ON (Pop: 431,346) Niagara Region offers website education on xeriscaping and grasscycling as part of the Smart Gardening Program. Information on both of these topics are located at Regional District of Central Okanagan, BC (Pop: 179,839) The Regional District provides general website information on grasscycling and in the past offered going natural garden parties. The parties were similar to other home parties and guests learned about grasscycling, composting and xeriscaping in a fun casual setting at home or at the Compost Education Garden. Regional Municipality of Halton, ON (Pop: 501,669) Halton Region does not accept grass clippings in garbage, bulk, Blue Box, yard waste or GreenCart in Halton Hills, Milton or Oakville. In Burlington, grass clippings will not be collected with yard waste from June to October. Backyard composting and grasscycling are promoted by the Region. Minor grasscycling information is located at Toronto, ON (Pop: 2,615,060) The City of Toronto has always encouraged residents to grasscycle, use clippings as mulch or to compost them in their backyard composter. Effective April 1, 2001, the City stopped collecting grass clippings from garbage collection. To assist with public education a Lawn Improvement Hotline ( LAWN) exists along with factsheets on organic lawn care, grass seeding tips, alternative groundcovers, xeriscaping, outdoor watering, mulch options, soil type and pesticide elimination. Based on 2010 residential Waste Diversion tonnages, approximately 16,054 t of grass was diverted through the collection ban/grasscycling which attributes to 2% of the total waste stream (City of Toronto, 2010). Grasscycling information is found at Township of Langley, BC (Pop: 104,177) During the summer of 2008 residents nominated friends for the Natural Garden Contest. The winner was determined based on the following evaluation criteria: Reduction of lawn size, letting lawns go golden in the summer, using water-efficient irrigation practices, choosing drought resistant grass species, or converting lawns to water-thrifty groundcovers. Collection of rainwater, reducing irrigation and when watering is needed, using spring-loaded nozzles and watering in the early morning to reduce evaporation. Use of compost or mulch. Avoidance of herbicides and pesticides. Use of drought-tolerant plants or native species while controlling the growth of invasive plants. Aesthetics and functionality. Page 10 of 39

254 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Up to ten digital or hard copy pictures must be included with submission. Nominated gardens were toured by judges at the end of August. Contact Alan Pultyniewicz Recycling Coordinator Montgomery County 101 Monroe Street, 6 th Floor Rockville, MD T: (240) F: (240) alanpultyniewicz@montgomerycountymd.gov Page 11 of 39

255 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Multi-family Programming North Vancouver, British Columbia Population: 48,196 Definition Multi-family housing requires different approaches to waste reduction and diversion than single-family programs. Although multi-family residents may have access to existing drop-off programs, their participation is typically low, requiring specific programs designed for this sector of the residential population to achieve any significant results. Description The North Shore Recycling Program offers and administers a North Vancouver multi-family blue cart recycling program. In June 2008, the program won the Recycling Council of British Columbia s Public Sector and Education Award. This three blue cart program is available for newspaper, mixed paper and mixed containers (e.g., cans, bottles, yoghurt containers) from apartments, condominiums and townhouses. Three simple steps lead multi-family blue cart recycling: 1) Find a residential storage spot. Baskets, boxes and stackable options in a central location are ideal. Blue multi-family recycling tote bags are also available from The North Shore Recycling Program. 2) Separate newspaper, mixed paper and mixed containers into appropriate basket/box/bag in the residence. 3) Take sorted recyclables to building recycling carts and drop into the designated blue cart. Carts are typically placed near the building garbage dumpster. For a detailed list of materials accepted visit This recycling program is paid for in building property taxes/utility charges so property managers and owners can contact North Shore Recycling Program to start this initiative anytime. Page 12 of 39

256 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples North Vancouver Apartment, Condo and Townhouse Recycling Guide Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Medium reduction potential. Communities with Similar Program Arlington County, VA (Pop: 207,627) Multi-family dwellings collect separated newspaper, glass bottles and jars and metal food and beverage cans. Plastic bottle and jugs can also be separated. Barrie, ON (Pop: 135,711) Paper (e.g., newspaper, mixed paper, boxboard, telephone books, cardboard) and container (e.g., plastics #1 - #7, glass bottles and jars, aluminum trays, food and beverage containers) carts are located in multi-residential buildings for recycling. Burnaby, BC (Pop: 223,218) Multi-family units are offered recycling for newspaper, paper products (e.g., boxboard, magazines, office paper, telephone books) and containers (e.g., glass food and beverage containers; tin and aluminum cans; #1, #2, #4 and #5 plastic containers) in separate carts. Cardboard is also accepted if flattened and placed by carts or placed in dumpster bin. The City also provides yard and garden waste collection service for multi-family units. Capital Regional District, BC (Pop: 359,991) The Capital Regional District developed an apartment/condominium (5 or more units) recycling program in 2000 that provides funding to building owners and managers to help pay for private collection services for recyclables. In 2005, the program expanded by providing free bin decals to all service providers to ensure that consistent information and signage for collection containers and in 2006, reusable recycling tote bags were available for residents. Page 13 of 39

257 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Capital Regional District Reusable Bag The District pays the following fees for private recycling services to building owners and managers: Building Size Funding per Unit 1 Minimum Maximum 5 to 10 units $17.69 $88.45 $ to 30 units $12.16 $ $ to 75 units $9.40 $ $ More than 75 units $7.74 $ The District may, in its sole discretion, change the funding per unit on July 1 st of each renewal term of the Recycling Services Agreement (Capital Regional District, 2012) For more information on this program visit Davis, CA (Pop: 65,622) The City of Davis provides apartment buildings (10 or more units) with recycling carts that are located by waste containers. One is for mixed paper and the other for plastic, glass and metal containers. Cardboard is also accepted if it is flattened and stacked next to the recycling carts. Hallandale Beach, FL (Pop: 37,113) Comingled multi-family (five or more units) collection of cardboard, mixed paper, metal cans, glass and plastic bottles. Markham, ON (Pop: 301,709) More than 80% of apartment buildings are serviced through the Town of Markham s weekly Multi-residential Recycling Program (e.g., apartments, condominiums and some types of townhouses). Each unit is given one reusable Blue Bag to assist residents store recyclables. This bag belongs to the Town of Markham and must remain with the apartment unit in the event of a move-out. Buildings have blue containers for single stream recycling of paper, newspaper, milk and juice cartons, boxboard, cardboard, glass and plastic bottles and jars, aluminum and steel cans, books and empty aerosol cans. Residents can also take blue bag recyclables to a central drop-off facility which accepts other items such as, cell phones, fluorescent tubes and bulbs, ink cartridges, scrap metal, Styrofoam and tires. Page 14 of 39

258 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Markham Blue Bag Melbourne, FL (Pop: 76,068) 90 gal carts are used for multi-family residents recyclable collection which includes aluminum, steel and tin cans; glass bottles and jars; paper products; and plastic bottles and containers. This is a comingled program and materials do not have to be separated. New Westminster, BC (Pop: 65,976) Recyclables are sorted into mixed paper and cardboard, newspaper and mixed containers (glass and tin) carts. Orillia, ON (Pop: 30,586) Recycling is mandatory for the 130 apartment complexes with six or more dwelling units. For larger apartments, the City provides a 360 L recycling cart while smaller apartments may utilize the regular Recycling Box Program. Paper (e.g., newspaper, phone books, office paper, boxboard) is placed loose or in a clear plastic bag in the paper cart and containers (e.g., metal food and beverage cans, plastic bottles, tubs and lids, glass bottles and jars) are to be placed loose in the container cart. Plastic shopping bags are requested to be placed in a separate bag in the paper cart and clean Styrofoam is also collected in the paper cart if it is placed in a bag. Apartments with six or more dwelling units can set out up to eight bundles of cardboard without a garbage tag. Bundles must not be larger than 75 cm x 120 cm x 25 cm (30 x 48 x 10 ) and must be placed next to the recycling carts. The Apartment Recycling Handbook for Superintendents and Property Managers is located at Owen Sound, ON (21,688) The Apartment Blue Bin Recycling Program started in the late 1990 s and accepts sorted recyclables in five carts: cans and plastics, clear glass, paper, coloured glass and boxboard. Collection takes place weekly on the same route as business recycling collection. Corrugated cardboard is picked up separately every Wednesday for downtown multi-family buildings and one Monday per month for multi-family buildings throughout the rest of the city. Port Moody, BC (Pop: 32,975) Multi-family residences are offered three stream recycling collection. One toter accepts glass, metal and plastic containers, the second one is for newspaper and the third one is for paper, cardboard, magazines and telephone books. Richmond, BC (Pop: 190,473) Each multi-family complex has a recycling depot consisting of several 360 L (95 gal) blue recycling carts. Newsprint, paper products and containers are separated into different carts. Cardboard is bundled and placed next to the carts. The City of Richmond also requires that all multi-family residential and mixed-use buildings have adequate storage for garbage and recycling through Building Code Regulations section Page 15 of 39

259 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Toronto, ON (Pop: 2,615,060) To assist multi-unit owners/managers increase recycling, the city is providing free in-unit recycling containers to owners/managers to give to residents. Options include a blue box or blue bag as seen below. Toronto Hard-shell Blue Box With Handle Toronto Soft-shell Blue Bag with Handles Vancouver, BC (Pop: 603,502) The City s Apartment Recycling Program has been operating since the Summer of The program includes more than 156,000 residential suites and 4,800 multi-family buildings in Vancouver. Most multi-family buildings are supplied with wheeled carts for newsprint, mixed paper products and mixed containers. Each residential suite receives a reusable tote bag for storing and transporting recyclables to the wheeled cart for weekly collection. Contact Vancouver Multi-Family Recycling Collection Calendar North Shore Recycling Program 148 East 2 nd Street North Vancouver, BC V7L 1C3 T: (604) F: (604) enquiries@nsrp.bc.ca Page 16 of 39

260 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Expanded Curbside Organics Collection/ Enhanced Curbside Recycling Port Coquitlam, British Columbia Population: 56,342 Definition Collection of recyclables and/or organics at the curb through boxes, bags or automated carts. Description Cart collection for recycling, yard waste and garbage started in 2004 in Port Coquitlam. Carts have colour coded lids, the blue lid is for recycling, green lid for green waste and grey lid for garbage. Effective July 14, 2008, kitchen waste was added to the green lid cart. Port Coquitlam Garbage, Recycling and Yard Waste Carts Biweekly co-mingled recycling, alternating with green waste, is offered to residents for newspaper, boxboard, magazines, telephone books, plastics (#1-#5), tins cans, milk jugs and paper. It is requested that plastic bags be bagged and placed in the cart and the same goes for shredded paper. All recyclables must fit in the cart, no bundles will be collected beside the cart. Glass is not part of the curbside program. Residents are requested to take glass for refunds where applicable and or to use the City Glass Recycling Depots for non-refundable glass containers. The City offers biweekly collection of yard (e.g., grass clipping, leaves, prunings, plant trimmings and cut flowers, twigs and branches) and kitchen (e.g., coffee grinds/filters, tea bags/leaves, vegetable and fruit peels and cooked vegetables) waste from single family residences receiving City garbage pick-up. Annual fees for larger/extra carts are listed below. Cart Type 120 L Cart 240 L Cart 360 L Cart Extra 240 L Cart Extra 360 L Cart Recycling N/A $0 $10 $20 $30 Green/Food Waste N/A $65.28 $75.28 $20 $30 Garbage $81.02 $ $ $60 $90 Residents who require additional capacity above the standard issued carts pay a one-time administrative fee of $50. This fee is waivered in 2010 for recycling, green/food waste carts. Page 17 of 39

261 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results High reduction potential. 50% diversion (2008 collection data: 7,493 t garbage, 3,478 t recycling, 3,865 t green waste). Lessons Learned Ensure that appropriate garbage cart size is selected. Consider if collecting yard waste is the best option if it can be managed on site. Conduct extensive education program for backyard composting and grasscycling. If collecting kitchen waste, collection once a week is optimal to reduce odour concerns and residential complaints. Communities with Similar Program Brantford, ON (Pop: 93,650) Weekly Blue Box recycling is offered. Residents are encouraged to use the 2 SORT recycling method, where plastic, metal or glass containers are placed in one Blue Box and paper, junk mail and boxboard are placed in a second Blue Box. Old corrugated cardboard may be placed beside the first Blue Box. Yard waste collection is from April to November with a spring/summer maximum of 10 bags and a fall maximum of 30 bags. Devon, AB (Pop: 6,510) In May 2008, the Town of Devon started weekly blue bag comingled collection of containers (e.g., tin cans, clear glass jars, milk cartons/jugs), mixed paper and heavy paper. Large pieces of flattened cardboard are also accepted. At the same time, seasonal (May October) brown paper bag collection of leaves and grass clippings started. Drayton Valley, AB (Pop: 7,049) Biweekly blue bag collection for mixed paper, clean mixed containers, boxboard and flattened cardboard. Kamloops, BC (Pop: 85,678) A city-wide curbside cart (245 L) collection program started in March Mixed recyclables (e.g., paper, cardboard, #1 - #7 plastics, and glass and metal containers) are collected weekly on the same day as garbage collection. Leduc, AB (Pop: 24,279) Biweekly blue bag collection takes place on the same day as waste throughout the year. Seasonal clear bag collection of yard waste occurs for six weeks in the spring and six weeks in the fall on the same day as waste collection. Markham, ON (Pop: 301,709) Weekly blue box and green bin collection takes place throughout the year while leaf and yard waste is collected every other week from late March to early December. Markham Curbside Recycling and Kitchen Waste Collection Olds, AB (Pop: 8,235) Biweekly yard and food waste and cat litter and feces green cart (240 L/65 gal) fixed day collection takes place from April to October while monthly collection takes place November to March. Page 18 of 39

262 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Orillia, ON (Pop: 30,586) Weekly blue box collection of separated paper products and containers takes place along with weekly year round green bin/yard waste collection. Four cardboard bundles placed next to the blue boxes are allowed per week. These curbside programs are funded through property taxes and additional funding from industry through the Blue Box Waste Diversion Program (industry pays for 34-37% of residential recycling blue box program). Owen Sound, ON (Pop: 21,688) Three streams of recyclables are collected every other week. Containers (e.g., plastics #1 - #7, glass bottles and jars, empty aerosol cans, food cans) are placed in a blue box, paper (e.g., newspaper, mixed paper, magazines, telephone books, paperback books) in a plastic bag and in a paper bag or boxboard carton are drinking boxes, milk and juice cartons, boxboard, wax and plastic coated cups and frozen food cartons. Corrugated cardboard is picked up on Monday once a month for households and can be delivered to the City Recycling Depot free of charge throughout the month. Peterborough, ON (Pop: 78,698) Weekly two stream Blue Box recycling is provided by the City. Residents place containers in one box and paper in the second box. Blue Boxes must be no greater than 22 kg/50 lb in weight. Yard waste is collected in kraft paper bags or containers with Green Waste labels weekly from April to November. Port Moody, BC (Pop: 32,975) Currently bi-weekly comingled cart (240 L) recycling and weekly green waste cart (240 L) curbside collection takes place. Red Deer, AB (Pop: 90,564) Weekly blue box collection on the same day as waste throughout the year. Seasonal yard waste collection (April October) in plastic garbage cans, paper yard waste bags or bundles. Red Deer Blue Box Recycling San Francisco, CA (Pop: 805,235) Residents receive weekly recycling (clean paper, bottles, cans and most plastic no plastic bags, wrappers or Styrofoam) and compost (food scraps, soiled paper, yard waste) collection. For a detailed list of accepted materials visit Weekly collection of a 32 gallon black cart is $27.55 per month while the 20 gallon mini-can is $ Blue and green carts are picked-up at no additional charge. Page 19 of 39

263 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples San Francisco Curbside Collection Program Spruce Grove, AB (Pop: 26,171) Blue bag program accepts boxboard, cardboard, containers (e.g., tin cans, clear glass jars, plastic bottles and tubs) and mixed paper. Biweekly recyclable collection takes place on the same day as black cart garbage collection. Organics green cart (240 L / 64 gal) collection for both kitchen and yard waste takes place weekly from April to November. Additional organics can be set out in Bag-to-Earth kraft bags by the green cart for collection as required. For more information visit St. John s, NL (Pop: 106,172) Biweekly residential Blue Bag (transparent) collection started October Containers are placed in one bag, paper in the second bag and cardboard can be bundled and placed at the curb. Bags must weight 50 lb or less. In order to assist residents in learning the correct way to sort, bag and curb their recycling, stickers were placed on bags of recyclables or garbage when something was incorrect. St. John s Curbside Recycling Education Stickers Stony Plain, AB (Pop: 15,051) Residential recyclable collection takes place biweekly on the same day as garbage collection. Containers (e.g., tin cans, clear glass jars, and plastics #1, #2, #3 and #5) are placed in blue bags, while mixed paper and newsprint is placed in a grocery bag and cardboard is collapsed and bundled. Organics green cart collection for both kitchen and yard waste takes place weekly from April to October on the same day as garbage. Additional organics can be set out in kraft bags or a rigid container (50 lb maximum) for collection. For more information visit Page 20 of 39

264 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Strathcona County, AB (Pop: 92,490) Residents receive weekly blue bag collection for recyclables and biweekly green cart collection for yard and food waste. For more information visit Vancouver, BC (Pop: 603,502) The City s Blue Box program was implemented city-wide in 1990 and now provides service to over 100,000 households. Each residence is supplied with a blue box (metal, glass and plastic containers), a reusable yellow bag (mixed paper products) and a reusable blue bag (newsprint). The annual 2012 collection fee is $32 for a single family for weekly service. The City offer yard trimmings collection to residents. Food scraps (uncooked fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds and filters, teabags and eggshells) can also be added. Annual 2012 yard trimming fees are $46 for 120 L container, $54 for 180 L container, $61L for a 250 L container and $75 for 360 L container for biweekly service. City crews remove leaves on a scheduled basis from October to January. Residents place leaves in cans or paper bags where regular curbside collection takes place. Whitecourt, AB (Pop: 9,605) Blue bag program accepts mixed paper, newspaper, boxboard, shredded paper, magazines, milk cartons, clear glass and plastics (#1-7). Contact John Dundee Manager Common Services City of Port Coquitlam 1737 Broadway Street Port Coquitlam, BC V3C 2M9 T: (604) dundeej@portcoquitlam.ca Page 21 of 39

265 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples User-Pay / Volume Limitations Orillia, Ontario Population: 30,586 Definition Expand user pay system by reducing bag limit to one, residents pay for every bag/container disposed or introducing a variable rate system that charges residents for all waste disposed by bag or cart. Description The City of Orillia s partial user pay program was implemented in July Residents were sent 35 tags (part of property taxes) for use from July to December. After this, one tag per week was mailed to each household in 50 tag lots. This worked out to 52 tags per year. Starting July 1, 2000, the number of free tags mailed out to households was reduced from 52 to 40 tags per year. Council then allowed residents to pick up an additional five free tags per year. In order to claim the free tags, residents were required to come to City Hall to pick up the tags and had to answer a mandatory survey as to why they were picking up the free tags. Very few residents, only 17% came for the free tags and they were mostly large families or wanted 52 tags to cover year. The free tag initiative was discontinued July With the induction of the kitchen organics curbside program in 2009 the City now provides residents with 30 garbage tags annually. The tags are mailed out in early June as the tag year runs from July 1 to June 30 of the following year. Additional garbage tags can be purchased at numerous retailers for $8.25 for a set of five ($1.65 each $1.10 for disposal and $0.55 for collection). Residents may put out tagged garbage bags no larger than 95 cm x 80 cm, garbage containers no larger than 133 L with the topmost piece of waste tagged, or tagged bundles for weekly collection. A weight limit of 20 kg applies. The system was chosen over a bag limit because bag limits would require that the collection drivers keep long lists on locations that have more than one household (e.g., duplexes, basement apartments) in order to effectively enforce the bag limit at each location. Issuing tags to all residents and requiring that all bags be tagged ensures everyone is treated the same way, and encourages residents to reduce their waste. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Medium reduction potential. The tag program has proven to be very successful in encouraging waste reduction. One year after the start of the program a 25% by weight reduction of garbage was observed along with a 35% increase by weight for recycling. Lessons Learned There was resistance to begin with when switching to a partial user pay system. After education efforts residents liked the program as they are not paying for collection and disposal of their neighbors garbage. Ensure that adequate residential diversion programs are available with significant education prior to or in conjunction with tag implementation. Be wary of counterfeit tags that residents print on home printer and tags that have been cut in half and then wrapped around bag neck. The City now uses non-tear paper and ink that does not run. Page 22 of 39

266 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Communities with Similar Program Airdrie, AB (Pop: 42,564) Residents have a weekly two garbage unit limit. Garbage stickers for additional units are purchased for $3.00/sticker. One garbage sticker per unit is needed up to a maximum of five units per household. Airdrie Over-the-Limit Sticker Athens, GA (Pop: 116,714) The Athens-Clarke County unified government provides Athens residents with a variety of container size options and variable rates for garbage collection. Curbside Roll-Cart Container Type Rate/Month 20 gallon* $ gallon $ gallon $ gallon $ gallon (two-64 gallon containers) $ gallon (one 64 gallon and one 96 gallon container) $50.60 Backyard Container* 1-32 gallon garbage can $ gallon garbage can $ gallon garbage can $ gallon garbage can $ gallon garbage can $65.60 *Residents must provide their own containers for the 20-gallon curbside and for backyard services Colour coded garbage stickers are distributed by Athens-Clarke County that indicate service level. Overflow stickers are required for all garbage bags left outside of the garbage can. These can be purchased at the Solid Waste Department Office or the Water Business Office for $2 each. Curbside recycling services are included for residential garbage customers at no additional charge. Barrie, ON (Pop: 135,711) The weekly curbside allowance per residential dwelling is one bag/can per week with a 20 kg (45 lb) maximum weight per bag/can. Extra garbage bag tags can be purchased for $2 per tag. In 1996 the City of Barrie had no bag limit. In 1997 a two bag limit was announced with $1 fee for extra garbage tags. In the Fall of 2005 the extra garbage bag tag increased to $2/tag followed by the one bag limit and introduction of the kitchen organics program in May A significant lesson learned moving to a one bag limit is to be proactive about a strong educational program before the limit is implemented and to ensure that significant staff is available to answer residential questions in a timely manner. For more information contact Tracy Quann-Strasser, Waste Reduction Coordinator, at (705) ext 5822 or tqstraasser@barrie.ca Page 23 of 39

267 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Brockville, ON (Pop: 21,870) Residents may place out for collection one bag/container (maximum of 22.5 kg/50 lbs and 98.4 L/26 gal) per week comprising of refuse or yard waste or properly tied brush and hedge trimmings. Excess waste bag tags can be purchased for $3.00 per tag. Burnaby, BC (Pop: 223,218) The City provides weekly variable rate waste collection for 120 L, 180 L, 240 L and 360 L carts. This service is funded from the general property tax. To promote greater waste reduction and to create incentives, this program offers residents the flexibility to choose which size garbage container meets their needs best. A pricing structure based on the size of the carts selected is used. Container Size (Litres) Garbage Container Size and Collection Costs Equivalent Standard 77 Litre Can or Bags (approx.) Page 24 of 39 Container Cost $40/year reduction in property taxes Default size; cost neutral $120/year extra in property taxes $295/year extra in Property taxes Chilliwack, BC (Pop: 77,936) One container of garbage (121 L and 25 kg/55 lbs maximum) and recycling collection is $14.04 per month. Seniors (over 65) with biweekly pick-up of recycling and one container of garbage is $6.97 per month. The weekly fee for optional yard trimming collection is $8.32/month (up to 25 kg) for a minimum two month subscription. Tag-a-Bag stickers can be purchased for $1.25 for garbage and $1.00 for yard trimmings in excess of the weekly allotment. For more information contact Janet Demarcke, Environmental Services Manager, at (604) County of Simcoe, ON (Pop: 266,100) Effective September 29, 2008, County Council approved a one bag per week limit for waste, introduction of the new green bin program and also an expanded recycling program. Each bag or can must not weight any more than 20 kg (44 lbs) and the maximum volume is 77 L (17 gal). Additional waste can be disposed of by purchasing tags for $3 per tag. Residents may dispose of two bags or containers on their next scheduled collection day following: Thanksgiving, Christmas and Victoria Day. Over the limit waste must have County garbage tags affixed to each additional bag/container. Coweta County, GA (Pop: 127,317) Residents drop-off garbage at one of 12 compactor sites. A 32 gal bag is $2 and it is $1 for a 16 gal bag. The cost of garbage bags covers the bag, operation of the manned compactor/recycling centers and the cost for garbage disposal. Citizens whose income is below the federal poverty level and receive benefits from the Department of Family and Children s Services may purchase bags from the Business License Office for $.10 each. Senior citizens who qualify for a reduction in their gas, phone or electrical bills may also purchase bags at the exemption price of $.10 each. A limited number of bags are sold at this price based on the number of household members. Craven County, NC (Pop: 103,505) Garbage stickers are $2.50 each and the number of stickers used correlates to the garbage container size, for instance: Up to 33 gallons, not more than 50 lbs, is one sticker gallons, not more than 100 lbs, is two stickers gallons, not more than 150 lbs, is three stickers.

268 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Durham Region, ON (Pop: 617,975) - A four bag/container limit exists per household with a maximum weight of 44 lbs. Garbage bag tags can be purchased for $1.50 each at municipal facilities for bags/containers that are over the limit. Durham Region Extra Bag Tag Edson, AB (Pop: 8,475) - In March 1998, the Town of Edson started a two-bag or container maximum for weekly residential collection. The maximum garbage bag size allowed is 30 x 36, while the garbage can maximum size is 80 litres. Either container has a maximum weight of 40 lbs. Each bag or container in excess of two requires the purchase of a $2 tag from the Town Office or Leisure Centre. Edson Extra Garbage Sticker Georgina, ON (Pop: 43,517) Each household is permitted to set out one free garbage bag or container with a 22 kg (50 lb) maximum every other week. Disposable bags cannot exceed 76 cm x 122 cm (30 x 48 ) for bags, boxes are to be closed and no larger than 76 cm x 122 cm x 30.5 cm (30 x 48 x 12 ) and refuse cans/containers are to be reusable metal or plastic, no larger than 50 m (20 ) in diameter and 90 cm (36 ) in height and have handles and a lid. Additional garbage tags can be purchased from the Civic Centre, local library and most grocery and convenience stores for $1 per tag with a maximum of four tags used each collection. Spring and Fall Waste Exemption Week take place in May and September when the city allows residents to place up to five garbage bags/containers out without having to pay for extra garbage tags. This assists residents with spring and fall clean-ups. Hamilton, ON (Pop: 519,949) A one container limit with a maximum weight of 23 kg (50 lbs) and volume of 135 L (30 gal) started March 31, The phase-in process that the City is following is outlined below. A special considerations policy has been developed for medical circumstances, families with three or more children under the age of five, registered home day cares and agricultural businesses with a need to put out more bags or garbage cans. Those receiving special consideration are allowed to place up to three containers at the curb each week, if needed. Orangeville, ON (Pop: 27,975) Effective July 1, 2007 one bag or item may be set out for weekly collection, excluding recyclable materials. Stickers costing $2 each can be purchased for items / bags in excess of the limit. Oxford County, ON (Pop: 102,756) All garbage must have a County of Oxford Garbage Bag Tag. There is no limit to the number of bags set out as long as they are tagged. The self-adhesive bag tags cost $1.50 and are sold at over 70 vendors across Oxford County. The number of tags required for various bag/container/bundle sizes are listed below. Page 25 of 39

269 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Service Maximum Capacity and Size Number of Tags Bag 20 kg (44 lbs), 76 cm x 96 cm (30 x 36 ) One Rigid container 20 kg (44 lbs), up to 128 L One Bundle 20 kg (44 lbs), no longer than 96 cm, securely bound One Bag Larger than, 76 cm x 96 cm (30 x 36 ) Two Rigid container 20 kg (44 lbs), 129 L 240 L Two Rigid container Larger than 240 L Three Poquoson, VA (Pop: 12,150) Residents can select from the following plans: Plan A Plan B Plan C 35 gallon cart ($23 bimonthly fee) 65 gallon cart ($38 bimonthly fee) Two, 65 gallon carts ($70 bimonthly fee) Plan D 35 gallon cart for homeowners age 65 and older (service every two weeks) ($14 bimonthly fee) Plan E No cart (continued use of City disposal bags), plus cost of bags ($8 bimonthly fee) Green plastic bags (30 gallon) bearing the City s seal can be purchased at local stores for $1.75/bag for extra garbage that does not fit into the containers. Prince George, BC (Pop: 71,974) In 2004, the City of Prince George implemented a variable cart collection system. Prior to the implementation of the program, a survey found that residents placed, on average, 3.18 cans/bags out on each collection day. With this information, City staff developed a system that defaulted to a medium cart size equivalent to three bags of garbage. The current rates and cart sizes are provided in the table below. Cart Litre Size Bag Volume Annual Collection Fee 1 Subscription Level Small 135 L/35 gal $129 10% Medium 250 L/65 gal 3 $169 80% Large 360 L/95 gal 4 5 $207 10% 1 Includes 10% discount for paying utility bill on time. The City provides additional information on its website showing residents what the cost works out to on a per-collection basis: Small cart (135 L), $2.58 per collection. Medium cart (250 L), $3.38 per collection. Large cart (360 L), $4.14 per collection. Page 26 of 39

270 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Prince George Garbage Cart Options Residents are billed every six months through the utility bill and receive a 10% discount for paying on time. Earlier in the program, the City permitted residents to exchange the size of their cart free of charge, but recently changed the policy whereby residents are permitted to downsize their cart free of charge but must pay $20 to switch to a larger size cart. The introduction of this fee has helped to curtail cart exchanges. The City provides the carts, which remain the property of Prince George, making it easier to manage the containers and any repairs. The City does not use tags for additional bags of garbage but, rather, encourages residents to use transfer stations. Crews do not collect carts that are overflowing with garbage, such that the lid on the cart will not close. Regional District of Nanaimo, BC (Pop: 146,574) Basic service provides for one standard size container collected per week or two standard size containers for customers with biweekly collection. Customers that need to put out extra garbage containers can do so by purchasing $2 garbage tags for each additional standard size container with a maximum of two per collection day. A standard size is considered to be 100 L. Seattle, WA (Pop: 608,660) Weekly waste collection is available to residents with the following rates effective January 1, Service Level Curb or Alley Cost (per month) Backyard Micro-can (12 gal) $17.55 Not available Mini-can (20 gal) $21.55 Not available One can (32 gal) $28.05 $39.25 Two 32 gal cans One 64 gal cart Three 32 gal cans One 96 gal cart $56.10 $78.50 $84.15 $ Additional (per can) $28.05 $39.25 Extra garbage (per bundle) $8.60 $8.60 A vacancy rate of $6.85/month ($13.70/bill) may be granted for a single-family residence that will not be occupied or used as a residence for at least 60 consecutive days. Garbage and recycling must not be set out for collection during this time. Page 27 of 39

271 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples South Berwick, ME (Pop: 7,220) Pay per bag system starting January 1, Blue bags with the Town seal will be sold for $7.50 (five 33 gal bags) or $5.00 (five 15 gal bags) for $5.00 at Town Hall and local retailers. St. Albert, AB (Pop: 61,466) All households subscribe to a pay-as-you-throw cart waste management system that offers a range of sizes of carts based on desired capacity. The following table outlines services offered and fees effective June 1, Service Cost/Month 60 L waste cart $ L waste cart $ L waste cart $9.00 Refuse tag $2.15 per tag Stratford, ON (Pop: 30,886) Residents pay directly for the cost of collecting and disposing of garbage at the landfill site. The pay as you waste system treats garbage like a utility where decreased usage means decreased costs. All garbage placed out for pick-up needs to be tagged for collection. Rates effective February 1, 2011 are listed in the following table. Type of Garbage Set Out Capacity and Size Cost (number of tags needed) Plastic Bag Up to 30x38 or 76x96cm, 85 L $2.35 (1 tag) Plastic Bag (Grocery Bag) Standard plastic grocery bag with two handles (1/2 tag cut lengthwise) Rigid Container Up to 128 L $2.35 (1 tag) Bundle (must be tied) 129 to 240 L Carts Ahoy $4.70 (2 tags) 241 to 360 Carts Ahoy $7.05 (3 tags) 22 kg or 50 lbs, 100x50x50cm or 39x20x20 $2.35 (1 tag) Landfill Drop-off Bag or can (up to 5 bags or cans) $2.75 per bag or can Landfill Drop-off Loose loads of garbage (or more than 5 bags or cans) $73.50 per tonne $15 minimum fee Sunshine Coast Regional District, BC (Pop: 28,619) Residents are allowed to put out one 77 litre can of garbage each week. Extra garbage stickers can be purchased for $2.50 each. Vancouver, BC (Pop: 603,502) A variable rate cart collection program started in 2005 with full implementation by Page 28 of 39

272 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Garbage Cart Size Suggested For Maximum Weight 2012 Garbage Fee (annual) 75 L Family of kg $ L Family of 3 or less 50 kg $ L Family of kg $ L Family of 5 or more 100 kg $ L Large extended family or a secondary suite 150 kg $216 Variable Garbage Cart Sizes in Vancouver Extra bag stickers are available for $2 each at City locations and at Safeway. Vancouver Extra Bag Sticker Victoria, BC (Pop: 80,017) Basic service allows one regular container, made of galvanized steel or rigid plastic with two open handles at the top of the rim with a removable watertight lid). Containers must not exceed 100 L (22 gal) in volume and 25 kg (55 lb) in weight. The City enables residents to purchase tags for excess garbage at a cost of $3.50 per tag, which covers the cost of collection and disposal. The extra garbage container must not weight any more than 15 kg (33 lbs). Wrentham, MA (Pop: 10,955) One 34 gal/40 lb bag or barrel of waste and one bulky item (e.g., furniture, mattress, carpet) is allowed per week per household. If additional waste needs to be disposed residents must purchase purple Town of Wrentham Pay-as-you-throw bags (40 lb maximum) for $2 at Town Hall or retail outlets. The Town also offers an annual $20 sticker fee to drop off yard trimmings material at the compost site. Other Communities: Austin, TX (Pop: 790,390) Variable rate cart system. Belleville, ON (Pop: 49,454) Pay for every bag. Purchase tags. Charlottesville, VA (Pop: 43,475) Pay for every bag. Purchase bags. Page 29 of 39

273 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Dryden, ON (Pop: 7,617) Pay for every bag. Purchase tags. Fort Collins, CO (Pop: 143,986) Variable rate bag/can and cart system. Greater Napanee, ON (Pop: 15,511) Pay for every bag. Purchase tags. Kamloops, BC (Pop: 85,678) Variable rate cart system with extra bag tags. Kirksville, MO (Pop: 17,505) One bag/can limit with extra bag tags. Mankato, MN (Pop: 39,309) Variable rate cart system with extra bag tags. Marathon, ON (Pop: 3,863) Pay for every bag. Purchase tags. Pitts Meadow, BC (Pop: 17,736) One bag/can limit with extra bag/can tags. Plymouth, MA (Pop: 56,468) Pay for every bag starting July 1, Purchase bag. Seattle, WA (Pop: 608,660) Variable rate can and cart system. Shrewsbury, MA (Pop: 36,608) Pay for every bag. Purchase bags. St. Marys, ON (Pop: 6,293) One bag limit with extra bag tags. Vancouver, WA (Pop: 161,791) Variable rate cart system. Contact Greg Preston Superintendent of Waste Management City of Orillia 50 Andrew Street South, Suite 300 Orillia, Ontario L3V 7T5 T: (705) gpreston@city.orillia.on.ca Page 30 of 39

274 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Multi-family Programming North Vancouver, British Columbia Population: 48,196 Definition Multi-family housing requires different approaches to waste reduction and diversion than single-family programs. Although multi-family residents may have access to existing drop-off programs, their participation is typically low, requiring specific programs designed for this sector of the residential population to achieve any significant results. Description The North Shore Recycling Program offers and administers a North Vancouver multi-family blue cart recycling program. In June 2008, the program won the Recycling Council of British Columbia s Public Sector and Education Award. This three blue cart program is available for newspaper, mixed paper and mixed containers (e.g., cans, bottles, yoghurt containers) from apartments, condominiums and townhouses. Three simple steps lead multi-family blue cart recycling: 1) Find a residential storage spot. Baskets, boxes and stackable options in a central location are ideal. Blue multi-family recycling tote bags are also available from The North Shore Recycling Program. 2) Separate newspaper, mixed paper and mixed containers into appropriate basket/box/bag in the residence. 3) Take sorted recyclables to building recycling carts and drop into the designated blue cart. Carts are typically placed near the building garbage dumpster. For a detailed list of materials accepted visit This recycling program is paid for in building property taxes/utility charges so property managers and owners can contact North Shore Recycling Program to start this initiative anytime. Page 31 of 39

275 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples North Vancouver Apartment, Condo and Townhouse Recycling Guide Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Medium reduction potential. Communities with Similar Program Arlington County, VA (Pop: 207,627) Multi-family dwellings collect separated newspaper, glass bottles and jars and metal food and beverage cans. Plastic bottle and jugs can also be separated. Barrie, ON (Pop: 135,711) Paper (e.g., newspaper, mixed paper, boxboard, telephone books, cardboard) and container (e.g., plastics #1 - #7, glass bottles and jars, aluminum trays, food and beverage containers) carts are located in multi-residential buildings for recycling. Burnaby, BC (Pop: 223,218) Multi-family units are offered recycling for newspaper, paper products (e.g., boxboard, magazines, office paper, telephone books) and containers (e.g., glass food and beverage containers; tin and aluminum cans; #1, #2, #4 and #5 plastic containers) in separate carts. Cardboard is also accepted if flattened and placed by carts or placed in dumpster bin. The City also provides yard and garden waste collection service for multi-family units. Capital Regional District, BC (Pop: 359,991) The Capital Regional District developed an apartment/condominium (5 or more units) recycling program in 2000 that provides funding to building owners and managers to help pay for private collection services for recyclables. In 2005, the program expanded by providing free bin decals to all service providers to ensure that consistent information and signage for collection containers and in 2006, reusable recycling tote bags were available for residents. Page 32 of 39

276 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Capital Regional District Reusable Bag The District pays the following fees for private recycling services to building owners and managers: Building Size Funding per Unit 1 Minimum Maximum 5 to 10 units $17.69 $88.45 $ to 30 units $12.16 $ $ to 75 units $9.40 $ $ More than 75 units $7.74 $ The District may, in its sole discretion, change the funding per unit on July 1 st of each renewal term of the Recycling Services Agreement (Capital Regional District, 2012) For more information on this program visit Davis, CA (Pop: 65,622) The City of Davis provides apartment buildings (10 or more units) with recycling carts that are located by waste containers. One is for mixed paper and the other for plastic, glass and metal containers. Cardboard is also accepted if it is flattened and stacked next to the recycling carts. Hallandale Beach, FL (Pop: 37,113) Comingled multi-family (five or more units) collection of cardboard, mixed paper, metal cans, glass and plastic bottles. Markham, ON (Pop: 301,709) More than 80% of apartment buildings are serviced through the Town of Markham s weekly Multi-residential Recycling Program (e.g., apartments, condominiums and some types of townhouses). Each unit is given one reusable Blue Bag to assist residents store recyclables. This bag belongs to the Town of Markham and must remain with the apartment unit in the event of a move-out. Buildings have blue containers for single stream recycling of paper, newspaper, milk and juice cartons, boxboard, cardboard, glass and plastic bottles and jars, aluminum and steel cans, books and empty aerosol cans. Residents can also take blue bag recyclables to a central drop-off facility which accepts other items such as, cell phones, fluorescent tubes and bulbs, ink cartridges, scrap metal, Styrofoam and tires. Page 33 of 39

277 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Markham Blue Bag Melbourne, FL (Pop: 76,068) 90 gal carts are used for multi-family residents recyclable collection which includes aluminum, steel and tin cans; glass bottles and jars; paper products; and plastic bottles and containers. This is a comingled program and materials do not have to be separated. New Westminster, BC (Pop: 65,976) Recyclables are sorted into mixed paper and cardboard, newspaper and mixed containers (glass and tin) carts. Orillia, ON (Pop: 30,586) Recycling is mandatory for the 130 apartment complexes with six or more dwelling units. For larger apartments, the City provides a 360 L recycling cart while smaller apartments may utilize the regular Recycling Box Program. Paper (e.g., newspaper, phone books, office paper, boxboard) is placed loose or in a clear plastic bag in the paper cart and containers (e.g., metal food and beverage cans, plastic bottles, tubs and lids, glass bottles and jars) are to be placed loose in the container cart. Plastic shopping bags are requested to be placed in a separate bag in the paper cart and clean Styrofoam is also collected in the paper cart if it is placed in a bag. Apartments with six or more dwelling units can set out up to eight bundles of cardboard without a garbage tag. Bundles must not be larger than 75 cm x 120 cm x 25 cm (30 x 48 x 10 ) and must be placed next to the recycling carts. The Apartment Recycling Handbook for Superintendents and Property Managers is located at Owen Sound, ON (21,688) The Apartment Blue Bin Recycling Program started in the late 1990 s and accepts sorted recyclables in five carts: cans and plastics, clear glass, paper, coloured glass and boxboard. Collection takes place weekly on the same route as business recycling collection. Corrugated cardboard is picked up separately every Wednesday for downtown multi-family buildings and one Monday per month for multi-family buildings throughout the rest of the city. Port Moody, BC (Pop: 32,975) Multi-family residences are offered three stream recycling collection. One toter accepts glass, metal and plastic containers, the second one is for newspaper and the third one is for paper, cardboard, magazines and telephone books. Richmond, BC (Pop: 190,473) Each multi-family complex has a recycling depot consisting of several 360 L (95 gal) blue recycling carts. Newsprint, paper products and containers are separated into different carts. Cardboard is bundled and placed next to the carts. The City of Richmond also requires that all multi-family residential and mixed-use buildings have adequate storage for garbage and recycling through Building Code Regulations section Page 34 of 39

278 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Toronto, ON (Pop: 2,615,060) To assist multi-unit owners/managers increase recycling, the city is providing free in-unit recycling containers to owners/managers to give to residents. Options include a blue box or blue bag as seen below. Toronto Hard-shell Blue Box With Handle Toronto Soft-shell Blue Bag with Handles Vancouver, BC (Pop: 603,502) The City s Apartment Recycling Program has been operating since the Summer of The program includes more than 156,000 residential suites and 4,800 multi-family buildings in Vancouver. Most multi-family buildings are supplied with wheeled carts for newsprint, mixed paper products and mixed containers. Each residential suite receives a reusable tote bag for storing and transporting recyclables to the wheeled cart for weekly collection. Contact Vancouver Multi-Family Recycling Collection Calendar North Shore Recycling Program 148 East 2 nd Street North Vancouver, BC V7L 1C3 T: (604) F: (604) enquiries@nsrp.bc.ca Page 35 of 39

279 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Biweekly Garbage Collection Prince Edward Island Population: 140,204 Definition Reduction of garbage collection to biweekly, alternating with recyclables and/or organics. Description Island Waste Management Corporation (IWMC) is the service provider that oversees all aspects of waste, recyclable and organics collection along with other Prince Edward Island (PEI) diversion programs including Christmas tree collection, spring and fall cleanup and household hazardous waste collection. PEI has biweekly black cart (140 L/37 gal or 240L/64 gal) garbage collection that alternates with green cart organics (kitchen and yard waste) collection. In addition to the black cart, two clear transparent plastic bags or rigid containers can be set out for collection but must not weight over 75 lbs. The maximum weight for each black cart is 220 lbs. Blue bag recyclables are collected monthly on PEI. Carts are to be placed within six feet of the curb. During the winter months, they may be placed at a reasonable distance from the curb to accommodate for snow plows. Residential waste that is accepted in the black cart includes: Non-Recyclable Plastic Styrofoam stretch wrap from meats, dairy, and other foods cereal, cracker, and cookie box liners snack food packaging (chips, chocolate bars) plastic dishes and cutlery bubble packaging Empty motor oil, antifreeze, transmission fluid containers Glass and Ceramics all glass other than container glass drinking glasses light bulbs (not fluorescent) window and mirror glass all dishes including Pyrex Textiles, Leather and Vinyl clothing boots and shoes pantyhose and stockings purses Other Waste pet food bags (with plastic liners) sanitary products disposable diapers chewing gum toothpaste tubes cotton swabs vacuum bags and contents cigarette butts, COLD dryer sheets/lint foil and cellophane gift wrap bows, ribbon and string Page 36 of 39

280 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples The three stream collection for garbage, organics and recyclables is placed on residential tax bills. Annual program costs are $205/household and seasonal services for cottages; $95/cottage (June 1 to Sept 30) and $120/extended cottage (mid-may to end of October). This fee also includes Christmas tree collection, spring and fall cleanup and household hazardous waste collection. Residents that move to PEI throughout the year receive prorated fees. Although carts are assigned to residential properties, they remain the property of IWMC. Carts are under warranty and if repairs or parts are required, residents are to contact IWMC. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low to medium reduction potential. Communities with Similar Program Didsbury, AB (Pop: 4,957) Biweekly garbage cart collection alternating with organics. Durham Region, ON (Pop: 617,975) Biweekly garbage collection of bags/containers with weekly collection of recycling and kitchen waste. A four bag/container limit exists per household with a maximum weight of 44 lbs. Garbage bag tags can be purchased for $1.50 each at municipal facilities for bags/containers that are over the limit. East Hants, NS (Pop: 22,111) Biweekly garbage bag collection with a five bag limit. Georgina, ON (Pop: 43,517) Each household is permitted to set out one garbage bag or container with a 22 kg (50 lb) maximum every other week. Additional items, up to four, require a garbage bag tag. Halifax Regional Municipality, NS (Pop: 390,096) The Regional Municipality provides biweekly garbage pick-up in a bag or can that alternates with organics. Garbage collection is on the same day as recycling collection. A six bag/can limit exists with a maximum weight of 55 lb/bag and 75 lb/can. Markham, ON (Pop: 301,709) Biweekly garbage collection in a bag or can takes place on the same day as organics and recycling collection. A three bag/can limit exists with a 40 lb maximum weight per bag/can. Oak Bay, BC (Pop: 18,015) The municipality offers biweekly garbage tote collection. Oak Bay Public Works sell residents totes. Olds, AB (Pop: 8,235) Biweekly black cart (360 L /96 gal) garbage collection alternating with organics. Oshawa, ON (Pop: 152,000) Biweekly bag/can garbage collection the same day as recycling. A four bag/can limit exists with a 22 lb bag/can maximum weight. Owen Sound, ON (Pop: 21,688) Biweekly garbage collection on the same day as recycling. Four bag/container limit with a 40 lb maximum. Portland, OR (Pop: 583,776) On October 31, 2011 Portland moved from weekly garbage collection to biweekly pick-up. Recycling and organic waste are collected weekly. Port Coquitlam, BC (Pop: 56,342) The City moved to biweekly garbage collection started January 14, Garbage collection alternates with recycling. Port Moody, BC (Pop: 32,975) Biweekly cart waste collection alternating with recycling collection. Regional District of Nanaimo, BC (Pop: 146,574) Basic service provides for one standard size container (100 L/22 gal, 23kg/50 lbs) collected per week or two standard size containers for customers with biweekly collection. Customers that need to put out extra garbage containers can do so by purchasing $2 garbage tags ($3 for customers served by the District of Lantzville) for each additional standard size container with a maximum of two per collection day. Page 37 of 39

281 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples Regional Municipality of Halton, ON (Pop: 501,669) Biweekly collection started April 7, 2008, with a six bag/can limit of 23 kg (50 lbs) each. Richmond Hill, ON (Pop: 185,541) Biweekly bag/can garbage collection is available to residents. A four bag/can limit exists with a 18 kg maximum. Extra garbage tags are purchased for $2 each and only sold in quantities of five. Strathcona County, AB (Pop: 92,490) Biweekly automated black cart (240 L/65 gal) waste collection alternates with organic green cart (240 L/60 gal) collection started June 16, Toronto, ON (Pop: 2,615,060) Biweekly bag/can garbage collection that alternates with recycling and is on the same day as kitchen waste collection. A six bag/can limit exists. Vancouver, WA (Pop: 161,791) Offers biweekly waste collection for 20, 32 and 64 gal carts. Contact Prince Edward Island Government Department of Environment, Energy and Forestry Jones Building, 4th Floor 11 Kent Street, PO Box 2000 Charlottetown, PEI C1A 7NB Island Waste Management Corporation 110 Watts Avenue Charlottetown, PEI C1E 2C1 T: (902) F: (902) T: (888) T: (902) F: (902) info@iwmc.pe.ca Page 38 of 39

282 Appendix F Residential Waste Reduction Examples References Capital Regional District, Recycling Services Agreement. 6 pgs. City of Glendale, Water Conservation Landscape Rebates. City of Toronto, 2010 Residential Waste Diversion. 1 pg. Nanda, A., President. RecycleBank Canada. Telephone Communication. February 6, T: (905) , C: (905) Page 39 of 39

283 Appendix G: Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples Waste Diversion Assistance Metro Vancouver, British Columbia Population: 2,313,328 Definition Government or organization provides technical assistance to businesses in terms of information that helps organizations implement waste reduction programs. Description Launched in 2004, the SmartSteps program is Metro Vancouver s (formerly the Greater Vancouver Regional District) program of technical assistance, tools and information to help businesses become more eco-efficient. The program helps businesses find specific, cost-effective actions to become more efficient, protect profits and add value to the community. This program provides businesses with a program of tools, technical assistance and information to help businesses divert waste and implement other environmental initiatives. The SmartSteps sustainable business program works to promote eco-efficiency and sustainable work practices that take into consideration social, financial and environmental elements. Key elements of the program include: waste reduction and recycling, water conservation, energy efficiency, air quality control and sewer use discharge reduction. This program targets small and medium sized industrial, commercial and institutional businesses within Metro Vancouver and aims to provide ICI businesses with information, technical assistance and tools to help make the business case for sustainability. SmartSteps provides information and tools as both web and print-based materials on the following topics: Business Guide to Eco-Efficiency Sustainable Purchasing Guide Sector Guides Case Studies Tools Products and services directory Business case TCA (total cost assessment) Sustainable Purchasing Guide Page 1 of 17

284 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples Smart Steps Business Guide to Eco-Efficiency More information on the SmartSteps program is located at Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low to medium reduction potential. Depends on extent of assistance. Communities/Organizations with Similar Program Austin, TX (Pop: 790,390) WasteSMART is a City of Austin Solid Waste Services program that recognizes businesses for making efforts in the workplace to reduce and recycle waste and to buy recycled products. Businesses that become a WasteSMART Partner have the business name listed on the city website, are allowed to use the WasteSMART logo on business communications and can place WasteSMART decals at door entries or in other public areas. The City provides waste assessments through the Waste Reduction Assistance Program (WRAP). This voluntary service gives businesses hands-on business specific assistance on recycling, waste reduction and purchasing environmentally preferable products that is confidential and free of charge. More information on the WasteSMART is located at For more information on the Waste Reduction Assistance Program visit CalRecycle CalRecycle (California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery), formerly the California Integrated Waste Management Board, has assisted businesses since 1993 with a variety of Business Waste Reduction Programs. CalRecycle gathers and disseminates information directly to businesses or through local governments who offer modest assistance grants to either establish or enhance reuse within California. At this time the business program is at a low-level maintenance stage; CalRecycle continues to match businesses with recycling providers and develops business kits for individual businesses upon request. In the past, on-site visits were offered to businesses along with workshops and presentations at conferences and association meetings. These services are rarely requested today as most businesses are well aware of recycling opportunities as this program has been in place for fifteen years. Page 2 of 17

285 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples In addition to basic technical assistance CalRecycle developed two programs, the Waste Reduction Awards Program and the California Materials Exchange, to complement its business waste diversion initiative. Fact sheets, case studies, posters, signs, and information on awards, government contacts, market development, purchasing, and prevention and recycling are available on the CalRecycle website. More information on the CalRecycle Business Waste Reduction Programs is located at Green Star Green Star is an Alaska non-profit organization that started in 1990 and encourages businesses and organizations to practice waste reduction, energy conservation and pollution prevention. Green Star provides assistance with green events, site assessments and administers the Green Star Award. For more information on GreenStar visit King County, WA (Pop: 1,931,249) The King County Solid Waste Division focuses on workplace waste prevention and diversion activities through website education. Information on workplace recycling, waste prevention activities and property managers recycling is located at Portland, OR (Pop: 583,776) Recycle at Work, provided by Metro Portland, is a resource center that offers free tools and assistance to help businesses reduce, reuse and recycle. From giving a single recycling presentation and conducting an on-site evaluation by a business recycling specialist to developing a comprehensive waste reduction and recycling program, services are customized to meet the specific business needs. Free Recycle at Work services include: Starting or expanding a waste prevention or recycling program On-site evaluation of waste to determine what major items are and how to reduce, reuse or recycle them Free desk-side recycling containers Information on waste prevention, recycling and purchasing recycled-content products A detailed report summarizing current waste-reduction practices with recommendations for improvement Employee educational materials and presentations including free posters and videos Help finding appropriate options for disposing of hard-to-recycle items in this region For more information on Recycle at Work visit Page 3 of 17

286 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples Portland Recycle at Work Central Collection Box Portland Recycle at Work Desk-side Box Portland Container Recycling Poster Portland Mixed Paper Recycling Poster Portland Composts! provided by the City of Portland Bureau of Planning and Sustainability, helps businesses start or improve their organics diversion. Posters and stickers are available along with assistance with employee training. Portland Composts! Poster For more information visit New Jersey (Pop: 8,821,155) The New Jersey WasteWise Business Network is a free, voluntary program established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, States are encouraged to Page 4 of 17

287 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples set up WasteWise programs to help businesses reduce their waste by registering as a partner or endorser (sign up others). Partners receive technical assistance, access to a free helpline, information, tool kits and other resources. More information on the New Jersey WasteWise Business Network is located at New York, NY (Pop: 8,175,133) Waste Less in NYC is New York City s one-stop waste prevention and recycling resource. The site was written and produced by the New York City Department of Sanitation s Bureau of Waste Prevention, Reuse and Recycling. It provides information for businesses, agencies and schools, and households. Business and agencies and schools information focuses on waste prevention, recycling opportunities, green building, product stewardship, case studies and measurement tools. For business information visit Seattle, WA (Pop: 608,660) The Resource Venture program, sponsored by Greater Seattle Chamber of Commerce in partnership with Seattle Public Utilities, promotes waste prevention and green procurement in businesses and provides free information and technical assistance to improve environmental performance of their operations. A variety of publications are available online at These include an employee education guide book called 7 Steps to a Successful Business Recycling Program, a Small Business Recycling publication and a factsheet called Buying Recycled Products. Resource Venture also features prominently in Seattle s commercial food waste diversion program by providing information and assistance to businesses to start up a commercial food waste diversion program. More information on the Resource Venture Program is located at Contact Metro Vancouver Smart Steps Program 4330 Kingsway Burnaby, BC V5H 4G8 T: (604) general info T: (604) SmartSteps F: (604) business_services@gvrd.bc.ca Page 5 of 17

288 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples Waste Diversion Promotion CalRecycle (California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery; formerly the California Integrated Waste Management Board) Definition Public acknowledgement of businesses and institutions that achieve significant waste reduction goals to encourage similar programs within other organizations, while reinforcing positive behaviours associated with these accomplishments, and helping to raise the public profile of participating businesses. Description CalRecycle coordinates the Waste Reduction Awards Program (WRAP) which provides the opportunity for California businesses to gain public recognition for their outstanding efforts to reduce waste. Businesses do not compete against each other as each business is judged independently based on individual accomplishments. Successful applicants receive an award certificate from the State of California along with a camera-ready WRAP WINNER logo and window decal. The logo can be used on products, advertising and business websites to publicize waste reduction efforts. In addition, CalRecycle publicizes WRAP winners via local and statewide press releases and are listed on the CalRecycle WRAP website. WRAP Logo The following lists examples of how the WRAP winner logo is being promoted: AT&T Yellow Pages, a multi-year winner, places the logo on the back cover of all California white and yellow page telephone directories. Dole Fresh Vegetables printed the logo on its invoices. Nissan Motor Corporation printed the logo on a ceramic coffee cup Bayer Corporation uses the logo in newsletters and/or advertisements Annually CalRecycle recognizes five of the best examples of nonhazardous waste reduction efforts for the WRAP of the Year award. These businesses serve as waste management models for the rest of their industry. For more information on the WRAP program visit Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low to medium reduction potential. Depends on extent of assistance. Since 1993, more than 17,500 awards have been given to over 4,000 California businesses, many being multiple-year winners. Page 6 of 17

289 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples Communities with Similar Program Bay Area Green Business Program (Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, SantaClara, Solano and Sonoma Counties), CA - The Bay Area Green Business Program verifies that businesses meet higher standards of environmental performance. Partnerships between government agencies and utilities helps local businesses comply with all environmental regulations and take actions to conserve resources, prevent pollution, and minimize waste. Over 1,000 businesses and public agencies have been certified since The program was developed by Bay Area local governments in collaboration with US EPA, Cal EPA Department of Toxic Substances Control and the business community. The Association of Bay Area Governments coordinates the Program, which is implemented by Green Business Coordinators in nine participating counties. The Green Business Standards presented below define what a business or public agency must achieve to be certified green. Businesses in over 20 different industries, including auto repair shops, printers, hotels, restaurants, landscapers, wineries, janitorial and laundry services, grocery and retail stores, home remodelers, attorneys, architects, engineers, gift services, and a variety of office and home-based businesses, have successfully met the standards and are now recognized as Bay Area Green Businesses. Four components are evaluated as part of the Green Business Program, solid waste reduction and recycling, water conservation, energy conservation and pollution prevention. The solid waste reduction and recycling section requests the implementation of the following measures: Reduce paper waste in five different ways Incorporate waste reduction methods into your business in five ways Segregate and recycle or reuse five types of materials from your solid waste streams Purchase three recycled or used materials/products for your business Upon receiving Green Business certification recognition is received through: The Green Business Program website at City and agency newsletters Press coverage, promotional events and special recognition Window decals, certificates and promotional materials for business Green Business logo to use in business advertising Comox Valley Regional District, BC (Pop: 63,538) The Comox Strathcona Waste Management (CSWM) service is a function of the Comox Valley Regional District. The CSWM provides businesses/organizations and residents the option to sign the Solution to Zero Waste Pledge and to be added to a directory where you have access to resources information and have the chance to win prizes. For more information visit Green Star Organizations are eligible for the Green Star Award upon meeting ten standards ranging from reducing solid waste disposal, to water and energy consumption reduction, encouraging alternative transportation and providing measures of success. As of February 2012, over 250 organizations are Green Star Award Certified. Recertification occurs every two years. Page 7 of 17

290 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples Green Star Award Logo For more information on GreenStar visit Massachusetts (Pop: 6,587,536) Supermarkets in the State of Massachusetts can acquire certification by providing a comprehensive recycling and reuse program. Certification exempts supermarkets from undergoing the State's routine comprehensive inspections at disposal sites and transfer stations for banned materials in loads, it also can save money and provides positive recognition. This is a voluntary approach to encourage individual supermarkets to develop sustainable recycling programs before taking the step of requiring them through regulation. The onus is on supermarkets to apply for certification biennially and ensure that comprehensive recycling and reuse programs are in place. Through this process an individual supermarket can obtain a Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) Supermarket Recycling Program Certification (SRPC) and qualify for certain regulatory relief. Waste loads from a supermarket with SRPC status are exempt from MassDEP s routine comprehensive inspections at disposal and transfer facilities for the presence of paper (including cardboard), glass, metal and plastic containers, leaves and yard waste. Supermarkets that may apply for certification are defined as grocery stores or supermarkets selling at retail a full line of dry grocery, canned goods, perishable and non-perishable items, with service deli, bakery, and seafood sections, and annual sales of $2 million or more. To participate in this program, a supermarket must certify to MassDEP that it has a comprehensive recycling or reuse program in place for the following materials: Cardboard old corrugated containers made from unwaxed paper with a ruffled (corrugated) inner liner. Organic Materials for donation: edible but non-saleable prepared, perishable, and nonperishable foods. For diversion: produce, edible and inedible food, wet and waxed cardboard, paper, plants, flowers, and wood boxes. Shrink and Plastic Wrap thin plastic film, either Low Density or Linear Low Density Polyethylene, used for packaging pallets or dry product. Certified supermarkets must maintain records to verify that they are meeting program requirements. If 80 percent of the stores owned and operated by a particular company achieve and maintain SRPC status, that company will receive a company-wide certification. MassDEP may change the criteria and/or benefits of certification from year to year in consultation with the Massachusetts Food Association and individual supermarkets. MassDEP provides handbooks and materials to assist supermarkets in developing effective recycling, composting, and diversion programs including: the Supermarket Composting Handbook which is a stepby-step manual for setting up a composting program in a supermarket. Page 8 of 17

291 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples MassDEP estimates that there are over 400 supermarkets in the state generating an estimated 90,600 tons of organic material per year. As of July 2010, over 225 stores from seven major chains (Big Y Foods, Hannaford Bros., Roche Bros., Shaw s, The Stop & Shop Supermarkets Co. LLC, Walmart Supercenters and Whole Foods Markets) were diverting organics to reuse and recycle and saving between $3,000 and $20,000 per location per year in disposal costs. More information regarding this program is located Contact CalRecycle 1001 I Street PO Box 4025 Sacramento, CA T: (916) wrap@calrecycle.ca.gov Page 9 of 17

292 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples ICI Food Waste Collection Seattle, Washington Population: 608,660 Definition Diversion of food waste, particularly from restaurants and grocery stores through City and/or private sector collection. Description Seattle launched its Food Scrap Collection Program in August The City offers a voluntary commercial compost collection program for all businesses that collects food scraps at 32% lower rates than garbage rates. Commercial Compost Container Monthly Rates (effective January 2011) Service Type Each Container, Weekly Pickup Special Pickups, Per Container 32 Gal $25.91 $ Gal $50.65 $ Gal $59.48 $ Yd $ $ Yd $ $ Yd $ $ Yd $ $ Yd $ $ Yd $ $ Yd $ $ This food scrap collection service, saves money for businesses that generate significant amounts of food waste, such as restaurants, grocery stores, bakeries, hotels, schools and flower shops. Through the commercial compost program the following materials are collected: Food scraps Meat, fish and dairy Shells and bones Eggshells, nutshells (paper carton) Fruit and vegetables Pasta and rice Bread and grains Food-soiled paper Coffee grounds, filters and tea bags Paper bags, towels and newspaper Greasy pizza boxes and waxed cardboard Uncoated paper plates and napkins Plant and weed scraps Approved Compostable Packaging Page 10 of 17

293 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples The City provides the Food and Compostables Flyer in a variety of languages to businesses and organizations including: English, Amharic, Cambodian, Chinese, Korean, Laotian, Oromo, Russian, Somali, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, Tigrinya, and Vietnamese. Seattle Compostable Items Flyer Seattle is working with private waste haulers to offer organics collection. The contracted waste hauler will provide a compost collection container and collection service. The City announced that as of Oct. 1, 2007 Allied Waste Services will be the only contracted compost service provider for the City although businesses can still choose to contract with another private hauler that provides the service (there are three including Allied). The program is part of Seattle s larger Resource Venture Program which provides free technical assistance, training and advice on how to collect food waste and compost within a business location. The program also encourages businesses to donate packaged food and food that has not been served to customers to be donated to a local food bank. Administrative Rule SPU-DR states that businesses are prohibited from disposing of significant amounts (more than 10% by volume of container) of paper, cardboard and yard debris in garbage as of January Allied Waste Services offers businesses yard and landscape debris recycling services for an additional charge. Effective in 2006, business owner and property manager ban enforcement will consist of city inspectors sending account holder up to two warning notices before a $50 fine is imposed. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Medium reduction potential. More than 1,300 Seattle area restraunts, grocery stores, hotels, food processors, churches, schools, businesses and others compost their food scraps through the City of Seattle s Commercial Compost Program. In 2009, these organizations diverted nearly 39,000 tons of food and yard waste from landfill. Communities with Similar Program Halifax Regional Municipality, NS (Pop: 390,096) Organic material (food and yard waste), fibre recyclables and blue box recyclables are unacceptable for landfill disposal. A source separation for these Page 11 of 17

294 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples materials is required by law (By-law No. S-600) at all commercial properties in the Regional Municipality of Halifax. The commercial sector, businesses and institutions must take part in an organics collection program along with recycling and garbage collection. Property owners are to contact their waste hauler to review source separated collection services. Food and yard waste along with boxboard, soiled paper, sawdust and wood shavings are collected in green carts. Effective November 5, 2007 pursuant to an amendment to Section 12.2 of By-Law No. S-600, signage of sufficient size and number is required to be posted to provide occupants with specific recycling and organics instructions for proper sorting of organic material, and fibre and blue bag recyclables. Jasper, AB (Pop: 4,051) - Hotels and restaurants have the option to order a compost collection cart which is picked up by the town. Currently there are 19 restaurants/hotels/grocery stores that participate in the organics collection program, and more businesses are interested in signing on. Organics Bin Outside a Jasper Grocery Store Portland, OR (Pop: 583,776) The City provides food waste collection targeting restaurants, hotels and grocery stores recognizing that 75% of waste that goes to the landfill comes from businesses. Studies show that food waste, food contaminated paper and waxy corrugated cardboard make up nearly 30% of that total. Roughly 54,000 tons of food waste and food-contaminated paper enter the commercial waste stream each year. This is a voluntary program called Portland Composts! Businesses in the City of Portland can contract with waste haulers to collect food waste and food-soiled paper for composting. The City of Portland provides technical assistance, training for your employees, communications and marketing materials and more. Regional District of Nanaimo, BC (Pop: 146,574) In April 2005, the Regional District of Nanaimo Board of Directors approved a commercial food waste diversion program. Effective December 1, 2005, the Board implemented a ban of ICI organics, affecting approximately 800 businesses and institutions, at the landfill when the International Composting Corporation in vessel composting facility opened near Duke Point. Banned compostable materials include: Fruits and vegetables Soiled paper plates and cups Meat, fish, shellfish, poultry and bones Soiled paper towels and napkins Dairy products Soiled waxed paper Bread, pasta and baked goods Food soiled cardboard and paper Tea bags, coffee grounds and filters Egg shells Wooden stir-mix Page 12 of 17

295 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples By-law 1428 imposed a ban on all food and organic waste from commercial sources including food services, food and beverage stores, hospitals, educational institutions with food services, nursing and residential homes, community food services. Examples of this are kitchen waste receptacles in restaurants, waste bins in grocery store produce departments and bags of damp paper towels from commercial restrooms. This ban also included yard waste. The Regional District worked with haulers to provide alternative organic collection options and provided stakeholder sessions prior to implementation of the by-law and ban. An estimated 6,000 t of commercial organics is diverted per year through this program. By 2010, the Regional District hopes to divert 75 per cent of food waste from landfill to licensed composting facilities. Businesses are required to pay for collection and processing of the organic food waste as well as the bins. Towards the end of 2008 the Regional District is planning to revisit education/communication options for the ICI sector including site visits and bylaw compliance. San Francisco, CA (Pop: 805,235) The City offers a variety of programs to divert food waste from the commercial sector including redistribution of food to food banks, recovering food processing waste by farmers as animal feed, collection of grease and meat for rendering, on-site composting pilots and offering food waste collection services provided by the City s two franchised haulers. More than 1,800 San Francisco restaurants and other food-related businesses are providing food scraps and other compostable material to San Francisco's food scrap compost program. These food scraps are made into nitrogen rich compost and used by vineyards in the heart of California's wine country, including Napa, Sonoma, El Dorado and Mendocino Counties. To encourage commercial sector food recovery, the city contracts with a consultant to assist program development and analysis. The consultant also provides training, monitoring, follow-up, and outreach to food waste generating customers with commercial food collection service (provided by the city s haulers). The city has also funded indoor sorting containers to assist participants. In addition, the city and county have provided more than $350,000 in grant money to help build the edible food recovery infrastructure. Toronto, ON (Pop: 2,615,060) Part of the commercial Yellow Bag Program includes organics collection of: Fruit and vegetable scraps Meat and fish products Dairy products Cake, cookies and candy Indoor plants (no pots or baskets) Diapers and sanitary products Pasta, bread and cereal Egg shells Coffee grinds and filters Tea bags Soiled paper food packaging, towels, napkins, tissues and wet paper Organics and recycling collection is provided at no charge only to customers in the Yellow Bag Program and using authorized yellow bags for City garbage collection. Organics are collected in 35-gallon or 95-gallon carts that are purchased from the City for $62.15 and $96.05 respectively, including taxes. Depending on the business location, organics collection service will take place once or twice per week. Large organics generators, for instance restaurants and green grocers, can apply for five or six collections per week for a prepaid fee. Yosemite National Park, CA Delaware North Companies Parks & Resorts initiated a comprehensive composting program for Yosemite National Park in 2009 to complement its longstanding recycling efforts Page 13 of 17

296 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples at the park. Through November 2010, the composting initiative diverted 216 tons of organic waste including food waste and paper products from Yosemite s kitchens and restraunts to Mariposa County s composting facility (an enclosed in vessel system, including an air and odor control system and a water re-circulation system). This represents about 10 percent of the 2,100 tons of solid waste that Yosemite sent to landfill during the same period (Delaware North Companies Parks and Resorts, 2011). The composting program started at four locations, The Ahwahnee, Yosemite Lodge at the Falls, Degnan s Deli and The Loft and subsequently expanded to include kitchens at Curry Village, Village Grill, White Wolf Lodge, Tuolumne Meadows Lodge and the High Sierra Camps. In each kitchen, Delaware North placed separate garbage containers and organic containers with a compostable material liner. In October 2010 the National Parks Service at Yosemite joined the initiative by collecting organic waste at its housing complex in Yosemite Valley. During the spring of 2012 Delaware North expanded the program to its housing facilities. With the continued expansion of this initiative there is the potential to divert 1,400 tons of waste (half of Yosemite s waste stream) from being landfilled (Delaware North Companies Parks and Resorts, 2011). Additionally, Delaware North worked closely with Mariposa County to test the ability of plastic and paper alternatives to biodegrade at the County composting facility. Containers made of plant starches, potato starch products for dishware and paper products made with recycled paper were identified as the best options. By using biodegradable dinnerware and packaging more organic waste is diverted from the landfill. As a result of this program, Delaware North Companies Parks and Resorts received a top 2011 environmental achievement award from the National Park Service for initiating this comprehensive composting program in Yosemite National Park. Contact Seattle Public Utilities Seattle Municipal Tower 700, 5 th Avenue, Suite 4900 Seattle, WA USA T: (206) Page 14 of 17

297 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples ICI Recycling Collection Toronto, Ontario Population: 2,615,060 Definition Businesses receive collection of recyclables by either the City or private sector. This program can be linked to residential recycling programs. Description The Yellow Bag Program started in September 2002 to encourage Toronto s commercial customers to decrease garbage while increasing recycling and organics collection. Generally commercial establishments of less than four floors and less than 500 square meters ground space, qualify for this program. Eligible customers place garbage in special yellow bags for pick-up. Bags and tags (for bundles up to 120 x 80 x 80 cm) are available at Toronto Canadian Tire locations for $3.10 each. This covers the cost of collection and disposal of garbage. Toronto Yellow Bag Collection Program The City collects recyclable materials and organics from businesses at no extra cost; it is included in the $3.10 per bag garbage collection fee. Food waste and recyclables (e.g., metal, glass and plastic bottles, jars, tubs, milk/juice cartons, cardboard, office paper, magazines, newspaper, telephone books) are collected twice a week at night in high commercial areas and weekly for other commercial businesses. Organics are collected in 35 gal green carts purchased from the City for $62.15 (including tax) while it is recommended that recyclables are collected in 95 gal blue carts purchased from the City for $96.05 (including tax). Commercial recyclables are also accepted in blue boxes and clear plastic bags. It is up to the business to decide how many carts meet their collection needs. Night time crews collect garbage, recycling and organics from businesses. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Medium to high reduction potential. An estimated 4,000 5,000 businesses take part in the Yellow Bag Program. No current statistics available for the Yellow Bag Program. Page 15 of 17

298 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples Lessons Learned Even though businesses must meet defined program criteria and must apply for City of Toronto collection services, many businesses purchase Yellow Bags from Canadian Tire and automatically think that they will receive pickup even though they do not meet program criteria or have not applied for collection service. Businesses tend that think that the City will pick up items that do not fit in Yellow Bags for no cost. More education is required so that businesses realize that a Yellow Tag can be used in place of a Yellow Bag for larger items. Community/Organizations with Similar Program Examples below are municipal business collection programs. The private sector typically offers cardboard collection, at a minimum, for businesses. Contact private haulers or recycling collection businesses to determine local options. Barrie, ON (Pop: 135,711) Blue (glass, plastic, metal containers) and grey (paper products) recycling boxes are collected weekly. Large cardboard under 75 cm x 75 cm x 20 cm is requested to be flattened and placed next to boxes with a one bundle per week maximum for businesses. This is considered to be a City service and is paid for through business taxes. Boise, ID (Pop: 205,671) The City offers commercial recycling service to all businesses, non-profit organizations, churches, schools and multi-family complexes. Newspapers and inserts, aluminum and tin cans, mixed paper and plastics (#1-#7) are collected in either blue bins, wheeled carts and green dumpsters. Daily, weekly or monthly collection is available by Allied Waste. Hamilton, ON (Pop: 519,949) Businesses that are along existing residential collection routes can participate in recyclable curbside collection. One blue box is for containers (e.g., pop cans, cardboard cans, empty aerosol cans, aluminum trays, plastic bottles #1 & #2, plastic tubs #5, Tetra-Pack items) and the other is for paper products (e.g., boxboard, magazines, newspaper, paper, cardboard). London, ON (Pop: 366,151) Curbside recycling collection, on a six work day cycle, is available to businesses located on existing residential collection routes at no charge. Quantities are limited to five blue boxes (e.g., food, beverage and liquid containers) and not weighing more than 18 kg/40 lbs and two bundles of cardboard per collection. Noetix Corp. this 60 employee software provider in Redmond, WA set up a food composting program in the lunch room to facilitate proper disposal of coffee filters, corn based plates and utensils and food waste. Waste Management started business food waste curbside collection in 2009 and Noetix receives twice a week collection from this hauler. Eco bags are used to line the food waste container in the lunch room and are removed nightly by the cleaning staff. Food waste is taken to Cedar Grove Composting for processing and sold back to the public. Some employees that do not have residential food waste collection bring home food waste to the office to be diverted. Noetix had their first zero waste event, a summer picnic in 2009, which included food waste diversion. Orillia, ON (Pop: 30,586) For larger businesses, the City provides 360 L recycling carts while smaller businesses may utilize the regular Recycling Box Program. Paper (e.g., newspaper, phone books, office paper, boxboard) is placed loose or in a clear plastic bag in the paper cart and containers (e.g., metal food and beverage cans, plastic bottles, tubs and lids, glass bottles and jars) are to be placed loose in the container cart. Plastic shopping bags are requested to be placed in a separate bag in the paper cart and clean Styrofoam is also collected in the paper cart if it is placed in a bag. Businesses and institutions are limited to four bundles of cardboard without a garbage tag. Bundles must not be larger than 75 cm x 120 cm x 25 cm (30 x 48 x 10 ) and must be placed next to the recycling carts. Owen Sound, ON (Pop: 21,688) Businesses are given five blue carts (65 gal) by the City to collect separated recyclables (e.g., cans and plastics, clear glass, paper, coloured glass and boxboard). Page 16 of 17

299 Appendix G ICI Waste Reduction / Recycling Examples Collection takes place weekly on the same route as multi-family recycling collection. This is a tax base service. Corrugated cardboard is picked up separately every Wednesday for downtown businesses and one Monday per month for businesses throughout the rest of the city with the exception of the Industrial Park. Regional Municipality of Waterloo (Pop: 507,096) Region of Waterloo businesses are eligible to receive blue box recycling collection only if the business is located on an existing municipal curbside collection route. Businesses not meeting this criteria must hire their own contractors for recycling collection. A maximum of three blue boxes and three bundles of corrugated cardboard are allowed per eligible business weekly. Note: corrugated cardboard must be broken down to no larger than 75 cm x 75 cm x 20 cm (30" x 30" x 8") and tied. University of Victoria The University offers a voluntary Office Composting Program to help academic and support units on campus divert organic waste (coffee grounds and filters, paper coffee cups, tea bags, fruit peels and pits, leftover meals including meat and dairy, wooden stir sticks or chopsticks, sugar packets, paper napkins, paper plates and paper cups, and plants or cut flowers) from the landfill. In 2008, UVic had almost 200 offices/units participating in the program. UVic provides an Office Composting kit consisting of a 10 L compost bin, a supply of BioBags and information signs. Six centralized compost stations (240 L green carts) are on campus proper, two in operation buildings and 18 residence stations exist. Compost station carts are collected by ReFUSE and transported to the Fisher Road Recycling Facility (40 km north of Victoria) for in-vessel processing. Contact Sandra Zavaglia Supervisor of Operational Support City of Toronto 505 Richmond Street West Toronto, Ontario M5V 1Y3 T: (416) Page 17 of 17

300 Appendix H: Waste Collection Examples Biweekly Garbage Collection Prince Edward Island Population: 140,204 Definition Reduction of garbage collection to biweekly, alternating with recyclables and/or organics. Description Island Waste Management Corporation (IWMC) is the service provider that oversees all aspects of waste, recyclable and organics collection along with other Prince Edward Island (PEI) diversion programs including Christmas tree collection, spring and fall cleanup and household hazardous waste collection. PEI has biweekly black cart (140 L/37 gal or 240L/64 gal) garbage collection that alternates with green cart organics (kitchen and yard waste) collection. In addition to the black cart, two clear transparent plastic bags or rigid containers can be set out for collection but must not weight over 75 lbs. The maximum weight for each black cart is 220 lbs. Blue bag recyclables are collected monthly on PEI. Carts are to be placed within six feet of the curb. During the winter months, they may be placed at a reasonable distance from the curb to accommodate for snow plows. Residential waste that is accepted in the black cart includes: Non-Recyclable Plastic Styrofoam stretch wrap from meats, dairy, and other foods cereal, cracker, and cookie box liners snack food packaging (chips, chocolate bars) plastic dishes and cutlery bubble packaging Empty motor oil, antifreeze, transmission fluid containers Glass and Ceramics all glass other than container glass drinking glasses light bulbs (not fluorescent) window and mirror glass all dishes including Pyrex Textiles, Leather and Vinyl clothing boots and shoes pantyhose and stockings purses Page 1 of 9

301 Appendix H Waste Collection Examples Other Waste pet food bags (with plastic liners) sanitary products disposable diapers chewing gum toothpaste tubes cotton swabs vacuum bags and contents cigarette butts, COLD dryer sheets/lint foil and cellophane gift wrap bows, ribbon and string The three stream collection for garbage, organics and recyclables is placed on residential tax bills. Annual program costs are $205/household and seasonal services for cottages; $95/cottage (June 1 to Sept 30) and $120/extended cottage (mid-may to end of October). This fee also includes Christmas tree collection, spring and fall cleanup and household hazardous waste collection. Residents that move to PEI throughout the year receive prorated fees. Although carts are assigned to residential properties, they remain the property of IWMC. Carts are under warranty and if repairs or parts are required, residents are to contact IWMC. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low to medium reduction potential. Communities with Similar Program Didsbury, AB (Pop: 4,957) Biweekly garbage cart collection alternating with organics. Durham Region, ON (Pop: 617,975) Biweekly garbage collection of bags/containers with weekly collection of recycling and kitchen waste. A four bag/container limit exists per household with a maximum weight of 44 lbs. Garbage bag tags can be purchased for $1.50 each at municipal facilities for bags/containers that are over the limit. East Hants, NS (Pop: 22,111) Biweekly garbage bag collection with a five-bag limit. Georgina, ON (Pop: 43,517) Each household is permitted to set out one garbage bag or container with a 22 kg (50 lb) maximum every other week. Additional items, up to four, require a garbage bag tag. Halifax Regional Municipality, NS (Pop: 390,096) The Regional Municipality provides biweekly garbage pick-up in a bag or can that alternates with organics. Garbage collection is on the same day as recycling collection. A six bag/can limit exists with a maximum weight of 55 lb/bag and 75 lb/can. Markham, ON (Pop: 301,709) Biweekly garbage collection in a bag or can takes place on the same day as organics and recycling collection. A three bag/can limit exists with a 40 lb maximum weight per bag/can. Oak Bay, BC (Pop: 18,015) The municipality offers biweekly garbage tote collection. Oak Bay Public Works sell residents totes. Olds, AB (Pop: 8,235) Biweekly black cart (360 L /96 gal) garbage collection alternating with organics. Oshawa, ON (Pop: 152,000) Biweekly bag/can garbage collection the same day as recycling. A four bag/can limit exists with a 22 lb bag/can maximum weight. Owen Sound, ON (Pop: 21,688) Biweekly garbage collection on the same day as recycling. Four bag/container limit with a 40 lb maximum. Page 2 of 9

302 Appendix H Waste Collection Examples Portland, OR (Pop: 583,776) On October 31, 2011 Portland moved from weekly garbage collection to biweekly pick-up. Recycling and organic waste are collected weekly. Port Coquitlam, BC (Pop: 56,342) The City moved to biweekly garbage collection started January 14, Garbage collection alternates with recycling. Port Moody, BC (Pop: 32,975) Biweekly cart waste collection alternating with recycling collection. Regional District of Nanaimo, BC (Pop: 146,574) Basic service provides for one standard size container (100 L/22 gal, 23kg/50 lbs) collected per week or two standard size containers for customers with biweekly collection. Customers that need to put out extra garbage containers can do so by purchasing $2 garbage tags ($3 for customers served by the District of Lantzville) for each additional standard size container with a maximum of two per collection day. Regional Municipality of Halton, ON (Pop: 501,669) Biweekly collection started April 7, 2008, with a six bag/can limit of 23 kg (50 lbs) each. Richmond Hill, ON (Pop: 185,541) Biweekly bag/can garbage collection is available to residents. A four bag/can limit exists with a 18 kg maximum. Extra garbage tags are purchased for $2 each and only sold in quantities of five. Strathcona County, AB (Pop: 92,490) Biweekly automated black cart (240 L/65 gal) waste collection alternates with organic green cart (240 L/60 gal) collection started June 16, Toronto, ON (Pop: 2,615,060) Biweekly bag/can garbage collection that alternates with recycling and is on the same day as kitchen waste collection. A six bag/can limit exists. Vancouver, WA (Pop: 161,791) Offers biweekly waste collection for 20, 32 and 64 gal carts. Contact Prince Edward Island Government Department of Environment, Energy and Forestry Jones Building, 4th Floor 11 Kent Street, PO Box 2000 Charlottetown, PEI C1A 7NB T: (902) F: (902) Island Waste Management Corporation 110 Watts Avenue Charlottetown, PEI C1E 2C1 T: (888) T: (902) F: (902) info@iwmc.pe.ca Page 3 of 9

303 Appendix H Waste Collection Examples Automated Garbage Collection Kamloops, British Columbia Population: 85,678 Definition Automated garbage collection incorporates equipment that picks up specially-designed garbage carts from residential streets, and dumps them into the holding area of the truck without the driver ever having to leave the vehicle. Description In January 1, 2006, the City of Kamloops removed garbage collection service charges from residential property taxes and applied a fee on the Utility Bill. City Council wanted to give residents a variety of service options available, so in July 1, 2006, the City introduced a variable rate container system which enables residents to choose from one of four sizes of containers ranging from 120 L to 360 L. The 2012 rates are based on the size of the container as listed below. Litre Size Bag Volume Annual Collection Fee¹ Lease Total 120 L 1.5 Bags $71 + $7 $ L 2.3 Bags $95 + $8 $ L² 3.2 Bags $109 + $10 $ L 4.7 Bags $156 + $11 $167 ¹ Collection Service Charges apply to all residents, whether they lease or own. Lease rates do not apply to residents providing their own City compliant containers. ² Default container size based on average household. With the introduction of city-wide curbside recycling collection in March 2008, residents were permitted once to downsize their subscription container free of charge until July 31, Effective August 1, 2008 a $50 administration fee was applied to change the cart size. All residents are charged for garbage and recycling services on their utility bills and residents receive a 10% discount for pre-deadline payments. Extra garbage stickers can be purchased for $2 per sticker and must be placed on extra garbage bags, which are placed on the ground beside the wheeled cart. The City owns and leases the carts, which provides them with control over the carts and eliminates issues about replacing old and damaged carts, which the City does free of charge. However, at the time of the program s implementation, the City implemented a policy enabling residents to use their own wheeled container, if approved by the City. In order to receive approval, the resident must request an appointment whereby a member of the staff (two full-time collection crew over several months) will go to the resident s home to look at the containers and see if they meet the City s specifications. If the cart meets spec, then the resident will be issued a special sticker which must appear on the cart in order to have it collected. Currently, the City has 3,000 (out of 24,000), or about 13%, approved residentially-owned carts. Those residents that have approval to use their own wheeled cart do not pay the rental fee on their utility bill. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low Page 4 of 9

304 Appendix H Waste Collection Examples Communities with Similar Program Brandon, MB (Pop: 46,061) An automated refuse collection system started October 14, Black carts (45 gal and 95 gal), each with a serial number for tracking purposes, are collected weekly. No extra garbage bags are collected. Burnaby, BC (Pop: 223,218) The City of Burnaby provides weekly automated cart collection to residents for 120 L, 180 L, 240 L and 360 L carts. Lethbridge, AB (Pop: 83,517) The City of Lethbridge offers residents weekly automated 250 L (65 gal, three bag, $11.85/month) or 360 L (95 gal, five bag, $13.60/month) cart collection. A $25 Cart Change Administration fee is charged to residents wishing to switch their cart size and the cost to replace the cart is $100. Medicine Hat, AB (Pop: 60,005) Residential garbage is collected weekly in automated carts for $15.80 per 360 L/96 gal unit. Carts are assigned to an address by a serial number that is hot-stamped on the cart. Olds, AB (Pop: 8,235) Biweekly black cart (240 L/65 gal) collection by the Mountain View Regional Waste Management Commission alternates with organics. The base rate for garbage and compost collection is $18.87 monthly. Extra black carts are available for $18.87/month (max 2 extra carts per household). Port Moody, BC (Pop: 32,975) The City provides residents with weekly automated cart collection for garbage. The standard cart size is 120 L and residents have the option to upgrade to a 240 L for a onetime $35 administration fee. Prince Edward Island (Pop: 140,204) Biweekly automated black cart waste collection, with a maximum cart capacity of 100 kg/220 lbs, is available to residents through the Island Waste Management Corporation. Prince George, BC (Pop: 71,974) In 2004, the City of Prince George implemented its automated variable cart collection system for 135 L, 250 L and 360 L carts. The City does not use tags for additional bags of garbage but, rather, encourages residents to use transfer stations. The City does not collect carts that are overflowing with garbage, such that the lid on the cart will not close. Saskatoon, SK (Pop: 202,408) Automated cart (100 gal) collection takes place weekly from April to October, biweekly from November to mid-december, weekly from mid-december to the end of December and biweekly from January to March. No extra garbage bags are collected. Spruce Grove, AB (Pop: 26,171) Residents receive weekly automated collection of black cart (240 L/ 65 gal). Extra bag (15 kg/33 lb max) tags are $1 each. St. Albert, AB (Pop: 61,466) Automated weekly collection for 120 L, 240 L and 360 L carts is available to residents from Waste Management. Extra waste tags can be purchased for $2.15. Strathcona County, AB (Pop: 92,490) Black cart (240 L/65 gal) biweekly collection started in June 2008 for Strathcona County residents. Automatic waste collection alternates with organics. Extra waste carts are available for an additional fee. Vancouver, BC (Pop: 603,502) Automated cart collection started in 2005 with full implementation by Weekly collection of 120 L, 180 L, 240 L and 360 L carts is available for residents. Extra bag stickers are available for $2 each at City locations and at Safeway. Page 5 of 9

305 Appendix H Waste Collection Examples Other Communities: Port Coquitlam, BC (Pop: 56,342) Automated waste collection for 240 L or 360 L carts. Regional District of Central Okanagan, BC (Pop: 179,839) Automated waste collection program started Spring Vancouver, WA (Pop: 161,791) Automated waste collection for gal carts. Contact Glen Farrow Environmental Services Supervisor City of Kamloops 955 Concordia Way Kamloops, BC V2C 6V3 T: (250) Gfarrow@kamloops.ca Page 6 of 9

306 Appendix H Waste Collection Examples Bulky Waste Brandon, Manitoba Population: 46,061 Definition Service offered to assist resident s dispose of items that are too large for regular garbage collection (e.g., couches and mattresses). Description The Bulky Item Collection Program is a user-pay system that operates year round, one week per month. Items are limited to 25 kg and a maximum of one meter in dimension in any one way. Furniture and appliances are exempt to weight and size restrictions along with tree branches and/or wood that must be bundles that do not exceed 2 meters in length or 25 kg per bundle. One $5 tag is required per item or bundle. Bulky items tags are purchased at the Civic Services Complex or at City Hall Treasury. A copy of this policy is located at Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results None Communities with Similar Program Barrie, ON (Pop: 135,711) The City of Barrie and Habitat for Humanity-Huronia ReStore have partnered to provide a bulky item collection program to residents for $25 per item. Brantford, ON (Pop: 93,650) Residents can call to have their bulky materials collected at the curb twice a year for no charge, once between January to June and once between July and December. They must call the City at least seven days in advance for items to be collected on their regular collection day. Brockville, ON (Pop: 21,870) - Large item pick-up is available weekly on regular garbage collection day for $10 per item. Fort Saskatchewan, AB (Pop: 19,051) Large household item pick-up by Waste Services Inc. for residents only, one week in the spring, April 23-27, Hamilton, ON (Pop: 519,949) Three bulky waste collection periods take place annually, July 18 September 10, 2011; December 5 January 6, 2012 and January 23 March 30, Residents must call the City at least one week before regular waste collection to arrange for bulky goods collection. Four items are permitted per collection with a maximum weight of 23 kg (50 lbs) each. Leduc, AB (Pop: 24,279) Large item pick-up in the spring. Lethbridge, AB (Pop: 83,517) Every Saturday, year-round, residents can dispose of up to 250 kgs of additional household and bulky waste items at the Waste and Recycling Centre for free. Markham, ON (Pop: 301,709) Bulky items (chairs, sofas, mattresses, furniture) are collected on garbage day; an appointment is not required. Appliances and scrap metal items are collected by appointment only. Appliances are $10 per item while scrap collection is free. Montreal, QC (Pop: 1,649,519) Bulky item collection takes place one Friday per month, in each sector of the Borough. A maximum of five bulky items are allowed per collection. Items can also be taken to the borough Ecocentre. Page 7 of 9

307 Appendix H Waste Collection Examples Orangeville, ON (Pop: 27,975) Large items such as mattresses and furniture may be placed at the curb provided that they have a large item sticker on them that has been purchased for $15 form the Town or local retail outlets. Oxford County, ON (Pop: 102,756) Oxford County provides free large article collection for residential and farm properties in September (no tags required). Items must be placed out by 7:00 am on the Monday of collection week and can weigh no more than 45 kg (100 lbs). The County has problems with residents placing unwanted bulky waste at the curb weeks in advance of the scheduled collection, which becomes an eyesore in the neighbourhood. Peterborough, ON (Pop: 78,698) Two large article events per year are scheduled, one in the Spring and one in the Fall. Tags must be purchased in advance from the Public Works Yard or City Hall. The first item is $15 and each additional item is $5. Building materials, automobile parts, televisions and monitors are not accepted at the curb. For safety reasons, all appliance doors must be removed and placed beside the appliance for collection. Freon items must have the Freon removed prior to collection. Port Moody, BC (Pop: 32,975) The city hired a contractor to remove residential large items. This user pay program started September 1, Item Large Item Collection Program Fees Furniture (excluding items with glass mirrors or door) $75 Appliances, including stoves, washing machines and dishwashers (excluding items containing CFCs) Toilets $35 BBQ (propane tank must be removed) $35 Push mowers (oil and gas must be removed) $35 TV s, desktop computers, computer terminals, computer monitors, desktop printers, fax machines, DVD and VCR players Mattress and boxsprings must be dry and relatively clean $40 Fee $50 $35 up to three items For more information Seattle, WA (Pop: 608,660) Residents are required to call Customer Service to request a bulky item collection and to set up a collection schedule. The resident will be charged on their next utility bill for bulky item collections as follows: $25 per item, not containing CFCs and $31 per item for items containing CFCs (such as refrigerators). Spruce Grove, AB (Pop: 26,171) Large item pick-up in June, day after waste collection day. Stony Plain, AB (Pop: 15,051) Large item pick-up in May. Stratford, ON (Pop: 30,886) The City of Stratford currently collects large bulky items on regular garbage collection days as long as they have a special large item tag attached. The tag can be purchased at the City Hall Engineering Department. Large item tags cost $ The city also collects large appliances or white goods on a monthly collection basis. Residents pay $35 for an appliance that contains or may have contained freon and $22 for one that does not contain freon. Strathcona County, AB (Pop: 92,490) Large item collection in April and October. Page 8 of 9

308 Appendix H Waste Collection Examples St. John, NB (Pop: 70,063) If households receive residential waste collection from the City they are eligible for free bulky item collection. Residents call the City and are assigned a collection date. Two pickups per year are allowed per single or multi-unit (2-4 units) complexes. Up to three items are allowed per single unit and up to six for multi-units per pickup. If households receive residential waste collection from the City they are also eligible to drop-off white goods in May and October. Residents call the City to register and find out where the drop-off location. A maximum of five white goods are permitted per residential property each year. Wetaskiwin, AB (Pop: 12,525) Large item collection in May and September/October. Contact Ian Broome Director of Public Works City of Brandon 900 Richmond Avenue East Brandon, MB R7A 7M1 T: (204) l.broome@brandon.ca Page 9 of 9

309 Appendix I: Regulations Differential Tipping Fees Vancouver, British Columbia Population: 603,502 Definition Differential tipping fees are applied to loads of waste containing designated recyclables and compostable materials contaminated loads cost more to dispose. Description Garbage is inspected at the Vancouver Landfill and South Transfer Station for high percentages of prohibited and recyclable materials. Loads that arrive at the disposal sites containing more than 5 per cent (by volume) of recyclable items will incur a 50 percent surcharge. Recyclable items include all blue box items(newsprint; boxboard; cardboard; mixed paper; telephone books; #1, 2, 4, 5 plastic containers, cans, aluminum pie plates and foil) plus drywall of gypsum, yard waste and beverage containers. The 2012 garbage tipping fee is $107/tonne. Loads that contain one or more materials recycled through other disposal or take-back recycling programs are charged an additional $50. Take-back programs include: Lead-acid (car batteries) Electronic waste Paints, solvents and flammable liquids, gasoline, pesticides and other household hazardous waste Vehicle tires Oil, oil filters and empty containers Beverage containers (all except milk cartons) Medications/pharmaceuticals Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results Low, medium to high diversion potential, depending on degree of enforcement, the materials targeted and how far away other disposal options are. Communities with Similar Program Bow Valley Waste Management Commission, AB The Commission, which includes Bighorn, Banff and Canmore, operates the Francis Cooke Regional Class III Landfill and Resource Recovery Centre. In order to increase diversion of recyclable materials, the Commission implemented a differential rate fee for C&D loads received at the main landfill face. Mixed waste loads that contain recyclable materials are charged $190 per tonne, whereas loads containing no recyclables are charged $100. The Resource Recovery Centre at the landfill receives loads of source segregated recyclable materials, such as wood and metals. Rates vary for these types of materials but are typically significantly lower than the landfill disposal rates (i.e., from $14/tonne for metals to $52/tonne for clean drywall/gypsum and asphalt shingles). Recycling rates for unsorted drywall/gypsum and asphalt shingles are considerably higher at $250/tonne. Page 1 of 14

310 Appendix I Regulations This incentivized program is working well and the construction industry has embraced the savings at the landfill scale. The Commission is working towards 80% diversion; in 2011, 74% diversion was achieved. For more information visit Orillia, ON (30,586) The waste diversion site accepts C&D related materials for no charge for scrap metal to $250/tonne for mixed loads (mixed building and demolition materials, 10 or more oil filters, and/or more than 10% recyclable or compostable items that could be separated; mixed building and demolition mterials). Other accepted items include: shingles/flat roofing materials $110/tonne; and asphalt, cardboard, concrete, gypsum drywall and sorted wood (brush, tree wood, stumps, building and demolition wood) $80/T. Regional District of Central Kootenay, BC (60,651) C&D related tipping fees range from $5 for residential garden waste/tree trimmings per pickup truck to $200/tonne for mixed C&D waste. Other accepted items include rubble and scrap metal for $40/tonne while wood waste is $50/tonne. It is also noted that loads containing more than 20% recyclable material (e.g., cardboard, glass, milk jugs and plastics, mixed paper, newspaper, tin and aluminum, and yard and garden waste) will be charged twice the unit price. Regional District of Kootenay Boundary, BC (32,864) The Regional District of Kootenay Boundary (RDKB) has invoked differential tipping fees for a variety of C&D related materials to provide customers an incentive to separate C&D materials. Additionally, in January 2006, the RDKB District implemented a five times penalty for mixed construction and demolition loads containing banned materials to encourage source separation and diversion of recyclable materials. Prior to January, the RDKB charged only two times the penalty. It found the double (two times) penalty did not work well enough as a disincentive to promote diversion. Businesses would rather pay the penalty than source separate. If mixed construction and demolition loads arrive with 10% or more material that is recyclable, the entire load is subject to a tipping fee five times the regular rate. McKelvey Creek Regional Landfill Tipping Fees, Regional District of Kootenay Boundary, BC Material Clean Wood Waste (unpainted wood, branches and woody plant waste) Rubble (gravel, brick, concrete, asphalt and rock or a mixture thereof) Construction/Demolition/Land Clearing Waste Mixed Construction Loads containing banned recyclable material Tar, gravel roofing, asphalt shingles Rate $50/tonne $50/tonne $150/tonne $750/tonne* $50/tonne Mixed Refuse $95 /T Yard or Garden Waste (grass clippings, leaves) $3/load *Loads containing 10% or more of banned recyclables materials (yard and garden waste, glass food containers, tin cans, #1 to #7 plastic containers, paper, cardboard, newspaper, magazines, phone books, office paper) are charged five times the regular tipping fee. Regional District of Nanaimo, B.C (146,567) C&D waste is a $5 flat rate for 0-50 kg; $115/tonne for 51 kg or greater; $340/tonne for loads containing gypsum, recyclable cardboard, paper, metal or tires or wood waste; and $230/tonne for gypsum at Church Road Transfer Station. Gypsum, wood waste, Page 2 of 14

311 Appendix I Regulations recyclable cardboard, paper, metal, plastic containers, tires and organic waste from commercial sources are prohibited from landfill disposal. Simcoe County, ON (446,063) In 2001, Simcoe County introduced differential tipping fees at its landfill sites to encourage source separation and diversion of targeted materials. The differential tipping fees use a three-tier approach to encourage source separation of divertable materials (e.g., brush, metal, wood, cardboard, tires, leaf and yard waste, drywall, shingles, and curbside recyclables including paper, glass, boxboard, steel and aluminum cans, newspaper, cardboard and magazines). The tipping fee for separated shingles, drywall and wood is $75/tonne and $135/tonne for waste loads. Loads containing divertable materials are called mixed waste loads and are penalized with a doubling of the regular tipping fee to $270/tonne. Contact Material Description Simcoe County Differential Tipping Fees Tonnage Rate $/tonne Volume Rate $/unit General waste (without divertable materials) $135/tonne $21/m 3 Mixed waste loads (loads containing divertable materials) $270/tonne $50/m 3 Asphalt shingles, drywall and wood waste $75/tonne $35/m 3 Mattresses and boxsprings $135/tonne $21/m 3 Brush, leaves, yard waste, scrap metal and textiles No charge No charge Blue box recyclables No charge No charge City of Vancouver Engineering Services 507 W Broadway Vancouver, BC V5Z 1E6 T: (604) Page 3 of 14

312 Appendix I Regulations Residential Mandatory Recycling / Organics Collection or Source Separation Seattle, Washington Population: 608,660 Definition Residents are required by bylaw to participate in recycling/composting programs. Description City of Seattle Ordinance # prohibits the disposal, effective January 1, 2005, of significant amounts (more than 10% by volume of container) of certain recyclables from residential, commercial and self-haul garbage. Administrative Rule SPU-DR-01-04, Prohibition of Recyclables in Garbage details how the City ordinance is to be carried out. A copy of this Administrative Rule is located at the end of this section. Recyclable items to be diverted from garbage include: For Residents (single and multi-family) Paper Cardboard Glass bottles and jars Plastic bottles and jars Aluminum and tin cans Yard debris (prohibited from residential garbage since 1989) For Businesses Paper Cardboard Yard debris A three step program took place for implementing the recycling requirements: 1) Outreach and Education in 2004 Seattle Public Utilities conducted an educational outreach program through direct mail to residents and businesses. A new, automated (206) RECYCLE phone number was established to answer basic questions about the recycling requirements for single-family residents, apartment dwellers, businesses and self-haul customers to the City s Recycling and Disposal Stations. 2) Educational Tagging in 2005 Contractors and inspectors placed educational notice tags on garbage cans and dumpsters which contained significant amounts of recyclables. Transfer station customers received educational notices. 3) Enforcement in 2006 Effective January 1, 2006, the City of Seattle began enforcing the mandatory recycling ordinance with consequences. Single-family Residents The City s contractors do not pick up garbage cans that have significant amounts of recyclables. A tag is left on the can instructing customers to separate out the recyclables and place the container out at the curb for collection the following week. A copy of the single-family enforcement tag is located at the end of this section. Apartment Owners or Property Managers City inspectors mail to the garbage account holder up to two warning notices before a $50 surcharge is added to the apartment building s garbage bill. A copy of the apartment owners/business owners/property managers enforcement tag is found at the end of this section. Business Owners or Property Managers City inspectors mail to the garbage account holder up to two warning notices before a $50 fine is imposed. Recycling and Disposal Station Customers Self-haul customers are asked to separate out recyclable paper and cardboard as well as yard debris from their loads and not to dispose of such material in the garbage pit. Page 4 of 14

313 Appendix I Regulations Recycling and yard waste collection programs exist to assist residents and businesses with meeting the requirements of this ordinance: All single-family households have a free, curbside recycling service. Apartments are also eligible for the City s free recycling service. Pickup of yard trimmings at the curb is available to all City residents who chose to subscribe and backyard composting has long been promoted as another alternative. The City s Recycling and Disposal Stations accept recyclables for free and yard trimmings for a fee less than garbage. Interested business can sign up to receive the City s free, biweekly curbside recycling service. Businesses can contact the Resource Venture to obtain information on other private commercial recycling services where the pickup service is more frequent and revenue might be received for large quantities of recyclables as office paper. Private commercial recycling pickup services are also available for yard trimmings. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results High reduction potential. Two months after Seattle began enforcing the mandatory recycling ordinance, garbage haulers and city inspectors found few violations of the law that some feared would be difficult to enforce and follow. When enforcement first started out, more than 90 percent of apartment and businesses complied with the new ordinance. In January 2006, 71 apartment tags were handed out and 44 in February. Commercial business tags went from 10 in January to two in February, and 227 household garbage cans were left behind in January and 133 in February. Seattle collects 150,000 household garbage cans a week (Langston, 2006). Communities with Similar Program Arlington County, VA (Pop: 207,627) Through Ordinance 93-22, property managers or owners of multi-family properties are required by County Code to: Establish and maintain a recycling program for residents to recycle newspapers, glass bottles and jars, and metal food and beverage containers. The recycling collection system must be separate from garbage collection. Properties are encouraged to include additional recyclable materials such as plastic bottles and jugs, magazines, mixed paper and corrugated cardboard. File a Multi-family Recycling Plan Form upon receiving a Certificate of Occupancy (within 30 days). Submit an updated Multi-family Recycling Plan Form by February 1st of every third year. Note: Next Filing of Updated Plans is by February 1, Disseminate educational materials periodically to inform residents, employees and any business tenants about the program. A recycling toolkit is available to assist with the mandatory recycling at Single-family dwelling also abide by mandatory recycling of newspaper, glass bottles and jars and metal food and beverage cans. Brant County, ON (Pop: 34,415) Yard waste and grass clippings are not accepted at the curb. The County encourages residents to recycle and compost yard waste. Cheltenham Township, PA (Pop: 36,793) Mandatory recycling guidelines apply to all Cheltenham residents who have trash collection. Recyclables collected include: cans, cardboard, glass, paper and plastics. Households that participate in the Township s recycling program are offered free 6-gallon and 14-gallon recycling containers. Page 5 of 14

314 Appendix I Regulations Edson, AB (Pop: 8,475) Through the Waste Management Bylaw No (Town of Edson, 1998) cardboard and similar crating materials, newsprints, paper products, lawn clippings, garden waste and other recyclable products accepted the Recycling Depot are excluded from waste collection. If these materials are found in the garbage they will be left behind with a green sticker that states that these materials should be taken to the Recycling Depot. Only wet waste materials (e.g., kitchen and bathroom waste) are accepted for curbside collection or at the landfill. A two bag/container limit is also in place, additional garbage will be collected when $2.00 tags are purchased. Griffin, GA (Pop: 23,643) Griffin has had a mandatory residential curbside recycling program that collects glass, plastic, newspaper, paper and cardboard, magazines, telephone books, metal cans and aluminum cans since March This is the only mandatory curbside program in Georgia. Chapter 74 (Solid Waste), Sec (Residential Recycling Program) of the Code of Griffin states It shall be the responsibility of all residential solid waste customers of the city to dispose of recyclable materials in an approved recycling container. No item that that has been classified as recyclable material shall be disposed in a customer's solid waste container. All recyclable materials may be commingled (mixed) in the same recycling container. Nothing herein shall be construed to limit the right of any individual, organization or other entity to donate any recyclable material for proper disposal, if such disposal does not violate any laws or this article (City of Griffin, 2009a). Kamloops, BC (Pop: 85,678) In March 2008, the City expanded its Residential Curbside Recycling Pilot Program to a mandatory city-wide curbside recycling program. The pilot program demonstrated that customers receiving curbside recycling services reduced the volume of garbage they place at the curb by 25% to 50%. Under the curbside recycling program, residents are provided with 245 L carts and are charged an annual fee of $125. The City received a grant from the provincial government to purchase recycling trucks and containers which kept the costs low (without the grant the recycling fee would have doubled). Orillia, ON (Pop: 30,586) Recycling is mandatory for the 130 apartment complexes with six or more dwelling units. Peel Region, ON (Pop: 1,296,814) Mandatory residential recycling. San Francisco, CA (Pop: 805,235) On June 23, 2009 the City of San Francisco signed the first law in the United States that requires all residents and businesses separate their recycling and compost material from garbage. For a copy of the Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance visit South Berwick, ME (Pop: 7,220) Mandatory residential recycling. South Kingstown, RI (Pop: 30,639) The Town has a licensing program that requires all private haulers to be licensed by the Town and a condition of that license is that haulers are required to collect curbside residential recyclables. Haulers that do not meet this condition are not allowed to collect waste in the Town. Wallingford, CT (Pop: 44,736) Residents are mandated to recycle glass, metal food and beverage containers, plastics (#1-2), newspaper, magazines, catalogs, junk mail, and corrugated cardboard through curbside collection or dropping off at the recycling center. They are also mandated to recycle lead-acid batteries, leaves/brush, scrap metals and major appliances, used motor oil and white office paper. Contact Seattle Public Utilities Seattle Municipal Tower 700, 5 th Avenue, Suite 4900 Seattle, WA USA T: (206) Page 6 of 14

315 Appendix I Regulations ICI Mandatory Recycling / Organics Collection or Source Separation Sacramento County, California Population: 1,418,788 Definition Businesses must participate in recycling and organics programs/or must divert designated materials through a recycling program. Description California State law requires communities achieve 50% diversion. The Business Recycling Ordinance requires that businesses in the Region generating more than 4 cubic yards of garbage per week must participate in waste diversion and provide on-site source separated recycling of designated recyclables such as cardboard, office paper and beverage containers. Implementation of the plan began in January Reason for the Ordinance - For ten years, franchised commercial waste haulers have been required to recycle 30 percent of what they collect. The current commercial recycling rate is estimated to be only 15 to 20 percent. Almost all homes now have a recycling program available, but only one in five businesses have a recycling program available. We need much more recycling from the business community. For these reasons, SWA has adopted a new Business Recycling Ordinance. The new Business Recycling Ordinance is being implemented in the following phases, with early emphasis on education. Phase 1: Phase 2: Phase 3: Inventory of commercial waste generators. Ongoing education and outreach about the ordinance and service options. Site inspections with education as the primary objective. The County s environmental department will conduct site inspections to educate the business community about what is required to comply with the program and to provide information about the options available to establish recycling programs. Administration of this ordinance will be funded through the existing commercial hauler franchise fees. All food or Beverage Service Establishments (e.g., restaurants, delicatessens, bars, caterers, cafeterias, etc.) must recycle: Aluminum and steel container Empty steel & aerosol cans All colors of empty glass food and beverage containers All empty plastic food and beverage containers #1 #7, including water bottles All cardboard and boxes Food service establishments must provide clearly labeled recycling containers where customers can place recyclable items listed above. Page 7 of 14

316 Appendix I Regulations All other Businesses must recycle: All clean and dry paper, whole or shredded, including: Newspaper Cardboard Magazines Catalogs Phone books Computer paper Junk mail All clean and empty plastic food and beverage containers # 1 7, including water bottles. Empty aluminum cans and scrap metal Wood Pallets In any business where customers or clients regularly discard designated recyclables, you must provide a way for them to recycle. Businesses must post notices and place labeled recycling containers near garbage bins in customer areas, same as for your employees. Responsibilities: Businesses are required to keep items such as cardboard, office paper and beverage containers separate from the garbage. Businesses must post signs and place recycling containers in work areas. Businesses need to have separate and labeled collection containers for recyclables. Simple employee training about the recycling program must be provided. Businesses must arrange for collection of their recyclables by using a Franchised Hauler, an Authorized Recycler or by hauling the recyclables themselves to a recycling facility. Businesses must ensure that the material is being taken to a recycling facility for processing. Reduction Potential and Quantitative Results High reduction potential depending on targeted materials. Communities with Similar Program Arlington County, VA (Pop: 207,627) Every business and non-residential property is required by County Code to: Establish and maintain a recycling program to recycle the two materials it generates annually in the greatest quantities. The recycling collection system must be separate from trash/ refuse collection. File a Business Recycling Plan Form upon receiving a Certificate of Occupancy (within 30 days). Submit an updated Business Recycling Plan Form by February 1st of every third year. Disseminate educational materials to inform employees and business tenants about the program. A recycling toolkit is available to assist with the mandatory recycling at Page 8 of 14

317 Appendix I Regulations County of Santa Barbara, CA (Pop: 423,895) Effective September 1, 2003 the County implemented a mandatory recycling program for businesses in the unincorporated areas of Santa Barbara County. Under this program, materials currently accepted in the single family residential recycling program (excluding green waste) were prohibited from being disposed in the garbage. Blowing Rock, NC (Pop: 1,425) Businesses must participate in Town recycling program that collects cardboard and glass from small businesses. Large businesses must use a private collection service for cardboard and glass. Griffin, GA (Pop: 23,643) Griffin invoked mandatory commercial recycling of old corrugated cardboard containers in March Chapter 74 (Solid Waste), Sec (Commercial Recycling, Policies and Reporting Requirements) states that: All commercial waste generators within the city shall be required to recycle old corrugated cardboard containers (OCC). OCC shall not be disposed of in the generator's solid waste container. OCC shall be separated and properly recycled. Commercial generators may provide their own bailers or containers to store and collect OCC. Arrangements for storage, collection and recycling of OCC shall be made with the city's solid waste department and must be approved by the director (City of Griffin, 2009b). Minneapolis, MN (Pop: 382,578) - Effective September 1, 2011, Minneapolis businesses, workplaces and places of worship are required to recycle after a new ordinance took effect. Ordinance requires: Regular recycling collection (at least twice a month) for all recyclables generated on-site including paper, cardboard, metal cans, plastic bottles, and glass bottles and jars Recycling containers Recycling collection and storage areas Written recycling information and instructions sent to tenants and/or employees annually or posted A written recycling plan Offenders who fail to follow the ordinance will receive a written warning notifying them that they have 10 days to comply, with further violations leading to fines. A copy of the Ordinance is located at business+recycling Ontario (Pop: 12,851,821) Even though they have not been enforced, the 3Rs Regulations are still on the books in Ontario. Ontario Regulation 103/94 focuses on the requirement for the establishment of source separation programs for designated waste materials from the ICI sector, including construction and demolition and multi-unit residential buildings. A copy of Ontario Regulation 103/94 is located at Owen Sound, ON (Pop: 21,688) Following Ontario Regulation 103/94, Bylaw No Regulates the Collection, Handling and Recycling of Waste and Recyclable Materials in Certain Premises on the City of Owen Sound ( This is essentially a by-law for mandatory recycling in the commercial/industrial sector. Page 9 of 14

318 Appendix I Regulations Rancho Cordova, CA (Pop: 64,776) On October 20, 2008, the Business and Multi-Family Recycling Ordinance (No ) was passed. This Ordinance requires owners and/or business operators and multi-family complex (with five or more units) that subscribe to four cubic yards per week or more of garbage collection service to implement an on-site recycling program for mixed paper, newspaper, magazines, junk mail, cardboard, plastic containers (#1 #7), glass containers and aluminum and tin cans. San Francisco, CA (Pop: 805,235) On June 23, 2009 the City of San Francisco signed the first law in the United States that requires all businesses and residents separate their recycling and compost material from garbage. For a copy of the Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance visit St. John s, NL (Pop: 106,172) All ICI businesses with 25 or more employees must participate in a mandatory office paper recycling program that started September All remaining businesses need to comply with the regulation starting March The program applies to all IC&I enterprises in St. John s and three other adjacent municipalities set up recycling programs and source separate office paper including white and colour paper, newspaper, business cards, envelopes, post it notes and file folders. Wallingford, CT (Pop: 44,859) Businesses are mandated to recycle the following materials: Glass food and beverage containers Newspaper, junk mail, magazines and catalogs White office paper Scrap metal Lead acid batteries Leaves Metal food and beverage containers Corrugated cardboard Plastics #1 and #2 Waste oil (used case oil) NiCad Rechargeable Batteries Contact Sacramento County Environmental Management Department 2 nd Floor, Suite 230/240 Sacramento, CA USA T: (916) EMDinfo@Saccounty.net Page 10 of 14

319 Appendix I Regulations Disposal Bans Nova Scotia Population: 921,727 Definition Certain materials prohibited from waste stream may be enforced at curb or landfill. Description Nova Scotia has an extensive list of recyclable/divertable materials that are banned from landfill and incineration disposal province wide including: Designated Material Ban Implementation Date Beverage containers April 1, 1996 Corrugated cardboard April 1, 1996 Newsprint April 1, 1996 Used tires April 1, 1996 Lead-acid (automotive) batteries April 1, 1996 Leaf and yard waste June 1, 1996 Post-consumer paint products, formerly known as waste paint April 1, 1997 Ethylene glycol (automotive antifreeze) April 1, 1997 Compostable organic material (food waste, yard waste, soiled and nonrecyclable paper) June 1, 1997 Steel/tin food containers April 1, 1998 Glass food containers April 1, 1998 Low-density polyethylene bags and packaging April 1, 1998 High-density polyethylene bags and packaging April 1, 1998 Televisions February 1, 2008 Desktop, laptop and notebook computers, including CPU s, keyboards, mice, cables and other components in the computer February 1, 2008 Computer monitors February 1, 2008 Computer printers, including printers that have scanning or fax capabilities or both February 1, 2008 Computer scanners February 1, 2009 Audio and video playback and recording systems February 1, 2009 Telephones and fax machines February 1, 2009 Cell phones and other wireless devices February 1, 2009 Disposal bans stimulate stewardship programs (e.g., beverage containers, used tires, paint) and recycling/organic diversion programs (e.g., residential curbside recycling and organic collection) in Nova Scotia. Reduction Potential High reduction potential. Page 11 of 14

320 Appendix I Regulations Communities with Similar Program and Population Capital Regional District, BC (Pop: 359,991) The following residential related materials are strictly prohibited from disposal at the Hartland Landfill: corrugated cardboard, directories, mixed paper, newspaper, yard and garden waste. All of these items are accepted at the Heartland recycling facility for a $6 entrance fee for residents and $26 fee for commercial haulers. The Blue Box (blue bag newspapers and mixed paper products; blue box plastic containers, glass bottles and jars, aluminum and tin cans) recyclables collection program, in place since 1989, has assisted residents with diverting over 19,000 tonnes of material from the landfill. Yard waste depots and leaf and branch collection programs along with backyard composting education are used to assist with yard waste diversion. Edson, AB (Pop: 8,475) Edson does not have an outright landfill material ban, however through the Waste Management Bylaw No (Town of Edson, 1998) cardboard and similar crating materials, newsprints, paper products, lawn clippings, garden waste and other recyclable products accepted the Recycling Depot are excluded from waste collection. If these materials are found in the garbage they will be left behind with a green sticker that states that these materials should be taken to the Recycling Depot. Only wet waste materials (e.g., kitchen and bathroom waste) are accepted for curbside collection or at the landfill. A two bag/container limit is also in place, additional garbage will be collected when $2.00 tags are purchased. Metro Vancouver, BC (Pop: 2,313,328) Mandatory composting is part of Metro Vancouver s Zero Waste Challenge Strategy. It s anticipated that kitchen scraps from single-family homes will be banned from going to the landfill by the end of 2012 when all municipalities have single-family organics collection in place. By 2015 the ban will include multi-family homes and businesses. For more information visit Pincher Creek, AB (Pop: 3,685) On November 1, 2008 the Town of Pincher Creek banned cardboard from municipal solid waste collection in the industrial and commercial sectors. On April 1, 2009, the Town no longer collected cardboard from residential customers. After invoking the cardboards bans, a significant increase in cardboard was delivered to the recycling center (from Nov 1 to April 1 there was a 62% increase), requiring the purchase of a horizontal baler. Seattle, WA (Pop: 608,660) Ordinance #12372, prohibits the disposal of certain recyclables from residential, commercial and self-haul garbage. Administrative Rule SPU-DR-01-04, Prohibition of Recyclables from Garbage details how the City ordinance is to be carried out. Residents (single and multi-family) are prohibited from disposing significant amounts of paper, cardboard, glass and plastic bottles and jars as well as aluminum and tin cans in their garbage as of January 1, Yard debris has been prohibited from residential garbage since 1989, with the exception of contaminated and food soiled paper. Commercial businesses are prohibited from disposing of significant amounts of paper, cardboard and yard debris in garbage as of January 1, Exceptions include: Commercial or multifamily customers without adequate space for recycling as determined by Seattle Public Utilities inspection Garbage dumpsters that receive waste form the public Contaminated and soiled paper Self-haul customers at the City s Recycling and Disposal Station are prohibited from disposing of significant amounts of recyclable paper, cardboard and yard debris in the garbage pit. Significant amounts of recyclables is defined as more than 10% by volume of container, dumpster or self-haul vehicle s load based on visual inspection by an Seattle Public Utilities inspector, contractor or transfer station worker. Toronto, ON (Pop: 2,615,060) The Toronto Municipal Code Waste Collection, Residential Properties, Chapter 844-8, states that grass clippings and sod will not be collected by the City and that the owners Page 12 of 14

321 Appendix I Regulations are not allowed to set out prohibited waste for collection by the City, either on its own or mixed with any waste with respect to which the City provides services. Additionally, construction, renovation and demolition waste including but not limited to soil, plaster, drywall, masonry and tile, bricks, concrete, cinder blocks, paving stones, asphalt, wood, windows and window glass, shingles, scrap metal, insulation (such as fiberglass or Styrofoam), scrap wood or carpeting (unless cut, broken or securely tied into bundles or pieces less than 120 cm x 80 cm x 80 cm and free of all nails and staples), asbestos and urea formaldehyde are not allowed to be set out for City collection. The above materials are considered prohibitive waste. Contact Nova Scotia Environment PO Box Terminal Road Halifax, NS B3J 2P8 T: (902) F: (902) Page 13 of 14

322 Appendix I Regulations References City of Griffin, 2009a. Code of Griffin. Chapter 74 (Solid Waste), Sec (Residential Recycling Program). January 27, City of Griffin, 2009b. Code of Griffin. Chapter 74 (Solid Waste), Sec (Commercial Recycling, Policies and Reporting Requirements) January 27, Langston, J., Mandatory Recycling Program Working Well. Seattlepi.co March 15, Town of Edson, Waste Management Bylaw No pgs. ent Page 14 of 14

323 Appendix J: Comparison of Alberta Municipal Residential Diversion Programs Location Red Deer, AB Semi- Automated or Automated Waste Collection Recycling 1 Organics Manual PAYT/ Bag Limit Other Alberta Municipalities/Municipal Districts ü Large Item Collection Curbside ü Blue box Dropoff Yard Waste Curbside Yard Waste Drop-off Airdrie, AB ü ü ü ü ü Yard/ Food Waste Curbside Banff, AB ü ü ü ü Black Diamond, AB ü ü ü Brooks, AB ü ü ü Calgary, AB ü ü ü ü Cochrane, AB Didsbury, AB ü Biweekly ü ü ü ü ü ü Biweekly Yard/ Food Waste Drop-off Residential Fees for Waste Collection and Diversion Programs $11.70/month for waste and yard waste collection $5.65/month recycling fee $19.66 bimonthly for waste collection $10.20 bimonthly environmental services fee Extra bag tags are $2.00 each Residential waste collection and diversion programs are funded through property taxes; anticipate utility based fees in 2011 $15.50 bimonthly for waste collection $8.35 bimonthly recycling fee $10.26/month for waste collection; seniors $7.07/month $3.14/month for recycling and composting programs $4.20/month for waste collection. $8.40/month for recycling fee. $10.58/month for garbage collection $5.57/month for recycling and yard waste fee Extra bag tags are $3 each $19.83/month for waste and organics collection, and Recycling Centre Page 1 of 3

324 Appendix J Comparison of Alberta Municipal Residential Diversion Programs Location Edmonton, AB High River, AB Lethbridge, AB MD Foothills, AB Medicine Hat, AB Nanton, AB Okotoks, AB Olds, AB Semi- Automated or Automated Waste Collection Recycling 1 Organics Manual ü PAYT/ Bag Limit Large Item Collection ü Curbside ü Blue bag Dropoff ü Yard Waste Curbside Yard Waste Drop-off ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü Biweekly ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü Blue box, Optional ü Yard/ Food Waste Curbside Yard/ Food Waste Drop-off No dedicated yard/food waste drop-off or curbside collection program; yard/food waste is collected with garbage and separated out at the Edmonton Waste Management Centre Composting Facility ü Optional ü ü ü ü ü Biweekly Residential Fees for Waste Collection and Diversion Programs $29.95/month waste services fee (waste collection, recycling and other diversion programs $9/month manual and 240 L cart automated waste collection $12.50/month for 360 L cart automated collection $2.10/month recycling fee $11.60/month for 65 gallon cart and $13.35/month for 95 gallon cart; additional carts $8.50/month $3.40/month recycling fee $3.50/month landfill fee Blackie and Cayley residents pay $18 bimonthly for garbage collection $14.68/month for waste collection $3.11/month for recycling programs $15 bimonthly for waste collection $1 bimonthly recycling fee Extra bag tags are $2 $18.17 bimonthly for waste collection $7.37 bimonthly for Recycling Centre fee $18 bimonthly for optional recycling curbside collection $3/kraft bag for optional yard waste curbside collection $18.87/month for waste and organics collection. $18.87/month for extra waste cart $6/month for extra organics cart Page 2 of 3

325 Appendix J Comparison of Alberta Municipal Residential Diversion Programs Location Pincher Creek, AB Rocky View County, AB Spruce Grove, AB St. Albert, AB Stony Plain, AB Strathcona County, AB Turner Valley, AB Semi- Automated or Automated Waste Collection Recycling 1 Organics Manual PAYT/ Bag Limit Large Item Collection Curbside Dropoff Yard Waste Curbside Yard Waste Drop-off ü ü ü ü ü ü Biweekly ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü Blue bag ü Blue bag ü Blue bag ü Blue bag Yard/ Food Waste Curbside Yard/ Food Waste Drop-off ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü Biweekly Residential Fees for Waste Collection and Diversion Programs $36.69 bimonthly for waste collection $7.16 bimonthly for recycling fee $10/month for Langdon waste collection Waste diversion programs paid though property taxes $52 bimonthly for waste, blue bag, Organicart $4 waste collection charge - 1 bag every 2 weeks - $ bag/week - $ bags/i can/1 small toter/week $8.80 Extra bag tags are $2.15 $5.50/month recycling and composting fee $22.53/month for waste, recycling and organics collection $21.95/month for waste, recycling and organics collection. Extra waste and organics carts are $7/cart/hhld/month. $16.00 bimonthly for waste collection $7.50 bimonthly for recycling 1 Typical residential recyclables (e.g., paper, cardboard, newspaper, tin cans, glass jars, milk cartons, plastic) PAYT Pay-as-you-throw Page 3 of 3

326 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Alberta Municipalities Over 50,000 Population Calgary, AB Pop: 1,096,833 Calgary Shepard, Spyhill and East Calgary Landfills Basic sanitary waste - $98/t Industrial waste - $140/t Surcharge for industrial waste that has low weight, large volume - $250/t Construction and demolition waste (asphalt shingles, wood, drywall) - $65/t Designated materials (concrete, brick and masonry block, asphalt. scrap metal and cardboard that is empty and free of other garbage) - $140/t Clean fill - $0-$5/t Fridges and freezers - $15/item Waste Collection Residential Weekly automated black cart (240L) collection Commercial Collection of bins from 2 to 40 yds, Monday through Saturday by City staff Collection frequency determined by business Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Weekly automated blue cart (240 L) comingled collection on the same day as garbage collection Materials accepted include paper and cardboard, plastic jugs, bottles and food containers, metal food cans and foil, and glass bottles and jars 52 drop-off depots accept the above recyclables In 2010, 58,073 t was diverted by the blue cart program while 10,813 t was diverted by the drop-off depot program Commercial Weekly mixed paper/cardboard collection is currently under review; business must have existing garbage collection with the City of Calgary to take part in this program; in 2010 this program diverted 888 t of cardboard and mixed paper Other Televisions, laptops, desk computers, printers and computer monitors can be dropoff at electronic recycling depots (Best Buy, Future Shop, Staples, Recycle-Logic, ecycle Solutions) Year round household chemical drop-off at five City fire stations and the Shepard, Spyhill and East Calgary landfills Tires accepted at all landfills free of charge Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste 34 seasonal (Oct-mid- Nov typically) drop-off locations for leaves and pumpkins; in 2011, 2,255 t of leaves and pumpkins were diverted East Calgary landfill accepts leaves from residents year round City composts materials to enrich green space soils Food and yard waste (green cart) diversion pilot starts March 2012; with Council approval a city-wide program could be implemented between Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Grasscycling promoted on website Christmas tree curbside collection takes in January; six drop-off locations are available to residents from late December to mid- January; mulch is used in Calgary green spaces and is free to residents; the program collected 37,500 trees Annual subsidized one day backyard composter truckload sale in June; can also purchase composter at CITYonline and from Green Calgary throughout the year Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion Residents pay $4.35 for garbage collection and $8.75 for recycling collection per month on a utility bill Contact Lindsay Lofthouse Waste Diversion Specialist City of Calgary T: (403) Page 1 of 14

327 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Edmonton, AB Pop: 812,201 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Clover Bar Landfill closed the summer of 2009 In August 2009 the Integrated Processing and Transfer Facility started accepting waste at the Edmonton Waste Management Centre Currently residential waste is being hauled to the Westend Landfill or Ryley Landfill for disposal Edmonton Waste Management Centre Disposal Rates Household-hauled refuse - $58/t Commercial-hauled refuse - $75/t Refuse hauled by charitable organization - $25/t Bagged grass and leaves (segregated) - $35/t Special handling - $100/t Tires (not managed under provincial program) - $100/t Clean soil (residential only, 1 t maximum) 25/t Brush and trees (chipped or nonchipped with no/minimal root soil) - $0/t Mixed loads of construction and demolition - $60/t Dimensional lumber (unpainted and untreated, pallets, plywood etc) and segregated drywall and asphalt shingles - $40/t Waste Collection Residential Manual collection in bags, approved cans or bundles; 20kg/44 lbs maximum Weekly collection from March to October and every days from November to February City promotes buddy up approach where by one big garbage pile exists rather than two piles City offers assisted waste collection for customers who cannot get garbage to the curb or lane Big Bin Events allow residents to dispose of household items too large for regular collection at no cost; 12 weekend long events each year from Spring to Fall at various locations throughout the city Eco Stations accept bulky items for a fee ($8-$12), also take CFC appliances ($12 each) Commercial Business collection offered; all waste goes in one bin and is processed at the Integrated Processing and Transfer Facility which results in 45% of commercial waste being diverted from landfill Multi-family The city administers collection of apartment and condominium waste by City crews and private contractors Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Weekly comingled blue bag (singlefamily homes, duplexes, fourplexes and some townhouses) and blue bin (apartments, condos and town houses) programs collect newsprint, mixed paper, milk jugs, plastic bottles, magazines, boxboard, cardboard, glass jars and bottles, and metal cans on the same day as garbage collection; in 2010, 44,096 t was diverted by blue bag and blue bin programs City promotes buddy up approach where by one big pile exists rather than two piles City offers assisted curbside collection for customers who cannot get recycling to the curb or lane 22 community drop-off recycling depots (including 3 Eco Stations) for all city residents that accepts the same materials as the blue bag and bin programs; in 2010, 7,492 t was diverted Commercial Comingled paper, cardboard, plastic, metal and glass container recycling available to businesses; materials are separated and processed at the City s Material Recovery Facility Other Televisions, computers and other electronic items containing hazardous materials like lead, mercury and cadmium are accepted at the Edmonton Waste Management Centre and Eco Stations GEEP e-waste recycling facility processes materials at the Edmonton Waste Management Centre; in 2010, 4,400 t of electronic and electrical waste was delivered by residents to Eco Stations and the Edmonton Waste Management Centre was processed. Election sign recycling at Eco Stations HHW (e.g., paint, oven cleaner, car batteries) accepted at Eco Stations Mixed construction and demolition recycling site at the Edmonton Waste Management Centre and Eco Stations (max. 1t); accepts mixed C&D waste - $60/t, and segregated wood, drywall and asphalt shingles for $40/t while concrete, metal and brush/trees are free; in 2010, close to 53,000 t of separated C&D material was recycled Reuse Centre accepts various items (e.g., arts and crafts, and office and school supplies) from Edmonton residents free of charge and makes them available to organizations and individuals for reuse Reuse Fairs are one day community events where the public brings unwanted household items to be donated to organizations Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste No dedicated yard waste drop-off or curbside collection program Yard waste is collected with garbage and separated out at the Edmonton Waste Management Centre Composting Facility (owned by the City of Edmonton and operated by Earth Tech. Inc.) City of Edmonton Second Nature Horticulture Compost is available to be purchased through out Edmonton; $6 for 30 L bag Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Grasscycling, vermicomposting and backyard composting promoted on website Master Composter Recycler Program training course offer once a year Curbside collection of Christmas trees, not necessarily on the same day as garbage collection, starts early January for two weeks; also offer drop-off at to community drop-off locations or Eco Stations; trees are chipped and used for landscaping at the Edmonton Waste Management Centre and as compost feedstock; in 2012, approximately 13,546 trees weighing 167 t were recycled Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion Single family household waste services fee is $33.20/month while multi-family units are charged $21.58/month on the utility bill; this fee supports waste collection, blue bag and bin collection, Eco Stations, assisted collection, recycling depots, Reuse Centre, Big Bin Events, and Edmonton Waste Management Centre Operations Contact Connie Boyce Director of Community Relations City of Edmonton T: (780) Waste Hotline: T: (780) wasteman@edmon ton.ca Page 2 of 14

328 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Grande Prairie, AB Pop: 55,032 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Grande Prairie Class II Landfill (owned and operated by Aquatera) MSW - $89/t (landfill) or $120/t (transfer station) Source separated material (clean dimensional lumber, drywall, clean concrete without rebar) - $89/t Special handling (large concrete or wooden objects, loads containing grass clippings, yard leaves or cardboard and other materials deemed too difficult to handle - $178/t Waste Collection Residential Weekly automated black cart (240 L) collection No large item collection; take to landfill Commercial Businesses use private hauler for collection Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Weekly blue bag collection of newsprint/heavy paper, mixed paper, boxboard/cardboard and containers; large cardboard to be folded and placed beneath blue bag Source-separated recyclables accepted at Eco Centre and nine neighbourhood recycling depots Multifamily Beginning April 1, 2012 condo and apartment recycling program; phased in by July 1 st ; same comingled program as residential Residents collect in blue bags deposit in 95-gallon totes Commercial Allowed to use the Eco Centre and neighbourhood recycling depots Drop-off cardboard diversion program in blue bins around city Businesses can also use private service Other Eco Centre accepts e-waste, fluorescent light bulbs, HHW, paint, Styrofoam and used oil filters and blue bag recyclables Sorted dry wall accepted at landfill Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Residential Seasonal (April November) weekly clear bag yard waste collection; accepts leaves, grass, plants, weeds, pumpkins and flowers; 20 kg max per bag; tree prunings accepted in bundles with 1 m length max and 0.5 m height/width max Commercial Can drop-off yard waste at landfill for composting Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Curbside collection of Christmas trees in January; max two per house; can also take to Aquatera Landfill for no charge Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion Residents pay $17.23/month for collection and disposal of solid waste and $4.39/month for curbside recyclables collection and for solid waste reduction services ICI customers are charged a $12.88/month cardboard recycling fee on their utility bill; businesses renting a cardboard recycling bin or otherwise providing cardboard recycling can apply for an exemption Contact Amy Horne Recycling Manager Aquatera Utilities Inc. T: (780) ahorne@aquatera. ca Page 3 of 14

329 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Lethbridge, AB Pop: 83,517 Medicine Hat, AB Pop: 60,005 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Waste and Recycling Centre MSW - $55/t Asphalt pavement - $27.25/t Concrete & rebar - $27.25/t C&D - $55/t Recyclables (metal, non-freon white goods, propane tanks, batteries, tires, green wood and clean white wood) - $27.25/t Special waste - $68.50 Freon appliances $35/unit Medicine Hat Regional Landfill MSW - $32.65/t C&D $32.65/t Metal - $32.65/t Yard waste (debagged/paper yard waste bags) - $0/t Yard waste (bagged contaminated) - $32.65/t Freon appliances (with sticker) - $32.65/t Waste Collection Residential Weekly Town automated collection of 240L/64 gal (three bag) and 360L/95 gal (five bag) carts Residents can schedule large item service twice a year; 250 kg maximum comprised of up to 10 standard garbage bags or five large items weight Every Saturday yearround residents can dispose of 250 kgs off additional household and bulky waste at the Waste and Recycling Centre for free Commercial Wide range of bin sizes (large waste collection carts to 6 yd 3 ) and service frequency from twice a month to five times a week Residential Weekly automated garbage cart 360 L (95 gal) collection, bagged garbage requested in carts Commercial City bin collection service offered for 1.5 yd 3 or 3 yd 3 bins with a collection frequency of once per week to five days per week from ICI customers and residential multidwelling and apartment facilities Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Seven unmanned drop-off depots collect cardboard, clear glass, metal cans, mixed paper, plastic containers and plastic bags; approximately 3,000 t of residential recyclables are collected at the depots Commercial Businesses use private service Four unmanned drop-off depots collect clear glass, metal/tin, newsprint, paper products and plastic containers Other E-waste, tires, household hazardous waste, paint, car batteries, propane bottles, metal, lawn equipment, used oil and cooking oil, recyclables accepted at the drop-off depots (cardboard, paper, glass, metal, plastics) and wood (free of paint and stain) are accepted at the Waste and Recycling Centre Medicine Hat Municipal Landfill accepts e-waste, tires (less than four), used oil, batteries (rechargeable), paint, appliances and household hazardous waste Local home improvement stores such as Home Depot, Totem, Rona as well as Walmart and London Drugs retail locations accept compact fluorescent light bulbs as part of their recycling programs Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Leaf paper bag collection in Oct and Nov, 25 kg max/bag; in 2009, 125 t was diverted One seasonal (April- November) yard waste dropoff location; collect leaves, grass, garden waste and branches (up to 8 in diameter); in 2009, 750 t was diverted Yard waste is composted by the City and used by Parks/ Pathways/Trails Department Spring Chipping Program (Apr) when residents place branches (up to 10 in diameter) by garbage and dedicated chipping trucks will collect and chip branches; free chips from this program are available to residents for gardening Grass, leaves, sod, branches and tree trimmings are accepted at the Waste and Recycling Centre Seasonal (Apr-Nov) automated carts (360 L) collection of grass clippings, leaves, prunings, plant trimmings, cut flowers, weeds and branch bundles (3 ft in length or less); collected same day as waste Sell CCME Category A SureGrow compost produced at the City of Medicine Hat Composting Facility (landfill); $5/20 kg bag Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Grasscycling education on website Curbside Christmas tree recycling program takes place one Saturday in January; residents place tree by garbage for collection; trees are chipped into mulch that is available to the public at no charge Earth Machine backyard composter sold throughout the year Grasscycling and backyard composting education brochures on website Christmas tree recycling program usually runs from late-dec to the end of Jan at three drop-off locations; trees are chipped and used in SureGrow compost Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion Residential garbage fees are $11.85/month for 65 gallon (three bag) cart and $13.60/month for 95 gallon (five bag) cart; additional carts are $8.75/month Residents are charged a $3.60/month recycling fee to offset program costs, a $3.50/month landfill fee and a $2.20/month waste program fee Residents garbage fees are $15.80/month for one cart Commercial centralized pick-up is $13.26/unit Commercial automated pick-up is $47.86/month for 1 ½ yd 3 bin with one pick-up /week and $95.73/month for a 3 yd 3 bin with one pick-up/week; minimum monthly charge is $23.95 Waste diversion fee is $3.50/month for all residential and commercial accounts to offset program costs Contact Dave Schaaf Waste and Recycling Manager City of Lethbridge T: (403) dschaff@lethbridge.ca Heather Gowland Waste and Recycling Coordinator City of Lethbridge T: (403) Ed Jollymore Solid Waste Utilities Manager City of Medicine Hat T: (403) edwjol@medicineh at.ca Page 4 of 14

330 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Red Deer, AB Pop: 90,564 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Red Deer Waste Management Facility Solid waste including yard waste - $62/t Demolition, concrete, asphalt and tree rubble - $62/t Special waste - $82/t Asbestos - $82/t Waste Collection Residential Weekly contracted manual collection; max 25kg/bag or can; five unit garbage limit; must purchase $1 tags for extra bags/cans Commercial Businesses with waste bins 6 yds or less must be collected by the City s waste collection provider (stated in bylaw that creates franchises) Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Weekly curbside blue box collection of boxboard, cardboard, glass, magazines, metal, milk cartons, mixed paper, #2 plastic and newsprint on the same day as garbage collection Multi-family residents can participate in city-wide effort by placing recyclables, with the exception of glass, in specially marked bins at each complex Commercial Two office paper recycling depots small businesses; no charge; 10 box maximum Other Electronics drop-off at Waste Management Facility (landfill) Free year round residential drop-off for HHW (including compact fluorescent light bulbs) at Waste Management Facility Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Seasonal (April-October) contracted yard waste collection of grass clippings, leaves and branches (4 ft in length or less) in metal or plastic garbage cans (must have City yard waste label), paper yard waste bags or bundles; no plastic bags; collected on garbage day; max 25 kg/container Yard waste drop-off at Waste Management Facility year round - $7 charge Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Red Deer Firefighters Children s Charity provides Christmas tree pick-up for one week in January, donations for this service are appreciated Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion A garbage and yard waste collection fee of $11.70/month is charged on utility bill Blue box fee of $5.65/hhld/month is charged to residents on utility bill Multifamily dwellings are charged $4.00/unit/month Revenue from blue box materials sales is split 75/25 (city/collection contractor) and added to the blue box operating revenue Contact Mary Curtis Waste Management Technical Specialist City of Red Deer T: (403) mary.curtis@redde er.ca Two drop off depots for individuals and small businesses that accept glass, metal, newspaper, magazines, mixed paper, cardboard, boxboard, milk cartons and #2 plastic Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, AB Pop: 65,565 -Fort McMurray (pop: 61,374) is part of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo Municipal Lanndfill MSW - $54/t Non segregated construction and demolition - $85/t Clean and segregated brush/trees, asphalt/concrete, metals, unpainted/untreated lumber - $0/t Special handling - $162/t Residential Weekly black cart (240 L) collection Heavy item (furniture, appliances) pick-up in early spring and fall Big bin events allow residents to drop-off large household items during events (e.g., Santa Parade, Festival of Trees) throughout the year Commercial Businesses use private hauler for collection Residential Weekly two blue cart (240 L) collection being phased in finishing by the end of 2012; light blue cart accepts paper and cardboard and the dark blue cart accepts plastic, metal and non-glass drink containers; light and dark blue carts are collected biweekly on alternating weeks with garbage Seven drop-off recycling depots accept cardboard, mixed paper, newspaper, metal, glass and plastic milk jugs Commercial Businesses use private service HHW and electronics Roundups in May/June and October HHW and electronics are accepted at the landfill for recycling Seasonal (May October) weekly collection of lawn clippings and garden waste in 100% compostable and biodegradable bags on the same day as garbage; 35 lb max per bag; four bag max per week; extra bag tags are $1 each; composted at landfill site and used on Municipality parks and flower beds Backyard and vermicomposting website education Drop-off Christmas trees at designated locations in January $10.06/hhld/month for urban single family and multifamily waste collection and $1.50/hhld/month recycling fee $6.33/hhld/month for rural waste collection and $1.50/hhld/month recycling fee Recycling rates are from the old system; will be changes once the entire area has blue cart recycling Just over 900 t was recycled in 2009 at the recycling depots Ryan MacDonald Recycling Supervisor Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo T: (780) ext 1453 Joe D Souza Curbside Collection Supervisor Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo T: (780) ext 5882 Page 5 of 14

331 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population St. Albert, AB Pop: 61,466 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates West Edmonton Landfill: Public - $86/t at gate Residential garbage hauled to Roserdige Regional Landfill Waste Collection Residential Biweekly automated brown cart collection (60, 120 or 240 litres available) Commercial Businesses use private hauler for collection Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Weekly blue bag collection on same day as garbage; cardboard, newspaper, boxboard, mixed paper, and containers (deposit items, metal, clear glass and plastic) accepted Unmanned drop-off recycling depot accepts corrugated cardboard, paper, phone books, metal cans, glass jars, electronics, used oil/filters/oil containers, paint/paint cans/aerosols, scrap metal (in small amounts) and most types of household cleaners and chemicals Commercial Businesses use private service Other Electronics roundup HHW drop-off at Edmonton Eco Stations Take it or Leave it event takes place in June Shred-it Day, typically the first week of May; drop-off sensitive documents to have them confidentially destroyed and recycled Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Residential Biweekly green cart (120 L, 240 L) collection (mid- October to Mid-April) and weekly Mid-April to mid- October); accepts food waste (bread and baked goods, dairy products, fruit, vegetables, meat products and bones, pasta, rice) household items (coffee grounds and filters, facial tissue, tea bags, soiled paper, floor sweepings), yard waste (grass clippings, leaves, garden waste, small branches) Drop-off yard waste at compost depot City bags compost and has Spring and Fall compost give away to residents Yard waste materials are processed by Roseridge Waste Management Services Commission Commercial Businesses use private service Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Christmas tree collection in January on same day as garbage collection Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion Subscription options per month (2012 approved rates): -Flat fee - $ L waste cart - $ L waste cart - $ L waste cart - $9.00 Extra refuse stickers can be purchased for $2.15 $5.50/hhld/month recycling program fee and a $5.77/hhld/month curbside organics fee on utility bill 37% overall diversion in 2008, 41% overall diversion in 2009 and 46% overall diversion in 2010 Contact Christian Benson Solid Waste Programs Coordinator City of St. Albert T: (780) Meghan Myers Environmental Coordinator City of St. Albert T: (780) mmyers@stalbert.net Page 6 of 14

332 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Strathcona County, AB Pop: 92,490 -Sherwood Park (pop: 65,475) is part of Strathcona County Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Residential waste is hauled to a local transfer station and then transported to Roseridge Regional Landfill for disposal Other Alberta Municipalities Airdrie, AB Pop: 42,564 Transfer Site Level ½ ton truck - $20; overload charged extra; residential use only Waste sent to City of Calgary landfills Arrangement with Alberta Waste and Recycling that sorted commercial C&D materials can be taken to resource recovery depot at transfer station; asphalt and concrete are $9/t; kiln dried wood, shrub and brush, drywall/gypsum and asphalt shingles are $65/t Waste Collection Residential Biweekly automated collection alternating with organics; black cart (240 L / 65 gal) is collected by service provider Ever Green Ecological Services; extra waste carts are available for an additional fee Weekly multifamily black cart and communal collection Weekly rural waste collection offered Extra waste is accepted at the Enviroservice event; $3/small item (lawn chair, kitchen sink, extra garbage bag) and $6/large item (couch, mattress) Large item collection in May and September; items must be less than 6 x 3 and weigh less than 600 lbs; two items limit per household Commercial Businesses use private service Residential Weekly manual contracted collection; 34 kg/75 lbs max per bag/container; 2 bag limit; five extra waste tags ($3 each) max per hhld/week Commercial Apartments and condominiums use private hauler Businesses use private hauler for collection Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Weekly blue bag (glass, metal, plastic containers and Styrofoam) and reusable bag/container (paper, corrugated cardboard, boxboard) collection by Evergreen Ecological Services on same day as waste and organics. Multifamily blue bag/reusable container collection where applicable Five drop-off recycling stations: Streambank Avenue, Baseline Road, Ardrossan, Josephburg and South Cooking Lake; accepts same materials as the curbside program Commercial Businesses use private service. Residential One manned drop-off Recycling Depot collects cardboard, paper, newspaper, #1-7 plastic, glass, metal, cardboard milk cartons, phone books One unmanned drop-off depot accepts cardboard, boxboard, cans, mixed paper, newspaper, cardboard milk cartons and #1-7 plastic Apartment and condominium buildings are allowed to use the Recycling Depot Commercial Businesses use private service Other Enviroservice event for household hazardous waste, electronics and small appliances takes place at the Streambank Avenue Recycling Centre one day (Thursday or Saturday) every second week from May to October HHW can be dropped off at Edmonton Eco Stations Electronics and batteries can be taken to Staples in Sherwood Park, Edmonton EcoStations or the Electronics Recycling Association Dairy and dairy-based beverage containers are accepted at bottle depots for a cash refund along with other beverage containers Fluorescent light bulbs, cell phones, electronics, batteries, propane tanks, aerosol cans and used oil and filters are accepted at Recycling Depot Book exchange at recycling depot Used clothes accepted at recycling depot for reuse Seasonal (May-Sep)Toxic Round-up and Paint Exchange at Recycling Depot Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Residential Biweekly automated collection; green cart (240 L/65 gal for houses, 130 L/35 gal for rural and condos) is collected by service provider Ever Green Ecological Services; organics accepted include yard and food waste, soiled paper and cardboard, floor sweepings, wine corks, candy, cat litter, toothpicks etc. Extra organics cart available for additional monthly fee Multifamily green cart collection where applicable Extra yard waste collection in clear bags takes place in May, June and October on garbage collection day Streambank Avenue drop-off accepts grass, leaves, brush and tree branches Fall Category A compost sale; $8 for one 40L bag, $15 for two bags, $20 for three bags, each additional bag above three is $5 up to 10 bag limit Commercial Businesses use private service Seasonal (May-Oct) grass and leaf drop-off at recycling depot Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Grasscycling and backyard composting website education Christmas trees curbside collection first two weeks in January; tree to be cut into 4 ft pieces Backyard and vermicomposting website education Sell backyard composters to residents year round at Recycling Depot Christmas tree drop-off program from late December to middle of January; Fortis Alberta donates equipment and staff to mulch trees; Parks Department use mulch for landscaping Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion $22.95/hhld/month for waste, recycling and organics collection in Sherwood park, on utility bill $20.50/hhld/month for waste, recycling and organics (130 L cart) collection in rural area; on utility bill $21.95/hhld/month for waste, recycling and organics (240 L cart) collection in rural area; on utility bill Extra waste and organics carts are an additional $7/cart/hhld/month plus a $50 delivery and administration fee In 2011, 17,754 t of material was diverted equating to a 59% diversion rate -3,960 t paper products -2,975 t container recyclables -10,635 t organic material -184 t of Enviroservice hazardous waste Residents pay a $20.34 garbage service fee and a $12.79 environmental services fee bimonthly on utility bill Contact Sarah Feldman Waste Management Coordinator and Community Energy Services Strathcona County T: (780) fledman@strathcon a.ab.ca Susan Grimm Environmental Services Team Leader City of Airdrie T: (403) ext Theresa.wilcox@ai rdrie.ca Page 7 of 14

333 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Banff, AB Pop: 7,584 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Residential and commercial waste is hauled to Calgary landfills Waste Collection Residential Communal 4yd 3 wildlifeproof bins, are located throughout the Town; semi-automated collection takes place by Town staff daily to twice a week depending on bin location; garbage is not allowed to be placed beside or on top of bins, $100 - $250 fine Large item collection on Fridays; call to register by Monday for Friday pick-up; can also dropoff large items at the Town of Banff Operations Compound Commercial Town staff collect garbage from businesses daily in wildlife-proof bins (660 L, 1100 L or 1500L); one bin per building Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential 39 neighborhood mini-depots throughout Banff; blue bins accept for loose mixed paper (including cardboard), mixed containers and glass Two Recycling Depots accept sorted milk jugs, metal cans, cardboard, paper and plastic Commercial Businesses can drop-off recyclables at Recycling Depot Town staff collects cardboard daily from businesses in 660 L, 1100 L or 1500 L bins Other Annual HHW and electronics round-up in April Car batteries, electronics, tires, yard waste, paint, light bulbs or fluorescent tubes, small camp stove propane cylinders, scrap metal and tree limbs are accepted at the Town of Banff Operations Compound for a fee Sorted construction and demolition materials accepted at the Francis Cooke Regional Landfill Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Residential Four food waste organics drop-off bins located throughout Banff; accept vegetables, fruits, grains, coffee grounds, cheese, eggshells, and paper soiled with food in biodegradable, compostable paper bags and loose material from reusable containers Free compostable bags are available to residents for leaves and grass It is preferred that residents take yard waste to Recycling Depot but Town staff will periodically collect yard waste from next to the wildlife-proof garbage bins during the growing season Commercial Town staff collect food waste businesses in 360 L, 660 L or 1500 L bins Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Backyard composting of food waste is not permitted in Banff National Park as compost attracts wildlife Christmas tree drop-off program at two Recycling Depots in January Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion $65.10/hhld/year ($5.43/hhld/month) for waste and recycling services; charged on utility bill For commercial waste, cardboard and food waste rates visit s+pdf/services+pdf/waste+$!26+re cycling/waste-utility-fees.pdf In 2010 the Town diverted 1,122 t of cardboard, 261 t of mixed paper, 398 t of metal, 65 t of mixed plastic and 88 t glass Contact Chad Townsend Environmental Coordinator Town of Banff T: (403) Chad.townsend@b anff.ca Page 8 of 14

334 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Brooks, AB Pop: 13,676 Cochrane, AB Pop: 17,580 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Newell Regional Landfill Household waste no charge C&D up to 1,500 kg no charge; over 1,500 kg - $25/t Outside Newell County - $30/t Waste sent to Calgary landfills Appliances accepted at Eco Centre: - Fridges, freezers, air conditioners - $40 - Stoves, washers, dryers - $30 - Microwaves, BBQ, hot waster tanks - $15 Waste Collection Residential Weekly collection by municipal staff of large garbage bins (3 yd) placed in back lanes that are shared with neighboring residents (every 4 houses) or where no back lanes, residents have front curb rollout bins In 2012 a black cart pilot will take place for 1,222 households (918 households are already using these carts for front lane garbage collection); remaining 2,060 households are anticipated to receive black carts in Commercial Businesses offered municipal collection; businesses can rent or purchase bins Residential Weekly black cart (120 L with 55 kg max, 240 L with 110 kg max) collection; extra bag tags $3 each Spring and Fall Cleanup in May and September Appliances accepted at Eco Centre for a fee Excess garbage collected; $2/bag, or $20 for a pick-up truck load (no scale), no large items or C&D waste accepted Commercial Businesses use private hauler for collection Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential One drop-off depot operated by the Newell Recycling Association collects newspaper, white paper, mixed paper, plastics, tin cans, aluminum, cardboard, boxboard, plastic bags and bottles Newell Recycling Association coordinates a voluntary blue box recycling program, $15 for blue bin and $10/month for service Commercial Businesses encouraged to use drop-off Cardboard recycling bins available to businesses Residential One manned drop-off Eco Centre accepts cardboard, mixed paper, newspaper, metal, plastics (including expanded polystyrene Styrofoam ), glass and milk containers (if non-refundable) Agreements with Ghost Lake and Waiparous summer villages to drop-off recycling in Cochrane Commercial Businesses allowed to use drop-off depot, some use Cochrane private recyclers, pay eco fee Other Newell Recycling Association depot accepts used oil and filters, electronics, paint and offers confidential shredding HHW programs in place, accepts marked containers and materials Unmarked containers Eco Centre accepts bikes, eye glasses, ink jet cartridges, batteries, automotive antifreeze, used oil and filters, cell phones, electronics, paint and HHW Book exchange and clothing donation at Eco Centre Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Residential Year round yard waste dropoff program at Newell Recycling Association, runs April to November Materials are taken to industrial area compost yard. Compost used by Parks Department for landscaping, compost is available for residents Seasonal yard waste collection program (Apr-Oct), yard waste placed in 10 (3 yd) containers located throughout town; no branches Newell Recycling Depot accepts yard waste from April to October Commercial Businesses allowed to dropoff at Newell Recycling Association Residential Seasonal (April-November) grass, tree trimmings and leaf drop-off at Eco Centre Yard waste from both locations is transported to local landscaper for composting Commercial Businesses not allowed to use depot or lagoon site, but some do Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Christmas tree recycling program runs in January Trees are dropped-off at Newell Recycling Association, Parks Department chip trees on site and use chips for landscaping Backyard composter rebates offered in the spring Christmas tree drop-off at Eco Centre Town partners with, Spray Lake Mills and landscaper; residents drop-off trees at Midford Park in January; trees are chipped on site and transported to landscaping business Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion $10.26/month for residential garbage collection on utility bill; seniors rate is $7.07/month $11.91/month for residential dwellings from which a home occupation is operated; seniors rate is $8.72/month $3.27/month (residents and businesses) for recycling on utility bill for recycling and composting programs Minimum monthly waste collection rate is $13.55 for businesses within City limits; it goes up based on number of units and collection frequency; for more information on waste and recycling rates visit _2009%20Waste%20Management%2 0Rates.pdf Residents pay $17.40/hhld/month for waste and recycling collection and $4.75/hhld/month for EcoCentre fee on utility bill Contact Doug Shanks Manager Newell Recycling Association T: (403) Sharon Howland Solid Waste Manager Town of Cochrane T: (403) Sharon.howland@ cochrane.ca Page 9 of 14

335 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population High River, AB Pop: 12,920 Okotoks, AB Pop: 24,511 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Foothills Regional Landfill MSW - $63/t Asphalt, cardboard, concrete, drywall, shingles, scrap metal, yard waste and mixed C&D - $63 Hard to handle - $94.50/t Town of High River pays a reduced rate at the gate for residential waste Foothills Regional Landfill MSW - $63/t Asphalt, cardboard, concrete, drywall, shingles, scrap metal, yard waste and mixed C&D - $63 Hard to handle - $94.50/t Town of Okotoks pays a reduced rate at the gate for residential waste Waste Collection Residential Weekly black cart (240/360 L) collection by municipal staff Commercial Town offers garbage collection to businesses with one to five pick-ups a week Businesses can use private hauler for collection Residential Weekly Town automated cart collection (120 L); extra garbage tag $4; In the Spring of 2012 the Cart It! Program will launch; black cart (120 L) automated garbage collection Commercial Businesses use private hauler for collection Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential One manned drop-off depot accepts cardboard, newsprint, mixed paper, tin cans, mixed plastics Commercial Advocacy in Motion (non-profit) offers businesses cardboard collection; delivers cardboard to recycling depot o be baled Businesses allowed to use the recycling depot Residential One manned Recycling Centre collects newspaper, office paper, mixed paper, cardboard, plastics (#1-7), clear and coloured glass and metal Southside Collection Site; unmanned drop-off location by Wal-mart accepts plastic milk jugs, mixed paper, newsprint and cardboard Optional Curb It! Town recycling collection; newspaper, office paper, mixed paper, cardboard/boxboard go into blue bin (68 L); clear and coloured glass, tin and metal, plastics (#1-7) and refundable beverage containers go into red bin (68 L); each bin has a bin bonnet that protects it from wind and rain; collected same day as waste In 2010, 2,176 t was collected from the Curb It Program, the Southside Collection Site and the Recycling Centre Commercial Businesses allowed to use depot Other Recycling depot accepts electronics and cell phones HHW and paint accepted at Fire Hall Year round HHW drop-off at Fire Station, does not accept paint Empty oil containers, rechargeable batteries and paint/aerosol paint accepted at Recycling Centre Appliances, electronics, propane tanks, scrap metal, tires, and used oil and filters are accepted at the Foothills Regional Waste Management Facility Book exchange at Recycling Centre Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Residential Yard waste and branch dropoff at recycling depot Bokashi Organic Composting pilot project with 35 households; still in progress as of March 2012 Commercial Businesses are not allowed to use the yard waste and branch drop-off Seasonal (Mar-Nov) grass and leaf waste drop-off next to Recycling Centre; no branches; hauled to landfill for composting; Town can purchase compost at lower rate Optional Cut n Call grass and leaf program; purchase official Town Cut n Call kraft paper bag for $3; fill the bag and call or register on line for Monday or Thursday curbside collection In 2010, 875 t was collected from the Cut n Call Program and the Recycling Centre s yard waste drop-off site Commercial Businesses can use depot Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Christmas trees collected at yard waste drop-off in January Town sells backyard composters at the Bob Snodgrass Recreation Centre Backyard composters sold at Recycling Centre ($50) Christmas trees are collected mid-late January in dedicated Town vehicles; can also be dropped-off at the Recycling Centre; trees are chipped by the Parks Department and used as landscaping mulch Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion Residents pay $9/month for 240 L garbage cart, $12.50/month for 360 L garbage cart, and $14/month for an additional 360 L cart Residents pay $2.10/month for recycling For commercial garbage and recycling rates visit Enviro Operations/pdfs/Rate_Sched ule_-_effective_march_14_- _Operations.pdf Residents pay $18.17/hhld bimonthly (up to 2 units) on utility bill for garbage collection Residents and businesses pay $7.37/hhld bimonthly on utility bill for recycling facility fee (Recycling Centre) Optional Curb It! Recycling program is $18/hhld bimonthly billed on utility bill; minimum contract period of three months Contact Peter McDowell Roads Supervisor Interim Waste and Recycling Supervisor Town of High River T: (403) Darryl McDonald Resource Recovery Coordinator Town of Okotoks T: (403) Page 10 of 14

336 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Olds, AB Pop: 8,235 Spruce Grove, AB Pop: 26,171 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Mountain View Regional Waste Management Commission (MVRWMC) Landfill Wet MSW (residential) - $120/t C&D waste is diverted to the Resource Recovery Center - $65/ton Yard waste, branches, clean wood - $65/t Asphalt/concrete - $20/t Does not accepts waste from outside of region Olds Transfer Station Mixed Solid Waste - $200/t Residential waste can be dropped-off at the Eco Centre or taken directly to the West Edmonton Landfill Waste Collection Residential Biweekly automated black cart (240L/65gal) fixed day collection by the MVRWMC alternates with organics Large items dropped off at EcoSite Commercial MVRWMC offers business waste collection Residential Weekly automated collection of black cart (240 L/ 65 gal) by Evergreen Ecological Services Large item pick-up in May or June Appliances ($15), propane tanks ($3) and garbage ($1 - $60) accepted at Eco Centre Commercial Businesses use private hauler for collection Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Three unmanned drop-off depots for plastic milk jugs, waxed milk/juice cartons, clear glass, cardboard and boxboard, metal food cans, mixed paper and newspaper, and clean mixed plastics Commercial Businesses are encouraged to use drop-off depots MVRWMC offers 3yd bin for cardboard/mixed paper Residential Biweekly Blue Bag collection on the same day as waste by Evergreen Ecological Services; accepts mixed paper, clean mixed containers, boxboard and cardboard Eco Centre accepts Blue Bag recyclables; no charge Commercial Businesses use private collection service Other Electronics, oil and filters, and batteries accepted at Olds EcoSite MVRWMC offers agricultural plastics recycling Electronics, HHW and tires accepted at the Eco Centre Contractor and residents can bring concrete and asphalt to the Public Works yard at no charge Shred-4-Free Day and Free- Cycle Event in June Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Residential Biweekly green cart (240 L/65 gal) fixed day collection; alternates with garbage collection by MVRWMC from April to October and monthly November to March; accepts food and yard waste Drop-off at EcoSite site for grass, leaves and plant waste Yard waste is composted at Olds College; Compost Sale every May Commercial MVRWMC offers 3 yd bin for yard waste, $25/month including pick-up Residential Weekly Organicart (240 L/ 60 gal) collection from April to November; same day as waste by Evergreen Ecological Services; accepts food, paper and yard waste Additional organics can be placed in compostable paper bags (e.g., Bag to Earth, Bio Bag, Bio Sak) for collection Organic waste can be dropped off at the Eco Centre Organic materials are processed into compost by Cleanit Greenit Compost is stockpiled at the Public Works Yard, used for dressing baseball fields and currently discussing with the Parks Department the use of compost for landscaping Commercial Businesses can drop-off yard waste at the Eco Centre Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Christmas trees drop-off at EcoSite, chipped, free for public and used for daily cover at the landfill Christmas tree pickup in mid- January; collected by Cleanit Greenit and composted. Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion Residents pay $18.87/month for garbage and compost collection; additional garbage carts are $18.87/month and extra compost carts are $6/month Residents pay $52 bimonthly for garbage, Blue Bag and Organicart collection In 2009, the single family residential waste diverted from landfill through compost and recycling was 39.7% Contact Scott Chant Public Works and Utilities Manager Town of Olds T: (403) Mountain View Regional Waste Management Commission T: (403) Eddie Jensen Utilities Supervisor City of Spruce Grove T: (780) David Hales General Manager Planning and Infrastructure City of Spruce Grove T: (780) dhales@sprucegro ve.org Page 11 of 14

337 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Stony Plain, AB Pop: 15,051 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Residents can haul waste directly to the West Edmonton Landfill ($86/t) or the Ryley Landfill ($60/t) Waste Collection Residential Biweekly automated cart collection by EverGreen Ecological Services Large item pick-up follows the Annual Treasure Hunt in May Commercial Businesses use private hauler for collection Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Biweekly Blue Bag collection by Ever Green Ecological Services year round on same day as waste; Blue Bag accepts mixed paper, tin cans, glass jars and boxboard; newspaper, magazines, phone books and catalogues are collected in a separate Blue Bag or bundled/tied; cardboard to be flattened and placed under Blue Bag; in 2011, 1,019 t was diverted Drop-off available at manned Rotary Recycling Centre for cardboard, newspaper and Blue Bag materials Commercial Businesses allowed to use the Recycle Centre to drop-off recyclables Other HHW round-up and e-waste collection takes place September/October Electronics, and paint accepted at Rotary Recycling Centre Oil, scrap metal, and HHW accepted at the Regional Waste Transfer Station Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Residential Weekly Organicart collection from mid-april to mid-october and bi-weekly from mid- October to mid-april on same day as waste from by Ever Green Ecological Services; accepts food, paper and yard waste Additional yard waste placed in brown paper bags or rigid containers, 50 lbs maximum for collection Organics accepted at the Recycle Centre In 2011, the organics program diverted 1,651 t Organic material taken to Cleanit Greenit Composting Facility or Hairy Hill Anaerobic Digester for processing Cleanit Greenit returns compost that is mixed with soil (50/50) and used for Town landscaping Commercial Businesses are allowed to use the Recycle Centre to drop-off organics Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Christmas tree collection in January; Fortis sponsors the hiring of DB Trees to chip the trees; Chips are used for Town landscaping Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion $22.10/hhld/month charge on utility bill for waste, recycling and organics collection $13.57/apartment/month charge on utility bill for waste, recycling and organics collection $8.86/senior apartment/month charge on utility bill for waste, recycling and organics collection Contact Tony Lew Operations Manager Town of Stony Plain T: (780) Jason Doucette Solid Waste Coordinator Parkland County T: (780) Page 12 of 14

338 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Other Canadian Municipalities Nanaimo, BC Pop: 83,810 Orillia, ON Pop: 30,586 Nanaimo Regional Landfill MSW - $115/t Municipal loads containing gypsum, recyclable cardboard, paper, metal or tires - $230/t C&D waste - $115/t C&D load containing gypsum, recyclable cardboard, paper, metal, tires or wood waste - $340/t City of Nanaimo pays $110/t for municipal waste Waste Diversion Site MSW - $120/t Asphalt, concrete gypsum drywall, sorted wood - $80/t Mixed loads (with 10 or more oil filters; more than 10% recyclable, compostable and/or items that could be separated; mixed building and demolition material) - $240/t Waste Collection Residential Biweekly garbage container (77 L, 50 lbs max) or bag (28 x36 or 31 x33, 50 lbs max) municipal collection; one container/bag limit; extra garbage tags $2 each; two additional tags per biweekly collection No large item collection Add-a-day system for waste, recycling and green bin service the scheduled collection day advances by one day following each scheduled statutory holiday Multifamily/Commercial Businesses use private hauler for collection Residential Weekly contracted (Mid Ontario disposal) garbage container (133 L, 20 kg/44 lbs max) or bag (38 x32, 20 kg/44 lbs max) collection; all garbage requires a tag; each year residents receive 30 garbage tags; five extra garbage tags $8.25 ($1.65 each) No bulky item pick-up Multifamily/Commercial Weekly garbage collection; size and weight restrictions same as residents; all garbage requires a tag; each commercial unit receives 30 garbage tags a year; five extra garbage tags $8.25 ($1.65 each) Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Biweekly blue (newspaper) and yellow (metal and plastic containers, household paper) reusable bag collection and bundled cardboard contracted collection (BFI/Progressive Waste Solutions); service contracted out Nanaimo Recycling Exchange (non-profit society) drop-off depot; accepts paper, plastic (including Styrofoam), glass, beverage containers and metal Multifamily Multifamily use private service Commercial Offer small businesses curbside recycling if can stay within residential limits (e.g., one bag/biweekly collection, no excessive volumes of cardboard) Businesses can also use private services Residential Weekly recycling box (83 L/22 gallon max, 20 kg/44 lbs max) collection same day as garbage; accepts paper, Styrofoam and plastic bags in one blue box and containers (glass, plastic, metal) in another blue box, cardboard is to be flattened and bundled/tied (four bundles max per week, garbage tag required for excess bundles) Waste Diversion Site accepts recycling box materials Multifamily/Commercial Recycling is mandatory for apartments with six or more units; City offers cardboard collection (up to eight bundles per week); other businesses and institutions are limited to four bundles per week Smaller apartments and businesses can use the regular recycling box program; for larger apartments and businesses the City provides 360 L blue carts Other Nanaimo Recycling Exchange accepts batteries, electronics, fluorescents, mercury switches, liquid waste (oil, gas, antifreeze), wood, yard and garden waste, cell phones, ink jet cartridges, propane tanks, gypsum, concrete, bricks, porcelain Waste Diversion Site accepts HHW, tires, electronics Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Residential Weekly Green Bin (48 L, 22kg/50 lbs max) collection; implemented city-wide October 2011; accepts food waste (fruit, vegetables, coffee grounds, meat, eggshells, bread, pasta), soiled paper (pizza boxes, paper towels, paper cups and plates) and houseplants/flowers municipal collection Private services collect yard waste curbside Yard waste can be droppedoff at the Nanaimo Recycling Exchange and at the Regional Landfill Multifamily/Commercial Working towards Green Bin program Residential Weekly contracted (Mid Ontario Disposal) green bin/yard waste collection on same day as garbage; accepts food waste, paper products, house plants, dryer lint, grass, leaves, pumpkins, and branches/trimmings Leaves are collected year round in clear bags, certified compostable bags and paper yard waste bags (20 kg/44 lbs max) on weekly collection day Waste Diversion Site accepts green bin/yard waste materials Multifamily/Commercial Smaller apartments and businesses can use the regular green bin program; for larger apartments and businesses the City provides larger green bins Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Regional District of Nanaimo offers website education and brochures on composting, worm composting and grasscycling Lions and Rotary Clubs offer collection and drop-off for Christmas trees by donation Backyard composters are sold at the Waste Diversion Site Christmas trees are collected the first full three weeks following Christmas Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion $121/year for waste, recycling, and Green Bin collection, and processing and disposal, Nanaimo Recycling Exchange, education programs; on utility bill Curbside residential recycling only: % diversion, % diversion, % diversion Diversion (including curbside recycling and Green Bin as of full City implementation in October 2012: -October to December 2011 average: recycling 36%, Green Bin 29%, overall diversion 65% -January 2012: recycling 36%, Green Bin 30%, overall diversion 66% Garbage, recycling box and greenbin/yardwaste program costs are paid for through residential and business City taxes Contact Gary Franffen Sanitation and Recycling Manager City of Nanaimo T: (250) Greg Preston Superintendent of Waste Management City of Orillia T: (705) gpreston@city.orilli a.on.ca Page 13 of 14

339 Appendix K: Selected Alberta Municipalities Current Waste Disposal and Collection, Recycling and Organics Programs City/County Province/ Population Pickering, ON Pop: 88,721 Durham Region oversees garbage and waste diversion programs Port Coquitlam, BC Pop: 56,342 Landfill/Transfer Station MSW and Materials of Interest Rates Durham Region Waste Management Facilities MSW, blue box, yard waste and all mixed loads - $120/t Three locations in Durham Region (Oshawa, Brock Township and Port Perry) Port Coquitlam Wastech Transfer Station MSW - $107/t Wastetech owns and operates the Cache Creek Landfill which will soon reach capacity Waste Collection Residential Biweekly garbage container/bag (20 kg, 44lbs max); four bag max; extra garbage tags $1.50; offer special consideration to bag limit to households that have medical conditions or have three children under the age of three Bulky waste collected biweekly on garbage day; two items max per collection Appliances and porcelain bathroom fixtures collected by appointment Multifamily Front end garbage bins available for multifamily buildings. Weekly collection offered, larger buildings offered biweekly collection Commercial Small heritage businesses are offered collection services. Larger businesses use private hauler for collection Residential Biweekly municipal automated collection of grey lid cart (120 L, 240 L); 360 L carts available for two-family buildings No bulky item pick-up Commercial Commercial collection services are not provided by the City, with the exception of about 40 small business. Recycling Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Drop-off/Curbside Collection Residential Weekly Blue Box (83 L/ 22 gallon max) collection same day as garbage; accepts paper and newsprint in one Blue Box and containers (glass, plastic, metal) in another Blue Box, cardboard is to be flattened and bundled/tied Multifamily Multifamily residences offered recycling program; use recycling bags to transport to carts/bins; weekly collection Commercial Collected by private hauler Residential Biweekly municipal automated collection of blue lid cart (240 L); 360 L carts available for two-family buildings; accepts newspaper, office paper, boxboard, cardboard, magazines, telephone books, plastics (1 to 5), milk jugs, tin cans and plates Multifamily Blue lid cart program offered to multifamily residences; one 360 L cart for every three units; larger or extra containers available for additional fees Commercial Commercial recycling is offered to businesses Other E-waste drop-off event in October; can also be collected by appointment Durham Region Waste Management Facilities accept HHW, tires, Styrofoam, agricultural bale wrap, temporary signs (election) Paint Reuse Centre at the Oshawa location Durham Region Waste Management Facility Depots only accept glass. Composting/Mulching Programs (residential unless stated otherwise) Yard Waste/Food Waste Residential Weekly Green Bin collection same day as garbage; accepts food waste, paper fibre and house plants, sawdust, bedding from pet cages; only paper or compostable liner bags are allowed Seasonal (April November) biweekly brown bag (20 kg/ 44 lbs max) yard waste collection; accepts brush, leaves, pumpkins, garden trimmings (grass trimmings are not allowed) Compost give away in May Multifamily Multifamily residences not offered Green Bin program; small businesses may use one of three drop off services located at waste management facilities. Commercial Commercial not offered Green Bin program; small businesses may use one of three drop off services located at waste management facilities. Residential Weekly (mid-may to mid-nov) and biweekly (mid-nov to mid-may) municipal automated collection of green lid cart (240 L) cart; 360 L carts available for two-family buildings; accepts food scraps and soiled paper ( meat, dairy, bones, soiled pizza box), vegetable and fruit scraps and yard waste Multifamily Green lid cart program is offered to multifamily residences; one 240 L cart for every 20 units; first city offer to multifamily Grasscycling, Backyard Composting and Christmas Tree Chipping Christmas trees are collected in January Grasscycling website education Collection and Diversion Program Fees / Overall Diversion Garbage, recycling box and greenbin/yardwaste program costs are paid for through residential and business City taxes Residents pay the following annual fees: - Garbage: $81.02 (120 L), $ (240 L) or $ (360 L) - Green/food waste - $65.28 (240 L) or $75.28 (360 L) - Recycling - $0 (240 L) or $10 (360 L) Multifamily buildings pay $1/month for the green cart program Contact Steven Jedinak Operations Technician Durham Region T: (905) ext 3719 Steven.jedinak@du rham.ca John Dundee Manager Common Services City of Port Coquitlam T: (604) dundeej@portcoqui tlam.ca Page 14 of 14

340 Appendix L: Financial Analysis See also Excel file Appendix L_SWMF Financial Analysis - Oct18.xlsx

341 Appendix L Financial Analysis Landfill Life-Cycle Cost Analysis A high level, lifecycle cost analysis (LCA) associated with Phase 1 and 2 filling of The City of Red Deer Waste Management Facility (WMF) was undertaken for the purpose of assessing the long-term sustainability of the current tipping fee structure considering long-term liabilities, and operating, maintenance, capital and post-closure costs associated with the current Phase 1 and future Phase 2 development. The LCA for the WMF was undertaken for two conditions: 1. status quo waste diversion landfill fill rate; and 2. implementation of proposed additional waste diversion strategies outlined. Analysis was based upon the two-phase development concepts outlined in the report entitled "Preliminary Design Report, Waste Management Facility" prepared by Stanley Consulting, dated July The LCA was undertaken using the net present value (NPV) methodology. A detailed summary of the analysis undertaken is provided in the attached spreadsheet. Site Life The estimated remaining lifespan of the landfill was based upon the assumptions summarized in spreadsheet Tables I.1 through I.3. The measure of apparent density is not a measure of true density, but is a measure of the efficiency in which waste is landfilled on a tonne per cubic metre basis. A value of 0.65 was calculated in the 2010 airspace consumption report (Stantec, 2010). For comparison, a value of 0.7 was also used to represent increased airspace consumption efficiency which could be realized through implementing the operational recommendations presented in Section Based upon the site life analysis summarized in Tables I.8 through I.11 (Appendix L spreadsheet), the remaining site life ranges from 34 years (status quo diversion at an apparent density of 0.65 tonnes per cubic metre) to 46 years (proposed additional waste diversion at an apparent density of 0.7 tonnes per cubic metre). Landfill Cost Analysis The high level LCA was undertaken to determine (at a preliminary level) if the financial model employed by the City of Red Deer for the landfill was sufficient to meet not only the day-to-day operating and maintenance costs of the landfill but also the future capital and post-closure costs associated with the continued development and closure of both Phase 1 and 2, as well as funding the development of a new landfill. The monies for future capital and post-closure costs are typically set aside in a reserve fund. This reserve is funded through net annual revenues received by the landfill during the years of its operation. Once a landfill enters into the post-closure phase, it typically no longer has a revenue stream but continues to incur significant expenses related to monitoring and maintenance of the landfill environmental control systems (i.e., landfill gas, leachate, stormwater management systems) throughout the landfill s contaminating lifespan. Therefore, it is important to properly fund the reserve throughout the active phase of the landfill when there is a revenue stream. An underfunded reserve can lead to a significant financial shortfall which not only affects the post-closure maintenance of the landfill but impacts the development of a new landfill. LCAs were conducted for the two scenarios indicated above. The limitations and results for each of these scenarios are presented below. It is noted that the financial model, presented herein, is based upon a 40 year contaminating lifespan and post-closure monitoring period, which is consistent with previous financial liability estimates. Page 1 of 4

342 Appendix L Financial Analysis However, the actual contaminating lifespan of a landfill can be significantly longer depending upon numerous factors which include, but are not necessarily limited to, waste mass landfilled, geometry, climate, and closure system. Financial Model Assumptions The LCA presented herein was based upon both facility revenue and cost assumptions. Revenue assumptions are summarized in Table I.4 and are composed of both a cost per tonne for waste landfilled unit revenue and fixed annual revenue associated with the sale of materials recovered from on-site recycling programs. Costs associated with capital expenditures (development and closure costs) and annual operating costs are summarized in Table I.5 (spreadsheet). It is noted that the capital cost elements and implementation timelines represent high level conceptual elements only due to the absence of a detailed design and operations plan and long-term capital cost report from which to populate the model. Remaining Phase 1 areas to be closed are summarized in spreadsheet Table I.6, A summary of the current capital reserves for 2011, used in this analysis, is presented in spreadsheet Table I.7. LCA Methodology The LCA was undertaken using the net present value (NPV) methodology to facilitate comparison of the following scenarios: Scenario A Status quo diversion and apparent density of 0.65 tonnes per cubic metre (Table I.8); Scenario B Status quo diversion and apparent density of 0.7 tonnes per cubic metre (Table I.9); Scenario C Proposed additional diversion and apparent density of 0.65 tonnes per cubic metre (Table I.10); and Scenario D Proposed additional diversion and apparent density of 0.7 tonnes per cubic metre (Table I.11). The calculation of NPV was based upon the following parameters: Discount interest rate (Ni) of 3.55 percent; Inflation rate (Infl) of 2.32 percent; and Real discounted interest rate (Ri) of 1.20 percent (calculated based upon the above discount interest rate and inflation values). The real discounted interest rate was used to calculate NPV to account for future inflation, therefore making future revenue and costs more transparent. Future reserve contributions are assumed to be equal to net annual revenue, with existing 2011 reserves associated with ongoing development, progressive closure and replacement of approximately $7.6M as summarized in Table I.7. LCA Results The calculated net present value for status quo waste diversion scenarios (Scenario A and B) is approximately $36.0M, and $42.5M respectively. The calculated net present value for the proposed waste diversion scenarios (Scenario C and D) are approximately $29.3M and $37.1M respectively. The results of this analysis for Scenarios A through D are summarized in Tables I.8 through I.11 respectively. It is noted, however, that this analysis is limited to direct landfill related financial elements and does not account for any incremental costs associated with implementing the proposed diversion related activities Page 2 of 4

343 Appendix L Financial Analysis (Scenarios C and D) nor does it take into account other benefits (i.e., reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and social-political benefits). Conclusions The following conclusions, based on the high level LCA for the site are presented. These conclusions are based upon the assumption that all annual net landfill revenues are contributed to reserves to fund ongoing landfill development, progressive closure, development of a new solid waste facility prior to final closure of the existing site, and 40 year post-closure liabilities. Status quo waste diversion (spreadsheet Table I.8) at an apparent density of 0.65 tonnes per cubic metre is moderately balanced. The status quo scenario is significantly improved by increasing the apparent density to 0.7 tonnes per cubic metre, resulting in an estimated increase in net present value of approximately $6.5M. The proposed additional diversion programs will result in an estimated additional ten years of site life; however, it also results in a significant reduction in NPV. This reduction in NPV is not considered to be significant with in excess of 30 years remaining site life and would not likely require restructuring of tipping fees. Implementing operational measures to increase the apparent density may offset lost revenue (relative to the status quo) associated with the proposed diversion programs. Reserve Fund Contribution Analysis The following section presents a preliminary analysis of capital and operating reserve funds based upon the LCA financial analysis and associated cost assumptions and timelines for Scenario A (status quo) presented in Table I.8. For the purpose of the reserve contribution analysis, the following assumptions were made: Capital reserve is associated with development of the Phase 1 and 2 areas; Operating reserves are associated with closure and post-closure liabilities; Post-closure liabilities include final cover contracted services, utilities, and environmental control system maintenance; Final closure of the site in 2046; 40 year post-closure liability period ( ); Interest rate of 3.55 percent; and Inflation rate of 2.32 percent. For the purpose of this evaluation, reserve funds were calculated on the basis of a $ per tonne of waste landfilled (based upon 2012 dollars). The rationale for calculating reserve funds on a unit mass basis is to permit reserve contributions to be anchored to site revenues, as opposed to a fixed annual approach which may result in disproportionate contributions (either high or low) as annual tonnage inputs fluctuate. Furthermore, this approach directs the financial focus away from remaining airspace to remaining mass which can potentially be landfilled at the site. This alteration in focus away from remaining available airspace to remaining potential mass reserve will place emphasis on the need to closely monitor airspace consumption (i.e., annual review of airspace consumption and achieved apparent density) as tipping fee revenue is mass based and not volume based. The results of the reserve fund analysis for capital and operating reserve funds are presented in spreadsheet Tables I.12 and I.13 respectively. Based upon this analysis, capital and operating reserve contribution requirements are estimated to be approximately $10.00/tonne and $4.00/tonne respectively in 2012 dollars. Annual updates should be undertaken to adjust for remaining site life (based on actual tonnage inputs and updated long-term trends) inflation and interest rate trends. Page 3 of 4

344 Appendix L Financial Analysis Recommendations Based upon the results of the high level LCA and annual reserve contribution estimate for the site the following recommendations are presented: Generation of long-term capital cost plan associated with the development and progressive closure of the landfill in order to refine the LCA and provide the basis for the development of a detailed reserve contribution plan adequate to fund ongoing landfill development, progressive closure, replacement, and post-closure liabilities; The waste shed area should be preserved (inbound traffic control), thereby optimizing revenue generation potential and the maximization of reserve growth; Review long-term capital plan every five years and update of LCA and reserve contribution plan; and Annual reserve contribution updates should be undertaken to adjust for remaining site life (based on actual tonnage inputs and updated long-term trends) inflation and interest rate trends. Page 4 of 4

345 Appendix M: Red Deer Promotional / Educational Materials

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355 Appendix N: WMMP Public Consultation Results Introduction As the first step in vetting the proposed Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP), a workshop was presented to Red Deer City Council on November 27, 2013, followed by a similar presentation to the Environmental Advisory Committee on December 12, Subsequently, the draft Plan was tabled at the January 21, 2013 Council meeting. Following this primary review, the next stage of review was to take the Plan to the public for feedback. To get this feedback, a program of public consultation was conducted in early By consulting with the residents and business owners of Red Deer in regards to the Plan s direction and proposed actions, insights were gained into the WMMP s public acceptability and potential stumbling blocks for implementation. The overall objective of the consultation was to gain feedback from residents and the business sector on the proposed plan. Two surveys were created and made available online and at public consultation events, one for residents and another for the Industrial, Commercial and Institutional (ICI) sector (see Appendix A). Promotion and Public Consultation The City promoted the opportunities for Red Deerians and businesses to participate in public consultations and even offer their ideas on the WMMP in a variety of ways. The driving force to ensure thorough and accurate consultation was done based on the idea of going out to residents and businesses; making it convenient and easy for them to provide feedback. Background information and links to the surveys were available on the City s website, and informative but sometimes inquisitive postings were placed on the City's Facebook page to actually engage and garner feedback from residents. Information was tweeted to followers using the hashtag #talktrashwithus. Two news releases were sent out to the media with pick up from every station in Red Deer and numerous subsequent interviews. In addition, a newspaper advertisement ran in the Red Deer Advocate regarding activities and events. And to correct some inaccuracies written by an Advocate reporter, a letter to the Editor was written, clarifying some program details. Information was also posted on public information screens at the Collicutt Centre, Dawe Centre, Michener Centre and Recreation Centre. In addition, direct s were sent out to a list of approximately 400 contacts retained by the City s Environmental Initiatives Section. Surveys were also mailed out to a small number of individuals who indicated they did not have online access. Key messages around the WMMP, as well as the consultation process, were also shared with landfill staff to disseminate to the public as inquiries were received. City staff also received targeted information through The Bridge intranet home page, as well as two brown bag lunch discussions. Public consultation occurred from January through March and was undertaken by sonnevera, in partnership with The City of Red Deer. During this period, approximately 850 people were directly contacted in person, and further contacts made via . A variety of activities and events were attended in an attempt to inform residents and the ICI sector about the Plan and solicit public input by encouraging completion of the survey. Audiences and venues were selected to ensure broad community representation, including commercial interests, as well as a range of public demographics and geography (City districts). A breakdown of these events and targeted audiences is provided in Table 1. Page 1 of 18

356 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Table 1: Public Consultation Summary Date Consultation Activity Audience Reached No. of People Consulted January 21 Table Draft WMMP at Council Meeting Council, press 15 February 26 February January 17 February 7 March 25 January 31 February February 16 February 19, 23 March 8-13 ICI Consultations Chamber of Commerce Business After Hours Event Downtown Business Association agreed to send out survey link to members Waste Services Contractor Consultations BFI Waste Management MCL ICI ICI City Contractors / Service Providers Presentation to Launch Garbage-Free February ReThink Red Deer Booths at Public Venues Parkland Mall Collicutt Centre Business Consultation variety of businesses visited and managers asked to complete survey Parkland Mall north residents, families, youth, seniors Collicutt Centre south residents, families, professionals, seniors Business owners or managers 50 unknown March 8-10 Booth at Home Show Home owners 260 March 13 March March 20 March 23 DOSE Coffee / City Roast Public/ business surveys Golden Circle surveys and postcards to online link distributed by centre March 7 to 20 presentation during hot lunch Public and businesses in downtown Seniors contacts Final Public Venue Booths Centennial Celebrations Dawe Centre and Collicutt Centre 50 March 26 Red Deer College Youth, students Page 2 of 18

357 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Residential Survey Results Demographics A total of 908 residential surveys were completed by Red Deer citizens during the public consultation process. The 2011 Municipal Census suggests that there is an even amount (50% each) of males and females in Red Deer. However, there were considerably more female respondents (65%) than male respondents (34%) for the survey. This may be a reflection of the higher interest of women in environmental issues in general that has been documented in numerous studies, and widely reported in the mainstream media. A variety of age groups participated in the survey, but the participation was concentrated between ages and ages 46-64, who provided 30% and 38% of the total feedback respectively. Seniors aged 65 and over, accounted for 20% of the responses and youth aged for 11%. Figure 1 compare the ages of survey respondents with the 2011 Municipal Census demographic data, confirming variation but also demonstrating that each main category was successfully contacted during consultation. It is important to recognize that the under 18 category was not specifically targeted. Figure 1: Survey vs. Census Age Demographics Residents living in single-family homes accounted for 86% of those surveyed, while multi-family unit dwellers represented 13% (Figure 2). The City's 2011 Census data shows approximately 20% of Red Deer's inhabitants live in MFUs. The survey response of multi-family residents is considered to be good, since this demographic is recognized as being difficult to engage. Page 3 of 18

358 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Figure 2: Survey vs. Census Residence Type Results A strong majority of respondents (96%) agreed or strongly agreed that the amount of waste sent to the landfill needs to be reduced (Q4). A somewhat lower consensus agreed that Red Deer needs to become a leader in sustainable waste management (Q5), with 87% supporting the idea (agreeing or strongly agreeing) and 9% of those surveyed disagreeing or strongly disagreeing. This variation in support seems intuitive, since the second question implies more aggressive action, and associated program changes. Overall, it appears that Red Deer residents are very supportive of diverting waste from landfill. Page 4 of 18

359 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Figure 3: It is important that we reduce the amount of waste sent to the landfill. Figure 4: It is important that Red Deer becomes a leader in sustainable waste management. Numerous concerns regarding waste management in Red Deer were identified by the 721 survey respondents who chose to provide answers to Question 6. A full list of these comments is included in Appendix B. The most common responses (see Table 2) were regarding accepting an expanded range of materials for recycling (specifically plastics), and diverting additional organic materials for composting, with over 200 respondents mentioning each of these issues. Concerns over cost implications were also mentioned by a significant number of respondents, with just over 100 respondents mentioning cost in their comments. Table 2: Respondent Concerns Response Category Number of Times Mentioned Expand materials collected for recycling 205 Need to divert more organics through composting, organics collection, etc. 235 Cost concerns 105 Residents were also asked whether or not they agreed with their service charges being proportional to the size of garbage cart they select, which would subsequently be provided by the City (Q7). The majority of residents, namely 62%, support this concept, while 25% disagree, as depicted by Figure 5. Page 5 of 18

360 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Figure 5: Resident Response to Cart Sized Service Fees When informed that the largest single component of the residential waste stream is food and yard waste, Red Deer residents were strongly in favour of diverting residential organics from the waste stream by means of composting, as per Figure 6, with 85% agreeing that it is important to consider programs to compost residential organics (Q8). Less than 10% of those surveyed disagreed that composting programs should be considered. This suggests that enhanced organics diversion programs will receive strong public support. Figure 6: Support for programs to compost residential organics Residents voiced great demand with regard to increasing the types of plastics accepted via the blue box program (Figure 7); 94% support expanding plastics recycling in Red Deer (Q9). The majority of those surveyed (82%) also support replacing the blue box with a larger blue cart (Q10) (Figure 8). Page 6 of 18

361 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Figure 7: Support for Expansion of Plastics in the Blue Box Program Figure 8: Support for Replacing Blue Boxes with Larger Blue Carts The current weekly limit for garbage bags in Red Deer is 5 per household, which is greater than the 2 bag weekly average most homes produce. When polled, 77% of residents agreed with reducing this limit (Q11), while 17% disagreed with doing so (Figure 9). This is also consistent (although even higher support) with trends in the annual Customer Survey telephone polls that have shown increasing support for a reduced bag limit. Page 7 of 18

362 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Figure 9: Support for Reduction of Allowable Weekly Number of Garbage Bags 86% of Red Deer residents surveyed agreed with enhancing recycling services at multi-family residences. As shown in Figure 10, only 4% of respondents disagreed with this initiative to target multi-family recycling. Figure 10: Support for Improving MFU Recycling Programs When prompted for further comments (Q13) regarding Red Deer's waste management system, just over 400 residents chose to offer a variety of responses (see Table 3). Predominant concerns regarded logistics around the proposed program: maneuverability and storage of the bins, location of pick-up (front street vs. alleys), and theft / vandalism of the new bins. These comments were also elaborated in one-on-one discussions with participants, where some interesting trends were noted. For example, some residents are under the impression that automated collection will necessitate transferring all collection to front streets. Residents serviced in back alleys are also wondering about bin placement, and whether existing enclosures will still be functional. Another common concern is where collection bins will be Page 8 of 18

363 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results stored, and the ability to move them during the winter months. It will be important to identify and address these concerns as part of the program pilots. Cost implications of the proposed program were also mentioned by a number of respondents, with many indicating they believed they would be required to directly pay for the new bins, or that the proposed program would lead to significant cost increases. Based on these concerns, it will be important to include cost information as part of the education associated with both pilots and program launches. A full list of comments is included in Appendix C. Table 3: Respondent Comments Response Category Number of Times Mentioned Logistical concerns (bin storage, set-out, etc.) 55 Cost 65 Lastly, residents were asked to identify the most effective means for them to receive communication regarding changes to the system (Q14). As illustrated by Figure 11, the survey highlighted 10 options, all of which were supported to varying degrees. The most effective options specified include direct mail (68%), City website (59%), radio advertising (58%), newspaper advertising (55%) and social media (53%). It is important to consider the demographics surveyed when considering these results because differing preferences may exist within different age groups. This is evident in Figure 12 and Figure 13, where smart phone applications and social media outlets were supported most strongly by users up to age 45. Figure 11: Preferred Types of Communication Page 9 of 18

364 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Figure 12: Support for Smart Phone Application as a Communication Tool Figure 13: Support for Social Media as a Communication Tool Summary Overall, residents were very positive about the proposed Waste Management Master Plan, with many commenting they were pleased to see Red Deer moving forward, and numerous references to successful similar systems in other communities where they previously lived or had relatives / friends living. A potential downside to the positive response is a feeling of impatience on the part of residents, many of whom expressed a desire to see the program move forward quickly, with comments like the sooner these improvements are implemented, the better, and it s about time other cities have been doing this for years. However, upon explanation, the phased implementation and pilot concept was understood and well received by residents, with many asking how they could sign up to be part of the pilots. This enthusiasm could ideally be channeled to produce some excitement around the pilots and the subsequent results and overall program implementation. Page 10 of 18

365 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Industrial, Commercial & Institutional (ICI) Survey Results Demographics A total of 51 responses were collected from the ICI sector in Red Deer. As illustrated by Figure 14, a variety of businesses (Q1) provided input, including: retail businesses (34%), professional services (19%), food services (8%), educational institutions (8%) and manufacturing/warehouse businesses (8%). Smaller contributors include medical services (2%) and multi-family complex/apartments (2%). The remaining "other" businesses (19%) include responses from a web development company, a bank, a non-profit group, a shopping center, as well as a transportation-trucking business and a C&D waste recycling facility. Figure 14: ICI Survey Participant Breakdown Results When asked about the importance of reducing the amount of waste sent to the landfill (Q2), the response was clear with 96% agreeing or strongly agreeing that it is important to reduce landfilled waste (Figure 15). Minimal opposition (2%) was matched by those who chose not to answer the question (2%). Page 11 of 18

366 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Figure 15: Support for Reducing Waste Sent to the Landfill The consensus regarding the importance to reduce landfilled waste is echoed by the positive response (92%) illustrated in Figure 16, which encourages Red Deer to become a leader in sustainable waste management. A small number of businesses disagree (8%) that Red Deer should become a leader in waste management. It is interesting to note that the ICI sector responded more favourably to the question of demonstrating leadership than did respondents to the residential survey. Figure 16: Support for Red Deer Being a Waste Management Leader Page 12 of 18

367 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Businesses surveyed believe the City should provide technical and information assistance to businesses interested in reducing waste (Q4). No respondent actually opposed this concept (Figure 17), while 96% of respondents agreed. Figure 17: Support for the City Providing Technical & Information Assistance to Companies Interested in Reducing Waste The idea of developing a recognition program for businesses with high diversion rates (Q5) was also widely supported. Figure 18 shows 82% of those surveyed agreed with the development of such a program, while 14% disagreed. Figure 18: Support for a High Waste Diversion Rate Recognition Program Based on responses received, 84% of the businesses in Red Deer supported piloting a composting program in the ICI sector (Q6). Page 13 of 18

368 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Figure 19: Support for an ICI Composting Pilot Since an ICI organics program would most directly impact the retail and food sectors, responses from these groups were separated out (see Figure 19). As shown, all four food sector respondents support this initiative, while 88% of the 17 retail sector respondents agree, suggesting the directly affected sectors are even more strongly in agreement with an ICI organics pilot than the ICI population as a whole. However, the small sample size represented should suggest caution in developing broad conclusions. Three quarters (76%) of those surveyed are agree with establishing differential fees at the Waste Management Facility (targeting recyclable / compostable materials Q7), while 6% disagree, while 16% are unsure (Figure 20). It is likely the uncertainly revolves around the specifics of implementation, therefore, educating businesses and staff about diversion opportunities and differential tipping fee structures would be required for program success. Page 14 of 18

369 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Figure 20: Support for a Differential Tipping Fee System The idea of banning recyclable materials from the Waste Management Facility was less popular than introducing a differential tipping fee schedule, as shown in Figure 21. However, 64% of participants still agreed with the concept, while opposition totaled 20%. A significant number (14%) were also uncertain about this approach, perhaps because they do not understand how they would be impacted (since most businesses do not directly access the Waste Management Facility), and suggesting a need for clarity around education and implementation. Figure 21: Support for Banning Recyclables from the Landfill The ICI sector surveys (Q9) highlighted a number of comments and suggestions regarding Red Deer's waste management system. The most common comment received was in reference to the need for more recycling / diversion opportunities in the ICI sector. The concept of incentives driving increased diversion also was mentioned by several respondents. A full list of comments is included in Appendix D. This wide array of comments and concerns demonstrates the importance of communication and education Page 15 of 18

370 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results regarding program development and participation. Developing initiatives to help reduce / divert ICI waste can only be successful if industry, commercial businesses and institutions receive the technical support and information they need. Similar to the residential survey, the ICI survey concluded with a question regarding the most effective method of communication for the responding business (Q10). Once again, 10 options were provided with results shown in Figure 22. The City website and social media methods were ranked the highest, at 76% and 71% respectively. All the listed methods achieved 50% or greater support, concluding that they are an effective method of communication, except for public open houses (39%) and television advertising (24%). It is interesting to note that the ICI sector was more positive than residential respondents about electronic communications methods, including the website and social media. Figure 22: ICI Sector's Preferred Communication Methods Summary Based on the survey results received, the ICI sector shows strong support for the ICI elements presented in the WMMP. However, this sector has been hard to engage, with direct interaction producing the best feedback results. This approach will likely be required throughout implementation phases of the WMMP to continue to receive ICI feedback and deliver the education and information required for successful results. Page 16 of 18

371 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Conclusions Public consultation was conducted at numerous locations and events around the City of Red Deer throughout January to March of Direct contact was made with approximately 850 Red Deer residents and businesses, and 909 residential surveys and 51 ICI surveys were completed (including inperson, mail-in and online surveys). Overall, the City of Red Deer's residents and ICI sector are generally in support of the proactive changes proposed within the Waste Management Master Plan. Reducing the amount of waste landfilled in Red Deer and improving diversion through composting and enhanced recycling are issues the majority of survey respondents agree with pursuing. Making Red Deer a leader in sustainable waste management received agreement from 86% of the residential respondents and 93% of the ICI sector survey participants. Reducing the amount of waste sent to landfill received even higher support with 96% of respondents in both sectors who agreeing to this statement. Television advertisements and public open houses were deemed the least effective method of communication by both Red Deer residents and the ICI sector, however were still believed to be effective by some respondents. The highest ranked methods of communication based on residents responses were direct mail and The City s website, while the ICI sector prefers information to be delivered by The City s website and social media applications. Public consultations confirmed that the top issues residents associate with the waste management system are addressed within the WMMP, and that there are no additional overarching issues that would suggest significant changes need to be made to the proposed Waste Management Master Plan prior to phased implementation. However, the feedback received during the extensive consultations is very important to incorporate into future plans, raising issues that will need to be carefully considered in the design and implementation of program pilots, and ultimately the program design. Recognizing the comments and suggestions received during the consultations will serve to pre-empt potential stumbling blocks, identifying issues that can be properly addressed and incorporated into the pilot process, facilitating effective and focused pilot programs. Considering the pilot phase also involves a considerable degree of public consultation, integrating the two elements (initial consultation and pilot) is a logical approach that will result in the best utilization of resources, and ultimate the most success. Page 17 of 18

372 Appendix N WMMP Public Consultation Results Appendices

373 Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) Public Consultation Appendix Appendix A: Residential and ICI Surveys A1

374 The City of Red Deer Waste Management Master Plan Public Consultation Survey This survey is for City of Red Deer residents only. The City appreciates your feedback as it plans the development of its waste management programs for the next 10 years. The Waste Management section of the Environmental Services department wants to hear your comments on initiatives and goals within the draft Waste Management Master Plan. To view the plan, visit The following survey should take approximately 5 to 10 minutes to complete. 1. Are you male or female? Male Female 2. What is your age group? 18 and under and older 3. Do you live in a: Single family residence Multi- family residence (apartment, townhouse etc.) Please rank your level of agreement with the following statements: 4. It is important that we reduce the amount of waste sent to the landfill. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 5. It is important that Red Deer becomes a leader in sustainable waste management. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 6. What are the 3 top concerns you have about waste in Red Deer? Any personal information on this form is collected under the authority of section 33(c) of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy (FOIP) Act for the purpose of drafting amendments to the Waste Management Master Plan. Your comments may be used anonymously in public displays or publications related to the Waste Management Master Plan. If you have any questions regarding the collection, use and protection of this information, please contact Janet Whitesell, Waste Management Superintendent, The City of Red Deer,

375 The Master Plan includes a number of elements that we would like to get your opinion on: 7. Newer garbage trucks can collect waste using an automated pickup feature. Wheeled plastic carts in several sizes would be provided by The City, with residents choosing which size they wanted, and paying monthly according to the size of cart. Rank your level of agreement with this statement: I would support putting garbage out in a wheeled plastic cart provided by The City, and being charged according to the size of the cart I select. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 8. The largest single component of the residential waste stream is food and yard waste. The Master Plan proposes a pilot to test different models of curb side collection of expanded organics, including food waste as well as yard waste. Rank your level of agreement with this statement: It is important to consider programs to compost residential organics. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 9. The current blue box program limits the type of plastics that are accepted for recycling based on limitations of sorting and marketing additional materials. Expanding markets may allow for the collection of an expanded range of plastics in the blue box. Rank your level of agreement with this statement: I support the expansion of the blue box program to include additional types of plastic. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 10. An expansion of the blue box program may require a larger blue box. A larger blue cart system would provide additional household capacity, while protecting recyclable materials from the elements. Rank your level of agreement with this statement: I would support replacing blue boxes with larger blue carts. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 11. With more plastics being recycled, residents are likely to see a corresponding reduction in waste thrown into garbage bins. The Master Plan aims to see a reduction in the number of household garbage bags placed out for pickup. Rank your level of agreement with this statement: I would support a reduction of the current five garbage bag limit to three bags or fewer. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 12. The Master Plan includes enhancing recycling services to multi- family residences. Examples include better signage for bins, and providing in- suite collection containers. Rank your level of agreement with this statement: I support enhanced recycling services to multi- family residences. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 13. Do you have additional comments or suggestions you would like to share about the waste management system in Red Deer? 14. What is an effective means to communicate to you about changes to the waste management system? Radio advertising Yes No Don t Know Direct mail Yes No Don t Know Newspaper advertising Yes No Don t Know City website Yes No Don t Know Public open house Yes No Don t Know Information in city facilities Yes No Don t Know Television advertising Yes No Don t Know subscription Yes No Don t Know Social media Yes No Don t Know Smart Phone Application Yes No Don t Know

376 Waste Management Master Plan Survey For Industrial/Commercial/Institutional Users This survey is for organizations located in Red Deer only. The City has developed a Waste Management Master Plan designed to reduce the amount of waste sent to the landfill, and make Red Deer a provincial leader in sustainable waste management. An estimated 63 per cent of waste comes from the commercial sector. The Master Plan includes a series of recommendations to address this portion of the waste stream. 1. What type of business do you operate? Retail Food Service Manufacturing/Warehouse Professional Service Hospitality Medical Educational Institution Multi- family complex/apartments Other If Other, please specify Please rank your level of agreement with the following statements: 2. It is important that we reduce the amount of waste sent to the landfill. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 3. It is important that Red Deer becomes a leader in sustainable waste management. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 4. The City should provide technical and information assistance to businesses that are interested in reducing waste. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 5. The City should develop a recognition program for businesses that achieve high rates of waste diversion. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 6. The City should undertake a pilot program to assess the feasibility of a commercial organics collection program to compost food waste from businesses such as grocery stores and restaurants. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 7. A system of differential fees should be established at the Waste Management Facility to create a financial incentive to divert specific materials to recycling or composting. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure 8. Materials with established recycling programs should be banned from disposal at the Waste Management Facility. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Unsure