Risk. Management Center

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1 Risk Hydro-Metrologic Modeling Tools for Water Management and Analysis Management Center US Army Corps of Engineers William Charley Hydrologic Engineering Center Institute for Water Resources June

2 Modeling in the 1930 s 1950 s

3 More Recently.

4 Now

5 Computer Modeling Programs Model Full Name Agency VIC Variable Infiltration Capacity University of Washington SSARR Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation Corps of Engineers Sacramento Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting NOAA - NWS SWMM Storm Water Management Model EPA MIKE SHE Système Hydrologique Européen DHI PRMS Precipitation Runoff Modeling System USGS HSPF Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran Stanford, EPA SWAT Soil and Water Assessment Tool USDA, Texas A&M HEC-HMS Hydrologic Modeling System Corps of Engineers

6 What is a Computer Model? A computer model is the interaction of a modeling program and its input data and parameters, which attempts to accurately simulate a system under given conditions 6

7 Institute for Water Resources Hydrologic Engineering Center Technical Assistance Research Training and Software Support Software Development Since 1964, Technical Center of Expertise (TCX) in hydrologic engineering and planning analysis executing a balanced program of technical assistance, research, software development, training and special studies. Located in Davis, California. Organization within the Institute for Water Resources.

8 HEC Basic Precepts 'HEC Business Model' HEC exists to help the Corps perform it's CW mission in a world-class manner. The work of the Corps is performed at the field office level. HEC products and services are for field use and application. Generic Software can be used anywhere worldwide. Software is used worldwide for 5 major reasons. Goal is to take "State-of-the-Art" and turn it into "State-of-the-Practice".

9 Hydrologic Engineering Center 35 full-time professionals; hydraulic engineers, a few computer specialists, mostly MS degrees, a few PhDs. Five to ten University of California Davis students. Primarily support USACE; some other Federal agencies; growing international assistance; increasing number of MoU's; visiting scholars U.S. and international

10 HEC Software Activities Solve problems in a general manner for use everywhere. Complete product line for hydrologic engineering and planning analysis in HEC software library: Hydrologic Statistics to River Hydraulics to Reservoir Analysis to Flood Risk Management to Consequence Analysis to Watershed and System Analysis

11 Computes streamflow throughout a river basin given precipitation and watershed characteristics. HEC-HMS Hydrologic Modeling System Gaged or gridded rainfall is the main input data

12 The Rainfall Runoff Process Condensation Snow Precipitation Transpiration Infiltration Surface runoff Spring Evaporation Water Table Groundwater Flow Lake Groundwater River Ocean

13 HEC-HMS Hydrologic Modeling Software Flood Event Modeling Industry standard hydrologic modeling tool that is used worldwide. Used by all District and some Division Offices. Important tool for levee and dam safety studies. Typical usage is over 180 studies totaling 19M/year. HEC provides HMS training to ~100 engineers annually Certified for FEMA studies. Adopted by multiple agencies. Software provided free of charge (paid by USA taxpayers) ~ 27,000 downloads last year Low Flow Environmental Interior Drainage Reservoirs Snowmelt

14 Computes river velocities, stages, profiles, and inundated areas given streamflow and geometry. Sediment Transport Water Quality & Temperature Two-dimensional capabilities added HEC-RAS River Analysis System

15 HEC-RAS Hydraulic Modeling Software Industry standard hydraulic tool used worldwide Used by all District and Division Offices. Important tool for dam and levee safety studies. Used on over 300 studies totaling $41M/year. HEC provides RAS training to ~150 engineers in annually and ~100,000 worldwide downloads/year NWS, NRCS, USGS and FHWA adopted RAS for 1D River Hydraulics. 80% of FEMA Floodplain/Floodway analyses are performed with HEC-RAS Sediment Water Quality Modeling Levee Failures River Modeling Hydraulic Structures Floodplain Mapping

16 Ohio and Mississippi Rivers April/May 2011 HEC-RAS (River Analysis System)

17 HEC-RAS Mapper

18 HEC-RAS Mapper 18

19 Reservoir Operations with HEC-ResSim Simulates reservoir operations throughout a river basin given streamflows and reservoir operating rules and computes downstream hydrographs. Uses reservoir inflow and downstream local hydrographs computed by HEC-HMS. The impact of the hydrographs are then evaluated with HEC- RAS and HEC-FIA.

20 HEC-FDA Flood Damage Reduction Analysis Plan Evaluation and Plan Formulation Tool Helps answer the question "Which proposed flood damage reduction plan is the best from an economic standpoint"? Evaluate the existing condition Analyze alternative damage reduction plans Compare plans using Expected Annual Damage and damage reduction benefits Since 1996, FDA uses risk analysis procedures

21 Economic / Impact Analysis with HEC-FIA Computes damages to structures and other contents of the floodplain (including agricultural) given river stages and damage relationships. Computes damages and benefits between different scenarios, and with and without project conditions.

22 CWMS / HEC-RTS Corps Water Management System Real-Time Simulation Real-Time Decision Support for Water Management 700+ Multipurpose Reservoirs and Flow Control Structures, thousands of Real-Time Fully Integrated Hydrologic Models miles of Levees To achieve the full range of authorized purposes from all of our projects Floods to droughts and everything in between Weather Radar Operational Decisions Inundation Forecasts Streamgages

23 CWMS / RTS Process Observed Data Field Office SERVERS Data Processing Data Storage Modeling Weather Forecast Public and Cooperators Instructions Water Control Management Decisions

24 Model Linking HEC-HMS computes forecasted flows from Observed precipitation from NEXRAD and rain gages Future precipitation forecasts and scenarios Observed flow ResSim simulates reservoir operations and downstream flows from HEC-HMS flows. HEC-RAS computes stages and inundation areas from ResSim flows. FIA computes damages and impacts from HEC-RAS stages or ResSim flows. Inundation areas and depths computed by RAS Mapper NEXRAD Observed Precipitation FIA Flow MFP HMS ResSim Stage Observed & Future Precipitation Flow GageInterp Observed Precipitation Flow Inundation Map RAS

25 HEC-RTS vs. CWMS HEC-RTS CWMS Real-Time Simulation Corps Water Management System PC Database Server Database HEC-DSS Oracle Database

26 CWMS Opportunities Emergency planning & response Project evaluation (new projects, alternative projects, modified regulation) Post-event analyses (benefits) Floodplain studies USACE Infrastructure Strategy Dam and Levee Safety Program

27 HEC-WAT Watershed Analysis Tool An overarching interface that allows the PDT to perform water resources studies in a comprehensive, systems based approach by building, editing and running models commonly applied by multidisciplinary teams and save and display data and results in a coordinated fashion. 27

28 Development of HEC-WAT Schematic Stream Alignment Consequence Areas CCPs Reservoirs 28

29 Development of HEC-WAT Model ResSim Models FIA Models RAS Models 29

30 HEC-WAT Result Comparison 30

31 Typical HEC International Assistance Off-The-Shelf-Training Most common and cost effective form of outreach; two or more staff members present technical materials and conduct hands-on workshops regarding the HEC product suite. Consulting/Capacity Building HEC engineers work together with participants to build models of their water resource projects and systems, and assist in the analysis of results. Usually combined with training based on customized materials, and costs more due to planning and customization efforts. Technical staff exchanges Foster long-term relationships hosting groups for up to 1-2 weeks, or individuals for months; flexible approach to depth and breadth of interactions with HEC staff or regional partners. Collaborations HEC can partner with other groups or government agencies, such as USGS or USBR, to more comprehensively address a full range of water resource engineering needs.

32 International Efforts in Africa Nairobi, Kenya Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

33 Mekong River Commission, Phnom Penh, Cambodia University of Nairobi, Kenya Ministry of Water, Kabul, Afghanistan ITAIPU, Asuncion, Paraguay

34 Questions? USACE CEIWR-HEC

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