Advanced Fuel Cell Technology for Co-Production of Electric Power and Carboxylic Acids Using Coal-Derived Alcohols

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1 Advanced Fuel Cell Technology for Co-Production of Electric Power and Carboxylic Acids Using Coal-Derived Alcohols Advent of the practical coal-fired fuel cell John M. Pope, Ph.D. Chairman NDC Power Cheyenne, Wyoming 1

2 Overview Zero-carbon power from coal Technical advances in fuel cells have enabled a new class of fuel cells Syngas can be produced from coal Alcohol can be produced from syngas NDC has developed a practical direct alcohol fuel cell This fuel cell consumes alcohol and produces electricity and carboxylic acids It produces no carbon dioxide NDC is now in low rate initial production of small units NDC is now scaling the fuel cell systems to meet utility needs Fuel Cells are inherently more efficient than heat engines 2

3 Eos Technology Conventional Electric Power Generation Heat engines are subject to significant thermodynamic limitations on their efficiencies Use of carbon-based fuels requires some form of combustion to produce thermal energy for heat engines such as turbines Combustion is the root cause of carbon dioxide production Best case for heat engines may approach 60% total system efficiency Fuel cells offer prospect of much better total system efficiency Combined heat and power (CHP) system efficiencies may approach 90% for some fuel cell systems Fuel Cells are inherently more efficient than heat engines 3

4 Eos Process Technology Conventional Fuel Cells Water & CO 2 O 2 (Air) Ions Hydrogen or Syngas Examples Molten Carbonate, Phosphoric Acid, PEM, Alkaline, SOFC 4

5 Eos Technology Conventional Fuel Cells The intrinsic efficiency of fuel cells has yet to be converted to an operating or cost advantage over heat engines Conventional fuel cell capital costs are at least 10x greater than turbines Conventional fuel cell operating costs are very high Total system efficiencies are comparable to or less than stateof-the-art combined cycle plants Require extensive purification of feedstock % pure hydrogen required Less than 1 ppm sulfur Require steady state operating conditions and are difficult to use for peak shaving Conventional fuel cells are not yet cost effective 5

6 Eos Technology Conventional Fuel Cells Conventional fuel cells produce carbon dioxide directly or during production of the fuel 97% of hydrogen production from steam reforming petroleum Steam reforming produces more CO 2 per kw than directly burning the petroleum Syngas feedstock produces CO 2 directly in SOFC fuel cells Conventional fuel cells also produce significant amounts of carbon dioxide 6

7 Eos Technology Eos Advanced Alkaline Fuel Cells NDCPower has developed Eos - a new class of advanced alkaline fuel cells that operate using primary alcohol feedstock Utilizes any primary alcohol or mixed alcohol feedstock Ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol. Robust up to 100 ppm sulfur in feedstock Can use alcohols produced from syngas using molydisulfide catalysts Produces carboxylic acids at 100% yield. Zero carbon dioxide is produced by Eos fuel cells Operates at low temperatures (~100ºC) and ambient pressures Electrical conversion efficiencies well in excess of 50% per ASTM standards Eos the only electric power generation technology that produces no CO 2 from carbon-based feedstock 7

8 Eos Process Technology Innovative Electric Power Carboxylic Acid O 2 (Air) Small carboxylic acids Acetic acid Formic acid Alcohol + Electrolyte OH - Chemical conversion O R-C-OH R-C-OH EOS Fuel Cell Technology Electric Power + Commodity Chemicals + Zero CO 8 2

9 Eos Technology Eos Advanced Alkaline Fuel Cells Eos technology is cost competitive with steam turbines New class of alkaline fuel cells that eliminates platinum catalysts and permselective membranes Low temperature and pressure operation Simplified physical plant Improved operating lifetimes Reduced maintenance costs Scalable installation Small modules allow scaling from 100kW to >100MW Modules allow hot swap maintenance Eos cost effective and scalable electric power generation 9

10 Eos Technology Eos Advanced Alkaline Fuel Cells Eos technology also offers significant new capabilities Requires zero start-up and shut-down time. Allows instant peak power support Allows scaling of power output to demand Uses a storable liquid feedstock Alcohol production can be optimized at steady state Alcohol can be stored for peak demand use Alcohol can be shipped to installations near loads/markets Eos provides instant on/off capability 10

11 Eos Technology Eos Advanced Alkaline Fuel Cells Eos technology produces carboxylic acid products instead of CO 2 Primary alcohols in feedstock converted into carboxylic acids and electric power Ethanol converted into acetic acid Methanol converted into formic acid Carboxylic acid yield is quantitative Simplified isolation and purification Most cost effective technology for producing carboxylic acids Markets for carboxylic acids are large and growing ~1MM metric tons/yr formic acid/formate globally ~5MM metric tons/yr acetic acid/acetate globally Eos produces salable commodity chemical products 11

12 Eos Manufacturing Eos Advanced Alkaline Fuel Cells Small scale units are now in low rate initial production Pilot-scale Manufacturing Facility: Highly Automated Exponential ramp in production output Modular/scalable Statistical Quality Control Manufacturing is sited in Cheyenne, Wyoming 12

13 For both military and commercial customers Eos Manufacturing Eos Advanced Alkaline Fuel Cells Manufacturing is sited in Cheyenne, Wyoming 13

14 Eos Technology Eos Advanced Alkaline Fuel Cells Eos technology can be integrated into coal-fired electric power plants Production of commodity chemicals introduces significant new economic paradigm Eos eliminates CO 2 production from coal-fired power plants Eos process modeled for 1000 tpd 80% bituminous coal plant 82% more electric power Significant revenue stream from commodity chemicals 14

15 EOS Technology Clean Coal Example Process Schematic 1,000 tpd Bituminous Coal Feedstock 1,457 tpd Carboxylic Acid Products 60% CO 2 Capture as Carboxylic Acid Products 160 MW Power Sizing MoS 2 Alcohol Process 273 tpd water consumption 16 MW Parasitic Load Zero net CO 2 emission 80% Carbon Bituminous Coal 15

16 EOS Technology Economic Comparison Coal-fired Steam Plant 2.2 MWh Electric Power - Value ~$90 Over 2 tons of CO 2 Produced - Stoichiometric 80% carbon is 2.9 tons CO 2 Coal-fired Fuel Cell Plant 3.3 MWh Electric Power - Value ~$130 About 1 ton CO 2 Produced - Remaining carbon captured as carboxylic acid products - Pure CO 2 stream - CO 2 used in processing ~1.4 ton of carboxylic acids produced - Value $880 to $1,900 Per Ton of 80% Carbon Bituminous Coal 16

17 Overview Zero-carbon power from coal Coal-fired fuel cells have substantial benefits over combustion 50% more power per ton of coal 1500% more return on capital No net CO 2 output Fuel Cells are inherently more efficient than heat engines 17

18 Overview Zero-carbon power from coal Technical advances in fuel cells have enabled a new class of fuel cells Syngas can be produced from coal Alcohol can be produced from syngas NDC has developed a practical direct alcohol fuel cell This fuel cell consumes alcohol and produces electricity and carboxylic acids It produces no carbon dioxide NDC is now in low rate initial production of small units NDC is now scaling the fuel cell systems to meet utility needs Fuel Cells are inherently more efficient than heat engines 18

19 Contact Information