Introduction. ECEN 2060 Lecture 1 Fall 2010

Transcription

1 Introduction ECEN 2060 Lecture 1 Fall 2010

2 Instructor Dragan Maksimovic ECOT 346, , 4863 Office hours: W 1-2pm, R 9-11am 2

3 Course WEB site ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen2060 Check the course web site frequently! Fall 2010 Announcements Course syllabus and vitals Course calendar Lecture topics and links to supplementary course materials Due dates, exam schedule Assignments and solutions Reference library HW and exam scores will be posted on CULearn 3

4 Energy and Power Energy: amount of work that can be performed by a force Various forms: potential, kinetic, chemical, electrochemical, electromagnetic, nuclear, thermal, Unit: Joule [J] = Watt [W] x second [s] 1 kwh = 1000 Watts x 3600 seconds = 3.6 million Joules Power: rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted Unit: Watt [W] Electric power: voltage [Volts] x current [Amps] Example: Human (adult) Daily energy intake (as food): 8 MJ = 2.2 kwh Average power: 2.2 kwh/24 h = 93 W 4

5 World Energy Consumption and Electricity Generation html BTU = British thermal unit (traditional unit of energy), amount of energy needed to heat 1 pound of water by 1 o F 1 BTU = 1055 J = (1055/3600) Wh = Wh 5

6 Energy Conversions Laws of thermodynamics: Energy conversions are possible, but losses (as thermal energy or heat) are inevitable Chemical (e.g. fossil Loss Loss fuels) Heat Kinetic Nuclear Loss Kinetic (hydro, wind) Electromagnetic (light) Loss Electricity Easy to transmit and easy to use for a wide range of purposes Do something useful 6

7 US Electric Power System Inexpensive (about 10 /kwh) Taken for granted 7

8 Problems for 21 st Century Engineers 8

9 Problems for 21 st Century Engineers A coal power plant Peak Coal Worldwide possible coal production TOE = Ton (1000 kg) of Oil Equivalent 1 TOE = 40 Million BTU = 42 GJ 9

10 Problems for 21 st Century Engineers Transportation accounts for 28% of the total energy consumption in the U.S. 93% of this energy comes from oil Peak Oil 10

11 Growing Interest in Energy Engineering Environmental and climate change concerns Energy independence goals A new frontier in Engineering: challenging problems, opportunities for innovation, entrepreneurship, and rewarding careers 11

12 Growing Interest in Energy Engineering Environmental and climate change concerns Energy independence goals A new frontier in Engineering: challenging problems, opportunities for innovation, entrepreneurship, and rewarding careers 9,212 solar panels, 1,600 kw solar power system at the Google campus, Mountain View, CA 12

13 Electrical Energy Engineering In the late 19 th century Electrical Engineering started the revolution in generation, transmission and distribution of Electric Power Nikola Tesla Tesla s polyphase ac power distribution, and motors/generators based on rotating magnetic field In the 20 th century, Electrical Engineering revolutionized Communication and Computing William Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain Transistor, Bell Labs, Dec quad-core processor, more than 500 million transistors Electrical Engineering g is now at the core of many existing and emerging green energy technologies 13

14 ECEN 2060 Objectives and Outline Introduction to Electrical l Energy Engineering i Improve generation Reduce consumption Renewable Energy Sources Photovoltaic power systems Wind power systems Transmission, Distribution, Conversion and Storage Energy Efficiency Energy efficient lighting Drives in hybrid and electric vehicles Understanding of electrical engineering fundamentals in renewable sources and energy efficient systems Practical knowledge of engineering i design issues in system examples Background and motivation for follow-up studies 14

15 Course Outline Introduction to electric power system Photovoltaic (PV) power systems Energy efficient lighting Wind power systems Hybrid and electric vehicles 15

16 Electric Power System Overview based on Textbook Chapter 3 Electrical energy generation, consumption and cost statistics US power grids, generation, transmission and distribution 16

17 Photovoltaic Power Systems The solar resource Physics, characteristics and models of solar cells, modules and arrays Grid-connected PV systems Stand-alone PV systems Textbook Chapter 8 and 9, with selected materials from Chapter 7 covered as needed d Additional materials on Power electronic converters Component and system simulations using MATLAB/Simulink 17

18 PV Topics: Technology and Models PV cell physics and efficiency limits PV cell characteristic and electrical model Models of PV modules and arrays Impact of temperature and shading Simulation models and simulation examples Thin-film PV 18

19 PV Topics: Grid-Connected PV Systems Introduction to power electronics: switched- mode DC-DC power converters and DC-AC inverters: operation, characteristics ac cs and efficiency modeling Maximum power point (MPP) tracking Design and simulation of grid-connected PV systems Grid-connected PV system economics + PV DC output V PV _ Electronic switches 240 V ac grid MPP and DC-AC inverter controller 19

20 PV Topics: Stand-Alone PV Systems Energy storage: battery characteristics and models Power electronics DC-DC charge controller DC-AC inverter Design, simulations and economics of stand-alone alone PV systems 20

21 Electrical Energy Efficiency Key energy efficiency opportunities Lighting Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems Power for fast-growing computing and communication infrastructure t 21

22 Energy Efficient Lighting Efficacy of various lighting technologies Electric discharge lamps: the need for ballasts Operation and design of electronic ballasts Trends in solid-state (LED) lighting 22

23 Wind Power Systems Textbook Chapter 6 and additional notes Power in the wind and efficiency limits Wind turbines Constant-speed speed operation Variable-speed operation Wind turbine electrical systems 3-phase generators 3-phase power electronics: rectifiers and inverters Simulations of wind turbine system examples 23

24 Wind Power Systems Constant-speed operation: maximum power only at one particular wind speed Variable-speed operation: improved wind energy harvesting, system robustness, and utility interface 24

25 Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Architectures of hybrid vehicle power trains Operation and efficiency modeling of system components Internal combustion engine Permanent magnet synchronous motors/generators 3-phase power electronics: rectifiers/inverters Batteries Design and simulation of hybrid and all-electric power trains 25

26 Assignments and grading policy Weekly homework assignments: 36% Policy: you are encouraged to collaborate with other students taking the class, but copying someone else s work is not allowed Two midterm exams: 18% each Policy: timed class-period exams, closed-book, you are allowed to use one page of notes, no collaboration is allowed Final exam (comprehensive): 28% Policy: timed 2.5-hour exam, closed-book, you are allowed to use one page of notes, no collaboration is allowed 26

27 Textbook Textbook and Course Notes G.M.Masters, Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems, Wiley 2004 Additional course notes on the course website Simulations using MATLAB/Simulink MATLAB/Simulink available in all Engineering computing labs, ECEE power lab (ECEE 1B65) and ECEE Circuits it Lab (ECEE 281A) 27

28 Prerequisites PHYS2020 General Physics 2, or equivalent, or corequisite ECEN2250 Intro to Circuits & Electronics Basic circuit analysis, R, L, C, transformers, voltage and current sources Power and energy in electrical circuits Will review as needed Reading assignment (due Friday August 20) Textbook Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 (Sections ) 27) 28