Diffusion Analysis of Biogas for Cooking in rural Households
|
|
- Bertina Ray
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 118 5 Diffusion Analysis of Biogas for Cooking in rural Households 5.1. Overview Biogas technology promotion assumes significance due to its multiple environmental, economic and social benefits for rural people. Biogas plants provide clean and convenient fuel for cooking and lighting; enriched organic manure for use in agricultural fields and reduce the drudgery and improve health of women in rural areas (MNRE, 2007; Ravindranath et al, 2000). A brief history of biogas development in India is included in Appendix 5.1. (Table A5.1.1). A national level programme was designed by MNRE to tap an estimated total potential of 12 million biogas plants. Alternate estimates of family-type biogas potential are available from both the official and non-official sources, which vary from 12 million to 22 million family type plants in the country based on cattle wastes and ownership pattern of livestock (Planning Commission, 2002). The cumulative installation of biogas plants in India is 3.9 million in 2007, which is approximately 32% of the estimated potential of 12 million. Three States Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh have a biogas potential of over 1 million. However, the penetration levels are 39%, 17%, 21% respectively. Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Mizoram and Sikkim have achieved penetration levels of 70% and above. It is also observed that States with lower biogas potential have achieved higher penetration levels. Figure 5.1 indicates the State wise potential and achievements. Table A5.1.2 also gives biogas penetration levels by States. The diffusion of biogas plants is mainly driven by MNRE through its own institutional network. Some NGOs and private players also participate in the programme implementation.
2 119 Figure 5. 1: State wise biogas potential and cumulative achievements up to March 2007 (in numbers) Cumulative Achievements Estimated Potential Cumulative Achievement AP Arunachal Assam Bihar Goa Gujrat Haryana Himachal J & K karnataka Kerala MP Mahara Manipur Meghal Mizoram Nagaland Orrisa Punjab Rajesthan Sikkim Tamilna Tripura UP West A&N Chandig Dadra & Delhi Pondich Chattisg Jharkha Uttaran Policy initiatives The national policies to promote biogas mainly stem from rural energy and development policies. Biogas had been promoted by MNRE since 1980s. The NPBD was launched as a central sector scheme with additional subsidy being provided by some of the states to promote the programme. Table 5.1 gives the budgetary allocation for biogas sector. A major part of this central allocation normally goes for capital subsidy of biogas plants. Table 5.2 provides the pattern of central subsidy for setting up of Plants from onwards. The Table gives subsidies for 2-3 m 3 capacity plants (which are the most commonly installed capacities. There are also special privileges for poor, marginal farmers, North Eastern States and certain other categories. The amount of subsidy has largely been same although in percentage terms, it has declined from 25-35% in 1990 to 15% in The increase in subsidy to Rs for 1 m 3 plant and Rs. 27oo for 2 6 m 3 plant has led to increase in the share of subsidy to 30% of the capital cost of a typical 1 3 m 3 biogas plant.
3 120 Table 5. 1 Five-Year Plan outlay for biogas sector (in Million Indian Rs.) Sectors Total Allocation Biogas % of total for RE Source: Five Year Plans of Government of India
4 121 Table 5. 2 Capital subsidy for biogas plants (in Rs.) Year Rs. (for 2 m 3 per day capacity) Rs. (for 3 m 3 per day capacity) (NMMP) Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Source: MNRE Annual Reports
5 122 Although some States provide additional subsidies, it is mostly integrated through other rural development schemes and are not targeting biogas alone. The coordination of the programme at the district level is critical for mobilizing such additional State funds. Household loans are available but only few access loans for biogas plants. Usually, even if a household takes a loan from local commercial bank, which is refinanced by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), the experience is that since biogas plant by itself do not yield higher incomes, the defaults in repayment of debt to the bank are very high (as per NABARD). Also, it is difficult to recover loans for various political and social reasons. The elements of the National Biogas Development programme (NPBD) capital subsidy, cash incentives and training and support are briefly discussed below. Setting up of target by MNRE is central to the NPBD implementation and is based on past performance of physical targets vs. achievements, fund availability and demand. Usually, efforts are made to achieve or exceed the targets as the budget allocation is influenced by the actual achievements. It is observed that the diffusion trend is closely linked to the targets (Figure 5.2). The gap between the targets and achievements has however gradually widened over the years. Although the reasons are not well documented, evaluation indicates that the non-performance of plants and lack of effective marketing could be reasons for shortfalls in achievements. It could be also due to high target fixation and rising costs of the biogas plants without corresponding increase in subsidy.
6 123 Figure 5. 2 Diffusion of biogas in India over 25 years ( ) MW Actual Target YEAR The institutional framework which is a multi tier and multi agency structure comprises mainly the nodal departments in the States, State sector corporations, departments and NGOs. There are a few enterprises which operate on a commercial basis. The agencies are also required to monitor and supervise construction, operation and disbursement of subsidy as per monitoring and supervision guidelines given by MNRE. In order to have better monitoring and supervision, MNRE carries out independent evaluation of the projects from time to time and involve Panchayat level officials for verification of subsidy. Cash incentives, turnkey fees and promotional support are the key components of engaging these agencies and individuals. MNRE allocates funds for training, research and development. The allocation for R & D, however, has been meager (2% of programme funds). There are nine biogas training centres. These centres conduct four types of training programmes for masons, turnkey workers, staff engaged in biogas development and the users, against the target assigned by MNES annually. These training programmes are assessed in terms of the number of trainings and personnel trained. In India several types of biogas plant designs have been developed. The two most widely used are the floating drum (KVIC design) and fixed dome (modified
7 124 Chinese design), which are approved by MNRE along with some more models. The share of the fixed dome plant is significantly higher due to its low cost and relative ease of maintenance. However, the subsidy is not linked to any specific model but to capacity, location and target users.the majority of biogas plants are built by masons in collaboration with the officer or inspector at the Block Development Office and the actual user. The programme is now implemented as National Manure Management Programme (NMMP), modified scheme of NPBD. However, most of the above elements of NPBD remain same Approach to biogas diffusion analysis The biogas programme is implemented nationally all over India. Even during this phase of liberalisation of India s economy, biogas remained as a socially oriented subsidy-driven programme of the government of India. Since the programme is completely run by the government machinery, it is realised that the regional variation, cultural factors and socioeconomic characteristics of households impact the diffusion. Five States are selected regionally (north, east, west south and central) based on potential and penetration levels for detailed analysis of diffusion of biogas plants. The period of diffusion has been considered from , when significant share of biogas plants were installed. The States selected for detailed analysis include UP with highest potential of 1.93 million biogas plant but at 21% penetration levels followed by West Bengal with 39% penetration levels in the Eastern region, Maharashtra with 70%, Karnataka with 58% and MP with 17%. Table 5.3 summarises the potential and penetration levels.
8 125 Table 5. 3 Select states for biogas diffusion analysis Region/States Northern Region Potential (in Numbers) Penetration levels in Installed as % of potential Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Eastern Region West Bengal Orissa Bihar Western Region Gujarat Maharashtra Southern Region Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Central Region Madhya Pradesh (MP) Source: MNRE Annual Reports 5.2. Biogas diffusion curves and Best Curve Fits As per the methodology described in Chapter 3, diffusion curves are drawn and best fit using numerical method for reference values are attempted for subsequent optimisation for the actual given potential. The reference values obtained directly from the model equation for observed installation of biogas are not valid. For example, in the case of West Bengal, p = Due to negative values of p, minimization of Sum of Squares of Error (SSE) Sum of Squares has
9 126 been done through the use of an algorithm which computes the SSE for a range of values of the diffusion coefficients within the boundary conditions fixed m and positive p and q values. The Best Fit for the Optimum values using the same model equation is used for analysis of biogas diffusion in the selected States. The analysis for each of the State follows Karnataka Karnataka falls in the southern region and has actively implemented biogas programmes since The diffusion trend observed from 1992 onwards is given in Figure 5.3. It has achieved 58% of the estimated potential. The projections indicated in Figure 5.4 shows that biogas diffusion is in the growth phase although the growth is predetermined by the targets. At this rate, the potential could be realised by the year The initial installation N 0 at t =t 0 is Figure 5. 3 Observed cumulative biogas plant installations in Karnataka (in Nos.) Year(s)
10 127 Figure 5. 4 Biogas plant diffusion in Karnataka Best Fit for p=0.011, q=0.12, m= in numbers Observed Fitted YEAR Maharashtra The State has achieved 82% of the estimated potential. The initial installation given by N 0 at t =t 0 is biogas plants. The projections based on computed p and q values show that biogas is already in high growth phase and will decline in the coming years. The realisation of the balance 18% assuming no replacement or additional demand will take another years. Please refer Figures 5.5 and 5.6 show the cumulative numbers and model based estimates.
11 128 Figure 5. 5: Observed cumulative biogas plant installations in Maharashtra (in Nos.) Observed Year(s) Figure 5. 6 Biogas plant diffusion in Maharashtra Best Fit for p=0.02, q=0.07, m= in numbers Observed Fitted YEAR
12 Madhya Pradesh The State has achieved 17% of the estimated potential. It is observed that the diffusion is in the initial stages. The initial installation given by N 0 at t =t 0 is 44,104 biogas plants. The projections indicate that the potential will be realised only by the end of this century. Please see Figures 5.7 and 5.8. Figure 5. 7 Observed cumulative biogas plant installations in Madhya Pradesh Cumulative Installed biogas plants (in Nos.) Year(s)
13 130 Figure 5.8 Biogas plant diffusion in Madhya Pradesh Best Fit for p=0.01, q=0.024, m= in numbers Observed Fitted Uttar Pradesh Year Figure 5.9 gives the observed biogas diffusion trend in the State of UP. Figure 5.10 presents the projections of the diffusion curve based on the optimised values for the estimated potential. In UP, it is observed that the growth in biogas installations which is predetermined based on the targets set by the Government is still at the early stages of diffusion. The initial installation up to 1991 is estimated to be 210,283. The State will need another 50 to 60 years to realise full potential assuming the existing pattern of diffusion.
14 131 Figure 5. 9 Observed cumulative biogas plant installations in Uttar Pradesh ( in Nos.) Year(s) Figure Biogas plant diffusion in Uttar Pradesh Best Fit for p=0.002, q=0.099, m= ) in numbers Observed Fitted YEAR
15 West Bengal The State has achieved 39% of the estimated potential. The initial installation given by N 0 at t =t 0 is biogas plants, which is the number of biogas plants installed up to the year Figure 5.11 gives the observed cumulative biogas plant installations. From the diffusion curve shown in Figure 5.12, it can be seen that the biogas diffusion has entered the growth phase. The projections again indicate at least another 30 years to achieve significant potential realisation. Figure Observed cumulative biogas plant installations in West Bengal ( in Nos.) Year(s)
16 133 Figure Biogas plant diffusion in West Bengal Best Fit for p=0.007, q=0.1, m= in numbers Observed Fitted Year 5.3. Interpretation of diffusion parameters The value of p is highest for Maharashtra at and lowest for the State of Uttar Pradesh at Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal with p values at 0.011, 0.01 and are in a close range. Except for Madhya Pradesh, all other States have similar q values. q is highest for Karnataka and lowest for Madhya Pradesh. But, it can be seen that the values of p and q in general are low. In order to make effective comparison, t* is computed. As outlined in Chapter 3, the value of (1/m)(dN/dt) at t* have also been computed for comparison. Maharashtra has the lowest t* as compared to other States. A higher value of N 0 influences the diffusion rate. From the model results, it can be interpreted that despite the programme completely driven by the government, the parameters of diffusion are different indicating that conditions and policies at the State levels have an influence on the diffusion. Table 5.4 summarises the different parameter values obtained for biogas diffusion in different States.
17 134 Table 5. 4 Summary of diffusion parameters optimized for the given potential State/Country Given Potential (m) Assumed N0 up to 1991 N0/m P q t* dn(t)/dt at t* (dn/dt)/m at t* Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Note: Assumed based on the targets wherever cumulative data was unavailable Identifying select set of indicators (based on key policy and non policy factors) As can be seen from the results above, different States have different p and q values. The policy push factors include: 1) The central subsidy, cash incentives, etc. 2) Land availability; landholdings and ownership influences installation of biogas plants at the households level. 3) Institutional capacity: Capacity at the institutional mechanisms at the State level and their support; the availability of technical staff, trained masons and other repair infrastructure influence the performance and acceptance of the biogas systems. Also, the targets are achieved in States which have active nodal agencies, NGOs and Departments. 4) Alternative options such LPG, fuel wood, etc. Although the penetration rate of LPG is lower, rural households use mixed fuels to meet their various energy needs and usually all options such as fuel wood, kerosene and LPG are used as per costs and convenience. 5) Water availability; a critical input for sustained operation of biogas plants. Many parts of rural areas are prone to drought conditions and the overall water availability is also decreasing. Also, the average size of households and cattle also influence the cooking fuel usage patterns.
18 135 6) Institutional financing: Finance has been mainly provided through the refinancing schemes of NABARD to the national banks. The cost benefit analysis made by NABARD based on an approved model by MNRE estimates a net annual income of approximately Rs. 2300/- on a capital investment of Rs /-. NABARD s funding to biogas projects is shown as others that also include financing for Storage/Market Yards, Forestry/Waste Land Development, RIDF, Bullock and Bullock Carts, Bio- gas and credit flow through Private sector commercial banks for which sector-wise break-up is not available and this constitutes approx. 20% of the total term loan for agriculture and allied activities Estimation of weights for different diffusion factors and development of Composite Policy Index (CPI). The weights for the identified factors are determined based on literature review and data available from Census and Evaluation Reports. The main policy led factors comprise of: 1) Water availability 2) Land availability 3) Alternate fuel availability (LPG penetration rates) 4) Institutional capacity 5) Central and additional State Subsidy 6) Institutional financing
19 136 Table 5. 5 Estimation of weights Total Weight water availability land availability Alternative fuels institutional capacity Additional subsidy Institutional financing Total 62 The identified factors are quantified as follows: 1) Water and land availability were assessed through the relevant development indicators and Census data 2) LPG penetration rates are indicative of the access to better fuels and influence households to opt for biogas plants. It is seen in many villages that the biogas plants owners also have access to LPG, which they use as a standby and fuel wood for water heating etc. 3) Institutional capacity is measured as a percentage of non functional plants in the State 4) Capital subsidy; additional subsidy by the State or incentives as per information available and discussions with experts. 5) Institutional financing (NABARD schemes) Actual inputs to the CPI and computations are provided in Appendix A.2. Table A5.2.1 shows the basis of measure for key diffusion factors. The policies and implementation of biogas programme are reviewed based on the identified factors and multiplied by the weights determined to obtain the score. Table 5.6 gives a summary of the ranking for different States. Except for Uttar Pradesh, the scores are similar. However, the actual performance of the States is very different.
20 137 Table 5. 6 : State - Level Policy Ranking (CPI) for biogas sector development Kar Maha UP MP WB 1. Land availability Rank Water availability Rank Alternate fuels Rank Institutional capacity Rank Capital subsidy Rank Institutional financing Rank Overall Rank Significance of the above parameters The parameters p, q, t*, dn/dt at t*, NGRTI are examined for their correlation with the ranking of the policies based on CPI. The value of the CPI provide ranking in the expected manner but the values for three States with distinct differences in biogas penetration levels score in the range The scores do not reflect the highest level of penetration levels in Maharashtra at 82% of the estimated potential. Karnataka and West Bengal have penetration levels significantly lower than Maharashtra at 58 and 39 % respectively. Although the diffusion trend is driven by targets, these States are in different growth phases as the targets are predominantly based on the past performance. Figures 5.13 and 5.14 show the correlation between t* and CPI based rank and NGRTI.
21 138 Figure t* vs. CPI (rank) t* CPI based Rank Figure t* vs. NGRTI t* NGRTI (%)
22 139 Thus, biogas diffusion seems to be influenced by factors other than the usual policy push factors identified above. Based on further analysis, the following factors are identified to have influence on biogas diffusion: 1) Socioeconomic conditions of the households: The socio-economic background of the households among other things is considered as an important factor to influence decisions making for adoption of biogas. Since the financial support extended by the government to the beneficiaries in the form of subsidy is restricted to hardly percent of the cost of a plant for different categories of beneficiaries, a major share of the cost is raised through own resources or private/institutional borrowing, the economic background of the beneficiaries is invariably referred before making a final choice. Thus, household income is an important factor for diffusion. This also closely linked with other factors such as land holding patterns. Most poor in rural areas do not own land which is a key input for biogas installations. 2) The culture of cooking and openness for new fuel options vary regionally. Some of the northern states are found lagging in adoption of biogas plants as compared to western or southern States. 3) Changes in livestock; most evaluation reports mention about the changing livestock cattle, goat etc. in villages. These are affected by natural calamities, weather conditions and income. The above factors are used again to compute the CPI to assess the significance of the values. It is found that although the order of ranking does not change much, the values obtained based on socio economic conditions, cultural factors and livestock changes bring out significant difference in values and further signifying the impacts of these factors on biogas diffusion. Table A 5.2.2, Table A (a and b), Table A (a and b), Table A (a and b) and Table A (a and b) shows the values (for both policy and non policy driven factors )computed for the five States Table 5.7 summarises the CPI values estimated for different States. Maharashtra with score of 0.98 is highest followed by Karnataka. The estimate for West Bengal is also higher as compared Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
23 140 Table 5. 7 Summary of CPI and ranking for biogas CPI Karnataka Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh West Bengal Policy factors Rank Non -policy Rank Diffusion analysis of biogas shows that the policy driven factors alone are not adequate to accelerate adoption. The States with better socioeconomic conditions and culturally progressive are perhaps adopting new technologies such as biogas plants faster. The regional variation due to diversity (resources, capacity) seems to impact on biogas diffusion.
24 141 Appendix 5. 1 Table A : Biogas development in India - a Historical Perspective 1897 Biogas from human waste utilized to meet lighting needs at the Matunga Leper Asylum, Bombay 1939 Principal of biogas production from cattle dung was first evolved at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, new Delhi 1951 Field- worthy model of floating drum type biogas plant developed 1961 Khadi and village Industries Commission (KVIC) took up floating drums type biogas plant for extention In 12 Years only about 7000 Biogas plants could be built During this period of 7 years about 100,000 biogas plants were built 1979 Fixed dome janta model biogas plant developed by the Biogas Research Station, Ajitmal, Etawa, UP late 1980's UASB (Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) Technology developed for medium and large size biogas plant for processing urban and industrial biogas wastes National project for Biogas Development (NPBD) to cater to family size biogas plants launched 1986 Deenbandhu model fixed dome biogas plant developed by Action for food production (AFPRO), New Delhi 1988 Community/ Institutional biogas programme launched 1988 BIS standard adopted for biogas burners BIS standard adopted for KVIC type Pragati and Deenbhandhu with brickmasonry models of biogas plants 1990 Ferro-cement domes digester and Fibre Glass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) gas holder for floating dome type biogas plants adopted 1990's Solid state biogas plant design for Janta and Deenbandhu models developed 1995 Flexi model biogas plant made of rubberized nylon fabric approved 1995 Urban and Industrial waste based Energy Generation Programme launched 1999 Deenbandhu ferrocement model with in-situ technique adopted 2002 Prefabricated RCC based fixed Dome Krishna Model Biogas Plant developed by
25 142 Shivsadan Renewable Energy Research Institute, Sangli, Maharashtra NPBD modified and renamed as National Biogas And Manure Management Programme (NBMMP) 2007 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) material based complete prefabricated and portable Deenbandhu model biogas plant and dome taken up for field trial. HDPE based floating dome type complete biogas plants under consideration Technology getting scaled up for upgradation of biogas having 95% methane from its natural composition of %
26 143 Table A : State-wise biogas penetration levels (as on 2007) States Estimated Potential Cumulative Achievement Potential Harnessed (%) Chandigarh Dadra & Nagar A&N Islands Pondicherry Mizoram Nagaland Sikkim Arunachal Goa Delhi Meghalaya Tripura Manipur Uttaranchal Jharkhand Himachal J & K Kerala Haryana Assam Chhattisgarh Punjab Gujarat
27 144 Orissa Tamilnadu Karnataka West Bengal Bihar Maharashtra Rajasthan AP MP UP
28 145 Appendix 5. 2 Table A : Inputs to CPI development Performance of biogas plants Example : Index Value per capita income (av of 7 years ) Literacy levels/culture/ awareness; Census, 2001 LPG Penetration Rate Census, 2001 Karnataka Madhya Pradesh 76.9% in use (2002) 95% (92-93) 77.5% (2002) 79.7 % (92-93) Maharashtra 71.8 % (2002) 80.7% (92-93) Uttar Pradesh % West Bengal 95.2% (2002) 90.8% (92-93) Source: Planning Commission, 2002; MNRE Annual Report, ; Census, The above values are normalised using the highest value as 1. For. Example, West Bengal with very high performance levels scores 1 and all other values of the State are divided by 95.2% to discount performance levels relative to other States. Wherever scoring was not possible, ranking was given and normalised.
29 146 Table A a): Policy Index Karnataka Weight Score Total Water availability (Ranking) Land availability (ranking) Alternate fuel availability ( LPG penetration rates) Institutional capacity Additional subsidy Institutional financing Table A b): Non Policy Index Karnataka Weight Score Total Socioeconomic culture livestock changes
30 147 Table A a): Policy Index Maharashtra Weight Score Total Water availability (Ranking) Land availability (ranking) Alternate fuel availability ( LPG penetration rates) Institutional capacity Additional subsidy Institutional financing Table A b): Non Policy Index Maharashtra Weight Score Total Socioeconomic culture livestock changes
31 148 Table A a): Policy Index - Madhya Pradesh Weight Score Total Water availability (Ranking) Land availability (ranking) Alternate fuel availability ( LPG penetration rates) Institutional capacity Additional subsidy Institutional financing Table A b): Policy Index - Madhya Pradesh Weight Score Total Socioeconomic culture livestock changes
32 149 Table A : a) Policy Index - Uttar Pradesh Weight Score Total Water availability (Ranking) Land availability (ranking) Alternate fuel availability ( LPG penetration rates) Institutional capacity Additional subsidy Institutional financing Table A : b) Non Policy Index - Uttar Pradesh Weight Score Total Socioeconomic culture livestock changes
33 150 Table A : a) Policy Index - West Bengal Weight Score Total Water availability (Ranking) Land availability (ranking) Alternate fuel availability ( LPG penetration rates) Institutional capacity Additional subsidy Institutional financing Table A : b) Policy Index - West Bengal Weight Score Total Socioeconomic culture livestock changes
BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT. Deenbandhu biogas plant in village Batyam, District Pampupare, Arunachal Pradesh
BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT Biogas is a clean, non-polluting and low - cost fuel. It contains about 55 to 75 per cent methane, which is inflammable. Biogas can be produced from cattle dung, human waste and other
More informationForest Cover and Forest Area
Forest Cover and Forest Area Chapter 3 FOREST COVER AND FOREST AREA The term 'Forest Area' (or recorded forest area) generally refers to all the geographic areas recorded as forest in government records.
More informationSoil Health Management in India
Soil Health Management in India Soil Health Management in India Soil Health Management In order to improve the soil health of the Indian soils, gov- The nature and extent of deficiencies of nutrients in
More informationCooperative Banking : Challenges And Opportunities. By Dr. Vigneshwara Varmudy Associate Professor in Economics Vivekananda College Puttur
Cooperative Banking : Challenges And Opportunities By Dr. Vigneshwara Varmudy Associate Professor in Economics Vivekananda College Puttur The Indian cooperative sector is 109 years old. Government took
More informationMEMBERS' REFERENCE SERVICE LARRDIS LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI REFERENCE NOTE. No.56/RN/Ref./Nov/2017
MEMBERS' REFERENCE SERVICE LARRDIS LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI REFERENCE NOTE No.56/RN/Ref./Nov/2017 For the use of Members of Parliament NOT FOR PUBLICATION 1 DAIRY SECTOR: PRESENT SCENARIO AND NEW
More informationGuidelines for Implementation of fisheries Scheme under the National Mission for Protein Supplements (NMPS) in States during
Annexure-III Guidelines for Implementation of fisheries Scheme under the National Mission for Protein Supplements (NMPS) in States during 2012-13 The Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries,
More informationAppendix A. This is an appendix of the report. Fuelling the Transition
Appendix A This is an appendix of the report Fuelling the Transition from Prayas (Energy Group) and Prayas (Health Group) available at http://www.prayaspune.org/peg/publications/item/376 Amamo½, D$Om,
More informationStatus of Poverty in India A State wise Analysis
Status of Poverty in India A State wise Analysis Dr Waheeda Sunny Thomas Faculty Economics, SEMCOM, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT First millennium development goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
More informationCHRONIC POVERTY AND SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS: ANALYSIS OF CAUSES AND REMEDIES. Sukhadeo Thorat Motilal Mahamallik
WORKING PAPER CHRONIC POVERTY AND SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS: ANALYSIS OF CAUSES AND REMEDIES Sukhadeo Thorat Motilal Mahamallik Working Paper 33 CPRC-IIPA Chronic Poverty Research Centre Indian Institite
More informationInternational Journal of Advance ISSN and Applied Research (IJAAR) Impact Factor 0.899
International Journal of Advance ISSN 2347-7075 and Applied Research (IJAAR) Impact Factor 0.899 Peer Reviewed Bi-Monthly Vol.2 No.1 Sept- Oct 2014 INSTALLATION OF OFF-GRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS IN
More informationState wise analysis of RPO Regulation for Captive users
State Regulation for Captive Users Definition of renewable Energy as per the commission order Remarks Andhra Pradesh Every consumer owning a captive generating plant of installed capacity of one (1) MW
More informationFrom Rooftops to Farmtops. Augmenting India s Distributed Solar Goals through net-metered solar pumps
From Rooftops to Farmtops Augmenting India s Distributed Solar Goals through net-metered solar pumps Introduction The Government of India has recently announced a scheme for solar water pumps known as
More informationQuality of Life of People in Urban Slums in Indian States
Quality of Life of People in Urban Slums in Indian States Saravanakumar V 1, Sivapragasam C 2, Ravichandran S 3 1, 2, 3 Centre for Applied Research, Gandhigram Rural Institute Abstract: Urbanization leads
More informationREGIONAL CONVERGENCE IN AGRICULTURE GROWTH IN INDIA: A STATE LEVEL ANALYSIS
REGIONAL CONVERGENCE IN AGRICULTURE GROWTH IN INDIA: A STATE LEVEL ANALYSIS Anju Rani Research Scholar, Dept. of economics, Central University of Haryana Dr. Ranjan Aneja Head, Assistant Professor, Dept.
More informationPresent Status of MSME Statistics
The Journal of Industrial Statistics (2012), 1 (2), 269-282 269 Present Status of MSME Statistics G. Sajeevan 1, Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprise, New Delhi, India Abstract In this paper an
More informationGENERAL CROP ESTIMATION SURVEY (GCES)
GENERAL CROP ESTIMATION SURVEY (GCES) R.P. Rathi NSSO (FOD) Agricultural Statistics Wing, CGO Complex, Block-II, NH-IV, Faridabad-121 001 1. INTRODUCTION In the context of primacy of Agriculture, timely
More informationPROGRAMMES AND SCHEMES Monsoon and Crop Sowing Situation during Kharif-2012
PROGRAMMES AND SCHEMES Monsoon and Crop Sowing Situation during Kharif-2012 As per India Meteorological Department (IMD) data SW Monsoon rainfall for the country as a whole during June- September, 2012
More informationIndia Country Profile on Animal Waste Management for Methane to Markets
India Country Profile on Animal Waste Management for Methane to Markets 1. Role of Agriculture in the Indian Economy 1.1 Agriculture contributes nearly 20% of India s GDP and 11% of total exports, provides
More informationRenewable Energy. These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-h7eqmc9rq&t=41s
Renewable Energy Indian Scenario 11 th Largest Economy & 4 th Largest in Purchasing Power Potential Ahead Power Scenario in India (Installed 263.66 GW & Renewable Energy 34.35 GW) Ministry of Non-Conventional
More informationPotential Gains from Regional Cooperation and Trade of Electricity in South Asia
Potential Gains from Regional Cooperation and Trade of Electricity in South Asia Govinda R. Timilsina and Mike Toman The World Bank, Washington, DC 5 th Asian Conference of IAEE University of Western Australia
More informationCellulosic Ethanol Emerging Opportunities in India Feb 2015
Cellulosic Ethanol Emerging Opportunities in India Feb 2015 Safe Harbor Statement This presentation and its related comments contain forwardlooking statements, including financial expectations. Forward-looking
More informationSCENARIO OF GOAT SECTOR: MAHARASHTRA STATE (INDIA)
SCENARIO OF GOAT SECTOR: MAHARASHTRA STATE (INDIA) Goat keeping is spread over all parts of the state. On goat rearing approximately 48 lakhs families are engaged. Goat rearing is highly preferred occupation
More informationTrends and Patterns of Urbanization in India: A State Level Analysis
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 Volume 3 Issue 6ǁ June. 2014ǁ PP.09-17 Trends and Patterns of Urbanization in India: A
More informationGOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS Status report on implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 [for the period ending
More informationRegistered CDM Projects. (tco 2 )
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Current Status of CDM in India Basic Information(as of 1 June 2010) Project Status N. of projects CDM projects registered at CDM executive board 506 CDM projects
More informationNational Afforestation Programme (NAP) Scheme: At A Glance
National Afforestation Programme (NAP) Scheme: At A Glance (1) Background: MoEF was operating four centrally sponsored afforestation schemes during the 9 th Plan, i.e. Integrated Afforestation and Eco-development
More informationDynamics and Performance of Livestock and Poultry Sector in India: A Temporal Analysis
Volume 3, Issue 1 June 2014 1 RESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN: 2278-5213 Dynamics and Performance of Livestock and Poultry Sector in India: A Temporal Analysis M. Borah* and R.A. Halim Dept. of Agricultural Economics
More informationSMALL HYDRO PROGRAMME IN INDIA
SMALL HYDRO PROGRAMME IN INDIA Bhuwanesh Kumar Bhatt Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Hydropower represents use of water resources towards inflation free energy due to absence of fuel cost with mature
More informationOperational Land Holdings in India: Trend and Inequality Analysis ( )
Learning Community: 6(1): April 2015: 87-100 2015 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved DOI Number: 10.5958/2231-458X.2015.00008.1 5 (New 9) (P) Operational Land Holdings in India: Trend and Inequality
More information22: List of Studies Conducted by Agro-Economic Research Centres
22: List of Studies Conducted by Agro-Economic Research Centres 2006-07 1 India s Global Tea Trade Reducing Share, Declining Competitiveness. 2 Developing India s Strategic Responses to the Global Debate
More informationManpower in Mining Some Reflections
Manpower in Mining Some Reflections Employment has been the biggest challenge for a country as diverse and as vast as India. The rural hinterland is a hub of diverse resources including variety of minerals.
More informationDraft Document on Structure and Tasks of State Health Agency for Implementing PMRSSM in Trust Mode
Draft Document on Structure and Tasks of State Health Agency for Implementing PMRSSM in Trust Mode In order to facilitate the effective implementation of the PMRSSM, the State Government shall set up the
More informationProcurement and transportation of breeding stock: 300 Rs
Annexure-IV Guidelines for Implementation of Pig Development scheme under the national Mission for Protein Supplements (NMPS) in States during 2012-13 The Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries,
More information(i) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS Status report on implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 [for the period ending
More informatione-kranti: National e-governance Plan 2.0 Next Wave in e-governance
e-kranti: National e-governance Plan 2.0 Next Wave in e-governance Transforming e-governance for Transforming Governance Vinay Thakur Director, NeGD Department of Electronics and Information Technology
More informationGOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2282 TO BE ANSWERED ON
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2282 TO BE ANSWERED ON 29.11.2016 Common Effluent Treatment Plants 2282. DR. C.GOPALAKRISHNAN: PROF.
More informationGovernment of India Ministry of Tribal Affairs
Government of India Ministry of Tribal Affairs Status report on implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 [for the period ending
More information+91-8079450188 Patel Material Handling Equipment http://www.patelequipmentindia.com/ We Are Leading Manufacturers & Exporters Of Hydraulic Handling Equipment, Drum Handling Equipment, Aluminium Ladder,
More informationInstruction for filling the AIN application form
Instruction for filling the AIN application form 1. Form is to be filled legibly in ENGLISH in BLOCK LETTERS. 2. While filling the form, each box, wherever provided, should contain only one character (alphabet/number/punctuation
More informationENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT BIOGAS PLANT AND ITS BENEFITS
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT BIOGAS PLANT AND ITS BENEFITS Presented by:- Mihir Shah (A-26) Mithun Pardesi(A-28) Muzammil Deshmukh (A-29) Neha Naik (A-30) Pawan Panjwani (A-34) INTRODUCTION Biogas is an important
More informationhas taken place in western and south-western states, whereas crop specialization has occurred
Trans. Inst. Indian Geographers Joydeep Saha, New Delhi agricultural economy in terms of income, employment and security. Obtaining required secondary data on area under crops, this paper attempts to explore
More informationVECTOR BORNE DISEASES AND CLIMATIC CHANGES
VECTOR BORNE DISEASES AND CLIMATIC CHANGES Dr. Neeraj Dhingra Additional Director National Vector Borne Disease Control Porgramme (NVBDCP Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India PREVENTION
More informationMinistry of Environment, Forest and Climate Changeministry of. Government of India Environment & Forests Government of India
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Changeministry of Government of India Environment & Forests Government of India Home > Printer-friendly > Pnnter-friendly Regional Offices Resolution No. 4-7/2012-ROHQ,
More informationCENTRAL BUDGET AND FARMERS SUICIDE IN INDIA
CENTRAL BUDGET AND FARMERS SUICIDE IN INDIA Dr. Sunil Gosavi Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Kamaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Navi Mumbai Email: sunil.gosavi070@gamil.com ABSTRACT Farmers
More informationCOMPENDIUM REGULATIONS & TARIFF ORDERS ISSUED BY REGULATORY COMMISSIONS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDIA
COMPENDIUM OF REGULATIONS & TARIFF ORDERS ISSUED BY REGULATORY COMMISSIONS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDIA IREDA MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY INDIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY LTD.
More informationConfederation of Indian Industry. Opportunities in. Ministry of Food Processing Industries. Government of India
Confederation of Indian Industry Opportunities in DAIRY Sector in India Ministry of Food Processing Industries Government of India Advantage India One of the fastest growing economies in the world Largest
More informationSWACHH BHARAT MISSION (GRAMIN)
SWACHH BHARAT MISSION (GRAMIN) Knowledge Exchange Seminar on Sanitation Facilities 10 th September, 2015 Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation 60% people globally that defecate in the open reside in
More informationGUIDE FOR VAT, SALES TAX & OTHER LEVIES ( Updated On 31st -Jan-17)
NO. OF INVOICE TYPE OF FORM / PERMIT NO. REQUIRED ENTRY TAX OCTROI CODE SR. COPIES APPLICABLE APPLICABLE FOR TIN NO. INWARD OUTWARD 1 ANDHRA PRADESH 2 VAT FORM-X(600) VAT FORM-X(600) YES* NO 37 2 ANDAMAN
More informationSection 86(1)(e): Specify Renewable Purchase Obligation. (RPO), grid connectivity. Section 61(h): Tariff regulations to be guided by promotion
Section 86(1)(e): Specify Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO), grid connectivity Section 61(h): Tariff regulations to be guided by promotion of renewable energy sources Section 3: National Electricity
More informationDROUGHT (INDIA) SURINDER KAUR INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
DROUGHT (INDIA) SURINDER KAUR INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT WATER AVAILIBILITY IN INDIA AREA OF THE COUNTRY 32,87,263 SQ. KMs RAINFALL 4000 KM³ SURFACE WATER POTENTIAL 684 KM³ GROUND WATER POTENTIAL
More informationDEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES ON PULSES: GOVERNMENT EFFORTS
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES ON PULSES: GOVERNMENT EFFORTS India is a major Pulses growing country in the world. Pulses account for about one-fifth of the total acreage under food grains and about one-fifteenth
More informationGrowth and Inclusion: Theoretical and Applied Perspectives
THE WORLD BANK WORKSHOP Growth and Inclusion: Theoretical and Applied Perspectives Session I Food Inflation: Drivers and Policy Implications Subir Gokarn Reserve Bank of India January 12, 212 The Claridges
More informationPRODUCTIVITY STATUS OF RICE DURING NINTH PLAN
1 PRODUCTIVITY STATUS OF RICE DURING NINTH PLAN Prepared and Edited by Dr. M.C. Diwakar, Director DIRECTORATE OF RICE DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (DEPTT. OF AGRI. & CO-OPERATION)
More informationNational Vegetable Initiative for Urban Clusters. Value chain integration, technology dissemination and accessing investments and markets
National Vegetable Initiative for Urban Clusters Value chain integration, technology dissemination and accessing investments and markets Progress and Prospects Vegetable Initiative for Urban Clusters FPO
More informationOCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF RURAL FEMALES IN INDIA AFTER GLOBALIZATION. Simta Rani. Abstract
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF RURAL FEMALES IN INDIA AFTER GLOBALIZATION Simta Rani Research Scholar, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, A central University, Lucknow. Department of Economics, School for
More informationCHAPTER 2 FOREST COVER
CHAPTER 2 FOREST COVER 2.1 Introduction Forest cover, as explained in the previous chapter, includes all lands more than 1 ha area having tree canopy density of 1 percent and above. The basic data for
More informationI. INTRODUCTION IJSRST Volume 2 Issue 5 Print ISSN: Online ISSN: X Themed Section: Science and Technology
2016 IJSRST Volume 2 Issue 5 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology Two Decades of Rural Infrastructure Development Fund Genesis, Performance and Impact Dr.
More information**** Action taken in each court case is indicated in Annexure-I. 2. Readiness of the States in the implementation of the Act:
Government of India Ministry of Tribal Affairs Status report on implementation of the Scheduled Tribes Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 [for the period ending
More informationFirst Source. Use First Source to. Expand markets. Search for new poten al customers. Explore/Discover new markets
Use First Source to Expand markets Search for new poten al customers. Explore/Discover new markets Search for companies from new industries/loca ons. Mi gate business risks Research business associate,
More informationConfederation of Indian Industry. Opportunities in ORGANIC. Food in India. Ministry of Food Processing Industries. Government of India
Confederation of Indian Industry Opportunities in ORGANIC Food in India Ministry of Food Processing Industries Government of India Advantage India One of the fastest growing economies in the world Largest
More informationHazardous Waste. Supreme Court Directives
Hazardous Waste Supreme Court Directives Writ Petition (Civil) No. 657 of 1995: Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Natural Resource Policy Vs Union of India and others: The Hon'ble Supreme
More informationHAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES MANAGEMENT DIVISION
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES MANAGEMENT DIVISION ACCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURE, CONTACT PERSONS WITH E-MAILS, PHONE NUMBERS, THE ACCIDENT REPORTING PROFORMA AND STATUS OF COMPLIANCE WITH RESPECT TO THE RULES ACCIDENT
More information(as on ) CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
Subject: (as on 13.6.2018) CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (Waste Management Division-Bio-medical Waste) DELHI 110 032 ********* Status on Bio-medical Waste Management Scenario and recommendations for
More informationARE DISPARITIES IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE GROWING?
ARE DISPARITIES IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE GROWING? Indian agriculture has witnessed tremendous changes during the last 3 decades following the adoption of green revolution technology during late 1960's The
More informationParliament of India for SSC & Bank Exams - GK Notes in PDF
Parliament of India for SSC & Bank Exams - GK Notes in PDF We all know that India is a democratic country and the Parliament of India is the highest legislative body of India. By and large, the Indian
More informationResponding to information needs of the citizens through e-government portals and online services in India
The International Information & Library Review (2010) xx, 1e10 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/iilr Responding to information needs of the citizens through
More informationConfederation of Indian Industry. Opportunities in. Fisheries. Sector in India. Ministry of Food Processing Industries. Government of India
Confederation of Indian Industry Opportunities in Fisheries Sector in India Ministry of Food Processing Industries Government of India Advantage India One of the fastest growing economies in the world
More informationComparative Study of Marginal Farms in India vis-a-vis West Bengal; Evidences from Last Decade
Economic Affairs, Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 589-598, December 2016 DOI: 10.5958/0976-4666.2016.00073.5 2016 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved Comparative Study of Marginal Farms in India vis-a-vis West
More informationA COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARGINAL FARMS IN INDIA VIS-A-VIS WEST BENGAL DURING LAST DECADE
Journal of Economic & Social Development, Vol. - XIII, No. 2, Dec. 2017 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARGINAL FARMS IN INDIA VIS-A-VIS WEST BENGAL DURING LAST DECADE Amit Mandal* ISSN 0973-886X Agriculture is
More informationINDIAN TRADEMARK PRACTICES (CGPDTM) SUBASANI.P Examiner of Trademarks, Chennai
INDIAN TRADEMARK PRACTICES (CGPDTM) By SUBASANI.P Examiner of Trademarks, Chennai Legal set up The Trade Marks Registry was established under the Trade Marks Act 1940. At present, it functions under the
More informationRegional Pattern of Agricultural Growth and Rural Employment in India: Have Small Farmers Benefitted?
Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 26 (Conference Number) 2013 pp 1-11 Regional Pattern of Agricultural Growth and Rural Employment in India: Have Small Farmers Benefitted? M.L. Nithyashree* and
More informationGOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS
MOST IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS Subject: Monthly update on status of implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dweller (Recognition of Forest Rights)
More informationDEPENDENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT: A REGIONAL ANALYSIS. Bal Krishan Research Scholar Centre for study of regional development, JNU, New Delhi
DEPENDENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT: A REGIONAL ANALYSIS Bal Krishan Research Scholar Centre for study of regional development, JNU, New Delhi Abstract After six decade of independence there has been
More informationCapacity Building Scheme
Capacity Building Scheme NeGP Round Table Conference 29 th- 31 st July 2009 By Krishnan, Principal Consultant, PMU, DIT, GOI Contents 1 2 3 4 Background - Capacity Building Scheme Current Status of Activities
More informationCDM and NAMA in India
CDM and NAMA in India looking back (1) and looking forward (2) Mumbai, 8 th of October 2014 Enrico Rubertus Project Director GIZ New Delhi Seite 1 Background The first commitment period of Kyoto Protocol
More informationGOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF LAND RESOURCES LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 70 TO BE ANSWERED ON
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF LAND RESOURCES LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 70 TO BE ANSWERED ON 20.07.2017 Development of Wasteland *70. SHRI KUNWAR PUSHPENDRA SINGH
More informationOutput and Employment Growth in Registered Manufacturing Industries in India: Testing Kaldor s Hypothesis
Output and Employment Growth in Registered Manufacturing Industries in India: Testing Kaldor s Hypothesis Dr. Panchanan Das Taki Government College West Bengal This paper carries out GMM estimation in
More informationVISION DOCUMENT FOR 12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN
National Afforestation & Eco-development Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India VISION DOCUMENT FOR 12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN RCNAEB, BHOPAL Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal
More informationThe Impact of Electricity Reforms on Regional Economic Development in India
EPRG Seminar, 23 rd February 2009, Cambridge The Impact of Electricity Reforms on Regional Economic Development in India Anupama Sen, Department of Land Economy Please Do Not Quote Without Permission An
More informationDATA Analytics of Agriculture Production, Wages and Income in Rural Areas of India using Big Data and Python Matplot Lib
DATA Analytics of Agriculture Production, Wages and Income in Rural Areas of India using Big Data and Python Matplot Lib K. Raghavendra Swamy Technical Trainer BDPS PVT LTD. VIJAYAWADA. swamy1712@gmail.com
More informationASSETS AND BORROWINGS OF THE UNORGANISED MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN INDIA
Report No. 435(51/2.2/3) ASSETS AND BORROWINGS OF THE UNORGANISED MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN INDIA NSS Fifty-first round July 1994 - June 1995 National Sample Survey Organisation Department of Statistics
More informationGIS STUDY OF THE DIVERSITY OF GINGER CULTIVATION IN INDIA Utpala P, Johny A.K, V.A.Parthasarathy, K.Jayarajan and M.S.Madan
GIS STUDY OF THE DIVERSITY OF GINGER CULTIVATION IN INDIA Utpala P, Johny A.K, V.A.Parthasarathy, K.Jayarajan and M.S.Madan Ginger is reported to have originated in Southern China. Today, it is cultivated
More informationESHITA GUPTA (Work in progress ) 6 Nov 2011
Global warming and local cooling: Impact of Climate Change on electricity demand of India ESHITA GUPTA (Work in progress ) 6 Nov 2011 Goal To investigate link between rising global temperature and electricity
More informationGOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE. LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION No. 334 TO BE ANSWERED ON
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION No. 334 TO BE ANSWERED ON 09.08.2016 Ecological Impact of Mining *334. SHRI JANARDAN SINGH SIGRIWAL state:
More informationAMRUT. Flagship Program. October 2015
Flagship Program October 2015 AMRUT On 25 th June 2015, Government of India (GoI) had launched two major projects for urban development; Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) and
More informationSafe Water Network is recognized as a National Key Resource Center by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation KNOWLEDGE PARTNER GRANT PARTNER
Safe Water Network is recognized as a National Key Resource Center by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation KNOWLEDGE PARTNER GRANT PARTNER 1 Dream of Har Ghar Jal will be realized by 2030:
More informationSUBJECT: MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE CROP WEATHER WATCH GROUP HELD ON
F. No. 31/ 201718CFCCE&S GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION AND FARMERS WELFARE (CROP FORECAST COORDINATION CENTRE) Room No. 344A, Krishi
More informationAajeevika - National Rural Livelihoods Mission, New Delhi
Aajeevika - National Rural Livelihoods Mission, New Delhi Terms of Reference for Technical Selection of Training Agencies for providing Training and Capacity Building support to SRLMs Note: The outcome
More informationMEMBERS' REFERENCE SERVICE LARRDIS LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI LEGISLATIVE NOTE. No.47/LN/Ref./November/2017
MEMBERS' REFERENCE SERVICE LARRDIS LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI LEGISLATIVE NOTE No.47/LN/Ref./November/2017 For the use of Members of Parliament NOT FOR PUBLICATION 1 THE ANCIENT MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL
More informationWOMEN PARTICIPATION IN CARP CULTURE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA
WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN CARP CULTURE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA M. C. Nandeesha Fisheries College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
More informationSUBJECT: MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE CROP WEATHER WATCH GROUP HELD ON
F. No. 31/ 201718CFCCE&S GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION AND FARMERS WELFARE (CROP FORECAST COORDINATION CENTRE) Room No. 344A, Krishi
More informationPublic Expenditures and Subsidies in Indian Surface Irrigation: Who Benefits?
Public Expenditures and Subsidies in Indian Surface Irrigation: Who Benefits? Mona Sur and Dina Umali-Deininger South Asia Rural Development Unit March 5, 2003 India: An overview 1 billion popn,72% rural
More informationProgress and Potential of Horticulture in India
Ind. Jn. of Agri.Econ. Vol.63, No.3, July-Sept. 2008 SUBJECT I TRIGGERING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HORTICULTURE CROPS Progress and Potential of Horticulture in India Ramesh Chand, S.S. Raju and
More informationFOOD PROCESSING REDUCES THE DISTANCE BETWEEN FARM AND FORK SHRI NARENDRA MODI HONOURABLE PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA
FOOD PROCESSING REDUCES THE DISTANCE BETWEEN FARM AND FORK SMT. HARSIMRAT KAUR BADAL Minister of Food Processing Industries SADHVI NIRANJAN JYOTI MOS for Food Processing Industries SHRI NARENDRA MODI HONOURABLE
More informationFarmers Suicides In India
Research Paper - Economics Farmers Suicides In India Vol. 1, Issue. 1 / February 2011, pp. 113-117 - Dr. P. V. Deshmukh Dept. of Economics, Dr. Babasaheb Amedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad Agriculture
More informationSUBJECT: MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE CROP WEATHER WATCH GROUP HELD ON
F. No. 31/ 201819CFCCES GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION AND FARMERS WELFARE (CROP FORECAST COORDINATION CENTRE) Room No. 344A Krishi
More informationIndia s Positioning in the Global Fertilizer Industry
Market Update Kg/Hectare Arable Land India s Positioning in the Global Fertilizer Industry Country-Wise Consumption of Fertilizers 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000-6898.7 2759.6 1750 157.52
More informationSECTION-3: AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Agriculture and Allied Activities 121 SECTION-3: AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES The agriculture situation in India has been presented with the help of a number of Tables highlighting India s share in
More informationSolar pumps for sustainable irrigation Supporting policymakers and enterprises to scale adoption and ensure sustainable use
Solar pumps for sustainable irrigation Supporting policymakers and enterprises to scale adoption and ensure sustainable use Sasmita Patnaik Programme Lead Council on Energy, Environment and Water ISA,
More informationAgricultural Credit and Indebtedness in India: Some Issues
Ind. Jn. of Agri. Econ. Vol. 61, No. 1, Jan.-March 2006 Agricultural Credit and Indebtedness in India: Some Issues R.S. Sidhu and Sucha Singh Gill* In almost all the models of growth and development, capital
More information