9. ENERGY RESOURCES Q.1 (A)

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9. ENERGY RESOURCES Q.1 (A) Choose the correct alternative from the brackets and rewrite the statements : 1. Coal is formed due to... process of vegetation.

1 9. ENERGY RESOURCES Q.1 (A) Choose the correct alternative from the brackets and rewrite the statements : 1. Coal is formed due to... process of vegetation. (oxidation, carbonisation, liquidation, evaporation) 2. India ranks... in the world in production of coal. (first, second, third, fourth) 3. Natural gas is produced at... on a large scale. (Mumbai High, Nazira, Digboi, Koyli) 4. Prior to the... revolution animals and human beings were the chief means of energy resources. (industrial, green, white, economic) 5. In India... percent of total energy is obtained from coal. (24, 87, 67, 48) variety of coal is found in Palani and Nilgiri hills. (Anthracite, Peat, Lignite, Bituminous) variety of coal contains 65 to 75% of carbon. (Peat, Lignite, Bituminous, Anthracite) coal contains 90 to 95 percent of carbon. (Anthracite, Lignite, Peat, Bituminous) variety of coal is used on a very large scale in India. (Anthracite, Peat, Lignite, Bituminous) is used for fuel and for generating electricity in modern age. (Mineral oil, Coal, Firewood, Biogas) 11. Production of mineral oil was first started in... (Bengal, Assam, Mumbai High, Tamil Nadu) 12. There are... oil refineries in India. (12, 14, 16, 18) 13. Moran oil fields are located in... state. (Gujarat, Orissa, Punjab, Assam) 14. Lunej oil fields are located in... state (Maharashtra, Orissa, Assam, Gujarat) 15. Generally... is found in mineral oil fields. (coal, natural gas, biogas, firewood) is used on a large scale in industries for transportation, irrigation and settlements. (Coal, Firewood, Mineral oil, Electricity) 17. In Maharashtra Khopoli and... are the prime hydro electricity centers. (Koyna, Lonavala, Karjat, Pune) 18. There are more than... number of thermal plants in India. (200, 300, 400, 700) 19. The largest solar energy plant in India is located at... near Bhuj in Gujarat. (Coimbatore, Madhapur, Surat, Kalol) 20. The amount of production of the... energy depends on the physiography, velocity and direction of wind.(solar, tidal, thermal, wind) 72

2 MT EDUCARE LTD. 21. India ranks... in the world in the potentiality of generating wind energy. (first, sixth, second, fifth) electricity is produced by using power of flowing water. (Solar, Hydro, Thermal, Wind) 23. The strain on the conventional fuel will be reduced if we supply... to the rural areas. (electricity, natural gas, mineral oil, water) 24. Out of the total electricity share of thermal electricity is about... percent. (50%, 20%, 60%,70%) energy is chiefly used for domestic purposes, hospitals, hostels etc. (Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Tidel) 26. In Maharashtra... is an atomic electricity centre. (Sept. 09) (Narora, Kalpakkam, Kakrapara, Tarapur) Q.1 (B) Match the following : 1. A Column B Column (i) Tarapur (a) Karnataka (ii) Kaiga (b) Uttar Pradesh (iii) Narora (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Maharashtra Ans :- (i d), (ii a), (iii b) 2. A Column B Column (i) Lignite (a) 90% to 95% (ii) Peat (b) 85% to 90% (iii) Anthracite (c) Less than 50% (iv) Bituminous (d) 65% to 75% (e) Above 95 % Ans :- (i d), (ii c), (iii a), (iv b) 3. A Column B Column (i) Solar energy (a) Kalpakkam (ii) Wind energy (b) Madhapur (iii) Geothermal energy (c) Kaiga (d) Manikaran ( e) Coimbatore Ans :- (i b), (ii e), (iii d) 4. A Column B Column (i) Lunej (a) Arabian sea (ii) Moran (b) Bihar (iii) Mumbai High (c) Gujarat (d) Assam Ans :- (i c), (ii d), (iii a) 73

3 MT EDUCARE LTD. 5. A Column B Column (i) Kalpakkam (a) Uttar Pradesh (ii) Rawatbhatta (b) Gujarat (iii) Kakrapara (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Rajasthan Ans :- ( i c ), ( ii d), ( iii b ) 6. A Column B Column (i) Mineral oil (a) Solar energy (ii) Farm wastes (b) Atomic energy (iii) uranium (c) Hydro electricity (d) Thermal electricity (e) Bio gas Ans :- ( i d ), ( ii e), ( iii b ) Q.2 (A) Give geographical reasons : 1. Oil refineries are located along the sea coast. (Sept. 08, March 09) Ans. Oil refineries are located near the coastal parts of India 1. There are 18 oil refineries in India out of which several refineries are located on the coast % of the mineral oil used in India is imported from foreign countries due to the production of mineral oil being less than the consumption. 3. This mineral oil is transported by water ways and thus it minimizes the cost of transportation if the oil refinery is located along the sea coast. 4. This also helps to avoid the risk during the transportation due to its inflammable nature. 2. Conservation of energy resources is important. Ans. Conservation of energy resources is important 1. Energy is most important for economic development of a nation as the industrial development depends upon its availability. 2. The conventional sources of energy such as coal, mineral oil, natural gas, atomic energy minerals are all exhaustible in nature and thus go on decreasing. 3. Even in the rural areas the use of fuel wood is bringing about depletion of forests. 4. Thus with the ever increasing demand and decreasing availability we need to conserve the resources. 3. Coal is a very important source of energy in India. Ans. Coal is a very important source of energy in India. 1. India stands third after China and USA in the reserves of coal in the world. 2. About 67% of the total energy in India is obtained from coal. 3. Coal is used for the generation of thermal electricity. 4. Coal is also used in the industries such as iron and steel, chemicals, paints, cement, glass, fertilizers etc. Thus coal is very important. 74

4 MT EDUCARE LTD. 4. The use of natural gas should increase in India. OR Natural gas is an important fuel in India. Ans. The use of natural gas should increase in India because 1. Natural gas reserves are large in India and thus its availability is more. 2. More over it is less polluting fuel as compared to other conventional fuels. 3. The strain on the conventional fuel wood will be reduced if we are successful in supplying natural gas to the rural areas. 4. This will also help in protecting the forests from destruction by man and so, ecological balance can be maintained. 5. Non conventional energy resources should be used more in future. Ans. 1. Sunlight, wind, tides, waste material, geothermal energy etc. are used as non-conventional energy resources. 2. Non-conventional energy resources are pollution free and they maintain ecological balance 3. Besides, these resources are renewable, so they are termed as inexhaustible energy resources. 4. Therefore, to avoid the strain on conventional resources the non conventional resources should be essentially utilized much more in future. 6. The study of energy resources in India is essential. Ans. 1. Energy is most essential for economic development of a nation. 2. The stage of development of a nation is determined by the per capita energy consumption. 3. The industrial and economic development of the nation depends upon the availability of energy resources. 4. Since India is a developing nation the study of energy resources in India is essential. 7. Biogas plants are being set up at individual levels, co-operative basis and by municipal and non governmental organizations. Ans. 1. Biogas is used as fuel as well as in the generation of electricity. 2. It is produced from farm wastes, plants, man and animal excreta, as well as organic matters from household, urban and industrial waste. 3. The pressure on liquefied petroleum gas will be reduced if we use biogas on a large scale. 4. So biogas plants are set up especially in rural areas to reduce the strain on conventional resources. Q.2 (B) Write short notes : 1. Conventional energy resources. Ans. 1. In the rural areas in India energy is obtained from fuel wood, charcoal and waste materials from farms. These are conventional energy resoures. 2. The availability and use of these resources differs in different parts of India and it is also not possible to quantify these resources accurately. 3. Some of the other conventional energy resources used in India are coal, mineral oil and natural gas. 75

5 MT EDUCARE LTD. 4. The conventional sources of energy are also termed as exhaustible resources as they can decrease. 2. Coal. Ans. 1. In india, coal is a very important resource of energy. About 67 percent of the total energy is obtained from it. 2. Coal is formed due to carbonisation of plants. It takes millions of years to change the form of plants into coal. Coal occurs in stratified rocks. 3. India ranks third after China and U.S.A in the reserves of coal. 4. Coal is used in generating thermal electricity and in industries of iron and steel, chemicals, paints, cement, glass, fertilizers etc. 5. On the basis of their carbon content there are four varieties of coal peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite out of which the bituminous variety is found in large quantities in India. 3. Mineral oil production in India. Ans. 1. The production of mineral oil was first started in Assam. 2. At Mumbai High crude oil is produced on a large scale which is followed by Gujarat and Assam oil fields. 3. In Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh mineral oil is produced on a small scale. 4. Mineral oil deposits are found in the Gulf of Khambat, at Mumbai High in Arabian sea near Mumbai. 5. Oil is also found in the river basins of Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri and Mahanadi. 6. In Gujarat the oil fields are located at Ankleshwar, Lunej and Kalol. 7. In Assam oil fields are found at Naharkatiya and Moran etc. 4. Natural gas. Ans. 1. Natural gas is widely used as an important source of energy. 2. It is found in the mineral oil fields 3 It is found on a large scale at Mumbai High oil fields in the Arabian sea. 4. Besides this natural gas fields are also located in the Krishna and Godavari basin. Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Andaman and Nicobar islands. 5. Natural gas is used as a fuel in the automobiles and generation of electricity. It is also being used for production of chemical fertilizers. 6 The supply of natural gas should be increased to the rural areas to reduce the destruction of forest and thus help to maintain the ecological balance. 5. Thermal electricity. Ans. 1. By using coal, petroleum and natural gas, electricity is generated which is known as thermal electricity. 2. There are more than 300 thermal power plants in India. 3. Out of the total electricity the share of thermal electricity is about 70 percent in India. 4. The states like Assam, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal produce mainly thermal electricity. 76

6 MT EDUCARE LTD. 5. Besides, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Orissa and Delhi also produce thermal electricity. 6. Atomic energy. Ans. 1. Electricity produced by the division of nucleus of an atom is called atomic electricity. 2. It is produced by splitting the atoms of uranium and thorium. 3. Tarapur in Maharashtra, Rawatbhatta in Rajasthan, Kakrapara in Gujarat, Kalpakkam and Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu, Narora in Uttar Pradesh and Kaiga in Karnataka are atomic energy centres. 7. Non conventional energy resources. Ans. 1. The conventional resources of energy such as mineral oil, coal etc. are all exhaustible and also cause a lot of pollution. 2. The inexhaustible and renewable energy resources like sunlight, wind, tides, geothermal energy, waste materials etc are used as non conventional energy resources. 3. These resources of energy are better than the conventional resources of energy since they are pollution free and maintain ecological balance. 4. The use of these resources should be increased by their proper development and reduction in their production cost. 8. Solar energy. (March 08).Ans. 1. The energy and electricity are generated from sunlight. 2. Solar energy is mainly used for domestic purposes and at hospitals, hotels etc on a small scale. 3. Solar electricity is also used in electric lamps and cold houses. 4. Solar energy is converted into electricity with the help of generators. 5. The largest solar energy plant in India is located at Madhapur near Bhuj in Gujarat. 9. Wind energy. Ans. 1. Wind Energy is a non conventional source of energy. 2. The amount of production of the wind energy depends on its velocity, direction of wind and physiography of the region. 3. India ranks 5th in the world in the potentiality of generating wind energy. 4. A large wind energy grid is located near Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu. 5. Wind energy is generated in some parts of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karanataka, Gujarat and Orissa. 10. Biogas. Ans. 1. Biogas is used as a fuel as well as in the generation of electricity. 2. It is produced from farm wastes, plants, man and animal excreta, decomposition of organic matters from house hold, urban and industrial wastes. 3. Biogas will help to decrease the pressure on liquefied petroleum gas. 4. These plants are being set up on individual and co-operative basis as well as by the municipal and non government organizations. 11. Geothermal energy. (Sept. 09, 10)) Ans. 1. Hot gases and hot ground water are ejected from the interior of the earth at some places due to the increase in the temperature in the interior part of the earth. 77

7 MT EDUCARE LTD. 2. Such sites are used for generation of geothermal energy. 3. This energy is utilized for production of heat and electricity. 4. The centre of electrical production based on geothermal energy functions at Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh. 5. Due to the rising costs of petroleum, it is important to develop the sources of geothermal energy. 12. Conservation of energy. Ans. The following factors are necessary for conservation of energy. 1. Make use of public transport system instead of individual vehicles. 2. Use electricity only as much as is essential. 3. Conduct regular checking and maintenance of generators and instruments. 4. Create social awareness for conservation of energy resources. Q.3 Answer the following in detail : 1. Give information about coal producing areas in India. OR Explain the types of coal in India. Ans. In India, coal is a very important resource of energy. About 67 percent of the total energy is obtained from it. 1. Coal deposits are found in the river basins of Damodar, Son, Mahanadi, Brahmani, Wardha, Godavari and Indravati and also in the regions of Satpura and Rajmahal hills. 2. Peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite are varieties of coal which are classified on the basis of their carbon content. 3. Peat contains less than 50 percent of carbon occurs at Palani and Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu and some parts of Jammu and Kashmir. 4. Lignite contains 65 to 75 percent carbon and is found in the states of Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Rajasthan. In Tamil Nadu, Neyveli is the important lignite coal producing field. 5. Bituminous coal contains 85 to 90 percent of carbon and is found in the state of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. 6. In Jammu and Kashmir anthracite coal is found in small deposits. India stands third after China and United States of America in the reserves of coal in the world. 2. Explain distribution of mineral oil fields in India. Ans. Mineral oil is used for fuel and for generating electricity in modern age. 1. The production of mineral oil was first started in Assam. 2. At Mumbai High crude oil is produced on a large scale which is followed by Gujarat and Assam oil fields. 3. In Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh mineral oil is produced on a small scale. 4. Mineral oil deposits are found in the Gulf of Khambat, at Mumbai High in Arabian sea near Mumbai. 5. Oil is also found in the river basins of Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri and Mahanadi. 78

8 MT EDUCARE LTD. 6. In Gujarat the oil fields are located at Ankleshwar, Lunej and Kalol. 7. In Assam oil fields are found at Naharkatiya and Moran etc. (Use stencil) 3. Explain the different sources to produce electricity. Ans. 1. Electricity is used on a large scale in industries, for transportation, irrigation and in the rural and urban settlements. 2. Electricity produced by using coal, petroleum and natural gas in known as thermal electricity. There are more than 300 thermal power plants in India. Out of the total electricity the share of thermal electricity is about 70 percent in India. 3. By using power of flowing water, electricity is generated which is termed as hydro-electricity. Hydro-electricity is produced in the mountainous and heavy rainfall areas. 4. Electricity which is obtained by the division of nucleus of an atom, is called atomic electricity. Uranium and thorium are chiefly used for production of atomic electricity. 4. Describe the non-conventional energy resources. Ans. 1. Sunlight, wind, tides, waste materials, geothermal energy etc. are used as non-conventional energy resources. 2. Non-conventional energy resources are pollution free and they help maintain ecological balance. 3. These sources of energy are renewable and so they are termed as inexhaustible energy resources. 4. These resources should be essentially utilized much in future. 5. Huge cost is the main problem in the generation of non-conventional energy resources. 6. Non-conventional energy resources will be more useful to man, when low cost technology will be successfully developed. 7. To reduce pressure on exhaustible energy resources, use of nonconventional (inexhaustible) energy resources is necessary. 5. How are non-conventional energy resources more effective than conventional energy resources? Ans. 1. Conventional sources of energy such as coal, mineral oil and natural gas are all exhaustible resources of energy and cause a lot of pollution. 2. The non-conventional resources such as solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy, biogas are pollution free and in addition are renewable sources and inexhaustible sources of energy. 3. Non-conventional sources of energy also help to maintain ecological balance. 4. Thus, the non-conventional sources are more effective than conventional energy resources. 79

9 MT EDUCARE LTD. INDIA Centres of Oil Refineries Panipath Mathura Digboi Barauni Guwahati Jamnagar Koyali Kolkata Haldia Trombay Mumbai High Vishakhapatnam Mangalore Chennai Kochi Nagapatnam 80

Kalpakkam Kudankulam 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + Mumbai High Mineral oil producing area in Assam Geothermal centre

10 MT EDUCARE LTD. INDIA Manikaran Narora Rawatbhatta Madhapur Kakrapara Mumbai High Tarapur + Koyna Kaiga Coimbatore Kalpakkam Kudankulam Mumbai High Mineral oil producing area in Assam Geothermal centre in Himachal Pradesh (Manikaran) Atomic Energy Centres Koyna hydro-electricity project in Maharashtra. Solar energy centre in Gujarat (Madhapur) Wind energy centre in Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore) 81

11 Std. : SSC Marks : 20 CHAPTER 9 : ENERGY RESOURCES (SET A) Duration : 1 hr. Q.1. [A] Choose the correct alternatives and rewrite the complete sentences : 4 3 (i) Natural gas is produced at... on a large scale. (Mumbai High, Nazira, Digboi, Koyli) (ii) Production of mineral oil was first started in... (Bengal, Assam, Mumbai High, Tamil Nadu) (iii) The largest solar energy plant in India is located at... near Bhuj in Gujarat. (Coimbatore, Madhapur, Surat, Kalol) Q.1. (B) Match the following : 3 A Column B Column (i) Tarapur (a) Karnataka (ii) Kaiga (b) Uttar Pradesh (iii) Narora (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Maharashtra Q.2. [A] Give scientific reasons : 4 (i) Oil refineries are located along the sea coast. 8 (ii) Conservation of energy resources is important. Q.2. (B) Write Short Notes : 4 (i) Conventional energy resources. (ii) Solar energy. (iii) Geothermal energy. Q.3. Answer the following in detail : 68 (i) Give information about coal producing areas in India. (ii) Explain distribution of mineral oil fields in India. Best Of Luck

12 Std. : SSC Marks : 20 CHAPTER 9 : ENERGY RESOURCES (SET B) Duration : 1 hr. Q.1. [A] Choose the correct alternatives and rewrite the complete sentences : 3 (i)... variety of coal is used on a very large scale in India. (Anthracite, Peat, Lignite, Bituminous) (ii) There are... oil refineries in India. (12, 14, 16, 18) (iii)... energy is chiefly used for domestic purposes, hospitals, hostels etc. (Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Tidel) Q.1. [B] Match the following : 3 A Column B Column (i) Lunej (a) Arabian Sea (ii) Moran (b) Bihar (iii) Mumbai High (c) Gujarat (d) Assam Q.2. [A] Give scientific reasons : (Any 2) 4 (i) Oil refineries are located along the sea coast. (ii) Biogas plants are being set up at individual levels, co-operative basis and by municipal and non governmental organizations. (iii) Conservation of energy resources is important. Q.2. [B] Write short notes : 4 (i) Solar Energy (ii) Wind Energy (iii) Geothermal Energy Q.3. Answer the following : 6 (i) Describe the Non-conventional energy resources. (ii) Give information about coal producting areas in India. (iii) Explain distribution of mineral oil fields in India. Best Of Luck

ENERGY RESOURCES IN INDIA

ENERGY RESOURCES IN INDIA Energy Resources We need energy in different forms for all our daily activities. The conventional sources of energy include firewood, cattle dung cakes, minerals like coal, petroleum