Surface Water Impacts from Groundwater Withdrawals. Presented by: Al Pratt Steve Howe

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1 Surface Water Impacts from Groundwater Withdrawals Presented by: Al Pratt Steve Howe New Hampshire Water and Watershed Conference March 25, 2011

2 Why should we care? Groundwater withdrawals have the potential to: Reduce flow and water levels in surface waters and wetlands Impair uses (designated and existing) Impact aquatic habitat Impact natural hydrologic conditions Degrade functional values of wetlands Sustainable use of our resources is necessary to ensure the natural condition of our environment is maintained and the health of our ecosystem is protected.

3 Hydrogeology Aquifers in New Hampshire Stratified Drift Glacial Outwash Sand and Gravel High Well Yield Potential Near Surface Water Features Bedrock Storage in Fractures Typically Low Yield Potentially Distant Impacts

4 Stratified Drift Aquifers Potential Impact Area Zone of Influence Cone of Depression Zone of Contribution Recharge Area Downgradient Area Reference: Ground Water Protection Council, 2007; NH Water Resources Primer, 2008

5 Stratified Drift Aquifers Potential Impact Area Zone of Influence Cone of Depression Zone of Contribution Recharge Area Downgradient Area Reference: FAQ Regarding Large Groundwater Withdrawal Permitting in NH, NHDES 2008

6 Stratified Drift Aquifers

7 Groundwater Protection Act (RSA 485-C) Excerpt from RSA 485-C:21 Approval for Large Groundwater Withdrawals, Section V-c: In order to preserve the public trust, no large groundwater withdrawal shall cause an unmitigated impact as determined by the following: (f) Reducing surface water levels or flows that will, or do, cause a violation of surface water quality rules adopted by the department

8 Groundwater Protection Act (RSA 485-C) Surface Water Quality Regulations (Env-Wq 1700) Env-Wq Water Use Classification All surface water shall be restored to meet the water quality criteria for their designated classification and to maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of surface waters Unless the flows are caused by naturally occurring conditions, surface water quantity shall be maintained at levels adequate to protect existing and designated uses. Recreation Public Water Supplies Aquatic Life and Wildlife Fish / Shellfish Consumption Others proposed: Geomorphic Integrity Agriculture

9 Groundwater Protection Act (RSA 485-C) Surface Water Quality Regulations (Env-Wq 1700) Env-Wq Biological and Aquatic Community Integrity The surface waters shall support and maintain a balanced, integrated, and adaptive community of organisms having a species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of similar natural habitats of a region. Env-Wq 1708 Antidegradation Existing uses and the level of water quality necessary to protect uses shall be maintained and protected:

10 Groundwater Protection Act (RSA 485-C) Excerpt from RSA 485-C:21 Approval for Large Groundwater Withdrawals, Section V-c: In order to preserve the public trust, no large groundwater withdrawal shall cause an unmitigated impact as determined by the following: (f) Reducing surface water levels or flows that will, or do, cause a violation of surface water quality rules adopted by the department (g) Causing a net loss of values for submerged lands under tidal and fresh waters and its wetlands as set forth in RSA 482-A

11 Groundwater Protection Act (RSA 485-C) Fill and Dredge in Wetlands (RSA 482-A:1) Values specified under Finding of Public Purpose Nutrients for finfish, crustacea, shellfish and wildlife of significant value, Habitats and reproduction areas for plants, fish and wildlife of importance, Commerce, recreation and aesthetic enjoyment of the public, Adequate groundwater levels (recharge storage), Stream channels and their ability to handle the runoff of waters (channel protection), Natural ability of wetlands to absorb flood waters and silt, thus increasing general flood damage and the silting of open water channels, Interests of the general public.

12 Groundwater Protection Act (RSA 485-C) Excerpt from RSA 485-C:21 Approval for Large Groundwater Withdrawals, Section V-c: In order to preserve the public trust, no large groundwater withdrawal shall cause an unmitigated impact as determined by the following: (f) Reducing surface water levels or flows that will, or do, cause a violation of surface water quality rules adopted by the department (g) Causing a net loss of values for submerged lands under tidal and fresh waters and its wetlands as set forth in RSA 482-A (i) Reducing river flows below acceptable levels established pursuant to RSA 483

13 Groundwater Protection Act (RSA 485-C) Rivers Management and Protection Program (RSA 483) Statement of Policy (RSA 483:1) Encourage and assist in the development of river corridor management plans and; Regulate the quantity and quality of instream flow along certain protected rivers or segments of rivers to conserve and protect outstanding characteristics including: Recreational, fisheries, wildlife, environmental, hydropower, cultural, historical, archaeological, scientific, ecological, aesthetic, community significance, agricultural, and public water supply

14 Large Groundwater Withdrawal Permit Sections in Env-Wq 403 pertaining to potential impacts to surface water and wetlands Conceptual Hydrologic Model Typical Data Sources: Maps (geologic, aquifer, soils, lineament, and topographic) Published reports Historical hydrogeologic data Site hydrogeologic investigations (test wells & borings, geophysics, etc ) Shall Include: Description of the geology and geomorphologic history Geologic cross-section through site Delineation of Potential Impact Area and its components Identification of data gaps

15 Large Groundwater Withdrawal Permit Sections in Env-Wq 403 pertaining to potential impacts to surface water and wetlands Hydrologic cycle description and water budget calculations Assess the distribution and availability of water necessary to maintain natural resources Inventory of water resources and uses Water-related natural resource in the Potential Impact Area Surface waters Wetlands Springs Vernal pools Any other water-related natural resources that might be influenced by the withdrawal Rare species and exemplary natural communities (NH DRED-NHB)

16 Large Groundwater Withdrawal Permit Sections in Env-Wq 403 pertaining to potential impacts to surface water and wetlands Impact Description (Final Permit Application Report) Impacts shall be quantified to the extent necessary to determine whether adverse impacts might occur, and, if adverse impacts might occur, to: Develop a monitoring and reporting program, Develop mitigation measures, Revise production volume of the withdrawal to ensure adverse impacts do not occur

17 Large Groundwater Withdrawal Permit Sections in Env-Wq 403 pertaining to potential impacts to surface water and wetlands Impact Monitoring and Reporting Program Wetlands Monitoring (Env-Wq ) Initial survey Functions of the wetland as part of the natural ecosystem Hydrology Soil types Soil moisture Stratigraphy Routine monitoring of wetland characteristics Shallow groundwater levels (piezometers and micro-wells)

18 Large Groundwater Withdrawal Permit Sections in Env-Wq 403 pertaining to potential impacts to surface water and wetlands Impact Monitoring and Reporting Program Surface Water Monitoring (Env-Wq ) Initial Survey Inventory and mapping of aquatic flora and fauna species and habitat Factors that control water level elevations, and Identification of anticipated seasonal fluctuations in temperature and nutrients Long-Term Monitoring Water levels Stream flow Instream or other submerged habitat to identify the health of aquatic ecosystems

19 Surface Water Impact Assessment and Monitoring Short term impacts Pumping Test

20 Some systems are noisy by nature. Background monitoring can characterize existing fluctuations.

21 Understanding background changes helps understand pumping influence. Understanding habitat will help understand potential long-term impacts of withdrawals.

22 Surface water monitoring short term impacts and long term monitoring

23 Wetlands water levels and physical changes

24 Low-flow monitoring and requirements Instream flow or passby flow

25 Flumes variety of sizes and types

26

27

28 Check installation for proper design, calibrate if necessary

29 Maintenance is necessary

30 Weirs variety of sizes and types

31

32

33

34

35 Check installation for proper design modify or calibrate if necessary

36 Check installation for proper design modify or calibrate if necessary

37 Modify or calibrate if necessary

38 Weir insert for improved low-flow resolution

39 Direct methods of surface water measurement

40

41 Rating Curves shift through time

42 Wetland piezometers

43

44

45

46

47 Questions? Steve Howe Al Pratt, P.E

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