Australian Mining and Mining Education -A Health and Safety Perspective

Transcription

1 Australian Mining and Mining Education -A Health and Safety Perspective Assoc. Prof. Mehmet S. Kızıl The University of Queensland, School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Australia

2 UQ s World Ranking

3 The University of Queensland

4 Background to MEA

5 What is Mining Education Australia? MEA is a national education joint venture between four major mining education providers in Australia. MEA provides a common curriculum for 3rd and 4th year mining engineering. It is financially supported by the Minerals Council of Australia ($1.1 million/year). Development was supported by a $1.35 million grant from the Federal Government through the Collaboration and Structural Reform funding scheme.

6 MEA Strategies A new curriculum was designed and courses were developed. Collaborative course teams. Shared development of material and teaching. Common education standards; Implementation of tools and processes for cross university student collaborative assessment, moderation and evaluation processes. Student exchange program. Program leaders committee. And Twice yearly academic workshops.

7 Mining Program SEM 1 Engineering Design 2 Introduction to Engineering Problem Solving MINING ENGINEERING UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM Calculus & Linear Algebra I OR Elective Calculus & Linear Algebra I OR Elective 3 Introduction to Mining Fluid Mechanics 4 Soil Mechanics Physical & Chemical Processing of Minerals Earth Processes & Geological Materials for Engineers Multivariate Calculus & ODEs Analysis of Eng & Sci. Data Structural Mechanics in Mining Resource Geology & Surveying Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics OR Elective Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics OR Elective Earth Processes & Geological Materials for Engineers OR Elective Calculus & Linear Algebra II 5 Resource Estimation Mining Geomechanics Mining Systems ELECTIVE 6 Mine Planning Mine Ventilation Rock Breakage ELECTIVE 7 Mine Geotechnical Engineering Mining Research Project I 8 Mine Management Mining Research Project II Hard Rock Mine Design & Feasibility Coal Mine Design & Feasibility ELECTIVE ELECTIVE

8 Mining Streams

9 MEA provides more than 85% of Australia s Mining Engineering Graduates Other MEA MEA Other

10 New Engineering Building

11 Immersive Learning Centre

12 Computer Lab

13 Ventilation Lab

14 UQ Experimental Mine

15 447 Mines 120 Gold 120 Coal 207 Others Image of Australia's Infrastructure/Cities in extract from History of Minerals Industry -

16 World s Minerals Production Bauxite Aluminium Coal Diamond Gold Copper Iron Ore Nickel Silver Zinc China Australia Russia Canada USA Indonesia South Africa India Peru Mexica Chili 1 5 Botswana 2 Kongo 3 Norvey 8 UAE 9 New Caledonia 5 Bahrein 10 Papua New Guinea 5

17 Mineral Industry Contribution to Australia (2010/11) Export income: $138B 54% of total goods and services Exploration: $5.7B Research and Dev: $4.2B Employment: Direct: 187,400 Indirect: 599,680 Wages: $18B Tax & Royalties: $21B

18 Five stages in the life of a mine DEVELOPMENT 2 to 10+ years EXPLORATION 1 to 10+ years $1- $5 million PROSPECTING 1 to 2+ years $50K- $100K REHABILITATION EXPLOITATION MINING AND PROCESSING 5 to 20+ years

19 Access for Underground Coal Mines

20 Longwall Mining Method

21 Current LW Face Longwall Ventilation System Current Devt Face Maingate MAINS Tailgate Mined out Panel - GOAF

22 Soma Colliery Ventilation System 35 m 3 /s

23 Identification of Faults and Folds Seismic Methods 6m LW103 LW m

24 Roadway Support

25 Roof Bolt and Cable Application in a Roadway

26 The Worst Mining Accidents in the World Date Country No of Fatality Location 1942 China 1549 Honkeiko mine France 1099 Courrières mine Japan 687 Mitsubishi Hojyo mine China 684 Laobaidong mine Japan 458 Mitsui Miike mine, 833 Injuries 1913 England 439 Senghenydd mine 1960 South Africa 435 Coalbrook mine 1972 Zimbabwe 426 Wankie mine 1866 England 388 Senghenydd mine 1965 India 375 Dhanbad mine 2014 Turkey 301 Soma

27 Mining Accidents in Turkey in the last 30 years

28 Australian Mining Industry Safety Record The total number of fatalities in major mining accidents in Australia is 656! Mine type Coal 397 Metal 235 Unknown Mining method Surface 132 Underground 492 Unknown

29 Mining Accidents Accidents are not unique to mining, they can happen in any industry. The most important thing is to eliminate the hazards that cause accidents in order to prevent or minimise accidents. In Turkey, it has become a common practise for stakeholders to blame each other for the accident rather than examine the reasons behind the accident and learn lessons from it in order to prevent similar events in the future. What happened in Soma and what lessons have we learned from the Soma mining accident?

30 Health and Safety Management System

31 Summary of Mining Gases

32 Gas Explosion Methane Oxygen Spark

33 The Gas Hazard Range of gases/contents CH 4, CO 2, H 2 S, N 2, mixtures 0 20 m 3 /t Increasing with depth Usually req. drainage >200m Most req. drainage >6m 3 /t Local variations req.drilling CH 4 content distribution (1-9m 3 /t) at a Queensland longwall mine

34 Surface to In-seam (SIS) Drilling

35 Underground In-Seam Gas Drainage Holes

36 In-seam Drainage Operations

37 In Seam Drainage Plant

38 Gas Utilisation Pipelines Electricity Flaring

39 Grasstree 32MW Power Station - fuelled on mine gas

40 Real-time Gas Monitoring System

41 Sensor Locations

42 Tube-Bundle Gas Monitoring System

43 Dust Management Potential health impacts Pneumoconiosis (<10micron) Silicosis Cancer? Respiratory inconvenience Mine hazards Visibility Explosibility Controls Dilution Segmentation into return airways Water sprays, scrubbers, infusion PPG Mixing with inert dusts Airstream Helmet Legislative requirements 3mg/m 3 for exposure

44 Methane Measurement by Laser 1 CH4 0.8 H2O CO2 H2S NH3 Absorbance CO NO Interference free Wavelength (nm) C r o s s s e n s i t i v i t y o f m e t h a n e a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r u m t o t h e o t h e r m i n e g a s e s

45 Investigation of an All-fibre Methane Sensor for Underground Coal Mines Hollow core fibre D-fibre Tapered fibre

46 Belt Conveyor Fire Monitoring System using Fibre Optic and Laser FAN Anemometer

47 Gas content (m 3 /t) Portable Gas Content Analyser Time ( mins) CH4 (m3/t) CO2 (m3/t) Total gas (m3/t)

48 Coal Dust Explosion Research 1s 10s 0% 20% 40% y = x R 2 = % 80% 100% Grey Scale Average Particle Size (Micron)

49 In Conclusion: There is an urgent need for a policy change in Turkey in the area of Mining Health and Safety. The Government, Industry, Universities and non-government Organisations must collaborate rather than throw blames at each other whenever there is a mining accident. Future mining engineers, industry representatives, mine inspectors and mine workers need to be properly educated and trained at highest standards possible in the area of health and safety and modern mining techniques in order to improve Turkey s poor safety record. I believe that almost every accident is preventable and nothing is more important than a human being s life! Let Soma be our last major mining accident

50 Longwall Simulation