LECTURE #24: Mega Disasters Climate Change

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "LECTURE #24: Mega Disasters Climate Change"

Transcription

1 GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #24: Mega Disasters Climate Change Date: 17 April 2018 I. Early Earth was more similar to present-day Venus o very high amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and hotter temperatures Venus early Earth Earth today carbon dioxide (CO2) 96.5% 98% 0.04% nitrogen (N2) 3.4% 1.9% 78% oxygen (O2) ~ 0% ~ 0% 21% argon (Ar) 0.007% 0.1% 0.93% average temperature ( F) * average pressure (bars) * Earth would be at/below 32 F with no CO2! o so, where did all the CO2 go? 80% is in rocks like limestone (CaCO3) and other organic material (oil/gas/coal) some dissolved into the oceans plants converted CO2 and produced O2 other biologic uses of CO2 (bones, shells) II. Long Term Climate Change Earth s history shows large variations in climate o from very early on with the large CO2 percentages o to much later in history with extended periods of cooling/ice ages to periods of warming (e.g., time of the dinosaurs) o how do we know this? can examine changes in rock and fossil composition over time for example: O2 isotope ratio in shells there are three isotopes of O2 ( 16 O, 17 O, 18 O) evaporation from the oceans favors lighter isotopes therefore, a concentration of 16 O and 17 O on land (ice/snow) and a concentration of 18 O in the sea if the amount of 18 O/ 16 O is measured in shells, scientists know about the conditions of the water at the time they were formed - more 18 O meant warmer conditions why? Page 1/6

2 o factors that lead to these changes over time? plate tectonics continental land mass at the poles - collects more snow and ice sheets form leads to colder climates N-S alignment of continents (like today) blocks the normal E-W flow of warm equatorial waters causes them to flow N or S (like the Gulf Stream) - leads to more evaporation and more snow and more cooling external factors changes in the Earth s orbit changes in the sun s energy output sea level rise over time temperature over time III. CO2 and More Recent Climate Shifts shorter term trends o melting of large ice masses on land and rising ocean temperatures affect the ocean circulation patterns o El Niño / La Niña cycles of warming and cooling in the Pacific Ocean changes rainfall and temperature patterns in N. America and elsewhere example, increased hurricane formation and western wildfires in La Niña years Page 2/6

3 o large volcanic eruptions (in recent history) particulates (ash and other gases) reflect incoming solar energy can cause years to decades of cooling o very large eruptions (Earth s history) causes extreme weather/climate/agricultural changes example: Toba super eruption 74,000 ago - reduced the total human population to < 10,000 people! human influences o burning fossil fuels o land clearing (burning of vegetation) adds ~ 6 gigatons of CO2 per year still a small influence compared to natural processes but could be enough to trigger a rapid change ( tipping point ) o 20 th century the rates of warming are faster than anything in geologic history recent temperature change causes? changes in plate tectonics, Earth s orbit, solar output? - all too slow no major volcanic eruptions therefore, change in the greenhouse gasses (us!) - most dramatic since 1977 average of ~ 1 F (not noticeable to us) about ~ 40% of that due directly to man-made activities (emission of greenhouse gases) Page 3/6

4 what are greenhouse gases? o most common: water vapor (H2O) carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O) ozone (O3) CFC s o allow solar heat in but trap the radiant heat from the Earth from escaping water vapor (H2O) responsible for ~ 75% of the greenhouse effect o commonly produce positive feedback loops example, more warming more evaporation more H2O in the atmosphere more warming another example, snow/ice cover: more warming less snow/ice less solar energy reflected & more absorbed by the Earth more warming CO2 receives the most attention (example, the Keeling curve) - small changes have a much larger impact - CO2 is the highest in the atmosphere in the past 800,000 years - only about 50% is removed by natural processes Keeling Curve IV. Next 100 years? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) o 100 s of scientists meeting and reporting their findings on climate change o assess current models/predictions o report areas of uncertainty: climate impacts and uncertainty (IPCC) Page 4/6

5 o issue high-level findings, such as: warming of climate is not in question 90% of all warming since 1950 is due to human activity all greenhouse gases are at their highest amount in the past 650,000 years probability that it is all from natural causes is < 5% average world temperatures could rise from 1 to 6 F by 2100 estimated temperature rise by 2090 (relative to 1990) > 90% chance of more frequent heat waves and heavy rainfall > 60% chance of increased droughts, hurricanes, and extreme tides a rise in sea level of between 7 23 inches levels now will continue to affect the climate for the next 1,000 years! V. Mitigation Options? changes in technology o carbon-free or carbon-neutral energy technologies for power plants, cars, etc. takes time (politics) o cap and trade limit CO2 emissions through a market-based trading system CO2 producers pay more for emissions credits non-co2 producers gain by selling credits o air scrubbing possible but VERY expensive o fertilizing the oceans to grow algae (similar to massive tree planting) they would take up CO2 effects on the ocean s biosphere unknown? o weathering of rocks pulls CO2 out of atmosphere and makes carbonic acid also very slow Page 5/6

6 o geoengineering inject large amounts of particles into the atmosphere to reflect solar energy similar to a volcanic eruption risks unknown? carbon sequestration capturing CO2 and injecting it deep underground in a liquid form o all will take a long time and large cost to implement lowers the political will to act Page 6/6

Greenhouse Effect & Climate Change

Greenhouse Effect & Climate Change Greenhouse Effect & Climate Change Greenhouse Effect Light energy from the sun (solar radiation) is either reflected or absorbed by the Earth. Greenhouse Effect When it is absorbed by the Earth (or something

More information

Chapter 19 Global Change. Wednesday, April 18, 18

Chapter 19 Global Change. Wednesday, April 18, 18 Chapter 19 Global Change Module 62 Global Climate Change and the Greenhouse Effect After reading this module you should be able to distinguish among global change, global climate change, and global warming.

More information

Chapter 19 Global Change

Chapter 19 Global Change Chapter 19 Global Change Global Change Global change- any chemical, biological or physical property change of the planet. Examples include cold temperatures causing ice ages. Global climate change-changes

More information

CHAPTER 16 Oceans & Climate Change Chapter Overview Earth s Climate System Earth s Climate System Earth s Climate System Earth s Climate System

CHAPTER 16 Oceans & Climate Change Chapter Overview Earth s Climate System Earth s Climate System Earth s Climate System Earth s Climate System 1 CHAPTER 16 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Oceans & Climate Change Chapter Overview Humans are adding greenhouse gases to Earth s atmosphere. Climate change will cause many severe problems in the ocean environment.

More information

Feedback loops modify atmospheric processes

Feedback loops modify atmospheric processes Chapter Overview CHAPTER 16 Oceans & Climate Change Humans are adding greenhouse gases to Earth s atmosphere. Climate change will cause many severe problems in the ocean environment. It is necessary to

More information

11/15. Agenda. Albedo Effect Simulator: Discussion Climate Change Notes

11/15. Agenda. Albedo Effect Simulator: Discussion Climate Change Notes Agenda 11/15 Albedo Effect Simulator: Discussion Climate Change Notes Announcements -Test (11/20) -Notebook check (tomorrow) -Lab due (11.59pm, tomorrow) -No quiz tomorrow Criteria Table of contents labeled

More information

Essentials of Oceanography Eleventh Edition

Essentials of Oceanography Eleventh Edition Chapter Chapter 1 16 Clickers Lecture Essentials of Oceanography Eleventh Edition The Oceans and Climate Change Alan P. Trujillo Harold V. Thurman Chapter Overview Humans are adding greenhouse gases to

More information

Lecture 11: Global Warming. Human Acticities. Natural Climate Changes. Global Warming: Natural or Man-Made CO 2 CH 4

Lecture 11: Global Warming. Human Acticities. Natural Climate Changes. Global Warming: Natural or Man-Made CO 2 CH 4 Lecture 11: Global Warming Human Acticities CO 2 CH 4 The initial appearance of human species: last 100,000 to 200,000 years Development of the first civilization: the last 10,000 years What is the sensitivity

More information

Chapter 19 Global Change

Chapter 19 Global Change Chapter 19 Global Change Global Change change - any chemical, biological or physical property change of the planet. Examples include cold temperatures causing ice ages. Global change - changes in the climate

More information

Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming Case Study

Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming Case Study Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming Case Study Key Concepts: Greenhouse Gas Carbon dioxide El Niño Global warming Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gas La Niña Land use Methane Nitrous oxide Radiative forcing

More information

CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACID RAIN. Mr. Banks 7 th Grade Science

CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACID RAIN. Mr. Banks 7 th Grade Science CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACID RAIN Mr. Banks 7 th Grade Science COMPOSITION OF AIR? COMPOSITION OF AIR? 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 0.93% Argon and other noble gases 0.04% carbon dioxide Variable amounts of water

More information

Figure 1 - Global Temperatures - A plot from the EarthScience Centre at

Figure 1 - Global Temperatures - A plot from the EarthScience Centre at GLOBAL WARMING Global warming is evidenced by a steady rise in average global temperatures, changing climate, the fact that snow cover has decreased 10% over the past half-century and that glaciers have

More information

Chapter 13 The Earths Atmosphere

Chapter 13 The Earths Atmosphere Chapter 3 The Earths Atmosphere Name: Class: Date: Time: 79 minutes Marks: 79 marks Comments: Page of 28 The bar chart shows some of the gases in the atmospheres of Earth today and Mars today. (b) Complete

More information

Chapter Overview. Earth s Climate System. Earth s Climate System. Earth s Climate System. CHAPTER 16 The Oceans and Climate Change

Chapter Overview. Earth s Climate System. Earth s Climate System. Earth s Climate System. CHAPTER 16 The Oceans and Climate Change Chapter Overview CHAPTER 16 The Oceans and Climate Humans are adding greenhouse gases to Earth s atmosphere. Climate change will cause many severe problems in the ocean environment. It is necessary to

More information

Global Warming & Climate Change Review Learning Target 1

Global Warming & Climate Change Review Learning Target 1 Learning Target 1 Click and drag the word to fit the proper description. Word Ice Off Dates Ice Core Samples Description 1.Scientist can check the gases in the bubbles and provide a good estimate of the

More information

How things work college course/cumulative global warming exam/testbank

How things work college course/cumulative global warming exam/testbank How things work college course/cumulative global warming exam/testbank From Wikiversity Contents 1 GlobalWarmingCumulative 1.1 GlobalWarmingCumulative v1s1 1.1.1 Key to GlobalWarmingCumulative v1s1 1.2

More information

Changing? What Is Climate and How Is It. You have probably seen or heard

Changing? What Is Climate and How Is It. You have probably seen or heard What Is Climate and How Is It Changing? Photo by Jesse Stanley Student Reading 1 Exit Glacier in Alaska has receded significantly in the last century. Photo by Jesse Stanley You have probably seen or heard

More information

GREENHOUSE GASES 3/14/2016. Water Vapor, CO 2, CFCs, Methane and NO x all absorb radiation Water vapor and CO 2 are the primary greenhouse gases

GREENHOUSE GASES 3/14/2016. Water Vapor, CO 2, CFCs, Methane and NO x all absorb radiation Water vapor and CO 2 are the primary greenhouse gases GREENHOUSE EFFECT The earth is like a greenhouse The atmosphere acts like the glass which lets the sun s rays pass through. The earth absorbs this as heat energy and keeps it in, only letting a little

More information

The Greenhouse Effect

The Greenhouse Effect Name: #: Date: 5.8 The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect traps heat in the atmosphere. This helps the Earth remain warm enough for humans. Without the greenhouse effect, human would not be able to

More information

1. The diagram below shows a greenhouse.

1. The diagram below shows a greenhouse. 1. The diagram below shows a greenhouse. 5. A gradual increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide would warm Earth s because carbon dioxide is a A) poor reflector of ultraviolet radiation B) good reflector

More information

Earth's Atmosphere. Atmospheric Layers. Atmospheric Layers

Earth's Atmosphere. Atmospheric Layers. Atmospheric Layers Earth's Atmosphere Today we will talk about the part of Earth that is most important to our survival - the atmosphere Earth's atmosphere is unique in the Solar System and has changed greatly over time

More information

FACTS ABOUT GL BAL WARMING. gogreen. Shop visit An Ekotribe Initiative

FACTS ABOUT GL BAL WARMING. gogreen. Shop   visit   An Ekotribe Initiative FACTS ABOUT GL BAL WARMING Shop Online @ www.thegreenecostore.com Definition The earth is a natural greenhouse and is kept warm by water vapors, carbon dioxide (CO2), and other gases in the atmosphere,

More information

Climate Change. Some solar radiation is reflected by Earth and the atmosphere. Earth s Surface

Climate Change. Some solar radiation is reflected by Earth and the atmosphere. Earth s Surface Q& A n The Basics of Greenhouse gases affect Earth s energy balance and climate The Sun serves as the primary energy source for Earth s climate. Some of the incoming sunlight is reflected directly back

More information

High School Climate Science Curriculum Course learning goals. October 2011

High School Climate Science Curriculum Course learning goals. October 2011 1 High School Climate Science Curriculum Course learning goals October 2011 Current Climate 1. Earth climate is determined by a balance between absorbed sunlight and emitted infrared radiation. Because

More information

4.4 CLIMATE CHANGE. Concentrations of gases in the atmosphere affect climates experiences at the Earth s surface

4.4 CLIMATE CHANGE. Concentrations of gases in the atmosphere affect climates experiences at the Earth s surface 4.4 CLIMATE CHANGE Concentrations of gases in the atmosphere affect climates experiences at the Earth s surface Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Carbon dioxide and water vapour are the most significant greenhouse

More information

LESSON 9: CONCEPTUALIZING MODULE II Factors Influencing Temperature

LESSON 9: CONCEPTUALIZING MODULE II Factors Influencing Temperature LESSON 9: CONCEPTUALIZING MODULE II Factors Influencing Temperature PURPOSE/QUESTION To understand the need to compare data sets over different parameters thus increasing the strength for students climate

More information

Today s s lab. Discussion: Climate vs. weather Components of the climate system Forcing and response Response time Feedback Equilibrium

Today s s lab. Discussion: Climate vs. weather Components of the climate system Forcing and response Response time Feedback Equilibrium Today s s lab Discussion: Climate vs. weather Components of the climate system Forcing and response Response time Feedback Equilibrium Earth s s Climate &Weather Climate Long-term (years and longer) average

More information

A topic of the times. Climate Change & Global Warming. Do we notice Global Warming? How do we find the facts? Proxies

A topic of the times. Climate Change & Global Warming. Do we notice Global Warming? How do we find the facts? Proxies A topic of the times Climate Change & Global Warming Courtesy IPCC 1 2 Do we notice Global Warming? Aberdeen mean temps Jan 1996-15th Feb 2003 20.00 15.00 Degrees Celsius Daily events don t show up global

More information

Climate Change & Global Warming. Courtesy IPCC

Climate Change & Global Warming. Courtesy IPCC Climate Change & Global Warming Courtesy IPCC 1 A topic of the times 2 3 Do we notice Global Warming? Daily events don t show up global warming Degrees Celsius Aberdeen mean temps Jan 1996-15th Feb 2003

More information

Normal equatorial flow. Climate Variability. El Niño-Southern Oscillation Human-caused climate change Alternative Energy sources

Normal equatorial flow. Climate Variability. El Niño-Southern Oscillation Human-caused climate change Alternative Energy sources Normal equatorial flow Climate Variability El Niño-Southern Oscillation Human-caused climate change Alternative Energy sources Vertical normal flow ENSO disruption of flow Vertical ENSO flow Normal vs.

More information

Basics of Sustainability. Climate Change

Basics of Sustainability. Climate Change Basics of Sustainability 2 Climate Change 1 Contents Page Aims. 2 Introduction. 3 Causes of Climate Change: Natural and Human Influences. 3 The Impacts of Climate Change.. 4 Mitigating Climate Change...

More information

+ Greenhouse Effect Gasses. n Main Gasses: n Water (H 2 O) n Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) n Methane (CH 4 ) n Others Gasses:

+ Greenhouse Effect Gasses. n Main Gasses: n Water (H 2 O) n Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) n Methane (CH 4 ) n Others Gasses: Climate Change Chapter 16 Section 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate The Greenhouse Effect n A natural process in which greenhouse gases absorb heat and release it slowly back into the atmosphere n Greenhouse effect

More information

ENVIS- IITM NEWSLETTER The Air Quality: A Global Challenge

ENVIS- IITM NEWSLETTER The Air Quality: A Global Challenge ENVIS- IITM NEWSLETTER The Air Quality: A Global Challenge GLOBAL WARMING Editorial Prof. B.N. Goswami (Director, IITM, Pune) Dr. G. Beig (ENVIS Co-ordinetor) Ms. Neha S. Parkhi (Program Officer) Mr. Rajnikant

More information

Climate Change. Chapter 16

Climate Change. Chapter 16 + Climate Change Chapter 16 + Section 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate + The Greenhouse Effect n A natural process in which greenhouse gases absorb heat and release it slowly back into the atmosphere n Greenhouse

More information

Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change Global Climate Change MODULE 11: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT 1: BIODIVERSITY Objectives Define terms. Understand global climate change. Describe the basic predictions of the global climate models. Understand

More information

CHAPTER 19. Global Change

CHAPTER 19. Global Change CHAPTER 19 Global Change WALKING ON THIN ICE Polar bears play important role in North Pole ecosystem Food seals Important as food and fur for clothing source for indigenous people Problem temperatures

More information

Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions Scrambled Information Source: EPA Climate Change FAQ

Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions Scrambled Information Source: EPA Climate Change FAQ Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions Scrambled Information Source: EPA Climate Change FAQ Instructions: The questions and answers below have been scrambled. Cut the answers and questions apart. Separate

More information

Greenhouse Effect. The Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Effect. The Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Effect The Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse gases let short-wavelength radiation come into the Earth s atmosphere from the sun. However, they absorb and re-radiate Earth s long-wavelength radiation

More information

ENVIRONMENTS and LIFE

ENVIRONMENTS and LIFE ENVIRONMENTS and LIFE Notes from (Stanley and Luczaj, 2015) Earth System History, Chapter 4 Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D. The temperate rainforest of the Pacific Northwest in Ucluelet, Vancouver Island, British

More information

4-9 Chemistry/5-9 Trilogy Chemistry of the atmosphere

4-9 Chemistry/5-9 Trilogy Chemistry of the atmosphere 4-9 Chemistry/5-9 Trilogy Chemistry of the atmosphere.0 This question is about fuels.. There are two main types of diesel fuel used for cars: biodiesel, made from vegetable oils petroleum diesel, made

More information

Greenhouse Effect. How we stay warm

Greenhouse Effect. How we stay warm Greenhouse Effect How we stay warm The Sun s energy reaches Earth through Radiation (heat traveling through Space) How much solar radiation reaches Earth? The Earth s surface only absorbs 51% of incoming

More information

Module 7 GROUNDWATER AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Module 7 GROUNDWATER AND CLIMATE CHANGE Module 7 GROUNDWATER AND CLIMATE CHANGE Learning Objectives To become familiar with the basic concepts of the impacts of climate change on groundwater To explore the link between climate change impacts

More information

Global Heat Budget -Temp of the Earth: Depends on 3 factors The amount of sunlight received

Global Heat Budget -Temp of the Earth: Depends on 3 factors The amount of sunlight received Environmental Geology Chapter 18 GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Climate characteristic atmospheric conditions (precipitation and temperature) over seasons, years, and decades. Climate changes: Contributing to the

More information

Some resources (more websites later)

Some resources (more websites later) Some resources (more websites later) Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis at http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/reports.htm John Houghton Global Warming - the complete briefing Cambridge

More information

CONTENTS. Introduction x

CONTENTS. Introduction x CONTENTS Introduction x Chapter 1: Climate 1 Solar Radiation and Temperature 2 The Distribution of Radiant Energy from the Sun 2 The Effects of the Atmosphere 3 Average Radiation Budgets 6 Surface-Energy

More information

Climate Change Questions, Condensed

Climate Change Questions, Condensed Climate Change Questions, Condensed Chapter 8: Earth s Climate System and Natural Change Climate and Weather - Weather is the atmospheric conditions such as temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity

More information

IDS 102 The Greenhouse Effect Part II- The Data Trace Gases in the Atmosphere & Global Climate Change

IDS 102 The Greenhouse Effect Part II- The Data Trace Gases in the Atmosphere & Global Climate Change IDS 102 The Greenhouse Effect Part II- The Data Trace Gases in the Atmosphere & Global Climate Change Background & History of Earth s Atmosphere: The primary gases in Earth s atmosphere are 78% nitrogen,

More information

Human Activity and Climate Change

Human Activity and Climate Change Human Activity and Climate Change Textbook pages 482 501 Section 11.1 11.2 Summary Before You Read How might climate change affect the region where you live? Record your thoughts in the lines below. What

More information

Global Warming Science Solar Radiation

Global Warming Science Solar Radiation SUN Ozone and Oxygen absorb 190-290 nm. Latent heat from the surface (evaporation/ condensation) Global Warming Science Solar Radiation Turbulent heat from the surface (convection) Some infrared radiation

More information

Physics 100 Lecture 17. The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming April 2, 2018

Physics 100 Lecture 17. The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming April 2, 2018 1 Physics 100 Lecture 17 The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming April 2, 2018 2 Class Quiz Ch. 7: Suppose your car burned bituminous coal instead of gasoline. How much coal would provide the same energy

More information

Comments on Human and Natural Forcings. Climate changes (1900 to 2000) due to human activity. Climate Variability and Climate Change

Comments on Human and Natural Forcings. Climate changes (1900 to 2000) due to human activity. Climate Variability and Climate Change Comments on Human and Natural Forcings Human input of GH gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, CFCs ) has warmed the planet: net RF = +2.9 W/m 2 The largest single warming factor is increased

More information

Climate Change. Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming

Climate Change. Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming Climate Change What is climate change Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming Global Warming = World wide increase in average Temp. Cause = greenhouse effect 1 Some would argue the Global Warming trend is natural

More information

Climate Change, Global Warming & Ocean Biology. Doug Capone May 2008

Climate Change, Global Warming & Ocean Biology. Doug Capone May 2008 Climate Change, Global Warming & Ocean Biology Doug Capone May 2008 Disclaimer: I m a Microbial Ecologist not a Climate Dynamicist IPCC 4 th Assessment And I d rather have a bottle in front of me than

More information

Energy and the Earth. Key words: Incoming Solar Radiation, Electromagnetic wave, Greenhouse effect, conduction, convection, radiation.

Energy and the Earth. Key words: Incoming Solar Radiation, Electromagnetic wave, Greenhouse effect, conduction, convection, radiation. S c i e n c e Energy and the Earth Key words: Incoming Solar Radiation, Electromagnetic wave, Greenhouse effect, conduction, convection, radiation. Energy transfer Heat is energy in transit from warmer

More information

Global Warming and Climate Change

Global Warming and Climate Change Global Warming and Climate Change Weather vs. Climate Weather refers to short term conditions (e.g. 24 hrs.) in meteorological conditions such as temperature, pressure and rainfall Climate is average weather

More information

Today. Terrestrial Planets. Atmospheres Climate. Factors affecting atmospheres. Earth, Venus, Mars. Greenhouse effect from planetary perspective

Today. Terrestrial Planets. Atmospheres Climate. Factors affecting atmospheres. Earth, Venus, Mars. Greenhouse effect from planetary perspective Today Terrestrial Planets Earth, Venus, Mars Atmospheres Climate Greenhouse effect from planetary perspective Factors affecting atmospheres EXAM NEXT TIME Why the sky is blue Atmosphere scatters blue light

More information

Name: Class: Date: 6. Most air pollution is produced by a. thermal inversions. c. ozone layer depletion. b. fuel burning. d. volcanic eruptions.

Name: Class: Date: 6. Most air pollution is produced by a. thermal inversions. c. ozone layer depletion. b. fuel burning. d. volcanic eruptions. Name: Class: Date: Air Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is often used to remove poisonous gases from industrial

More information

Suitable for grades 3-5. atmospheric composition. solar radiation. climate variability and change. volcanoes. clouds. carbon cycle.

Suitable for grades 3-5. atmospheric composition. solar radiation. climate variability and change. volcanoes. clouds. carbon cycle. Color and Understand the Global Climate System atmospheric composition solar radiation climate variability and change H 2 0, CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, O 3, etc. aerosols volcanoes clouds atmosphere-ice interaction

More information

Atmosphere. The layer of gas surrounding the Earth

Atmosphere. The layer of gas surrounding the Earth Earth and Space Notes: Atmosphere Atmosphere The layer of gas surrounding the Earth Breakdown: Nitrogen (~79%) Oxygen (~21%) Argon, CO2, methane, ozone, water, nitrous oxides, sulphur dioxide, etc Gases

More information

The IPCC Working Group I Assessment of Physical Climate Change

The IPCC Working Group I Assessment of Physical Climate Change The IPCC Working Group I Assessment of Physical Climate Change Martin Manning Director, IPCC Working Group I Support Unit 1. Observed climate change 2. Drivers of climate change 3. Attribution of cause

More information

Weather and Climate. Disciplinary Core List of Standards (NGSS) for K-2 Earth Science Progression - K-ESS2 Earth s Systems

Weather and Climate. Disciplinary Core List of Standards (NGSS) for K-2 Earth Science Progression - K-ESS2 Earth s Systems Disciplinary Core List of Standards (NGSS) for K-2 Earth Science Progression - K-ESS2 Earth s Systems ESS2.D Weather and Climate - Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature

More information

Evidence and implications of anthropogenic climate change

Evidence and implications of anthropogenic climate change Evidence and implications of anthropogenic climate change Earth s Climate has always been changing 1) Is climate changing now? Global Warming? Sea level rising IPCC 2007 Fig. 5.13 (p. 410) Recontructed

More information

1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere

1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere CHAPTER 22 1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere SECTION The Atmosphere KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What are the layers of Earth s atmosphere? How has Earth s atmosphere

More information

Contents. Permafrost Global Warming: An Introduction...4. Earth Is Getting Hotter...6. Green Homes The Greenhouse Effect...

Contents. Permafrost Global Warming: An Introduction...4. Earth Is Getting Hotter...6. Green Homes The Greenhouse Effect... Contents Global Warming: An Introduction...4 Earth Is Getting Hotter...6 The Greenhouse Effect...8 Greenhouse Gases...10 Ozone Layer Depletion...12 The Carbon Cycle...14 The Kyoto Protocol...16 Climate

More information

Lecture 11: Global Warming

Lecture 11: Global Warming Lecture 11: Global Warming CO 2 CH 4 How much of the global warming is caused by Natural climate change and by human activities? What is the sensitivity of Earth s climate to the increases of greehouse

More information

LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 18e G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN. Climate Disruption. Cengage Learning 2015

LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 18e G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN. Climate Disruption. Cengage Learning 2015 LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 18e G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN 19 Climate Disruption 19-1 How Is the Earth s Climate Changing? Considerable scientific evidence indicates that the earth s atmosphere is

More information

Overview of Climate Science

Overview of Climate Science 1 Overview of Climate Science This overview of climate science is written to support the development of a K- 14 climate education plan for the Pacific Islands Climate Education Partnership (PCEP). It aims

More information

2. Climate Change: Projections of Climate Change: 2100 and beyond

2. Climate Change: Projections of Climate Change: 2100 and beyond Global Warming: Science, Projections and Uncertainties Global Warming: Science, Projections and Uncertainties An overview of the basic science An overview of the basic science 1. A Brief History of Global

More information

Funding provided by NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Project ALTERING CLIMATE. Basic Climatology Oklahoma Climatological Survey

Funding provided by NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Project ALTERING CLIMATE. Basic Climatology Oklahoma Climatological Survey Funding provided by NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Project ALTERING CLIMATE Basic Climatology Oklahoma Climatological Survey ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS Acid Rain Acid Rain is the precipitation that carries

More information

TERMS TO KNOW: Climate change:a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century

TERMS TO KNOW: Climate change:a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century TERMS TO KNOW: Climate change:a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of

More information

Earth s Dynamic Climate

Earth s Dynamic Climate UNIT 3 Earth s Dynamic Climate Topic 3.1: What is climate, and how has it changed during Earth s history? Topic 3.2 : Where are the effects of climate change felt, and what is their impact? Topic 3.5:

More information

The Atmospheric System 6.1

The Atmospheric System 6.1 The Atmospheric System 6.1 What is the atmosphere? Layer of gas that surrounds our planet. The atmosphere is a dynamic system with inputs, outputs, storages and flows. Heat and pollutants are carried

More information

Def: Climate is the average weather. Averages all the local, regional and global extremes in weather. - Occurs on long time scales

Def: Climate is the average weather. Averages all the local, regional and global extremes in weather. - Occurs on long time scales Climate Change Def: Climate is the average weather. Averages all the local, regional and global extremes in weather. - Occurs on long time scales Most important factor in climate is how the Earth responds

More information

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: The RECYCLING of MATERIALS through living organisms and the physical environment.

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: The RECYCLING of MATERIALS through living organisms and the physical environment. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: The RECYCLING of MATERIALS through living organisms and the physical environment. BIOCHEMIST: Scientists who study how LIFE WORKS at a CHEMICAL level. The work of biochemists has

More information

Concentrations of several of these greenhouse gases (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O and CFCs) have increased dramatically in the last hundred years due to human

Concentrations of several of these greenhouse gases (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O and CFCs) have increased dramatically in the last hundred years due to human Global Warming 1.1 The facts: With no atmosphere surrounding the earth the surface temperature would be 17 o C. However, due to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation emitted

More information

Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 3/6/2014

Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 3/6/2014 Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 3/6/2014 MRS 1 Due Tuesday Second exam will be postponed until after spring break The sun drives the climate of Earth http://www.spaceweather.com/images2002/18mar02/cme_c3_big.gif

More information

AST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System

AST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System AST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System Next: How can we explain Earth s unique atmosphere. What kept Earth s climate stable? How did Earth's atmosphere end up so different? 1. Why did Earth retain most

More information

READING QUESTIONS: Global Climate Change GEOL /WI. 2. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences from the textbook (p.

READING QUESTIONS: Global Climate Change GEOL /WI. 2. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences from the textbook (p. READING QUESTIONS: Global Climate Change GEOL 131 18/WI NAME DUE: Tuesday, April 24 57pts Climate and Geology (p. 382) 1. List the five spheres included in the climate system. (5 pts) Detecting Climate

More information

Is the Earth Getting Warmer?

Is the Earth Getting Warmer? ReadWorks Is the Earth Getting warmer? Is the Earth Getting Warmer? In 1975, a scientist named Wallace "Wally" Broecker Wrote a paper in which he asked a simple question: was the Earth getting Warmer?

More information

Introduction. This activity is in the style of a Unit 3 exam question.

Introduction. This activity is in the style of a Unit 3 exam question. Introduction This activity is in the style of a Unit 3 exam question. Note that this activity, while being in the style of an exam question, has not been subject to the careful evaluation and revision

More information

Climate Change not New

Climate Change not New Chapter 19: Climate Change and Ozone Depletion APES 2013 1 Climate Change not New Altered by volcanic emissions, changes in solar input, meteor impacts Relatively stable over the last thousand years, but

More information

Main Natural Sources of Greenhouse Gases

Main Natural Sources of Greenhouse Gases Main Natural Sources of Greenhouse Gases Content Atmospheric Composition Composition of the Earth s Atmosphere Greenhouse Gases The Radiative Forcing bar chart: AR5 version Natural Greenhouse Gases Water

More information

RENEWABLE ENERGY NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY Hydro Solar Biomass RENEWABLE ENERGY The motion associated with rapidly falling water, waves and tidal currents can be harnessed to drive turbines and generate electricity. RENEWABLE ENERGY Energy from

More information

Do Now 5 Minutes. Based on what you know about the Carbon Cycle, how does carbon dioxide get in to our air?

Do Now 5 Minutes. Based on what you know about the Carbon Cycle, how does carbon dioxide get in to our air? Do Now 5 Minutes Topic CO 2 Cycles, Feedback Loops, and Albedo Based on what you know about the Carbon Cycle, how does carbon dioxide get in to our air? How does carbon dioxide get removed from the air?

More information

ASTRONOMY 161. Introduction to Solar System Astronomy. Class 16

ASTRONOMY 161. Introduction to Solar System Astronomy. Class 16 ASTRONOMY 161 Introduction to Solar System Astronomy Class 16 Earth s Atmosphere Monday, February 19 Earth s Atmosphere: Key Concepts (1) The Earth s atmosphere consists mainly of nitrogen (N 2 ) and

More information

Chapter 19: Global Change

Chapter 19: Global Change 1 Summary Of the Case Study Polar Bear population in the Antarctic going down because temperatures are going up and melting the caps. Polar bears are losing their habitat, they also can t get their food

More information

The Chemistry of Climate Change. Reading: Chapter 8 Environmental Chemistry, G. W. vanloon. S. J. Duffy

The Chemistry of Climate Change. Reading: Chapter 8 Environmental Chemistry, G. W. vanloon. S. J. Duffy The Chemistry of Climate Change Reading: Chapter 8 Environmental Chemistry, G. W. vanloon. S. J. Duffy The Science of Global Climate There's a lot of differing data, but as far as I can gather, over the

More information

Climate Change. (Adopted by AMS Council on 1 February 2007) Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 88

Climate Change. (Adopted by AMS Council on 1 February 2007) Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 88 Climate Change An Information Statement of the American Meteorological Society (Adopted by AMS Council on 1 February 2007) Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 88 The following is an Information Statement intended to

More information

PHY392S Physics of Climate. Lecture 1. Introduction

PHY392S Physics of Climate. Lecture 1. Introduction PHY392S Physics of Climate Lecture 1 Introduction Slides based on material from Prof. K. Strong PHY392S - Physics of Climate Lecture 1, Page 1 Some Definitions Weather the fluctuating state of the atmosphere

More information

Dr David Karoly School of Meteorology

Dr David Karoly School of Meteorology Global warming: Is it real? Does it matter for a chemical engineer? Dr David Karoly School of Meteorology Email: dkaroly@ou.edu Recent global warming quotes Senator James Inhofe (R, Oklahoma), Chair, Senate

More information

Energy, Greenhouse Gases and the Carbon Cycle

Energy, Greenhouse Gases and the Carbon Cycle Energy, Greenhouse Gases and the Carbon Cycle David Allen Gertz Regents Professor in Chemical Engineering, and Director, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources Concepts for today Greenhouse Effect

More information

NCERT solution for Natural Resources

NCERT solution for Natural Resources 1 NCERT solution for Natural Resources Question 1 How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars? Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen (79%), oxygen (20%), and a small fraction

More information

ATM S 211 Final Examination June 4, 2007

ATM S 211 Final Examination June 4, 2007 ATM S 211 Final Examination June 4, 2007 Name This examination consists of a total of 100 points. In each of the first two sections, you have a choice of which questions to answer. Please note that you

More information

Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change Global Climate Change Hello Initial Ideas 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Warm car cold day 1.3 Eliciting: Burning fossil fuels 1.4 My actions & global climate change 1.5 Advise Gwen 1.6 Initial MySystem 1.7 Energy

More information

The Earth s Atmosphere-I. GEOL 1350: Introduction To Meteorology

The Earth s Atmosphere-I. GEOL 1350: Introduction To Meteorology The Earth s Atmosphere-I GEOL 1350: Introduction To Meteorology 1 Overview What is the composition of Atmosphere? How did the atmosphere arrive at its current state? 2 Earth s Atmosphere Earth s atmosphere

More information

Global Climate Change. The sky is falling! The sky is falling!

Global Climate Change. The sky is falling! The sky is falling! Global Climate Change The sky is falling! The sky is falling! 1 Global Climate Change Radiative Equilibrium, Solar and Earth Radiation Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases Global Climate Change

More information

What is climate change? - BBC News

What is climate change? - BBC News What is climate change? - BBC News Media caption Why we should care about climate change? In December, of cials from across the world will gather in Paris, France, to try to hammer out a deal to tackle

More information

Is the Earth Getting Warmer?

Is the Earth Getting Warmer? Is the Earth Getting Warmer? In 1975, a scientist named Wallace Wally Broecker wrote a paper in which he asked a simple question: was the Earth getting warmer? When the paper was published, some of Broecker

More information

Closed Systems A closed system is a system in which energy, but not matter is exchanged with the surroundings.

Closed Systems A closed system is a system in which energy, but not matter is exchanged with the surroundings. 2.2 Notes Objectives Compare an open system with a closed system. List the characteristics of Earth s four major spheres. Identify the two main sources of energy in the Earth system. Identify four processes

More information