Climate Compatible Projects: Tanzanian Experiences. Shiv Tripathi

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1 Climate Compatible Projects: Tanzanian Experiences Shiv Tripathi

2 Focus Areas How population increase relates to economic development and environmental issues? Why climate compatible energy solutions needed in Tanzania? Do we have holistic policy framework? What are the major sustainable energy initiatives in?

3 Tanzania: A Profile Parameter Population 46,220,000 Total Geographical Area People Currency and Exchange Rate Gross Domestic Product (GDP) GDP Growth 7% Inflation 19.8% 945,000 sq km Description Some 120 ethnic groups on the mainland, none exceeding 10% of the population 1 USD = 1, TZS 1 TZS = USD US$ 23.71bn

4 Population and Sustainability Increasing Reliance on Forest and Natural Resources Deforestation Increase in Population Poverty, Health and Threat to Sustainability Increased demand Decreased Supply Resource Crisis Climate Change Rainfall Pattern Rising Sea-Level

5 Tanzania: Some Indicators

6 Some Issues to Think??? 7% GDP indicates consistency in growth but how to avoid adverse impact on environment? 90% population depends on biomass for cooking. Do we have alternative? Large number of poor depends on Biomass driven economy. Could we replace that? The population can disturb the balance of Growth-Sustainability equation

7 Some Climate Change Impacts Adverse impact on the yield of the important crops. The Kilimanjaro glacier retreat Distribution, and species composition of the forests Decrease the runoff water in the rivers and basins Socio-Economic Consequences Rise in the sea level Impact on the energy requirements Irrigation Cooling

8 The Policy Framework The policies guided by fundamental principles derived from Tanzania Vision 2025 Tanzania Millennium Development Goals National Strategy of Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) or MKUKUTA National Environmental Policy provides a complete framework. Minimization of woodfuel consumption Promotion of sustainable renewable energy resources; National Energy Policy looks into the sustainable solution needs Development of indigenous and renewable energy sources Environmental considerations for all energy activities; Policies need better synchronization Older policies need revision.

9 Biofuel in Tanzania: Input-based Distribution

10 Jatropha Experience Advantages Energy Security and Sustainability Export Opportunities for low cost producers. Huge potential of smallholder farmers engagement. New Employment Source Changing the status-quo of rural women. Some Issues to Think Large scale plantations, land-use and social impacts Contribution to environment depends on entire life cycle from production to use.

11 CASH Farmers Grow Jatropha Pick Jatropha Fruits and Remove Hulls SEEDS Diligents Local Collection Centre Sold to Local Market to be Used as Cooking Fuel BRIQUTTES Diligent Premises (Arusha) Mechanical Pressing Filter and Storage OIL OIL To Export Market Sold to Local Clients Diligents Jatropha Value-Chain

12 The Biogas Advantage Economical for Cooking and Lighting Environmental and health friendly Bio-slurry is a powerful fertilizer. User friendly as compared to charcoal, etc.

13 Biogas in Tanzania More than 1900 operational units Different Technologies Tested CAMARTECH, MIGESADO, Tublar Plastic, Superflex and Floating Drum Rural people did not seek much benefit in technology improvement Richer people have been reluctant to invest Only profit appears to be main criteria for customer Due to required livestock of the target group the small farmers not much benefited Biogas use is sometimes hindered by lack of sufficient water. Biogas implementation has to be combined with capacity building in regard to biogas technology. Experiences with the tubular plastic digesters show only limited lifetimes High initial cost Technology can be seen as mature and widely available in Tanzania.

14 Tanzania Domestic Biogas Programme The projections include; Construction of 12,000 new biogas plants nationwide; Ensuring the proper operation of at least 95% of the constructed biogas plants; Developing facilities to ensure proper bio-slurry use in at least 80% of the target biogas households; Provision for second inlet pipe to allow future toilet connection in all the target biogas plants.

15 Challenges Ahead??? Thank you!!