The impact of technology innovation on green chemistry and lowcarbon
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1 vailable online Jounal of Chemical and Phamaceutical Reseach, 214, 6(6): Reseach ticle ISSN : CODEN(US) : JCPRC5 The impact of technology innovation on geen chemisty and lowcabon economy gowth Li Zhou 1, Ning Zhang 1 and Qing-yi Chen 2* 1 School of Management, Minzu Univesity of China, Beijing, China 2 School of Business, Renmin Univesity of China, Beijing, China BSTRCT The taditional chemical industy bings the envionment pollution has been vey seious, hazadous waste ae poduced woldwide each yea up to 3-4 Million tons, this situation only cause ham to the envionment, but also theaten the suvival of mankind. Technical innovation is an effective solution to this poblem,fist of all, we constuct the endogenous economic gowth model to analyze the low-cabon economic gowth, fom the esults we can get that: if the technical innovation has a sufficiently high efficiency, economy can ovecome the constaint of non-enewable enegy consumption, achieve geen chemisty and low-cabon economy gowth. Theefoe, technological innovation is the fundamental way to solve the poblems of envionment and esouces, and also the essence to develop low-cabon economy. China should bette use financial factos to pomote the low-cabon economic gowth and change the economic gowth model. Keywods: Technology Innovation, Geen Chemisty, Financial Functions, Low-cabon Economic Gowth INTRODUCTION t pesent, the global waming poblem which caused by cabon dioxide emissions is causing a lot of attention fom intenational society. In 25 the wold economic foum put climate change as one of the thid big challenges in the wold, G8 summit to climate change as one of the most impotant issues[1]. In 26, the Bitish govenment announced the " Sten eview " dafted by Nicholas who is the fome wold bank chief economist, this epot make a quantitative analysis to the economic effects of global waming, and point out that the economic costs of climate change is almost same as a wold wa economic loss. Thus, geenhouse gas emissions is closely elated to the level of economic development and the quality of human life[2], global climate change may also have evolved as a disaste which will affect the whole wold. fte 198 s, with the apid development of Chinese economy, the enegy consumption is inceasing fast, the total enegy consumption gew nealy five times within 3 yeas in China[3]. Chinese enegy consumption mainly includes coal, oil, natual gas and othe fossil fuel; coal accounting 71.4% of the total enegy consumption, oil accounting fo 2%, natual gas accounting fo 2.4%, as shown in Figue 1. While the cabon dioxide emissions poduced by fossil enegy consumption accounted 75% of China total cabon dioxide emissions [4]. China s cabon dioxide emissions gowth ate has been the foefont of the wold and gowth apidly in ecent yeas. t pesent, China s cabon dioxide emissions poduced by fossil enegy consumption have been anked second in the wold. It is expected that by 23, China s cabon dioxide emissions is likely moe than the United States, anking fist in the wold [5]. Since the 196's, the population dimensions and economic goss gows continuously, as the eath's natual esouces deceased and the human envionment deteioated, envionmental poblem get moe and moe attention. Dasgupta [6] and eal using CES poduction function, they consideed the non-enewable esouces as aw mateials and put 539
2 Qing-yi Chen et al J. Chem. Pham. Res., 214, 6(6): them into the poduction function to study the economic gowth. Stiglitz[7]consideing the population gowth factos in the new classical economic gowth model. Finance is the coe facto of the economy gowth, the histoy of economic development shows that: the ole of finance has been gowing in the past five hunded yeas to pomote economic development, especially in the highly developed moden economy; finance has played an ieplaceable ole. The fist schola who compehensive studies the elationship between finance and economy gowth is Bagehot, he found that the financial system plays a key ole by poviding lage capital duing the Bitish industial evolution. Schumpete[8]ague that financial intemediay sevices is has cucial effect to economy gowth, bank pomoting technical innovation by povide funds to the most competitive entepeneus, and finally pomote the economic gowth. Guley and Shaw [9] developed the Schumpete's point of view; they think that financial development is a necessay condition fo economic gowth. Patick [1] fist put fowad the causal elationship between finance and economic gowth; he thinks thee is a two-way causal elationship between finance and economic gowth. EXPERIMENTL SECTION 2.1 Low-cabon economy gowth model We analyze a closed economy which has five sectos: the final poduct secto, human capital secto, R&D secto, intemediate poducts secto and enegy poduction secto. Economic opeating mechanism is that: uman capital secto develop human capital, wee used fo the final poduct secto, R&D depatment and human capital secto; R&D secto use human capital and existing technology to develop new technologies; intemediate poducts secto use the mateial capital and technology which povided by R&D depatments to poduct a seies of duable intemediate poducts; enegy poduction depatments engaged in poduct enewable enegy ; the final poduct secto use human capital, intemediate poducts and enewable enegy souces to poduce the final poduct. The final poduct secto poduces the final poduct and exhaust cabon dioxide emissions at the same time. Economic opeation mechanism can be shown as figue 1. ccoding to the meaning of low cabon economy gowth, it equies non-enewable enegy gowth ate was negative, while the cabon dioxide emissions gowth ate is also negative. Because we should gadually educe the non-enewable enegy consumption duing the poduction pocess, othewise it can not solve the cabon dioxide emissions poblem fundamentally, also cannot achieve a low cabon economy gowth. Figue 1. The opeating mechanism of the economy 2.2 Vaious depatments' poduction function We pesume the final poduct poduction function D-S function, and intoduce the non-enewable enegy as a facto into the poduction function, theefoe, the poduction function of final poduct secto is: = X die (1) i 54
3 Qing-yi Chen et al J. Chem. Pham. Res., 214, 6(6): In fomula 1, <<1; <<1; <<1, and + +=l. This means that the poduction function has constant etuns to scale. epesent human capital which has been put into final poduct secto, epesent pe capita output, is the type numbe of intemediate poducts, epesent the stock of technical knowledge. We pesume is continuous; Xi is the quantity of intemediate poduct i; E is non-enewable enegy that put into final poduction depatment. uman capital mainly depends on the poduction efficiency of human capital and input quantity, theefoe, the human capital poduction function: = ( ) δ (2) ssume that the technology in R&D secto is non-exclusive; so, technology innovation mainly depends on the Depatment's human capital investment and the existing technical stock. The R&D secto poduction function: = δ (3) epesent the technical stock in economy; δ epesent possibility of technological innovation, the geate the δ is the highe the possibility of technological innovation; epesent the human capital investment. In the intemediate poducts secto, once the new vaieties of poducts o design was invented by the R&D depatment, one unit of the intemediate poduct Xi (i [,]) just consumed 1 units of mateial capital K, theefoe, the capital amount can be expessed as: K = X di (4) i ccoding to the final poduct secto poduction function, the entie intemediate poduct Xi is asymmetical, and the input equiement is same. Fo i [,],we can get Xi= X=K. Put this into the final poduct poduction function, we can get: 1 = x E = K E (5) We pesume thee is no capital depeciation, theefoe, the incease of capital stock value equals to the total output subtacts consumption, and thus the mateial capital accumulation equation is: K = C (6) We assume S is the stock of non-enewable; E is enegy into flow the final poduct poduction pocess. We assume existing enegy ae non-enewable, the initial stock of enegy is S, and then the stock of enegy is: S = S 1 E( v)dv (7) Based on the deivation of time t, we can get consumption changes of non-enewable enegy: S = E (8) ssumed epesentative consume has a standad fixed elastic utility function in the infinite domain; U c 1 c 1 ( C) = Le d = e di 1 (9) The c=c / L epesent pe capita consumption, L epesent the total population, as we assume the total population is 1, thus, the pe capita consumption ae equal to total consumption. σ is maginal utility elasticity,ρ is the consume's time pefeence. ccoding to input and output of the final poduct depatment, human capital development of 541
4 Qing-yi Chen et al J. Chem. Pham. Res., 214, 6(6): human capital depatment, technology eseach and development of the R&D depatment, poduction of poduct depatment and non-enewable enegy consumption, Social dynamic optimization mathematical expession can be shown as: U C 1 ( C) = max e di max (1) We use amilton function to calculate the value of this dynamic optimization model, the equation is: C C 1 = + λ1 1 σ = + λ 3 1 [ K E C] + λ δ ( ) ( δ ) + λ ( E) 4 2 [ ] (11) On the balanced gowth path, each vaiable gowth ates wee constant. ccoding to elationship of consumption, investment and output, we can known that the economic vaiables, C, K have the same gowth ate, and g, g c, g x ae the same constant. ccoding to the above fomula, then the only tansvesality condition is: ( 1 σ ) ρ < g (12) ccoding to the substance of low cabon economy gowth, the necessay condition to achieve a low cabon economy gowth is: g >, g E <, it means the pe capita output inceases ceaselessly, the consumption of nonenewable enegy souces ceaselessly educe. To achieve this conditions need δ,δ sufficiently lage; ρ sufficiently small and σ 1. Theefoe, once the economy has enough human capital accumulation efficiency and technical efficiency, it will esulting in highe efficiency of technological innovation and can educed consumption of nonenewable enegy souces, achieve the low-cabon economy gowth. 2.3 Empiical Results We make the empiical test of the elationship between the financial factos and the enegy consumption. I use the annual data of Loans of financial institutions (DK); the dimension is billion yuan RMB. I chose total enegy consumption in chemical industy(e) as enegy vaiable, sample data fom the yeas , data fom 213 China Statistical eabook and new China fifty-five yeas of statistic infomation. In ode to solve the nonlinea poblem, I take natual logaithms of DK and E, as InDK and lne. In this pape, I ues the DF unit oot test method to test the smoothness of each vaiable; the esult is shown as table 1. Table 1. The DF unit oot test esults of InDK and lne vaiables LnDK LnE d.lngdp d.lne DF Test Statistic Inspection type(c,t,k) (c,,) (c,,) (c,,1) (c,,1) 1% Citical Value Stationay o not NO NO ES ES In ode to study the cointegation elation between lndk and lne, I made a Johansen Cointegation Test, the esult stated in table 2.ccoding to the esults fom table 2, we can get that InDK and lne has a stong co integation elationship at 5% significance level. Table 2. The co-integation test between lndk and lne eigenvalue Tace test 5% Citical Value ypothesized No of CE(s) None* t most 1* ccoding to the test esults fom table 2, I get the nomalized co-integating equations fo LnE in China: LnE= LnDK+µ t= ( ) ( ) The cointegation elation between lndk and lne is positive, that means financial factos will cause enegy consumption and cabon dioxide emissions. In ode to validate the causal elationship between financial institution 542
5 Qing-yi Chen et al J. Chem. Pham. Res., 214, 6(6): loans gowth ate and enegy consumption gowth ates, I used the Gainge causality test as shown in table 3. The esult demonstates that, financial institution loans gowth ate is the Gainge eason to enegy consumption gowth ate, while enegy consumption gowth ate is not the Gainge eason to financial institution loans gowth ate. It means that financial factos have pomoted economic gowth, but also pomote the enegy consumption and cabon dioxide emissions. Table 3. GRNGER causality test esults ypothesis Lag F-statistic P value Receive o not LnE does not Gange Cause LnDK ES LnDK does not Gange Cause LnE NO LnE does not Gange Cause LnDK ES LnDK does not Gange Cause LnE NO CONCLUSION This pape focuses on the mechanism that how financial factos pomote geen chemisty and the low cabon economy gowth. Fist of all, by using the endogenous economic gowth model to analyze the low-cabon economic gowth, fom the esults we can get that: if the technical innovation has a sufficiently high efficiency, economy can ovecome the constaint of non-enewable enegy consumption, achieve low-cabon economy gowth. Thee need to explain that though the analysis of the model we can get that technology innovation can pomote low-cabon economic gowth, and the low-cabon economy gowth is a necessay condition to the low cabon economy development. Theefoe, technological innovation is the fundamental way to solve the poblems of envionment and esouces, and also the essence to develop low-cabon economy. China should bette use financial factos to pomote the low-cabon economic gowth and change the economic gowth model. REFERENCES [1]Z Gang, Intenational finance eseach, 21,1,78-84 [2]P Shui-jun;B Qun,Quantity economic and technical economic eseach, 26,3,69-77 [3]Z Si-hai, Development Reseach, 211,2,15-11 [4]W ing, the wold economy and politics, 212,8,11-16 [5]S De-ong, Jounal of uazhong Univesity of Science and Technology, 211,9,2-24, [6] P Dasgupta; Q eal,economic Theoy and Exhaustible Resouces, Cambidge Univesity Pess, 1979,79-88 [7] J Stiglitz, Review of Economic Studies, 1974,2, [8]S Joseph,The Theoy of Economic Development: n Inquiy into Pofits, Capital, Cedit, Inteest, and the Business Cycle, avad Univesity Pess, 1934,23-28 [9] JG Guley;ES Shaw, meican Economic Review, 1955,45-47 [1]C ang-yun, Jounal of Regional Financial Reseach, 211,5,
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