5th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Athens June 2017

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1 5th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Athens June GHG emissions from an Integrated Solid Waste Management System: The case of Dubrovnik Neretva County/Croatia E. IEREMIADI ENVIROPLAN S.A., 23 PERIKLEOUS & IRAS STR GERAKAS ATHENS, GREECE, INFO@ENVIROPLAN.GR

2 ENVIROPLAN Consultants and Engineers S.A. independent private consulting firm, founded in Athens in We provide Technical Consulting, Engineering & Project Management Services and we specialize in Environmental Management & Engineering Projects, emphasizing in Waste Management. ENVIROPLAN S.A. is considered one of the leading companies in Waste Management sector in Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, F.Y.R.O.M., etc. ENVIROPLAN S.A. is certified according to : DIN EN ISO 9001:2008, EN ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007 and holds also a permanent professional Indemnity Insurance Contract with Lloyd s. The company s headquarters are in Athens and branch offices are established in Thessaloniki, Skopje, Bucharest, Larnaka, Zagreb and Ankara.

3 Project background In 2014, Dubrovnik Neretva County in Croatia launched procurement procedures for technical assistance services in relation to the elaboration of Feasibility Studies and EU project funding applications according to the regulations. The project area included Dubrovnik Neretva County with 139,441 citizens / 65,119 t MSW (2013). 3

4 Project background Data for 2013 Permanent Citizens Seasonal Citizens Total Population 122,509 citizens 480 kg/capita/year or 58,804 t/year 16,932 citizens 370 kg/capita/year or 6,265 t/year 139,441 citizens 467 kg/capita/year or 65,119 t/year 4 Total surface: 9, km 2 (land area 1,782 km 2, maritime area7, km 2 ) Proposed waste management facilities: RWMC at Lučino razdolje including waste treatment and disposal 6 Transfer stations Metkovic TS Dubrovnik TS Janjina TS Vela Luka TS Lastovo TS Mljet TS

5 Project background 5

6 Project background 6 The option analysis of the project regarding the Waste Management Centre Technology in Dubrovnik Neretva County resulted in four main scenarios. The scenarios were based on objectives and recent national legislation for waste management and took into consideration the production and composition of the County s waste. Proposed Scenarios Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Description Mechanical separation with recovery of Recyclables and RDF and biological treatment (aerobic composting) for CLO production Mechanical separation with recovery of Recyclables and RDF, wet AD with electricity production and dewatering of digestate Biological treatment (Biodrying) for production of low quality SRF and mechanical separation with recovery of Fe/Al Mechanical Separation with recovery of recyclables and RDF, dry fermentation with electricity and heat production and bio stabilization of digestate (Hybrid MBT)

7 Project background 7 Within the elaboration of the Feasibility Study and in accordance with the Guide to Cost Benefit Analysis of Investment Projects ( ), the incremental calculation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were implemented. The Carbon Footprint Methodology was used for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions. This method provides a series of emissions factors derived from internationally recognized sources. The calculation of the emissions included: Both direct and indirect GHG emissions from the different components of the waste management system and from the alternative waste treatment technologies examined GHG emissions, Avoided GHG emissions and Net GHG emissions of an incremental approach (with without project scenario)

8 Introduction 8 Green house gases that can be included within the footprint include the seven gases listed in Kyoto Protocol, namely: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), per fluorocarbons (PFCs), methane (CH 4 ), sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) nitrous oxide (N 2 O), nitrogen fluoride (NF 3 ). hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Total emissions of these gases are counted in units of CO 2 equivalent. The potential sources of direct GHG emissions from the activities included in the project s proposed waste management system for the Dubrovnik Neretva County are shown in the following table: Selected examples of sources of direct GHG emissions by activity type: Activity GHG Type Potential sources of emission Transport CO 2 CO 2 from mobile equipment combustion. Biological waste treatment plants CH 4 CH 4 from anaerobic digestion of biodegradable waste. Municipal solid waste landfills CH 4 CH 4 from anaerobic digestion of biodegradable waste.

9 Project Boundaries The project boundaries define what is to be included in the calculation of the absolute, baseline and relative emissions. For the definition of the scope of GHG emissions that were taken into account in the carbon footprint calculation, the literature has generally accepted the approach developed by the GHG Protocol: 9 Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions. Occur physically from sources operated by the project within the project boundary. For example, emissions produced by industrial processes and by fugitive emissions inside the project boundary. Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions. From electricity generation that is consumed by the project. The indirect emissions are produced outside of the project boundary (i.e. at power plant level) but since a project has control over consumption and can improve it with energy efficiency measures, emissions should be allocated to the project. Scope 3: Other indirect GHG emissions. Consequence of the activities of the project that occur from sources not operated by the project (i.e. indirect emissions outside the control of the operator, such as emissions by suppliers).

10 Project Boundaries 10 According to international standards and methodologies for the assessment of Project GHG emissions and emission variations, only Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions and Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions of projects are normally included in the footprint exercise. In order to quantify GHG emissions released and avoided in the waste management system, the system is separated into its individual components: Material Recovery Facility (MRF) Anaerobic Digestion Composting Mechanical Biological treatment (MBT) Waste incineration Landfill Specific emission factors deriving from the literature are applied to calculate the GHG emissions that are characteristic for the individual processes that take place in these facilities.

11 Quantification Process and Methodology 11 The Carbon Footprint Methodology used provides a series of emissions factors derived from internationally recognized sources, e.g. GHG Protocol and IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories. To quantify the European Investment Bank (EIB) carbon footprint for investment projects and the associated relative emissions compared to the baseline the following series of activities must be followed: Define project Boundary Emission scopes to include Quantify absolute project emissions (Ab) Identify & quantify baseline emissions (Be) Calculate relative emissions Re=Ab-Be

12 Specific Assumptions 12 For the GHG emissions calculation, the following specific assumptions were used: Assumptions regarding carbon contents of MSW Necessary for the estimation of carbon contents (total carbon, degradable/ dissimilable organic carbon and fossil carbon) of the different waste fractions treated. Assumptions regarding GHG emissions from waste collection and transportation Those GHG emissions depend on the distance travelled by waste collection and transport vehicles, the vehicle type and size of payload. General, fixed assumptions on vehicle types used, payloads and km travelled are used. Assumptions regarding GHG emissions from waste treatment Different emission factors and assumptions regarding different waste treatment processes included in the project: Anaerobic Digestion, Landfilling. Assumptions regarding avoided GHG emissions through recycling of recovered materials Specific emission factors were applied to calculate avoided GHG emissions through recycling of materials recovered from waste. Assumptions regarding avoided GHG emissions through recovery of energy from waste Due to the fact that the proposed technology treatment includes energy production (heat or electricity) from waste, in the GHG calculator has been used the Electricity country grid emission factor including grid losses for electricity imported from grid and the Electricity Country grid emissions factor excluding grid losses for electricity exported to grid.

13 Results from GHG Emission Calculations 13 As part of the option analysis, and taking into consideration the aforementioned methodology and assumptions, the quantification of GHG emissions for each examined scenario was performed, including GHG emissions in without project scenario and the incremental calculations for each scenario. Total t CO 2 (eq) /year (Net) Total t CO 2 (eq) /year (Net) Total t CO 2 (eq) /year (Net) Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Quantification of GHG emissions in all scenarios (With project) 23,274 24,142 16,225 24,432 Quantification of GHG emissions in all scenarios (Without project) 12,797 12,797 12,797 12,797 Quantification of GHG emissions in all scenarios (Incremental approach=with Without project) 36,072 36,939 29,023 37,230 Scenario 4 is the recommended scenario, which includes: mechanical separation with recovery of Recyclables and RDF, dry fermentation with electricity and heat production and biostabilization of digestate.

14 Analytical GHG Emission Calculations Without Project Scenario 14 GHG emissions, avoided GHG emissions and Net GHG emissions (average ), in t CO 2 (eq), for the different components of the waste management system in the baseline (without project) scenario. WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO Mixed Waste from Households GHG emissions from waste collection and transport (t CO 2 (eq)) 454 GHG emissions from waste treatment (t CO 2 (eq)) 19 GHG emissions from landfills (t CO 2 (eq)) 17,413 GHG emissions avoided through recycling of materials recovered from waste (t CO 2 (eq)) 2,422 GHG emissions avoided through recovery of energy from waste (t CO 2 (eq)) Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 15,463 Bulky waste from households GHG emissions from waste collection and transport (t CO 2 (eq)) 27 GHG emissions from waste treatment (t CO 2 (eq)) 251 GHG emissions from landfills (t CO 2 (eq)) 12 GHG emissions avoided through recycling of materials recovered from waste (t CO 2 (eq)) 2,957 GHG emissions avoided through recovery of energy from waste (t CO 2 (eq)) Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 2,666 Green waste from parks and gardens * Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 0 Mixed waste from markets * Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 0 TOTAL WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO GHG EMISSIONS (t CO 2 (eq)) 12,797 * Note: According CEA data for year 2013, in DNC there were no quantities of green waste and market waste

15 Analytical GHG Emission Calculations Without Project Scenario 15 GHG emissions for the mixed household waste and the bulky waste from households

16 Analytical GHG Emission Calculations With Project Scenario 16 GHG emissions, avoided GHG emissions and Net GHG emissions (average ), in t CO 2 (eq), for the different components of the waste management system in the with project scenario (Sc4). WITH PROJECT SCENARIO0 Mixed Waste from Households GHG emissions from waste collection and transport (t CO 2 (eq)) 362 GHG emissions from waste treatment (t CO 2 (eq)) 1,128 GHG emissions from landfills (t CO 2 (eq)) 1,745 GHG emissions avoided through recycling of materials recovered from waste (t CO 2 (eq)) 23,519 GHG emissions avoided through recovery of energy from waste (t CO 2 (eq)) 1,483 Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 21,767 Bulky waste from households GHG emissions from waste collection and transport (t CO 2 (eq)) 27 GHG emissions from waste treatment (t CO 2 (eq)) 251 GHG emissions from landfills (t CO 2 (eq)) 12 GHG emissions avoided through recycling of materials recovered from waste (t CO 2 (eq)) 2,957 GHG emissions avoided through recovery of energy from waste (t CO 2 (eq)) Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 2,666 Green waste from parks and gardens * Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 0 Mixed waste from markets Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) * 0 TOTAL WITH PROJECT SCENARIO GHG EMISSIONS (t CO 2 (eq)) 24,432 * Note: According CEA data for year 2013, in DNC there were no quantities of green waste and market waste

17 Analytical GHG Emission Calculations With Project Scenario 17 GHG emissions for the mixed household waste and the bulky waste from households

18 Analytical GHG Emission Calculations Incremental Approach INCREMENTAL APPROACH Mixed Waste from Households Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 37,231 Bulky waste from households Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 0 Green waste from parks and gardens * Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 0 Mixed waste from markets * Total net GHG emissions (t CO 2 (eq)) 0 TOTAL INCREMENTAL GHG EMISSIONS (t CO 2 (eq)) 37, Incremental GHG emissions can be calculated if we subtract the GHG emissions in with project scenario from GHG emissions without project scenario. * Note: According CEA data for year 2013, in DNC there were no quantities of green waste and market waste

19 Analytical GHG Emission Calculations Incremental Approach 19

20 Conclusions/Summarized results 20 In the context of the Feasibility Study for Development of an Integrated and Sustainable Waste Management system in Dubrovnik Neretva County an option analysis for the Waste Management Centre Technology was performed and four main waste management scenarios have been defined. ThedirectandindirectGHGemissionsforthedifferentcomponentsofthewastemanagementsystemandforthe alternative waste treatment technologies examined, were calculated. The quantification of GHG emissions for each examined scenario of the project and also for the without project scenario has been implemented taking into consideration the Carbon Footprint Methodology. The scenario that ranked as the better solution Sc4 had the best performance regarding GHG emissions. The percentage of reduction in year 2020 in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with the scenario of the implementation of the project, compared by year 2013 year, has been calculated to 301%. With Project Scenario Net GHG emissions, t CO 2 eq ,039 9,909 24,222 24,224 24,405 24,527 24,638 24,678 Total net GHG emissions from 2013 to 2044, from the present project which have been calculated by Jasper s calculation model.

21 21 Thank you for your attention Eleni Ieremiadi Tel

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