Production of Biofuels and Value-Added Products

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Production of Biofuels and Value-Added Products"

Felicia Gallagher
5 years ago
Views:

Metabolically engineered microbial systems and the conversion of agricultural biomass into simple sugars Microbial for the production Systems of biofuels For and The valueadded products Production of

1 Metabolically engineered microbial systems and the conversion of agricultural biomass into simple sugars Microbial for the production Systems of biofuels For and The valueadded products Production of Biofuels and Value-Added Products Dr. Vasu D. Appanna Chair, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Laurentian University Laurentian University ext Dr. Vasu D. Appanna Chair, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Laurentian University Professor of Biochemistry ext

2 Global energy demand (GED) Contribution to total global energy (%) GED NRES RES 2

3 Biomass-derived energy Energy costly Lack of available enzyme 3

4 Biofuel production pathways 4

5 Composition of biomass as energy carrier 5

6 Biofuel Production 6

7 Biofuel production 7

8 The biochemistry of biofuel production Cellulose Cellulase Monosaccharides Enzymatic conversion Ethanol Butanol Starch glucosidases Enzymatic conversion Triglycerides Hydrolysis glycerol + Biodiesel 8

9 Potential raw materials for bioconversion Must remove lignin 9

10 The saccharide composition of different forest residues 10

11 Saccharide composition of different agricultural residues 11

12 Economic value of biomass-derived fuels Fuel *Energy Yield (Btu) Net Energy (loss) or gain Gasoline 0.74 (26 percent) Diesel 0.83 (17 percent) Ethanol percent (corn ethanol) Biodiesel percent 12

13 Bioconversion of agricultural/forest waste streams into biofuels Agricultural and forest biomass (straw, stover, lignincellulose, hemicellulose, and biodiesel waste) Microbial metabolism and conversion Simple sugars (glucose, fructose, disaccharides) Value-added products pyruvate citrate α-ketoglutarate succinate butanol ethanol butanoate 13

14 Conversion of cellulose into ethanol 14

15 Glycerol waste can be used for biofuel production Biological T.G. -Rape -Soy -Palm -Sunflower Hydrolysis Glycerol (Waste) BIODIESEL (Fatty Acid) Microbial conversion BIOETHANOL Simple Sugars -Glucose -Mannose -Ribose -Xylulose Microbial Fermentation BUTANOL BUTANOIC ACID SUCCINATE CITRATE PYRUVATE α-ketoglutarate 15

16 Commercial value of products generated from glycerol Glycerol $7.60/100g Succinic Acid $21.80/100g Citric Acid $23.00/100g Ethanol $ 0.2/liter Butanol $ 1.2/liter DHA $32.20/100g G3PDH $38.60/100u GDH $124.00/100u ADH $379.50/100u 16

17 Does not employ GMO Our system Uses selective biological pressure directed evolution Low cost Low energy demand Minimizes toxic wastes and unusable materials (no sulfur containing compounds produced) No pretreatment of the biomass materials Highly specific process (tailored to our desire) with bioconversion into value-added products TRANSLATES INTO GREEN TECHNOLOGY 17

18 Xylose and Arabinose.content in hemicellulose 18

19 Ethanol production from xylose 19

20 Butanol production from xylose 20

21 Wood bioreactors: conversion of xylose into commercial products 21

22 Grass reactors and the production of simple sugars grass Enzymatic breakdown of cellulose and hemicellulose D-glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose Enzymatic conversion into value-added products Grass cells microbes Stat culture 1 day growth Stat culture 7 days growth 22

Picture of Dan s xylose culture Cellulose and hemicellulose enriched media Enzymatic breakdown by acclimatized organisms Remove liquor (contains xylose, arabinose,

23 Picture of Dan s xylose culture Cellulose and hemicellulose enriched media Enzymatic breakdown by acclimatized organisms Remove liquor (contains xylose, arabinose, glucose, cellobiose,etc) Enzymatic break down by organisms acclimatized to xylose Consordium which gained confluency in 3 days in 20mM xylose Biofuels, bioethanol, butanol 23

24 Generation of value-added products and biofuels from agricultural/forestry waste streams Products Value-added products Grass Straw Peanut shell Xylose Wood chips Simple carbohydrates (total conversion of 35%) Simple carbohydrates (total conversion of 37%) Proteins (total conversion of 40%) Simple carbohydrates (total conversion of 60%) Simple carbohydrates (total conversion of 20%) Butanol, ethanol, commercial acids Butanol, ethanol, commercial acids Protein enriched feed Butanol, ethanol, commercial acids Butanol, ethanol, commercial acids 24

25 Glycerol reactors produce biofuels and value added products Grow in abnormally high concentration of glycerol Produce both fermentable sugars and value added products Use a nutrient stress system 25

26 Glycerol metabolism and biofuel production Glycerol 26

27 Glycerol as a source of ethanol and butanol Glycerol Ethanol Butanol 27

28 The TCA cycle can provide valueadded products From Glycolysis 28

29 Glycerol conversion into biofuels Total carbohydrates (g/l) Total Proteins (g/l) control Nutrient stress Amount of carbohydrates and protein in the media were measured following a 70h growth period. Total carbohydrates measured by Dubois assay Total protein measured by Bradford assay Proliferating medium. This has not been tested in the nonproliferating But I have the samples frozen. Can still test for carbs before you leave. 29

30 Conversion of glycerol into keto acids NOTE: 10% culture max pyr production at 72h. 5% culture max pyr production at 24h Cultures are nutrient stress non-proliferating medium 30

31 1% Nonproliferating converts glycerol to KG Grams of glycerol consumed Max KG detected at 8h incubation. Grams of α-ketoglutarate produced Control (8h) % Nutrient stress (8h) % This is in non-proliferating media containing 1% v/v glycerol. No pyruvate was detected. % conversion of glycerol to α- ketoglutarate (glycerol/kg) 31

Microbial Systems For The Production of Biofuels and Value-Added Products Agricultural Biomass Corn, Grass, Straw Peanut Shell, Forest Waste Microbial Digestion Biological Triglycerides Rapeseed,

32 Microbial Systems For The Production of Biofuels and Value-Added Products Agricultural Biomass Corn, Grass, Straw Peanut Shell, Forest Waste Microbial Digestion Biological Triglycerides Rapeseed, Soybean, Palm Oil, Sunflower Oil Oligosaccharides Monosaccharides Glycerol BioDiesel Microbial Conversion Microbial Conversion Biofuels and Value Added Products: - Ethanol - Pyruvate - a-ketoglutarate - Succinate - Butanol 32

Biofuels & Biochemicals an innovation challenge. From Biomass to Bioproducts. Han de Winde. Leiden University Faculty of Science

From Biomass to Bioproducts Biofuels & Biochemicals an innovation challenge Han de Winde May 14th, 2013 Leiden University Faculty of Science Delft University of Technology Department of Biotechnology >>