Low Carbon Rural Technologies. Priyadarshini Karve

Transcription

1 Low Carbon Rural Technologies Priyadarshini Karve

2 Biomass-based Cooking Energy Technologies

3 Beyond electricity? Solid Eg: wood, biomass, charcoal, briquettes Liquid Eg: alcohol, bio-gasoline Gas Eg: woodgas, biogas Biomass can give fuels equivalent to fossil fuels. Fuels represent stored energy that can be converted into heat, electricity, mechanical energy, as and when required. Biomass can be a source of substitutes for many other petrochemicals.

4 Biomass is climate Friendly Use of biomass as fuel is greenhouse gas neutral, provided the green cover remains constant. Carbon dioxide from atmosphere Rotting biomass Burning biomass Biomass

5 Biomass is controversial! Food Vs Fuel!! Where is the extra land to grow energy crops??? We cannot maintain forest cover to match growing energy demand!!!

6 Solar Energy Processing of agricultural produce Agricultural Produce Agricultural Biomass Processing Waste Agricultural Waste Organic Waste Solid, Liquid, Gaseous Biofuels

7 How Significant are Biofuels for India? Annual Agricultural Waste 800 million ton 9 million tonnes of biofuels + Equitable Energy Access + Organic Fertilizers going back to soil Annual urban organic waste 100 million ton Available technologies At least 10 million ton of Petroleum Import REDUCED!

8 Bharatlaxmi Stove Single pot stove without chimney Can take up any fuel that is burnt in traditional stove like fuel wood, cow dung cakes, etc. 30% fuel saving, 80% smoke reduction, 30% reduction in cooking time Annual saving in wood/stove: 334 kg Cummins Diesel India Foundation sponsored Bharatlaxmi Stoves for 1000 houses in Nandal and Surawadi Villages in Phaltan Block, Dist Satara, Maharashtra State, creating smoke free homes. Under trial at various locations through Joint Forest Management programmes.

9 Bharatlaxmi Stove Kit

10 Bharatlaxmi Stove Assembly

11 Results of field testing conducted by Cummins India Team Reduction in Wood Consumption 30% Reduction in CO Emision 80% Reduction in time to boil 30% Benefits of New Stove Wood consumption reduced by 30% CO emission reduced by 80% Time reduced by 30%

12 Fixed Improved Cookstoves Training is provided for stove installers. Templates for molds and metallic parts are supplied to local fabricators. Fuel saving stove single or double pot, with or without chimney.

13 Sampada Sampada Gasifier Stove Stove Natural draft gasifier stove, burns with a smokeless flame once gasification phase sets in Stainless steel outer body Fuel: Wood chips, biomass briquettes, small twigs, wood chunks, woody biomass like coconut shells, corn cobs, cotton stalks, etc. Charcoal produced as a bye product, if fuel is hard wood

14 Sushmanth Smokeless Biomass Stove Clean and smoke less burning of biomass Reducing toxic emissions For bulk cooking in establishment like Mess, Canteen, Restaurant, Caterers, Dining halls, Roadside eateries Fuels used: firewood, biomass briquettes Electricity required for 60 W blower Fuel cost saving compared to commercial LPG: 60-85%

15 ELFD Sampada Smokeless Stove Samuchit s latest innovation - Forced draft stove without electricity driven blower. For bulk cooking in establishment like Mess, Canteen, Restaurant, Caterers, Dining halls, Roadside eateries Fuels used: firewood, biomass briquettes, woody agro-waste or forestry waste, coconut shells, etc. Steam power is used for creating the draft required for gasification. Fuel cost saving compared to commercial LPG: 60-85%.

16 Waste Biomass to Charcoal Local production units for converting waste biomass from forest floor or agriculture into char Portable charring kilns Hand or motor operated briquetting machine for converting char powder into briquettes Feedstock (for char powder): Leaf litter, dry weeds, dry grass, dry bushes, agriwaste, etc. Feedstock (for charcoal): dead wood, wood waste, bamboo waste, woody agriwaste, etc. Successful operation by a rural cooperative company in Satara district using sugarcane trash as input. Previous version of Technology already introduced successfully through forest department in Thane and Gadchiroli districts.

17 If only 1% of all agricultural waste is converted to renewable charcoal Total fuel available annually: ~ 2.5 million ton Per family annual fuel requirement: ~ 175 kg Total number of families that can reduce 50% dependence on LPG: ~ 14 million families (~ 80 million people) Employment generation through renewable charcoal manufacture and supply: 1.2 million persons, earning Rs.200 per day for 200 days annually.

18 Biochar as Soil Amendment Agent CONTROL 4 KGS BIOCHAR COMPOST 8 KGS BIOCHAR COMPOST

19 Biochar Urinals TAPPING NITROGEN FROM URINE OF ANIMALS AND PEOPLE USING BIOCHAR

20 Other Biochar Applications BIOCHAR BRICKS, GREEN BUILDINGS WATERLESS CLEANING

21 Renewable Materials Example: Bamboo as a replacement for Steel

22 Chemical Treatment for Bamboo Impregnate freshly cut bamboo poles with a treatment mixture of 10 l water g sodium dichromate g copper sulphate boric acid or borax, using an ordinary insecticide pump. Above solution sufficient for bamboo poles. Outdoor life of treated bamboo pole: years. Treated bamboo poles can replace steel members in many outdoor structures.

23 Low Cost Water Tank

24 Bamboo Pavilions

25 Bamboo Carts

26 Bamboo Solar Dryer

27 Low Carbon Technologies for Livelihood Generation

28 Farming on raised beds

29 Cattle fodder on raised beds Total Area: 100 sq m. Raised beds: 80 sq m. Walkways: 20 sq m. Napier grass growth cycle: 40 days. Fodder requirement of one milk cow: 40 kg/daily. Yield: 20 kg/sq m. Harvesting and replanting 2 sq m daily, will provide the fodder requirement of one cow on a daily basis. Dung and urine of the stall fed cow goes back into the bed as organic fertilizer.

30 Root mats: Possible bye-product of fodder cultivation

31 Thank You! Contact: