E Eco Generatio n. School Kit CLIMATE CHANGE

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1 School Kit CLIMATE CHANGE

2 This Power Point presentation is a part of the Samsung Engineering's Eco-generation School Kit The Power Point presentation is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

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9 What is Climate? Climate refers to the general pattern of atmospheric or weather conditions, seasonal variations and weather extremes in a region, averaged over a long period at least 30 years.

10 Factors responsible for climate on earth are: l Atmosphere air circulation l Earth's rotation, shape, inclination and distance between earth and sun l Oceanic currents l Human activities

11 Climate and Weather? Weather is the atmospheric condition found in a place at any particular time. The various atmospheric conditions that constitute weather include temperature, varying pressure, hot and cold air currents, formation of clouds, precipitation, solar radiation, etc. Climate on the other hand refers to the general pattern of atmospheric or weather conditions, seasonal variations and weather extremes in a region, averaged over a long period at least 30 years.

12 What is atmosphere? Layer Extent Temperature Troposphere 14.5 km from earth s surface 17º C to -52º C Stratosphere Up to 50 km from earth's surface -52º C to -3º C Mesosphere Up to 85 km from earth's surface -3º C to -93º C Thermosphere Up to 600 km from earth's surface 1,727º C Atmosphere is a blanket of gases surrounding the earth

13 What happens if there was no atmosphere? Too hot too cold Source:

14 The Greenhouse Effect l A part of the atmosphere contains Greenhouse gases (GHGs), which forms a blanket around earth's surface. l GHGs absorb some part of the heat from sunlight and trap it near the earth's surface. l This natural mechanism is known as Greenhouse Effect. Source: CEE Photo Bank

15 Natural Green House Gases 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Methane 3. Nitrous oxide 4. Water vapor 5. Ozone Source: CEE Illustration Bank

16 What happens if GHGs level in the atmosphere increases? l More heat is retained on the earth's surface l Earth's temperature rises causing warming of the planet l Increase in ambient temperature of the earth leads to change in climate

17 Human Source of GHGs Human Source of Green House Gases Green House Gases Carbon dioxide Sources Fossil-fuel burning Industrial processes Deforestation Methane CFCs Nitrous oxide Water vapor Livestock Paddy fields Biomass burning Transport and burning natural gas Coal mining Sewage/landfills Refrigeration Foams Aerosols Solvents Fossil fuel burning Fertilizers Biomass burning Deforestation Manure management Oceans Rivers Seas Lakes

18 Global emission of Greenhouse gases from different sectors Source: UNEP, JRC/PBL (2012) (EDGAR 4.2 FT, 2010

19 Violent weather events Source: CEE Photobank

20 Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps will increase water in seas. This along with expansion of sea water due to warming would rise sea level, and it would submerge small islands and coastal areas. Source:

21 will substantially reduce the available water in many water-scarce areas of the world Source: CEE Photo Bank

22 Changes in rainfall pattern and temperature will result in low agriculture output, imposing threat to global food security Source: CEE Photo Bank

23 Climate change will have severe impact on the natural ecosystems resulting in the migration, reproductive abilities, extinction of species Source: CEE Photo Bank

24 Deaths due to heat waves, and other extremes would be some of the direct consequences that world would face. Tropical diseases (like malaria) could spread to the temperate regions Source:

25 Influence of the social and economic structures of nations around the world will give rise to civil wars, conflicts and refugees Source: CEE Photo Bank

26 How can we reduce the impacts of climate change? l Actions that reduces the cause of Climate Change and its consequences on human health, well being and environment. l Activities that reduces the adverse impact of on human health and well wealth and taking opportunities of the climatic environment provides.

27 Cut down usage of fossil fuels Source:

28 Shifting to renewable energy sources Source:

29 Reducing deforestation Source:

30 Promoting energy-efficient products and cleaner technologies Source:

31 Carbon Sequestration Source:

32 A Model Framework for to l l l l Waste less water Grow crops that need less water Prohibit construction of new buildings on low lying coastal areas Move hazardous material storage tanks far away from coastal areas Sources: IPCC4th Assessment Report 2007 Thomson Education

33 International Actions on United Nations Framework Convention on (UNFCC) International Panel on (IPCC) United Nations-Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (UN-REDD) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

34 Individual actions for reducing the impact of climate change l Conserve energy at home and school by switching off lights and fan when not required l Prevent waste Recycle, Reuse, Refuse what you do not need(plastic bags, extra packaging) l Use public transport, carpool and walk/bicycle for short distances l Eat local and in-season food l Harvest rain water l Plant saplings

35 CREDITS Programme Team Rajeswari Gorana Jyoti Gopinathan Erika Lim Christy Lee Guidance Madhavi Joshi Mamata Pandya Design Hardik Raval Support Services Sumegha Parmar Priyal Patel Photo Credits UNEP, JRC/PBL (2012) (EDGAR 4.2 FT, 2010 CEE Illustration Bank CEE Photo Bank