Environmental Assessment of green buildings using GRIHA. Priyanka Kochhar TERI 15 th May,2009

Transcription

1 Environmental Assessment of green buildings using GRIHA Priyanka Kochhar TERI 15 th May,2009 Contents Conventional building construction practices in India Result and impacts of the same National Priorities Green building features and impacts GRIHA in the Indian scenario-approach to rating Case study

2 Conventional building construction practices Client expresses requirement; Preparation of project brief Preparation of architectural drawings (Criteria: to balance functional requirements with façade & capex) HVAC Thumb rule design Electrical Thumb rule design Plumbing Thumb rule design Landscaping Thumb rule design High factor of safety High factor of safety High factor of safety Collation & preparation of construction drawings by architect Implementation of drawings by site contractor Independent interior design implementation As a result Independent goals for each member of the project team Lack of a coordinated approach High resource (energy & water) consumption & waste generation Very high operational costs Example: Top soil excavated- soil & vegetation to be re-laid Parking design-flooding (imperviousness), heat islands, ground water depletion Thumb rule design of buildings & services

3 The more inefficiently one builds Requirements for Artificial lighting, space conditioning, sewage treatment etc. INCREASE Pollution, heat given out into the atmosphere, urban heat islands, ground level ozone, smog, etc. INCREASE Requirement to isolate oneself from the external environment INCREASES GRIHA in the Indian scenario-approach to rating International way Efficiency (primarily by usage of high performance envelope and energy efficient systems) Economics Effectiveness not questioned (lighting level achieved, thermal comfort achieved- it is assumed that the design shall achieve the ASHRAE standards ) GRIHA way Economics Efficiency Effectiveness questioned (is light level adequate? Level of thermal comfort achieved)

4 In sync with objectives of National Action Plan on Climate Change Mission on sustainable habitat Promotion of ECBC Solid waste management Mission on solar energy Consolidates and build upon the efforts of various organizations NBC 2005, ECBC, MNRE, BIS codes and standards Key highlights of GRIHA Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation Combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like, energy and water Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on architecture with present day technology Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards (e.g National building code 2005, Energy Conservation Building Code 2007, IS codes) Is in complete alignment with government policies and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF)

5 Building types Commercial Residential 5 climatic zones Hot Dry Warm Humid Composite Temperate Cold GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment Set of 34 criteria point system with differential weightage on various criteria

6 MNRE incentive scheme for GRIHA Registration Fee 90% of Reg. Fee to be reimbursed by MNRE Projects upto 5000 sq.m. built-up area with minimum 3 star rating Projects > 5000 sq.m. built-up area with minimum 4 star rating Release of funds to owners after validation of star rating postconstruction Incentive to architects/ design consultants Projects upto 5000 sq. m. built-up area with minimum 3 star rating - Rs. 2.5 lakhs Projects > 5000 sq.m. built-up area with minimum 4 star rating - Rs.5.00 lakh Release of incentive to architects/ design consultants after validation of star rating post-construction MNRE incentive scheme for GRIHA Capital subsidy for SPV installations 1% of total connected load for interior lighting and space conditioning, subject to a maximum of 100 KW, to be provided capital subsidy Rs. 75,000/ KW may be provided as capital subsidy Release of capital subsidy to the owner after validation of the final rating post-construction Choice of system configuration stand-alone, with or without battery storage, or grid connected, or BiPV, to be left to the owner Urban Local Bodies One-time incentive of Rs. 50 lakhs to Municipal Corporations and Rs lakhs to other ULBs will be available that announce rebate in property tax for energy efficient solar/green buildings rated under GRIHA and make it compulsory to get the new buildings under Govt. & Public Sector rated under GRIHA. An MOU will be signed by the concerned Municipal Corporation/ ULBs with GRIHA Secretariat for large scale promotion of Green Buildings in their area. Awards of Rs. 50 lakhs to Municipal Corporation and Rs lakhs to other ULB who performs the best

7 First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur Trees preserved and protected Solar PV and Solar Thermal systems Outdoor solar lights N-S Orientation with shading (roof/window) Lesser paving Annual Energy Savings Initial energy performance EPI = 240 kwh/m 2 per annum Envelope optimisation EPI = 208 kwh/m 2 per annum 59% savings EPI = 168 kwh/m 2 per annum Lighting optimisation Efficient chiller EPI = 133 kwh/m 2 per annum Final energy performance EPI = 98 kwh/m 2 per annum Controls for HVAC system

8 Impact of EE measures on costs Built up area is 4240 sqm of which 1912 sqm is air conditioned Key energy efficiency features that added to cost (35 lacs) High performance glazing (Incremental cost of Rs 12.5 lacs) Roof insulation(incremental cost of 7 lacs) Efficient lighting with controls(incremental cost of 9 lacs) High efficiency chillers/pumps/fans (about 34 TR which is 30% of total tonnage was saved, hence there was a decrease in cost by about 4 lacs) Earth air tunnel (11 lacs) Annual energy savings : 18.5 lacs Life Cycle Cost Analysis A technique used to evaluate the economic consequences of mutually exclusive project alternatives over a period of time. Payback: 2 years

9 Co benefits Reduction in air conditioned spaces due to careful planning Reduction in window area and better utilization of daylight Good indoor air quality Enhanced productivity Minimised heat island effect Why GRIHA? Integrated approach Energy and resource efficiency does not work if applied in an isolated / piece-meal manner Eg. Water reduction energy consumption reduction Stress on regional architectural interventions Based on passive design approach Major time investment in reducing resource consumption through the same Address our prioritised national concerns Energy Water Waste Looking back, to look forward in the words of architect Karan Grover India s rich architectural heritage passive design, climate sensitive, etc.

10 Client expresses requirement. Project brief prepared. --Architecture-- Passive design Building Envelope Common goal of reduced energy and resource consumption --Energy-- Lighting (natural and artificial) Space conditioning (natural and artificial) Renewable Energy Optimal space utilization Material specs TERI prepares and evaluates project specific common goals for sustainable design, such as: Reduced impact on ecology Economic Feasibility Reduced energy consumption --Landscape-- Native species Natural Shading Noise and dust control Perviousness Without compromise on comfort conditions Integrated approach All systems designed optimally --MEP-- HVAC Electrical Water supply Water and waste water recycling Reduced water consumption Reduced material consumption Reduced waste generation Reduced dependence on grid --Construction Green construction practices OSHAS --Interiors-- Low embodied energy Indoor environmental quality Low VOC CFC / HCFC free No over-design, minimal wastage Maximum benefit in the long run Payback in 2 years Reduced timing Reduced wastage Reduced pollution GRIHA - Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building,and in turn.measure greenness of a building in India Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, GoI What gets measured gets managed