SOLAR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT. Dr. B.F. TCHANCHE Agricultural University of Athens, Greece OR

Transcription

1 SOLAR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT Dr. B.F. TCHANCHE Agricultural University of Athens, Greece OR

2 Overview Introduction System components Solar thermal collectors Market potential System design Examples System cost Barriers African context Conclusion ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 2

3 Introduction Annual solar radiation - Meteotest, Berne, Switzerland PV panels Batteries, inverter, cables, etc Electricity Solar thermal collector Heat exchangers, storage tank, controllers, etc Heat Electricity PV-T ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 3

4 System Components Solar radiation Water Vapor Pressurized water PCM etc Auxiliary heater/ boiler Space heating Domestic hot water Solar collector Storage tank End-uses Industrial processes (cooling, heating, etc) Flat plates Evacuated tubes Parabolic trough etc Control system Power generation ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 4

5 Solar thermal collectors Global Irradiance Ig 100% Reflection 8% Glass cover radiation Forced convection Absorption 2% Free convection insulation Heat conduction Usable heat (<60%) Collector operating principle flat plate (photo-thermal conversion) ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 5

6 Solar thermal collectors Unglazed flat plate Double glazed flat plate Evacuated tube Hot Air solar collector single glazed flat plate Parabolic trough ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 6

7 Solar thermal collectors CPC collector Maximum reflector collector (mareco) Combined heat and power solar collector (CHAPS) heliostat Compact linear fresnel reflector Paraboloidal dish reflector ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 7

8 Solar thermal collectors Type T [C] Concentra Tracking tion ratio Air collector Pool collector Reflector collector Solar pond Solar chimney Flat plate collector Advanced Flat Plate collector Combined heat and power solar collector (CHAPS) One-axis Evacuated tube collector Compound Parabolic CPC Fresnel reflector One-axis technology Parabolic trough One-axis Heliostat field + Central receiver Dish concentrators Two-axis Two-axis Typical operating temperature and concentration ratio for different solar collectors Efficiency vs temperature ranges (1kW/m2) Temperature and Applications Low temperature solar collectors (T<80 ºC) Heating (swimming pool, hot water, space) Medium Temperature collectors (80<T<400 ºC) Process industrial heat!! High Temperature collectors (T>400 ºC) Power generation ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 8

9 Market potential Final Energy Use of the EU-Industry Industrial sectors Paper Food & beverage industries Textile industry Metal & plastic Chemical industry Electricity 33% Processes Heat 67% ESTIF European Solar Thermal Industry Federation ( Drying Washing Cleaning Frying/cooking Liquid/solid heating/cooling Space heating/cooling Sterilization Distillation etc ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 9

10 Market potential Industry Process Temperature ( C) Food industry Sterilization Pasteurization Cooking Bleaching Washing Chemical Soaps Synthetic rubber Processing heat Pre-heating water Plastics Preparation Distillation Separation Extension Textile Bleaching, dyeing Drying, degreasing Fixing Pressing Processes and temperature ranges (kalogirou, 2003) ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 10

11 System design example Solar collector Buffer solar storage tank Boiler 90 ºC Heater Heat exchanger 70 ºC Bath Industrial bath Ref. SOPRO ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 11

12 System design example Air solar collector Fan Fan Gas/liquid heat exchanger Hot air for the process Ambient air Air pre-heating for an open drying process Ref. SOPRO Boiler ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 12

13 Examples Metal processing company Steinbach & Vollman, Germany (2008) Solar coll: vacuum tube, 400 m2, 280 kw Storage: 9 m3 Design: bath heating, heating, domestic hot water Temperature: ºC Energy savings: 30-35% (gas reduction) Capital cost: 240,000 (50% subsidies) Payback period: 7 years (Subs. Incl.) Brewery, Neumarkteur Lammsbrau Gebr. Ehrensperger e.k., Germany (2000) Solar coll.: single glazed flat plate, 72 m2, 50 kw Design: air preheating (drying process) Storage: no Temperature: up to 60 ºC ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 13

14 System Cost 6% 11% 14% 14% Investment Cost Distribution 3% 53% Collector field Piping Planning Storage & Heat exchangers Control system Others In Europe Capital cost: /m2 Heat: 2-8 c /kwh Capital cost location (solar resource, local wages) Application (temperature, load profile) System concept Size of the system System components Ref: SOPRO project ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 14

15 Barriers/Obstacles Identified obstacles Awareness (not known by public, decision makers) Resistance (new tech & business as usual attitude of managers) High investment cost (as most renewable energy technologies) Lack of standard technology (designs, materials) Lack of suitable planning guidelines & tools Lack of training & education How to overcome the barriers Information campaign More demo projects (references) Subsidies Training (workshops, seminars, ) ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 15

16 African context Industries - agro-food & beverage - textile - chemical Conservation of agricultural products - drying - refrigeration Buildings - Air conditioning (60% of energy consumption) The solar resource ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 16

17 African context Major obstacles - lack of technology - high upfront cost - lack of subsidies - lack of appropriate energy policy - lack of skilled workers - lack of research facilities Benefits for countries - landlocked countries/oil imports (energy security) - development of remote areas (PV + solar thermal) - more jobs - less CO2 emissions ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 17

18 More Potential of Solar Heat in Industrial Processes. POSHIP SO-PRO Project ( 2009/28 months IEA SHC (solar cooling & heating): Tasks 33, 38 and Task 49 Solar Process Heat for Production and Advanced Applications begin January ( MEDISCO project (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt) ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 18

19 Conclusion Low temperature solar heating (swimming pools, space heating, domestic hot water) well known and mature! High temperature thermal applications are under development for electricity generation since the 1980s(CSP)! Medium temperature solar applications are at the infancy stage (start 2000) despite the huge potential that exist in industries and buildings. Major technology in the coming decades provided the barriers are overcome: More research Financial support Increase awareness (managers, policy makers) ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 19

20 ANSOLE WEBINAR 27/9/11 20