13-14 LL Final Exam (Science) Biology B Assessment ID: dna.5702 ib LL Final Exam (Science) Biology B

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1 13-14 LL Final Exam (Science) Biology B Generated On March 26, 2014, 3:02 PM PDT

2 1 An ecosystem that has a wide VARIETY of species within it is said to have a large. A. population B. habitat C. niche D. biodiversity 2 If the biodiversity of an ecosystem is increased, the ecosystem will become. A. more stable B. less stable C. less resilient D. more resistant to evolution 3 Which of the following is MOST likely to cause a decrease in biodiversity? A. an immigration of species from another ecosystem B. a decrease in the total population of an ecosystem C. an increase in the total population of an ecosystem D. a species extinction in the ecosystem due to climate change 4 What impact would it have on organisms in an ecosystem if the species were widely diversified? A. It would decrease the chances that some organisms would survive major changes in the environment. B. It would increase the chances that some organisms would survive major changes in the environment. C. It would increase the likelihood that the organisms would reach genetic equilibrium. D. It would increase the likelihood that the allelic frequencies among organisms in the population would remain the same. 5 Biodiversity can be altered by. A. unexpected changes in the climate of an ecosystem B. a fire in the ecosystem C. a flood in the ecosystem D. All of the above 6 Without taking into account any other factors, what effect would an increase in immigration have on the population size of an ecosystem? A. it would increase the population size B. it would decrease the population size C. there would be no change to the population size D. None of the above Generated On March 26, 2014, 3:02 PM PDT Page 1

3 7 Without taking into consideration any other factors, an increase in the emigration rate would have what effect on the population size of an ecosystem? A. it would increase the population B. it would decrease the population C. there would be no change to the population D. None of the above 8 In an ecosystem, a is an example of an organism that photosynthesizes. A. decomposer B. producer C. consumer D. detritivore 9 Decomposers are essential to an ecosystem and get their energy from. A. eating primary producers B. detritus, which are small living organisms C. photosynthesis D. detritus, nonliving organic material 10 Ecosystems rely on interactions between both biotic and abiotic factors. Which of the following is considered an abiotic factor? A. water B. bacteria C. plants D. consumers 11 Environmental resources cycle through both biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem. Which of the following are examples of biotic factors? A. decomposers B. light C. water D. nutrients 12 Both food webs and energy pyramids show relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. A food web is preferred when showing the A. amount of energy transferred from one group to another. B. amount of energy lost as heat. C. individual feeding relationships between organisms. D. relationship between the habitats of species. Generated On March 26, 2014, 3:02 PM PDT Page 2

4 13 An ecosystem includes producers, first level consumers, second level consumers, and third level consumers. To which of these groups is the least amount of energy available? A. producers B. first level consumers C. second level consumers D. third level consumers 14 Primary producers of ecosystems must change into chemical energy. A. rain B. light C. plants D. primary consumers 15 A normally dry ecosystem receives a higher percentage of rain over the course of a four year period. This will affect what trophic level first? A. producers B. primary consumers C. secondary consumers D. tertiary consumers 16 Energy in an ecosystem's energy pyramid always flows from. A. consumers to producers B. producers to consumers C. decomposers to consumers D. decomposers to producers 17 The diagram above shows a simple ecosystem energy pyramid. How much energy is transferred as one moves from level C to level D? A. 10% B. 25% C. 50% D. 90% Generated On March 26, 2014, 3:02 PM PDT Page 3

5 18 Both food webs and energy pyramids show relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. A pyramid is preferred when showing the A. individual feeding relationships between organisms. B. amount of energy transferred from one group to another. C. amount of light energy needed by primary producers. D. amount of heat energy used by organisms at each level. 19 Most of the energy represented in an ecosystem's food web is. A. used by the primary consumers B. lost in the form of heat C. passed along to the top level predators D. broken down by decomposers 20 Scientists monitoring a local forest environment notice the sudden, massive population drop of a native species. This sudden population drop was MOST likely caused by A. cyclical climate change. B. natural ecosystem changes. C. sedimentation in rivers and streams. D. the introduction of a nonnative species. 21 Population cycles in ecosystems are influenced by the availability of food, climate changes, and diseases. Population cycles are primarily caused by A. natural processes. B. human activities. C. species extinctions. D. natural processes and human activities. 22 When a population in an ecosystem begins to decrease because the number of a species of organisms exceeds what the environment can support, the population is said to be above its. A. biodiversity factor B. adaptive radiation C. carrying capacity D. habitat loss factor 23 Many coral species can survive only in a very narrow temperature range. This makes them especially vulnerable to instability in their ecosystem resulting from. A. animal migrations B. seasonal changes C. introduction of invasive species D. changes in climate Generated On March 26, 2014, 3:02 PM PDT Page 4

6 Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question(s) that follow. Ecosystems 24 The total number of species and total population number in a given ecosystem are compared in the graph above. If global climate change alters each habitat, which ecosystem will be the LEAST resilient? A. grasslands B. tropical rain forest C. taiga D. desert 25 The graph above compares the total number of species and total population number in a given ecosystem. Which of the ecosystems above would have the GREATEST amount of species stability following an alteration in habitat from climate change? A. grasslands B. tropical rain forest C. taiga D. desert 26 The graph above compares the total number of species and total population number in a given ecosystem. Which of the ecosystems above has the greatest biodiversity? A. tropical rain forest B. grasslands C. taiga D. desert Generated On March 26, 2014, 3:02 PM PDT Page 5

7 27 Human introduction of nonnative species into an ecosystem usually leads to the uncontrolled population growth of that species because A. the new climate is warmer than their natural climate. B. there is fewer competition for resources in the new ecosystem. C. their reproduction methods adapt to the new ecosystem. D. they have no natural predators in the new ecosystem. 28 Woodpeckers that feed on insects that live in the bark of the local trees have three different beak sizes: small, medium, and long. Which of the following environmental changes would favor the survival of the long beaked woodpeckers? A. A new insect species that lives deep in the bark invades the local tree population. B. Windy weather causes a decrease in the thickness of the tree bark. C. A long drought causes a decline in the local tree population. D. A new woodpecker predator invades the ecosystem. 29 If the ecosystem around a lake suffered a drastic reduction in the amount of rainfall the area received, the ecosystem would. A. change because there would be more animals B. change because the plants would die C. remain the same because plants and animals do not need rain D. remain the same because there is extra water in the lake 30 The water cycle mainly involves the transport of liquid water and water vapor. Considering the three different stages of water in the ecosystem, the water cycle is BEST described as what type of process. A. A physical process B. A chemical process C. A biological process D. An ecological process 31 The clearing of forests for construction and the pollution of ecosystems are both examples of A. natural ecosystem changes. B. nonnative species introduction. C. human habitat destruction. D. sudden climate change. 32 Commercial fishing fleets use a method of fishing called trawling where large nets are dragged along the ocean floor. Which of the following is a NEGATIVE consequence of trawling? A. introduction of nonnative species B. large scale habitat destruction C. extinction of all species in an ecosystem D. sudden climate change Generated On March 26, 2014, 3:02 PM PDT Page 6

8 33 Which of the following factors is an example of how human activity can effect an ecosystem? A. the greenhouse effect B. ozone depletion C. reduction in species diversity D. All of the above 34 Which of the following is MOST likely to cause unexpected changes to an ecosystem? A. climate patterns B. reproductive cycles C. seasonal migrations D. human activity 35 Acid rain is primarily an example of how can effect an ecosystem. A. changes in climate B. population changes C. human activity D. All of the above 36 In some cases, human development of land splits ecosystems into pieces. This process is known as. A. invasive species introduction B. habitat fragmentation C. genetic diversity D. biological magnification 37 The introduction of the pesticide DDT into the ecosystem had its greatest negative affect on the eggs of fish-eating birds like the bald eagle. The concentration of DDT in these birds was found to be 10 million times greater than the original concentration sprayed into the environment. These high concentrations in the bald eagle are MOST likely the result of which process? A. invasive species introduction B. habitat fragmentation C. genetic diversity D. biological magnification 38 As more and more carbon dioxide is released into our atmosphere, the temperature around the Earth is increasing in a process called global warming. What are possible effects of global warming on ecosystems? A. a rise in sea level, changing the coasts where birds and fish live B. shifting temperatures and rainfall, changing conditions for growing food C. increase of heat radiated back into space D. both A and B Generated On March 26, 2014, 3:02 PM PDT Page 7

9 39 What effect would cutting down a large portion of a rainforest have on its ecosystem? A. decrease in the amount of available oxygen B. decrease in the amount of available carbon dioxide C. increase in the diversity of plant and animal life D. stabilization of wildlife migration 40 Following a major change in an ecosystem, an ecosystem is most likely to survive if there is. A. a great diversity of species B. a high birth rate C. a small population D. little or no competition Stop: You have finished the assessment. Generated On March 26, 2014, 3:02 PM PDT Page 8