Water Pollution. And Humans are 70% Water! A. Facts 1. 71% of the Earth s surface is water I. Water and the Planet Earth
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1 Water Pollution
2 Water Pollution I. Water and the Planet Earth A. Facts 1. 71% of the Earth s surface is water Of the 100% of water on the planet, % is fresh water, % is available fresh water &, % is usable available fresh water. And Humans are 70% Water!
3 Water Pollution B. Hydrologic Cycle 1. Water cycles from the oceans to the atmosphere, to the land, & back to the ocean.
4 3. Water Cycle Times Oceans : 3000 to 30,000 years Water Pollution Ice & Snow : 1 16,000 years Groundwater: Days to thousands of years Lakes & reservoirs: 1 to 100 years Atmosphere: 8 to 10 days Rivers & streams: days
5 II. Sources, types & effects of water pollution. A. Define: 1. Water pollution: Water Pollution Any material that causes a physical or chemical change to water that adversely affects living organisms.
6 Water Pollution II. Sources, types & effects of water pollution. 2. Point sources: Pollutants discharged into water at a specific location such as : drain pipes, ditches, sewer outlets, factories, power plants etc. easy to monitor and regulate
7 Water Pollution II. Sources, types & effects of water pollution. 3. Non-point sources: Pollutants discharged over a large area; widely scattered. Runoff from croplands, feedlots, logging areas, lawns, gardens, golf courses, etc. Harder to monitor and regulate.
8 II. Sources, types & effects of water pollution. 3. Non-point sources: household wastes Water Pollution
9 Water Pollution II. Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 1. Disease causing agents. Bacteria, viruses, protozoans, & parasites. Diseases, such as: Typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery, infectious hepatitis, and others. What are coliform bacteria & why are they important? a. E. coli -- Normally harmless resident bacteria found in human digestive tract (up to 2 pounds). They break down foods and manufacture vitamins K & B-12. b. Presence in water is indicator of recent contaminations and potential pathogens.
10 Water Pollution II. Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 2. Biodegradable organic wastes that deplete water of dissolved oxygen. a. Dissolved oxygen (DO): amount of oxygen dissolved in water. Organic wastes = b. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD): amount of oxygen needed by aerobic decomposers to breakdown organic matter in water. B.O.D. = D.O. D.O. c. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): measurement of total depletion of dissolved oxygen in polluted water.
11 Water Pollution Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 2. Biodegradable organic wastes that deplete water of dissolved oxygen. d. Examples: Domestic sewage Animal manure Organic wastes e. Sources: Sewage treatment plants Feed lots Paper mills Textiles Food manufacturing
12 Water Pollution Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 2. Biodegradable organic wastes that deplete water of dissolved oxygen. f. Negative effects: Aerobic decomposers (microbes) use up the oxygen in the water resulting in fish kill. Water Quality D.O. ppm Good 8-9 Slightly Polluted Moderately Polluted Heavily Polluted Gravely Polluted Below 4.0
13 Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 3. Water soluble inorganic chemicals. Water Pollution a. Examples: acids, salts, toxic metals. b. Sources: Irrigation runoff oil drilling Mining urban storm runoff winter road deicing.
14 Water Pollution Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 4. Organic chemicals. a. Examples: crude and refined oil, pesticides, synthetic plastics (over 700 examples). Cuyahoga River on fire
15 Water Pollution Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 4. Organic chemicals. a. Examples: crude and refined oil, pesticides, synthetic plastics (over 700 examples). b. Problems to humans: Kidney problems Cancer birth defects Endocrine disrupters :early onset of puberty (phthalates, parabens mimic estrogen).
16 Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 4. Organic chemicals. -- Alaska Oil Spill Water Pollution
17 Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 5. Inorganic plant nutrients. Water Pollution a. Examples: phosphorus (phophates) & nitrogen (nitrate & ammonia). b. Sources: Sewage treatment fertilizer runoff Feedlots phosphates from detergents. c. Problems to humans: Nitrate poisoning algae blooms (kills fish).
18 Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 6. Sediment or suspended matter. Water Pollution a. Examples: water insoluble rock and soil. b. Problems: Clouds water clogs fish gills reduces photosynthesis.
19 Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 7. Radioactive substances. Water Pollution a. Examples: radium 226, uranium 238. b. Sources: Hospitals medical manufacturing some industries. c. Problems to humans: Birth defects cancers.
20 Sources, types & effects of water pollution. B. Major water pollutants and their effects. 8. Heat. Water Pollution Large amounts of water pulled from waterways to cool equipment and refrigeration units is dumped back into waterways at a higher temperature raising the water temperature and reducing D.O. (dissolved oxygen). temperature = D.O.
21 III. Pollution of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. A. Rivers: 1. Lotic (flowing or running water) Water Pollution 2. Recovers from pollution faster. (in as short as a few days.) B. Lakes & reservoirs: 1. Lentic (still, calm water) 2. Recovers from pollution slowly. (1 year to a 100 years.) C. Eutrophication: 1. natural process of filling in of a body of water. 2. Human activities speed up this process from thousands of years to hundreds of years or less.
22 IV. Ocean Pollution. A. Ocean is the ultimate dumping ground. Water Pollution B. All polluted rivers lead to the ocean. C. Worst problem: PLASTICS 1. Kill 100,000 marine mammals per year. 2. Kill 1 2 million seabirds per year.
23 Water Pollution IV Ocean Pollution.
24 V. Ground Water Pollution. Water Pollution A. It can take Hundreds of years for contaminated ground water to cleanse itself of degradable wastes. B. Non-degradable wastes are there permanently.
25 V. Ground Water Pollution. Water Pollution A. It can take Hundreds of years for contaminated ground water to cleanse itself of degradable wastes. B. Non-degradable wastes are there permanently. E.P.A Priority List of Hazardous Waste Sites U.S. produces over 300 million tons of toxic waste each year. More than 1 TON of toxic waste for every man, woman and child.
26 V. Ground Water Pollution. Water Pollution A. It can take Hundreds of years for contaminated ground water to cleanse itself of degradable wastes. B. Non-degradable wastes are there permanently.
27 Water Pollution V. Ground Water Pollution.
28 Water Pollution V. Ground Water Pollution.
29 Water Pollution What s in YOUR Water?
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