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1 Review of CO2 Capture Technology Roadmap for Power Generation Industry Stanley Santos and John Davison IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme 18 th January 2006 Cheltenham, UK
2 Introduction Presentation Overview Overview of Different Technology Roadmaps for CO2 Capture Japan Australia USA Europe (UK, Germany and EU) Summary
3 Introduction Development of Roadmaps What are the drivers behind the development? What needs to be done? What will be the starting points? How will the technology pathways be defined?
4 Introduction Drivers behind the development of various CO2 Capture Roadmaps look upon the different issues relevant to: energy security reduce dependence on imported resources maximise use of natural resources maintain diversity in the energy mix environmental concern NOx, SO2, PM, mercury and CO2 market competitiveness Cornering of technology export market
5 CO2 Capture Technology Roadmaps
6 Japanese Vision - Development for 21 st Century
7 Japanese Roadmap Development Starting Point
8 Japanese C3 Initiative toward ZET Coal Utilisation Assimilation with Improvement of heat efficiency separation/fixing technologies Realization of zeroemission Coal gasification technology Airblowing gasification F/S Demonstration test 46-48% (Transmission-end efficiency) Commercial facility of IGFC Demonstration test Gasification furnace for industrial use 6/kWh* R&D Demonstration test A-IGCC/ A-IGFC 6-7/kWh 55% (Transmission-end efficiency) >65% (Transmission-end efficiency) A-IGCC A-IGFC Zero-emission FC FC FC FC Fixing technolog R Demonstratio R&D n test Demonstration test Demonstration test of the new separation and recovery technologies Deployment to fully-fledged storage On the assumption that the amount is the same as the current unit price of coal-fired power generation ( 5.9/kWh as calculated on a trial basis by the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan) Timing of commercialization
9 Japanese R&D Programme IGCC Demonstration Project Demonstration of 250 MW IGCC (based on oxygen enriched air blown gasifier) to be operational by 2007 Target efficiency (LHV basis) ~ 48% Energy Application for Gas, Liquid and Electricity (EAGLE) Programme Target to deploy 50 MWe IGFC by 2010 (for distributed electricity) Target to deploy 600 MWe IGFC by 2020 Oxy-Combustion Development International cooperation with Australia Hyper-Coal Project (Ultra Clean Coal Project) International cooperation with Australia Target to produce coal processed to remove ash and other undesirable components which will be fired directly in a turbine.
10 Australia Coal21 Action Plan Lignite Drying Pilot Implement Black & Brown Coal IGCC with CO 2 Capture Demo Commercial Geological Storage of CO 2 Pilot Demo Demo Commercial Oxyfuel Combustion Eval Pilot Demo Commercial Ultra-Clean Coal Pilot Demo Commercial
11 Australian R&D Programme Oxy-Combustion Development Japanese-Australian cooperation Pilot Scale study for PC Boiler Retrofit (25 MWe) Callide A Project IGCC Demonstration Plant Programme Demonstration of IGCC with carbon capture programme Pilot plant study (16 MW and 65 MW) 200 MW will be commissioned at Stanwell Power Station by depending on the outcome of the feasibility study IDGCC for brown coal Target to commission 800 MWe IDGCC by MW IDGCC demonstration project is currently at site selection and costing stage. Decision to proceed will be made by mid-2006 Ultra Clean Coal Development Programme International cooperation with the Japanese (Hyper Coal Project) A relationship was developed with the Chinese power utilities
12 USA Roadmap Development Principle Short-term: keep existing fleet in service; prepare for transition to near-zeroemission future SO 2, NO x, Hg Plant optimization and control Reduced carbon intensity Long-term: add near-zero emission energy plants IGCCs to market Advanced materials Ultra-high efficiency hybrid systems CO 2 capture and storage Rev
13 USA Roadmap Development Global Climate Change Initiative set a target of 18% GHG emission intensity reduction by 2012 (baseline year 2001) Future Gen Integrated Sequestration and Hydrogen Research Initiative US$ 1 Billion 10 year programme Target to demonstration a 275MW polygeneration plant by 2015 Turbine of the Future Programme Development of Gas Turbine firing with H2 rich fuel Rev
14 USA: Overview of the FutureGen Programme Fuel Cells Carbon Sequestration Gasification with Cleanup Separation H 2 Production Optimized Turbines System Integration
15 USA Roadmap Development Clean Coal Technology Clean Coal Power Initiative ( ) US $ 2 Billion over 10 years Power Plant Improvement Initiative (2001) Focus on efficiency improvement and emission reduction VISION 21 Programme 21 st Century Power Plant Material Development Programme Development of boiler material to achieve operating steam temperature greater than 750 o C Rev
16 Vision 21 Programme - Strategy
17
18 German: COORETEC Programme 2050 Potential of Utilisation on Time Scale Vision Materials 800 C Zero- Emission Power Plant Hybrid- Power Plant Steam PP h=55% Oxyfuel- Gas pp h=65% Demo Min. Leaks Capture Steam PP h=50% CO2-Reservoirs with Gas PP h>60% Membranes Materials 700 C CO2/H2-Turbine Procedures Protection Materials Systems CO2- Wash IGCC Demo Strategielinie: Effizienz Strategielinie:CO2-Capture/ Storage low medium Risk of R&D high
19 UK: CAT Options are complementary Carbon Reduction Key issue will be value of CO 2 `Zero Emissions` Trajectory `Increased Efficiency` Trajectory Zero emissions will need the most efficient plant Near-term Mid-term Long-term Time
20 EC: CO2 Capture and Storage R&D Policy A Priority in Long Term Energy R&D in FP6 ( ) Capture and sequestration of CO2, associated with cleaner fossil fuel plants. Targets: reduce the cost of CO2 capture from to per tonne of CO 2 captured, whilst aiming at achieving capture rates above 90%, and assess the reliability and long term stability of sequestration.
21 Components of FP7 Continued focus on Carbon Capture and Storage Re-introduction of Clean Coal Technology in recognition of the drive for greater efficiency whilst CCS is developed and deployed Technology Platform to advise on strategy and direction of these two elements
22 Components of FP7 Continued focus on Carbon Capture and Storage Re-introduction of Clean Coal Technology in recognition of the drive for greater efficiency whilst CCS is developed and deployed Technology Platform to advise on strategy and direction of these two elements
23 European Based R&D Programme CCS Projects Enhanced Capture of CO2 in Large Power Plant (ENCAP) Project FP6 funded project CO2 from Capture and Storage (CASTOR) FP6 funded project dealing with post-combustion capture ISCC (In-situ CO2 Capture Technology for Solid Fuel Gasification) FP6 funded project Vattenfall taking the initiative 30 MW pilot plant study Polygeneration of Hydrogen and Electricity HYPOGEN Project Material Development Programme Component Test Facility for a 700 o C Power Plant (COMTES700) RFCS funded project continuation of AD700 programme
24 Conclusions Different roadmaps presented showed that pursuit of both Gasification and Combustion Technologies with greater efficiency as their immediate goal and Carbon Capture and Storage as medium term goal Too early to pick the winning technology CCS is an essential component to achieve Zero Emission Technology Capture Ready Plant?
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