OIL, COAL, AND GAS FOSSIL FUELS
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1 BELL RINGER 1. WHAT MAKES A RESOURCE NON-RENEWABLE? 2. WHAT FEATURES ARE FORMED WHEN AN OCEANIC PLATE COLLIDES WITH A CONTINENTAL PLATE? 3. AN OCTOPUS IS WHICH OF THE THREE TYPES OF OCEAN LIFE?
2 OIL, COAL, AND GAS FOSSIL FUELS
3 WHAT ARE FOSSIL FUELS? Fossil Fuels are the energy rich substances formed from the remains of once-living organisms. The three major fossil fuels are coal, oil and natural gas. Fossil fuels are made of hydrocarbons, they contain carbon and hydrogen's.
4 HOW DO WE USE FOSSIL FUELS? The process by which we turn fossil fuels into energy is called combustion. Combustion needs a hydrocarbon and oxygen, and turns it into CO2, H2O, and energy. We use this energy (usually in the form of heat) to run generators or motors.
5 ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE USA History of use: - Wood - Coal - Oil - Natural Gas - Nuclear - Renewables
6 MATCH ENERGY SOURCES TO HOW WE USE THEM Primary oil-based fuels natural gas coal nuclear power more than one of the above Secondary transportation industrial processes heating and cooling spaces generation of electrical power
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8 HOW ARE FOSSIL FUELS FORMED? Millions of years of. 1) photosynthesis exceeding respiration (decomposition). 2) detritus accumulation. 3) burial of detritus. 4) pressure & heat (metamorphosis).
9 OIL AND NATURAL GAS STAGE 1: MILLION YEARS AGO Plankton die and fall to ocean floor Layers of sediment bury their remains
10 OIL AND NATURAL GAS STAGE 2: MILLION YEARS AGO Remains buried deeper under sediment Bacteria decompose organic matter Pressure and temperature increase
11 OIL AND NATURAL GAS STAGE 3: TODAY Greater pressure and increased temperature form thick, liquid oil More pressure and temperatures form natural gas Oil and natural gas begin to rise through pores until they get trapped by impermeable rock Oil/Natural gas collected
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13 REFINING OIL When oil is first pumped out of the ground, it is called crude oil. A factory where crude oil is separated into fuels and other products by heating is called a refinery.
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15 COAL FORMATION Very similar to oil and gas, except coal is formed by large plants millions of years ago in swampy areas. Dead plants pile on top of each other and undergo chemical changes to turn first into peat (push out oxygen and leave only rich hydrocarbons) Peat -> Lignite (richer in hydrocarbons) -> Coal (richest) Must be mined through underground shafts.
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17 WHO HAS THE OIL? PROVEN RESERVES IN BILLIONS OF BARRELS Region Reserves North America 75.7 South and Central America 79.1 Europe 20.2 Former Soviet Countries 57.0 Middle East Africa 67.6 Far East and Oceania 42.3 Total
18 FOSSIL FUELS ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES Natural Gas Advantages Provides lots of energy Lower levels of air pollutants Easy to transport Oil Advantages Easy to make usable for vehicles High energy density Useful for lots of industries Coal Advantages Easy to transport Most plentiful fossil fuel Cheap to gather Disadvantages Highly flammable Disadvantages US has large dependence on foreign states Source of many spills Cause of many wars Toxic materials created during refining Disadvantages Destroys natural landscapes Causes most pollution out of all fossil fuels Only useful for specific industries
19 FOREIGN OIL DEPENDENCE Problems: Variations in cost of purchases Threat of supply disruptions Limitations of nonrenewable resource Impacts: Pollution of oceans Coastal oil spills Trade imbalances Military actions
20 WHY WAS PERSIAN GULF WAR (1 ST GULF WAR 1991) FOUGHT? To free the people of Kuwait? To protect Kuwait oil fields from Iraq? To drive up domestic oil prices? To force OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) to come to terms on oil prices?
21 WHAT A BARREL OF OIL REALLY COSTS U.S. CONSUMERS $14 is initial price per barrel + $80 for military support services = $94 is actual price per barrel
22 Oil & Natural gas - 50 year supply Coal year supply FUTURE FOSSIL FUEL SUPPLIES No oil = no cars, no jets, no transport trucks, no cargo ships No coal = no power
23 SO NOW WHAT?
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