Energy recovery from waste. Circular Economy meets Energy Union. Carsten Spohn German Association of Waste-to-Energy Plants

Transcription

1 2017 March 7th German-Bulgarian Workshop on Waste Management Concepts & Technologies Carsten Spohn German Association of Waste-to-Energy Plants ITAD e.v. Energy recovery from waste Circular Economy meets Energy Union

2 about ITAD German Association of Waste-to-Energy Plants (est. 1999) Incinerators (MSWI) and Refuse Derived Fuel Incinerators (RDFI) Our members operate / own 80 WtE plants with ~ employees Offering 90% of German incineration capacity Private, Public and PPP (mixed) companies ITAD-topics Technology Recovery of Residues Sustainability Communication Legal and Taxes

3 History Waste incineration was common in the Roman Empire After downfall of the Roman Empire waste incineration falls into oblivion Plague and Cholera in the middle ages Collection of municipal waste in the cities in the 16th century (landfilling outside the cities) First waste incinerator Destructor in Nottingham 1874 Waste incineration in Germany started end of 19th century Hamburg 1894

4 Purpose of WtE plants Volume reduction Sanitation Permanent elimination of pollutants from cycle of materials Minimisation of emissions Efficient use of the energy content of waste (for households and industry) Contribution to climate protection (substitution of fossil fuels) Contribution to sustainable waste management (recovery of metals from bottom ash and reuse of bottom ash as secondary raw material)

5 Installations in Germany today MSWI MVA 66 MSWI 19,9 Mio. Mg average age: 19,5 years EBS-KW 35 RDFI 5,4 Mio. Mg average age: 8,5 years Co-Incineration Co-Incineration ~ 33 cement and lime 3,1 Mio. Mg (2014) ~ 11 coal fired powerplant 1,1 Mio. Mg (2013) source: Prognos, Würzburg Sept

6 Plant overview A WtE incinerates the waste, then recovers its energy, metals and mineralic contents and finally cleans the flue gas Waste Delivery and storage Incineration, steam generating Energy Recovery Flue Gas Cleaning

7 Emissions Operational Emission Values compared to Limit Values dust Emission limits for WtE are the strictest of any combustion industry Annual load negligible compared to other sources Dioxins emitted from Energy-from-Waste are not an issue, stated the German Environment Ministry in 2005

8 Residues Dust kg Salts 5-20 kg 1000 kg waste combustion and boiler Wet Flue Gas Cleaning Activated carbon reactor (Semi) Dry Flue Gas Cleaning Bottom ash kg Boiler Ash 5-10kg Solid APC residues (40-70) kg spent activated carbon 2-5 kg recovery of metals secondary raw mineral salt mines landfill for hazardous waste salt mines landfill for hazardous waste incineration regeneration Incineration Residues APC (Air Pollution Control) Residues

9 Waste input Waste type Million tonnes Household Waste RDF/pretreated 7.26 Other MSW 0.95 Hazardous Waste 0.32 Sewage Slugde 0.2 Other Waste 2.39 Total 23.35

10 Thermal Recycling 5 mio. t minerals t ferrous metal recovery rate: 82 % t non-ferrous metal recovery rate: 56 % High Quality secondary raw material (pollutants/adhesions removed in the incineration) Source: Kuchta, Enzner - EdDE-Dokumentation 17 10

11 Energy Recovery from waste Different energy recovery routes for biodegradable waste, municipal solid waste and similar commercial waste established in Germany Biomass incineration (e.g. wood, waste wood etc.) Anaerobic digestion and fermentation of wet biomass (waste) Waste-to-Energy plants (WtE-plants) Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) Mono-Incineration of refuse derived fuel (RDF-incineration) Co-Incineration of solid recovered fuel (SRF) Cement and lime kilns Coal fired power plants

12 Energy produced and exported MSWI & RDFI

13 CO 2 balance MSWI & RDFI net climate effect 2015 CO 2eq emissions waste inputs mass [t] emission factor [t CO 2eq /t waste] sum [t CO 2eq ] Houshold Waste , RDF , other waste , , (weighted average) emissions of imported energy (estimate) energy outputs CO 2eq savings (german energy mix) amount [MWh] substitution [t CO 2eq / MWh] sum [t CO 2eq ] Electricity (produced) , Process Steam (export) , District Heating (exp.) , total , subsitution by metal recovery from bottom ash net emissions Sources: Bilitewski (2011), UBA (2014), EdDE, own calculations

14 CO 2 balance MSWI & RDFI net climate effect 2015 waste inputs CO 2eq emissions mass [t] emission factor [t CO 2eq /t waste] sum [t CO 2eq ] Houshold Waste , RDF , other waste , , (weighted average) emissions of imported energy (estimate) energy outputs CO 2eq savings (german energy mix) amount [MWh] substitution [t CO 2eq / MWh] sum [t CO 2eq ] Electricity (produced) , Process Steam (export) , District Heating (exp.) , total , subsitution by metal recovery from bottom ash net emissions net avoided emissions: 7,4 million tonnes CO 2eq = 0,316 t CO 2eq /t waste +avoided by not landfilling 15,3 million tonnes CO 2eq = 0,660 t CO 2eq /t waste balance compared to landfilling 22,7 million tonnes CO 2eq = ~ 1 t CO 2eq /t waste Sources: Bilitewski (2011), UBA (2014), EdDE, own calculations

15 Energy Union Integrated development where possible Waste-to-Energy Plant Wastewater- Treatment Plant gas & heat storage power heat Industry Biogas Solar Wind Power to Gas

16 Co-incineration in Germany today MSWI MVA 66 MSWI 19,9 Mio. Mg average age: 19,5 years EBS-KW 35 RDF 5,4 Mio. Mg average age: 8,5 years Co-Incineration Co-Incineration ~ 33 cement and lime 3,1 Mio. Mg (2014) ~ 11 coal fired powerplant 1,1 Mio. Mg (2013) source: Prognos, Würzburg Sept

17 Co-incineration in cement kilns

18 Co-incineration in cement kilns (II)

19 Co-incineration in cement kilns (IIî) Specific SRF Quality RDF Simple quality control Extended quality control Minimum quality control Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR)

20 Co-incineration LCP hardcoal-fired power plant RDF Input Control Sorting Output silo metals minerals, rejects electr. output 770 MWel thermal capacity MW net efficiency 39,3 % thermal capacity RDF 150 MW (10%) RDF throughput 32 t/h t/a NCV RDF 17 MJ/kg RDF hard coal Combustion Boiler EP FGC DENOX bottom ash fly ash gypsum water treatment fiter cake

21 Co-incineration LCP (II) boiler hard coal RDF rejects Electrostatic Pressipitator Flue Gas Cleaning Scrubber DENOX Waste Water Treatment air air bottom ash

22 Co-incineration LCP (III)

23 Waste to Energy and Recycling go hand in hand Circular Economy meets Energy Union (I) Municipal waste treatment in Europe in 2015 (data: Eurostat, graph: cewep) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% % % % 20% 10% Landfill (%) Waste-to-Energy (%) Recycling + composting (%) %

24 CIRCULAR ECONOMY MEETS ENERGY UNION (II)

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26 2017 March 7th German-Bulgarian Workshop on Waste Management Concepts & Technologies Thank you for listening. Further questions? Contact us! itad.de Peter-Müller-Straße 16a Düsseldorf +49 (0)