Solid Biomass and Biogas in Danube Basin Potentials, Outlooks and R&D Needs, Case Serbia

Transcription

1 Scientific Support to the Danube Strategy Danube Bioenergy Nexus 24 th -26 th June 2014, Vienna Solid Biomass and Biogas in Danube Basin Potentials, Outlooks and R&D Needs, Case Serbia Prof. Dr. Milan Martinov Ass. Prof. Dr. Djordje Djatkov Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia DEE 1

2 STRUCTURE OF THE PRESENTATION 1. Energy and RES consumption in Serbia 2. Crop residues as biomass resource 3. Own research in the field of solid biomass 4. R&D needs solid biomass 5. Own research in the field of biogas 6. R&D needs biogas 7. Conclusions DEE 2

3 PRIMARY ENERGY INPUTS IN SERBIA DEE 3

4 Geothermal 5% Wind 4% RES POTENTIAL IN SERBIA Solar 15% Hydro 14% Biomass 62% Why biomass in particular? Source Biomass Hydro Solar Geothermal Wind Σ % Мtое ( ) DEE

5 SOLID BIOMASS SOURCES WOOD, FOREST MANAGEMENT RESIDUES, PROCESSING WASTE, CIVIL ENGINEERING WASTE, etc. AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS, GRAIN, CROP RESIDUES, etc. SRC SHORT ROTATION WOODEN AND HERBACEOUS BIOMASS DIVERSE WASTES DEE 5

6 CROP RESIDUES AS A FUEL AND FEEDSTOCK ISSUES RELATED TO THE SOIL FERTILITY PRESERVATION, AMMELIORATION WIND AND WATER EROSION ELIMINATION OR MITIGATION VALUE OF NUTRIENTS AND SOM/SOC OFFTAKE (mostly concentrate in root and rhizosphere) POTENTIALS FROM POINT OF VIEW OF HARVESTABLE RESIDUES HARVEST PROCEDURES AND SOIL FERTILITY ISSUES COSTS, SUPPLY SECURITY, GARANTED SUPPLY, IMPACT OF WEATHER AND OTHER INFLUENCES DEE 6

7 SOME RESULTS OF OUR INVESTIGATION Wheat, soybean, maize Share of harvestable mass, on field remained mass and erosion protection, drought impact, comparison seasons 2011 and 2012 (dry and extreme dry) Wheat and soybean straw stalks segments Fraction of corn stover Calculation of harvestable performed for three harvest procedures DEE 7

8 Wheat, cutting height 15 cm Parameter Grain yield, Mg ha Harvest index Mass of aboveground residues, Mg ha Mass of harvestable straw, Mg ha Soybean, cutting height 7.5 cm Parameter Grain yield, Mg ha Harvest index Mass of aboveground residues, Mg ha Harvestable mass*, Mg ha Percentage of harvestable mass in comparison with mass of grain*, % Percentage of harvestable mass in aboveground residues, % On field remained mass, Mg ha Percentage of on field remained mass in aboveground residues, % Percentage of harvestable mass in comparison to mass of grain*, % Percentage of harvestable mass in aboveground harvest residues, % On field remained mass, Mg ha Percentage of on field remained mass in aboveground residues, % Mg is correct, according to IS, designation for tone DEE 8

9 2011 Range and average of relative yields of stover fractions, 1 lowest 0.2 m of stalks, 2 stalk+leaves, 3 cobs, 4 husks, 5 total aboveground residues, 6 sum of 2, 3 and 4 Corn Harvest proc. Harvestable mass RY, % Mg ha 1 PTM, % Remained mass Mg ha RY relative yield (to grain) PTM percentage of total above ground mass DEE 9

10 Wheat Percentage of harvestable aboveground mass was, for common weather conditions, about 50 %. The reduction of harvestable straw, due to inconvenient weather conditions, was round 45 %, and on field remained mass about 18 %. Soybean Percentage of harvestable aboveground mass was, for common weather conditions, about 40 %. The inconvenient weather conditions cause the reduction of harvestable mass of 37 %, and on field remained mass of 20 %. DEE 10

11 Corn For both seasons the percentage of harvestable mass related to total was same for the harvest procedures 1 and 2, 53 and 43 % respectively, but harvestable mass considerably lower, 5.5/3.8 and 4.5/3.1 Mg ha 1. Reduction of harvestable mass was, due to weather conditions, 31, 31 and 42 %, and on field remained mass 29, 32 and 28 %, for harvest procedures 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In all cases the on field remained residual biomass can ensure, by using of adequate tillage, wind erosion protection! The obtained data can be used for solving some of defined problems! DEE 11

12 R&D NEEDS -solid biomass- To define realistic potential of crop residues in Danube basin. To define sustainable crop residues management, with respect to soil fertility preservation, including crop rotation and other measurements. DEE 12

13 To define harvest procedures that results with lowest costs of crop residues, including longer distance transport, i.e. water shipping. To define measures for supply security. Especially for Danube down stream countries, to develop procedures and machinery for corn stover, most promising crop residue, harvest, logistics and storage. DEE 13

14 Some examples of stover or cob-husks harvest DEE 14

15 EXAMPLE - Combustion CHP plant in Czechnica, Poland about 48,000 t of chopped corn stover. It makes about 20 % of consumption, co-firing. Other is wood chips. EXAMPLE- Corn stover as a feedstock for LCB and other conversion processes DEE 15

16 BIOGAS Our investigation Potentials of agricultural biogas plants in Province Vojvodina Based on cattle units, farms with at least 300 CU, and three scenarios related to the share of energy crops as co substrate: 1. Usage of energy crops for substrate, with an average share of 30 % of plant power. 2. Usage of energy crops for substrate, with an average share of 50 % of plant power. 3. Usage of energy crops for substrate, with an average share of 70 % of plant power. DEE 16

17 Potential locations and electrical capacity of plants Potential locations for agricultural biogas plants until 2020 Potential locations of agricultural biogas plants after 2020 DEE 17

18 ONGOING RESEARCH Experimental determination of biogas yield and methane potential of corn stover, some results BG yield= ml/g DM (SD=15.4) BG yield= ml/g ODM (SD=16.1) CH 4 = ml/g DM (SD=11.8) CH 4 = ml/g ODM (SD=12.4) CH 4 = 48.3 % (SD=1.3 %) DM- dry matter ODM- organic dry matter DEE 18

19 R&D NEEDS -biogas- To define biogas potentials in Danube basin. Investigation on possibility of heat energy utilization from biogas cogeneration units. Research on crop residues use as a substrate for biogas production. Example: pretreatment of corn stover. Research on digestate use or disposal from diverse substrates. DEE 19

20 EXAMPLE Corn stover as co-substrate for biogas, i.e. biomethane production SECOND GENERATION BIOFUEL DEE 20

21 CONCLUDING ISSUES Water shipping can contribute reduction of biomass costs for longer distances transportation. Biomass potentials survey in Danube basin is needed. Biogas potentials survey in Danube basin is needed. INTERNATIONAL R&D EFFORTS CAN BOOST THE PROGRESS! This is last slide of the presentation! DEE 21