Quantifying Comfort to Assist in the Window Selection Process
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1 Quantifying Comfort to Assist in the Window Selection Process Kerry Haglund, Efficient Windows Collaborative Jim Larsen, Cardinal Glass Industries June 18, 2015 WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
2 2
3 Can a Furnace Offset Cold Windows?
4 How much SEER is needed for Hot Windows?
5 Agenda 1. Introduction to EWC 2. Comfort Basics ASHRAE Standard Window Response to Weather 4. Weather Analysis 5. EWC Comfort Presentation 5 WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
6 History Team Effort Effectively met DOE s market transformation efforts. Developed effective and innovative tools and information that has impacted the marketplace. Provided unbiased information to consumers, designers, and industry professionals. 6 WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
7 EWC s Organization & Mission The EWC now a 501(c)3 organization is part of a greater group of organizations, educational institutions and government agencies that are working to promote energy efficiency in residential and commercial fenestration products. WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
8 EWC s Organization & Mission The mission of the EWC is to lead and support through the use of advanced window, façade and skylight technologies the transformation of the built environment toward greater energy efficiency. The purpose of the EWC is to provide unbiased information, outreach, education and research to the general public on the energy efficiency, technical considerations, and human considerations that influence window and façade design, selection and use. 8 WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
9 EWC s Window Selection Tool WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
10 EWC s Window Selection Tool WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
11
12 Comfort Science? WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
13 Comfort Acronyms 1. MRT: Mean Radiant Temperature Sums thermal radiation in all directions 2. PMV: Predicted Mean Vote Too Cold, Too Hot, Just Right 3. PPD: Predicted Percent Dissatisfied Statistical representation of group response WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
14 PMV: 7 Point Comfort Scale Cold Cool Slightly Cool Neutral Slightly Warm Warm Hot WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
15 15
16 Cool Slightly Cool Neutral Slightly Warm Warm
17
18 Comfort Analysis from Std55 MRT analysis requires: Window size Person position relative to window Window surface temperature
19 Metabolic Rate
20 70 o F
21 Clothing Insulation
22 1. Activity Level Standard Conditions 2. Adaptive Clothing
23 Surrogate for Air Temperature
24 Complex MRT Analysis
25 Window MRT Analysis: 2P 0 o F
26 Single Point Cold Discomfort WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
27 Window Comfort Research 27
28 Solar Discomfort Issues Hot Glass (MRT) Direct Gain
29 Cool Slightly Cool Neutral Slightly Warm Warm WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
30 Single Point Hot Discomfort WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
31 1. Two Conditions: EWC Whole Year Analysis Winter Night Summer Day West Elevation 2. Large Window & Close Proximity Patio Door 3 Away 3. Analyze for entire year (8,760 hours) and 100+ locations 4. Sum Hours of Discomfort 31 WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
32 WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
33 Determining Cold Weather Threshold Step 1: Calculate Average Surface Temperature w/o Wind
34 Determining Cold Weather Threshold Step 1: Calculate Average Surface Temperature w/o Wind Example: 0.30U ~ 56 o 0 o F Step 2: Translate Surface 0 o F to Hourly Ambient Example: Ambient = 35 o F New Surface Temp ~ 63 o F
35 Determining Cold Weather Threshold Step 1: Calculate Average Surface Temperature w/o Wind Example: 0.30U ~ 56 o 0 o F Step 2: Translate Surface 0 o F to Hourly Ambient Example: Ambient = 35 o F New Surface Temp ~ 63 o F Step 3: We Picked 56 o F as the Threshold for Patio Door Size
36 WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
37 Determining Hot Weather Threshold Step 1: Assume neutral comfort without sun (air-conditioner works!) Step 2: Calculate hourly solar gain
38
39 Determining Hot Weather Threshold Step 1: Assume neutral comfort without sun (air-conditioner works!) Step 2: Calculate hourly solar gain Step 3: Hour counts if PPD = +10%
40
41 Ranking Discomfort Hours Calculate hours of discomfort for 20 window set against weather data for each location using pass/fail criteria. Use (5) point Qualitative scale: Cold Cool Neutral Warm Hot Breakpoints from Neutral to Cool or Neutral to Warm is 1% of annual hours (similar to logic used for sizing HVAC) WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
42 Minneapolis Cold Discomfort
43 Kansas City Cold Discomfort
44 Houston Cold Discomfort
45 Houston Hot Discomfort
46 Kansas City Hot Discomfort
47 Minneapolis Hot Discomfort
48 Comfort Display in the EWC Window Selection Tool
49 Comfort and Energy in the Window Selection Tool
50 Summary & Conclusions Analysis should apply to residential & commercial Trade-off limits in energy code are important for comfort Triple pane suggested in Northern zone (??? ) DOE looking to incorporate into Energy Plus and HVAC design guidelines Give us your feedback! WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
51 Connect with Us twitter.com/ewcwindows 51 WDMA Technical & Manufacturing Conference June 16 18, 2015
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