LOW-TEMPERATURE NUCLEAR HEAT APPLICATIONS: NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS FOR DISTRICT HEATING

Transcription

1 IAEA-TECDOC-431 LOW-TEMPERATURE NUCLEAR HEAT APPLICATIONS: NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS FOR DISTRICT HEATING REPORT OF AN ADVISORY GROUP MEETING ON LOW-TEMPERATURE NUCLEAR HEAT APPLICATIONS: NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

2 LOW-TEMPERATURE NUCLEAR HEAT APPLICATIONS: NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS FOR DISTRICT HEATING IAEA, VIENNA, 1987 IAEA-TECDOC-431 Printed by the IAEA in Vienna August 1987

3 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK

4 The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copies

5 Nuclear power FOREWORD

6 EDITORIAL NOTE

7 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...

8 1. INTRODUCTION In 1986

9 2. HEAT SOURCES FOR DISTRICT HEATING The heat needs in industrialized countries are rather high and as already mentioned above,

10 - assessment of the feasibility of the candidates technologies in terms of their availability with respect to the infrastructure, economy, safety, environmental impact etc. Several computerized evaluation models exist for the energy planning as well

11 Figures in Table 1 show Chat the lowest costs of 1 ktfh(th) are reached

12 the source, i.e.

13

14

15 ENEMY CONSUMPTION

16 Energy systems

17 VARIATION DT ElfCTMCAL AHO PflOCESS HEAT OUTPUT WITH TUBBWt BACK PMSSUfll ClCCTMCU OUTPUT Figure 4. Electricity

18 The status of the Canadian Bruce Energy Centre is essentially unchanged from

19

20 In

21 (d) Conclusive remarks Further development

22 The characteristic

23 An important reason for using condensation power plants to produce heat

24 From

25 Table 4. NUCLEAR HEAT PRODUCED BY CO-GENERATION (CHP) AT EXISTING

26 based on the further development of decentralized heating systems founded on the expansion of the existing structure of the fuel base, i.e. primarily on the increase in the share of earth gas, mazut and the ChS variant with

27 TWh Eiwqy O Figure

28 on Some conclusions based primarily on economical aspects can be drawn

29 analyzing

30

31 Figure 7. Heat Withdrawn from Nuclear Power Stations Measures are taken to withdraw steam at the steam generator outlet so as to supply approximately 3OU MW of thermal power for a 900 MW unit and 400 MW of thermal power for a MW unit.

32 The measures adopted leave open

33 nuclear power station

34 Figure

35 la addition, the nuclear safety auxiliary systems and the fuel storage pool,

36 The distance over which steam is to be transported is 1? km. The district heating network

37 ThEKMUS is basically a slightly pressurized (ca 10 bar) light water reactor using low-enriched uranium, installaed

38 The other project (South-West suburb of Paris; was abandoned because of the overwhelming Initial Investment required to Interconnect the separate networks. Studies are in progress for other, possibly applications, especially outside France. more Interesting

39 4.6.2 District Heating

40 -Cxj-j for /h«nerf 4nMpt I I Greif Figure

41

42 The operation

43 4.7.2 Heat supply

44 /!/ The concept which is under development at KWÜ since 1980 is an integrated natural circulated water reactor on the BWR-basis with a primary pressure

45 Figure 15. Reactor Pressure Vessel with Internals The high inherent safety

46 TABLE 6. MAIN DATA FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND COGENERATION OF ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEAT Nuclear Power Plant Thermal Reactor Power, MJ/s Electricity Generation Electric Power Net Output, MW Net Thermal Efficiency, % (regeneration

47 Figure

48 For

49 heating sources, well under heat demands of further communal heating systems are

50 TABLE 7. HEAT CO-GENERATION FROM NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN SWITZERLAND PR036CT NAM6 PR03CCT STATUS N PP THERMAL CHW) POU> R CMW) SUBSTITUTION POTCMTIAL RC FON A Op- 0C2NAU 2 "96o FOL A Pr. S0 S «N FEMBe FV. MÜHLEB6R6 960 TRANSIOAAL Pr. B6T2NAU. (+ J.6IBSTAPT).9 M (BASEL)* Pr.* JCAISERAUÄST* W

51 The private industry is represented for the two projects SUR and GHR by Bonnard & Gard el, BBC Brown B over! & Cie., Elektrowatt, Sulzer Brothers and Motor Columbus. Together with

52 4.10 USSR Introductory remarks that only Calculations performed by specialized institutes allow to expect

53 The type of condensation turbines currently used at Soviet NPPs, designed

54 une

55 Figure 17. Reactor unit: 1) reactor; 2) cor«;

56 (a) Construction of the reactor facility: The reactor unit (Fig.17), which is the principal part of the reactor facility (RF), represents

57 A straight-tubular heat-exchanger

58 through the network heat-exchangers by the installation of a regulating valve. The normal cooling of the reactor facility is effected by circulations

59 Table

60 concentration

61 secondary circuit. This method of protection is achieved because of the large storage capacity of the circuits, their rigorous thermal connection provided by the integral grouping of the primary circuit plant, and also the natural circulation through the primary circuit, the extended heat-transfer surface of the primary-secondary circuit heat-exchanger, the natural circulation through the secondary circuit in emergency conditions, and by use of the standby system of emergency cooling functioning on the passive principle, each of the three channels of which is capable of providing the removal of heat from the shut-down reactor and protection of

62 Information about the position of the driving shut-off armature of the primary circuit, located inside the insurance vessel, is fed constantly to the control panel. With the appearance of signals indicating accidental depressurization

63 The safety system, located outside

64 IGc»l/h) SOO * IM 1 f

65 DIRECT GRID WATER TEMPERATURE (RATING) AST-HOT WATER TEMPERATURE 70. BACK GRID WATER TEMPERATURE (RATING) SO UO

66 5. CONCLUSIONS The growth

67 Annex 1 MAIN DATA OF NUCLER HEATING PLANTS COUNTRY : Type

68 oo COUNTRY : Type of reactor Core Height/ diameter, mm Assembly design Number

69 COUNTRY

70 Annex

71 These nuclear heating plants

72 2.5. The technological systems for treating radioactive waste should ensure that it is sufficiently decontaminated to be re-used in the technical water supply. The total annual activity of the liquid waste released must be established for each plant

73 IAEA LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

74 FRANCE Mr.

75

76