THE INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW OF BIO-BASED CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS Ten years evolution decrypted

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1 THE INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW OF BIO-BASED CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS Ten years evolution decrypted

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3 Many economic and public stakeholders are questioning about the economic reality of bio-based products. A number of studies published on this topic in recent years were about markets and prospects for development, but only a few were intended to provide a report on the evolution of technologies, stakeholders, various molecules developed and produced, pilots and industrial units, production capacities, together with a dynamic analysis over the last decade. This study, carried out by the IAR cluster's experts brings this decoding and this vision of dynamics, which are essential for understanding this market. The international overview of bio-based chemical building blocks" (330 pages) presents over the last ten years : A comprehensive overview on the evolution of : - biomass used - technologies and transformation pathways - number of pilot and industrial units, and their capacities - strategic strengths 52 analysed molecules 300 identified stakeholders 39 analyzed «joint-ventures» 97 identified technology and business partnerships A complete file on 5 emerging molecules This study, which is based on an analysis of the ten past years, answers the following questions: - What are the new trends in the use of biomass? - Which type of technology is emerging? - Who are the stakeholders of bio-based chemistry and what are their dynamics? - What are the industrial strategies? - Which molecules will be emerging within the next five years? 3

4 Methodology The study is based on an database established from information collected mainly on specialized sites and TREMPLIN, the tool dedicated to the bioeconomy developed by the IAR cluster. This database contains information on the raw materials used and the types of biomass, conversion processes, stakeholders, their businesses, their nationalities, partnerships, joint-ventures, production (capacity, geographical locations, starting dates, maturity stages, expected changes), targeted markets. From these elements, graphic analyzes have been performed, putting into perspective the evolution of plant-based chemistry chain over the past decade. The selection of 52 studied molecules was determined by the amount of available information and their representation in the sector of plant-based chemistry, estimated by TREMPLIN and reference institutional studies. The study thus covers a wide range of types of produced biomolecules. Within the study, five molecules have been identified as "promising" and deeply analyzed in folders including: application markets, competing processing pathways and technologies, production capacities and geographical positions, stakeholders strategies and their positioning on the value chain. With this scope of study and an exhaustive monitoring of producers and providers of technologies, the international overview of bio-based chemical building blocks is a tool for strategic decisions. This study confirms the macroeconomic evolution of this market, and makes the bio-economy a reality. A study by the IAR Cluster The IAR Cluster is a biorefinery cluster, in the heart of bio-based chemistry and industrial biotechnologies. The IAR cluster aims to enhance plant innovation in favour of practical industrial applications. IAR has more than 280 members representing the entire industry value chain. To fulfil its tasks, the IAR cluster has implemented a service of competitive intelligence (CI) intended to identify, analyse and disseminate information among the cluster's members. This service draws on a collaborative intelligence platform, dedicated to bio-based chemistry. The tool includes more than 9,700 resources (patents, news, reports, and projects). Using its experience, the CI service of the IAR cluster, whose customers include large industrial groups, proposes to carry out multi-client or customized and tailor-made studies (prior patent search, state of the art, feasibility study) in the field of bioeconomy. 4

5 The 52 studied molecules - 1,2-Propanediol - 1,3-Propanediol (complete file) - 1,4-Butanediol (complete file) - 2,5-Furanedicarboxylic acid (complete file) - 3- Hydroxypropanoic acid - 5-Hydroxy-methyl-furfural (complete file) - Acetic acid - Acrylic acid - Adipic acid - Aspartic acid - Azelaïc acid - Butadiene - Epichlorhydrin - Fumaric acid - Ethanol (2G) - Ethylene - Furfural - Glucaric acid - Glutamic acid - Glycerol - Glycolic acid - Isobutanol - Isocyanate - Isoprene - Isosorbide - Itaconic acid - Lactic acid - Levulinic acid (complete file) - Lysin - Malic acid - Methyl methacrylate - Methanol - Methionine - Monoethylene glycol - n-butanol - Paraxylene - Pelargonic acid - Polyamides - Polybutylene succinate - Polyethylene - Polyhydroxyalcanoates - Polylactic acid - Polyols (for PUs) - Polypropylene - Polytrimethylene terephthalate - Polyurethans - Propylene - Sebacic acid - Sorbitol - Succinic acid - Terephtalic acid - Xylitol Map of Production sites of levulinic acid Fact sheet 5

6 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectives of the study 1.2 Methodology 1.3 Studied molecules 1.4 Positioning of the study Table of content Part I Ten years evolution decrypted 2 Raw material in plant-based chemistry 2.1 Global context 2.2 Characterization of the various biomasses The biomass sugar / starch The lignocellulosic biomass The biomass from oilseeds and protein crops The other renewable raw materials 2.3 Diversification of the biomass Case of 2G ethanol Case of methanol Type of biomass and evolution of the production capacities of the studied molecules 2.4 Synthesis on the biomass part Fig. 17: Evolution of the use of types of biomass for production capacities of biomolecules (including 2G ethanol and glycerol) Production capacity (t/y) 6

7 3 Conversion processes of biomass 3.1 Biorefinery concept 3.2 Conversion pathways specific to types of biomasses Conversion of carbohydrates Conversion of proteins Conversion of triglycerides Towards an optimal use of biomass 3.3 Global evolution of the transformation processes Evolutions compared by the various conversion pathways Both possible approaches for the transformation of the biomass 3.4 Processes and conversion pathways according to molecules Overview of the transformation pathways used per molecules Molecules obtained by biotechnological transformation Molecules obtained by chemical transformation Molecules obtained by biotechnological or chemical transformation Molecules obtained by chemical or thermochemical transformation Molecules obtained by biotechnological or chemical or thermochemical transformation 3.5 Synthesis on processes and conversion pathways Fig. 24: Stage of development of production units according to the types of transformation pathways Number of units 7

8 4 Production capacities 4.1 Global evolution of production capacities 4.2 Geographical characterization of the global production Asia, the manufacturing place of the mature molecules North America, the place for emerging molecules Europe, the laboratory for plant-based chimistry 4.3 Evolution of production capacities per molecule Molecules historically produced from biomass Emerging molecules with a possible maturation on the horizon Molecules in development 4.4 Stage of development of the various production units 4.5 Summary of production capacity: positioning of molecules Molecules with mature markets Molecules being consolidated on the horizon Molecules with high potential emerging in Molecules with high potential emerging on the horizon Molecules in development Fig. 45: Compared commercial potentials of bio-based chemical building blocks Succinic acid Current addressable market penetration of the molecule Development stage 8

9 5 Strategies of stakeholders 5.1 Different strategies according to the original activity of the stakeholders Strategies of agribusiness companies Strategies of chemists Strategies of biotechnological companies 5.2 Trends and developments in partnerships A majority of partnerships dedicated to the production Partnerships for the development of new processes Supply partnerships to overcome the drawbacks of an emerging market Seeking opportunities through the development of application products Partnerships increasingly turned to markets Fig. 46: Distribution of types of partnerships 5.3 Positioning of stakeholders Amino acids Organic acids Alkenes Alcohols Aldehydes Aromatics Esters Polyurethane chemistry Organochlorinated molecules Triglycerides / Fatty acids Fig 55: Stakeholders positioned on the studied organic acids with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Information sheet on joint-ventures 9

10 6 Molecules and polymers considered to be of interest in the coming years 6.1 1,4-Butanediol Application markets Technologies and processes in competition Production capacities Positioning and strategies of stakeholders 6.2 Levulinic acid Application markets Technologies and processes in competition Production capacities Positioning and strategies of stakeholders 6.3 1,3-Propanediol Application markets Technologies and processes in competition Production capacities Positioning and strategies of stakeholders 6.4 2,5-Furanedicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) Application markets Technologies and processes in competition Production capacities Positioning and strategies of stakeholders Hydroxy-methyl-furfural (5-HMF) Application markets Technologies and processes in competition Production capacities Positioning and strategies of stakeholders 7 General conclusion 8 Appendices 10

11 Part II Descriptive sheets of studied molecules 11

12 Tables and figures Number Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Study methodology List of studied molecules Title Molecules retained in the DOE and GREEN CHEMISTRY reports Distribution in the use of forestry and agricultural biomass worldwide Fig. 5 Percentage of non-food use of biomass in the EU 27 Fig. 6 Categorization of biomass Fig. 7 Share of carbohydrate utilization in industry (EU ) Fig. 8 Origin of biomass sugar / starch in industry (EU ) Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Evolution of production capacities for molecules produced exclusively from carbohydrate sources Composition of lignocellulosic biomass Evolution of production capacities for molecules produced exclusively from lignocellulosic sources Fig. 12 Industrial use of biomass from oilseeds and protein crops EU Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig. 27 Fig. 28 Fig. 29 Fig. 30 Fig. 31 Fig. 32 Fig. 33 Fig. 34 Fig. 35 Evolution of production capacities for molecules produced exclusively from oilseeds Evolution of production capacities for molecules produced from oilseeds or carbohydrate sources Evolution of 2G ethanol production capacities depending on the type of biomass used Evolution of methanol production capacities depending on the type of biomass used Evolution of the use of types of biomass for production capacities of biomolecules (including 2G ethanol and glycerol) Evolution of the use of types of biomass for production capacities of biomolecules (excluding 2G ethanol and glycerol) Value chain of biomass Value chain of biorefinery Detailed representation of the value chain of biomass conversion into an integrated biorefinery Biomass components Example of primary processing methods for each type of biomass Stage of development of production units according to the types of transformation pathways List of molecules and the corresponding transformation pathways Evolution of the production capacities for molecules produced exclusively by biotechnology conversion Details of the processes used for molecules produced exclusively by biotechnology conversion Evolution of the production capacities for molecules produced exclusively by chemical conversion Details of the processes used for molecules produced exclusively by chemical conversion Evolution of the production capacities for molecules produced exclusively by biotechnological or chemical conversions Details of the processes used for molecules produced exclusively by biotechnological or chemical conversions Evolution of the production capacities for molecules produced exclusively by chemical or thermochemical conversions Details of the processes used for molecules produced exclusively by chemical or thermochemical conversions Details of the processes used for molecules produced exclusively by biotechnological or chemical or thermochemical conversions Evolution of production capacities of bio-based molecules over 20 years 12

13 Fig. 36 Number of new commercial production units in 2020 Fig. 37 New pilot and demonstration units to 2020 Fig. 38 Geographical distribution of production capacities for the period Fig. 39 Geographical distribution of production capacities for the period Fig. 40 Distribution of pilot / demonstrator / commercial units in North America and Europe Fig. 41 Production capacities per molecules to 2020 Fig. 42 Fig. 43 Classification of emerging molecules Current stage of development of production units per molecules Fig. 44 Stage of development of production units per molecules to 2020 Fig. 45 Fig. 46 Fig. 47 Compared commercial potentials of bio-based chemical building blocks Distribution of types of partnerships Number and type of partnerships by year Fig. 48 Number and type of partnerships by year (period ) Fig. 49 Fig. 50 Fig. 51 Fig. 52 Fig. 53 Fig. 54 Fig. 55 Fig. 56 Fig. 57 Fig. 58 Fig. 59 Fig. 60 Fig. 61 Fig. 62 Fig. 63 Fig. 64 Fig. 65 Fig. 66 Fig. 67 Fig. 68 Fig. 69 Fig. 70 Fig. 71 Fig. 72 Fig. 73 Fig. 74 Number and types of stakeholders positioned on the studied amino acids Stakeholders positioned on the studied amino acids with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Partnerships on the studied amino acids Joint-ventures on the studied amino acids Details on joint-ventures on the studied amino acids Number and types of stakeholders positioned on the studied organic acids Stakeholders positioned on the studied organic acids with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Partnerships on the studied organic acids Joint-ventures on the studied amino acids and associated polymers Details on joint-ventures on the studied amino acids and associated polymers Number and types of stakeholders positioned on the studied alkenes Stakeholders positioned on the studied alkenes with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Partnerships on the studied alkenes Joint-ventures on the studied alkenes Details on joint-ventures on the studied alkenes Number and types of stakeholders positioned on the studied alcohols Number and types of stakeholders positioned on the studied alcohols (excluding 2G ethanol) Stakeholders positioned on the studied alcohols with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Partnerships on the studied alcohols Joint-ventures on the studied alcohols Details on joint-ventures on the studied alcohols Number and types of stakeholders positioned on the studied aldehydes Stakeholders positioned on the studied aldehydes with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Number and types of stakeholders positioned on the studied aromatics Stakeholders positioned on the studied aromatics with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Partnerships on the studied aromatics 13

14 Fig. 75 Fig. 76 Fig. 77 Fig. 78 Fig. 79 Fig. 80 Fig. 81 Fig. 82 Fig. 83 Fig. 84 Fig. 85 Fig. 86 Fig. 87 Fig. 88 Fig. 89 Fig. 90 Fig. 91 Fig. 92 Fig. 93 Fig. 94 Fig. 95 Fig. 96 Fig. 97 Fig. 98 Fig. 99 Fig. 100 Fig. 101 Fig. 102 Fig. 103 Fig. 104 Fig. 105 Fig. 106 Fig. 107 Fig. 108 Fig. 109 Fig. 110 Number and types of stakeholders positioned on the studied esters Stakeholders positioned on the studied esters with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Stakeholders positioned on the polyurethane chemistry with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Partnerships on the studied polymers Number and types of stakeholders positioned on the studied organochlorinated molecules Stakeholders positioned on the studied organochlorinated molecules with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Partnerships on the studied organochlorinated molecules Number and types of stakeholders positioned on the studied triglycerides / fatty acids Stakeholders positioned on the studied triglycerides / fatty acids with the associated cumulative production capacities (tonnes per year) Partnerships on the studied polymers Joint-ventures on the studied triglycerides / fatty acids Details on joint-ventures on the studied triglycerides / fatty acids Addressable market of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol in value Addressable market of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol in volume Distribution of 1,4-Butanediol market by application Producers of PBT Production pathways of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol Map of production units of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol Positioning of the stakeholders on the value chain of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol Highlights for the company Myriant concerning the 1,4-butanediol Highlights for the company BioAmber concerning the 1,4-butanediol Highlights for the company Genomatica concerning the 1,4-butanediol Firms filing patent(s) for the production of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol the last ten years Levulinic acid market in volume Derivatives of levulinic acid and corresponding markets Indirect pathways for the synthesis of levulinic acid Production pathways of bio-based levulinic acid Map of production units of bio-based levulinic acid Positioning of the stakeholders on the value chain of bio-based levulinic acid Highlights for the company Segetis concerning the levulinic acid Highlights for the company Biofine concerning the levulinic acid Highlights for the company DSM concerning the levulinic acid Firms filing patent(s) for the production of bio-based levulinic acid the last ten years Cost and demand (fossil-based and bio-based) of 1,3-Propanediol Consumption of 1,3-Propanediol by applications for the period (tons) Production processes for 1,3-Propanediol Fig. 111 Production process cost of 1,3-Propanediol in 2010 Fig. 112 Fig. 113 Fig. 114 Map of production units of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol Positioning of the stakeholders on the value chain of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol Highlights for the company Dupont Tate & Lyle concerning the 1,3-Propanediol 14

15 Fig. 115 Fig. 116 Fig. 117 Fig. 118 Fig. 119 Fig. 120 Fig. 121 Fig. 122 Fig. 123 Fig. 124 Fig. 125 Fig. 126 Fig. 127 Fig. 128 Fig. 129 Fig. 130 Fig. 131 Fig. 132 Fig. 133 Fig. 134 Fig. 135 Fig. 136 Fig. 137 Fig. 138 Fig. 139 Fig. 140 Fig. 141 Fig. 142 Highlights for the company Metabolic Explorer concerning the 1,3-Propanediol Highlights for the company Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial concerning the 1,3-Propanediol Firms filing patent(s) for the production of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol the last ten years Volumes of addressable markets 2,5-FDCA based on the 2011 market size Map of production units of 2,5-Furanedicarboxylic acid Positioning of the stakeholders on the value chain of 2,5-Furanedicarboxylic acid Firms filing patent(s) for the production of bio-based 2,5-Furanedicarboxylic acid the last ten years Number of publications on 5-Hydroxy-methyl-furfural Details on production processes for 5-Hydroxy-methyl-furfural Map of production units of 5-Hydroxy-methyl-furfural Firms filing patent(s) for the production of bio-based 5-Hydroxy-methyl-furfural the last ten years Ways of valuation of lignocellulose Conversion of lignocellulose Strategy of triglycerides conversion into commodities chemical molecules Production of chemical intermediates from glycerol Production of commodities chemical intermediates from glutamic acid and from lysin Stages of valuation of the biomass Details on current pretreatment methodes From biomass to fossil-based hydrocarbons Bio-based commodities chemical intermediates produced by fermentation Bio-based production of furfural and 5-HMF Catalytic conversion of 5-HMF in many chemical intermediates The chloromethylfurfural forming reactions Hydrogenation of levulinic acid into valerolactone Oxidation of glucose into glucaric acid Production of isosorbide from glucose Production pathways for bio-based PET Production pathways for bio-based PEF 15

16 ORDER FORM (to be returned by mail or fax) Name : Position : Company : Address : Phone : Fax: I would like to order the report «THE INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW OF BIO-BASED CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS» in Pdf format. French version available before tax (5 760 Tax inclusive) Payment by cheque, payable to "ASSOCIATION INDUSTRIES et AGRO-RESSOURCES",or by bank transfer. A receipted invoice will be sent on receipt of your settlement. Signature: Date: iar-pole.com 50-52, Bd Brossolette BP LAON Cedex France Phone: +33 (0) / Fax: +33 (0) CONTACT : Nina QUELENIS / Louis TIERS Phone: / address: quelenis@iar-pole.com / tiers@iar-pole.com 16