New trends in electron beam flue gas treatment

Transcription

1 New trends in electron beam flue gas treatment Andrzej Pawelec Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland Warsaw, Part-financed by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund

2 Early phase (Japan, 1970s) Some history Pilot plants phase (Japan, USA, Germany, Poland 1980s, 1990s) Industrial plants phase (China, Poland, late 90s) Recent attempts (China, Bulgaria, Middle East) Present operating plant: EBFGT at Pomorzany Power Station, Poland New facilities under construction

3 Emission of pollutants SO2 NOx VOC Poland Denmark Finland Sweden Latvia Estonia Lithuania N. Germany Total emission in BSR countries in tonnes per year

4 Emission of pollutants Emission structure in Poland in 2009 as typical emission structure in Baltic Sea Region 60,00 [%] 52,14 50,00 43,26 40,00 33,19 30,00 28,04 SO2 NOx 20,00 19,21 10,00 11,95 10,56 0,00 Energy generation Combustion processes in industry Non industrial combustion processes 0,38 0,76 0,21 0,01 Industrial processes except combustion Transport 0,28 Waste management

5 Electron beam flue gas treatment technology

6 Electron beam flue gas treatment Plasma generation by electron beam irradiation

7 Pollutants removed by EB method The method has been designed for simultaneous removal of: SO 2 NO x Also there proceeds removal of other pollutants as: HCl, HF etc. Volatile Organic Hydrocarbons (VOC) Dioxins Others

8 Industrial demonstrational flue gas treatment plant EPS Pomorzany, Poland

9 EPS Pomorzany general view

10 The facility The reactor Scheme of the facility Cooling tower Main operational data Flue gas flow rate Nm 3 /h Pollutants removal efficiency: Total accelerators power: Inlet flue gas parameters: 95 % SO 2 70 % NO x 1.04 MW temperature C SO 2 concentration mg/nm 3 NO x concentration mg/nm 3 Ammonia water consumption: By-product yield: kg/h kg/h

11 Removal [%] Removal [mg/nm 3 ] Removal [%] Plant operation results SO NOx ,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0 7, ,0 8,5 9,0 9,5 10,0 Dose [kgy] SO NOx 0 0 0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 30,00 0,90 40,00 1,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00 90,00 100,00 Ammonia mass fraction sprayed into cooling tower Ammonia stoichiometry [%] The results of industrial plant operation proved the applicability of the technology to treatment of industrial flue gases By-product composition: (NH 4 ) 2 SO % NH 4 NO % NH 4 Cl 10-20% moisture 0,4-1% water insoluble parts 0,5-2%

12 Future of electron beam flue gas tretment technology

13 EBFGT development Accelerators improvement Adjustment for various pollutants multipollutant control Adjustment for various technological processes Costs lowering New implementations

14 Application for new pollutants removal

15 Removal efficiency of PAHs(%) VOC removal naphtalene acenaphtene anthracene fluoranthene pyrene benzo(a)pyrene dibenzo(a,h) anthracene 100 VOC removal efficiency Acenaphthene Fluorene Phenanthrene fluoranthene without NH3 NH3 Benzo(a)pyrene

16 Mercury removal Mercury oxidation proceeds in reaction chamber Hg o oxidation removal Hg2+ At medium energy levels, approximately 98% of gaseous mercury vapor was readily oxidized. Expreriments were performed for following parameters: Hg concentration in gas about 16 µg/m 3 applied doses of E-beam kgy Jo-Chun Kim, Ki-Hyun Kim, Al Armendariz and Mohamad Al-Sheikhly: Electron Beam Irradiation for Mercury Oxidation and Mercury Emissions Control, J. Envir. Engrg. Volume 136, Issue 5, pp (May 2010)

17 Dioxin removal

18 Process improvement

19 NO x removal in the presence of TiO 2 catalyst Process mechanism: TiO 2 + electron beam e + hole + h + + TiO 2 - H 2 O OH + H + e + TiO 2 -O 2 O 2 TiO 2 + NO TiO 2 -NO TiO 2 -NO + OH TiO 2 -HNO 2 TiO 2 -HNO 2 + OH TiO 2 -NO 2 + H 2 O TiO 2 -NO 2 + OH HNO 3 (aq)

20 Reaction chamber construction improvement Typical dose distribution in the reactor Considered reactor construction

21 Reaction chamber construction improvement Gas velocity profiles in the reactors

22 Reaction chamber construction improvement The results of calculation

23 New possibilities of process application

24 Other fuels application fuel oils Laboratory intalation at INCT, Warsaw Oil type SO 2 NO x Arab Medium 97.2 % 91.1 % Removal efficiencies obtained during laboratory research Arab Heavy 99.9 % 90.4 % Fuel Oil 99.5 % 87.7 %

25 Other fuels application results of research Previous works results Dose effect on SO 2 and NO x removal

26 Pilot plant research General view of the pilot plant at one of Saudi ARAMCO refineries. 1. stack of F 1001 boiler, 2. boiler F 1001, 3. flue gas duct, 4. control room of pilot plant, 5. humidification unit, 6. stack of pilot plant, 7. cartridge bag filter, 8. thermal insulated duct, 9. cyclone, 10. ammonia dosing unit, 11. EB-Tech mobile unit.

27 Pilot plant research Design data: Volumetric flow rate (wet basis) 2,000 Nm 3 /h Temperature 300 C Pressure atmospheric Composition (wet basis): N % vol. CO % vol. O % vol. H 2 O % vol. Pollutants concentration: SO ppmv NO x ppmv Dust mg/nm 3 Assumed removal rates: SO 2 95% NO x 70% Dust 98%

28 Pilot plant research The byproduct Contents of heavy metals (mg/kg) in the byproduct and limits for heavy metals content in the NPK fertilizer established in some countries As Cd Cr Co Pb Hg Ni Zn Remarks <0.02 < < averaged values for byproducts collected by cartridge bag filter byproducts collected by ESP Limits for heavy metals content in NPK fertilizer US EPA CFR40 Part Canadian Fertilizer Act (1996) Polish standard mean values of heavy metals concentrations in fertilizers marketed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

29 Studies on application of EBFGT technology for marine Diesel engines

30 Studies on application of EBFGT technology for marine Diesel engines The conceptual scheme of EBFGT installation for marine applications Pollutants' concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the EBFGT installation Pollutant Inlet Outlet Removal rate SO mg/nm 3 (2.7% S) 56 mg/nm 3 (0.1% S) 96 % NO x 2816 mg/nm mg/nm 3 81 %

31 Application of EBFGT technology for municipal waste incineration Exprimental installation in Takahama Clean Center

32 New possibilities of process implementation

33 TPS Sviloza, Bulgaria Design parameters: Parameter Volumetric flow rate (Nm 3 /h, wet base, real oxygen concentration) Inlet flue gas parameters Temperature Flue gas composition: Inlet pollutants concentrations (6% O 2, dry gas) SO 2 NO x Dust Value 608,000 Nm 3 /h (max) 488,000 Nm 3 /h (nominal) 140 C N % O % CO 2 8.3% H 2 O 6.0% 3800 mg/nm 3 (1330 ppm v ) 1400 mg/nm 3 (682 ppm v ) 400 mg/nm 3 Emission limits for TPS Sviloza (according to directive 2001/80/EC, 6% O 2, dry gas): SO mg/nm 3 NO x 600 mg/nm 3 Dust 100 mg/nm 3 Required removal rates: SO2 72% NOx 57%

34 TPS Sviloza, Bulgaria Plant location

35 TPS Sviloza, Bulgaria Conceptual scheme of EBFGT plant in TPS Sviloza

36 Thank You for Your Attention My visit card: Andrzej Pawelec Ph.D. Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology Dorodna Warsaw, POLAND