LYNWOOD QUARRY AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FINAL

Transcription

1 LYNWOOD QUARRY AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FINAL October 2016

2 LYNWOOD QUARRY AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FINAL Prepared by Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited on behalf of Holcim (Australia) Pty Limited Project Director: Luke Bettridge Project Manager: Brendan Rice Report No. 3330/R25/V4 Date: October 2016 Newcastle 75 York Street Teralba NSW 2284 Ph This report was prepared using Umwelt s ISO 9001 certified Quality Management System.

3 Disclaimer This document has been prepared for the sole use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, copied or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that for which it was supplied by Umwelt (Australia) Pty Ltd (Umwelt). No other party should rely on this document without the prior written consent of Umwelt. Umwelt undertakes no duty, nor accepts any responsibility, to any third party who may rely upon or use this document. Umwelt assumes no liability to a third party for any inaccuracies in or omissions to that information. Where this document indicates that information has been provided by third parties, Umwelt has made no independent verification of this information except as expressly stated. Umwelt (Australia) Pty Ltd

4 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction Background Project Description Purpose and Scope Objectives Stakeholder Consultation for AQMP Baseline Air Quality Data Air Quality Assessment Criteria Dust Concentration Dust Deposition Air Quality Management Controls Engineering Controls Operational Controls Air Quality Monitoring Monitoring Locations Monitoring Standards Meteorological Monitoring Reporting External Reporting Air Quality Criteria Exceedance Reporting Protocol Community Complaints and Independent Review Review and Improvement Definitions Roles and Responsibilities References 10 Figures Figure 1.1 Air Quality Monitoring Network 2

5 Tables Table 3.1 Table 3.2 Table 3.3 Table 5.1 Table 8.1 Table 9.1 Long Term Impact Assessment Criteria for Particulate Matter 3 Short Term Impact Assessment Criteria for Particulate Matter 4 Long Term Impact Assessment Criteria for Deposited Dust 4 Lynwood Quarry Air Quality Monitoring Program 6 Terminology utilised within the AQMP 9 Air quality Management responsibilities at Lynwood Quarry 10 Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 AQMP Development Consent Requirements AQMP Baseline Data

6 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background Holcim (Australia) Pty Lid (Holcim) was granted development consent in December 2005 (DA )(Development Consent) by the then NSW Minister for Planning for the construction and operation of a hardrock quarry known as Lynwood Quarry west of Marulan in the Southern Tablelands region of NSW (refer to Figure 1.1). There have been 4 modifications approved to the Development Consent since The recent Modification 4 was approved by the Department of Planning and Environment (DP&E) under section 75W of the EP&A Act on 18 May Project Description The location of Lynwood Quarry and extent of the approved 30 year quarry pit is shown in Figure 1.1. The quarry has existing Development Consent approval to produce up to five million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) of saleable quarry product until The target resource has an expected life in excess of 90 years. Some of the material extracted as part of the quarrying process is not suitable for processing and sale, consequently emplacement areas are required (see Figure 1.1). 1.3 Purpose and Scope This AQMP outlines the air quality monitoring and management to be undertaken at Lynwood Quarry. The program addresses the requirements contained in Lynwood Quarry s modified Development Consent (DA ) and the Lynwood Quarry Environment Protection Licence (EPL) no Appendix 1 details where the Development Consent requirements have been addressed. The approved quarrying design includes several air quality mitigation factors which are described in Section Objectives The objectives of this plan in relation to air quality management are to: detail the controls to be implemented to minimise dust generation from Lynwood Quarry establish an air quality monitoring system to assess the air quality performance against the specific air quality impact assessment criteria provide a mechanism to assess monitoring results against air quality impact assessment criteria provide a protocol for determining exceedances of the relevant criteria to detail the requirements for reporting air quality criteria exceedances to the relevant stakeholders manage air quality related community complaints in a timely and effective manner. 1.5 Stakeholder Consultation for AQMP In accordance with Condition 15 of Schedule 3 of the Development Consent, this AQMP has been prepared in consultation with the Environment Protection Authority (EPA). A copy of this plan has been provided to the EPA for comment. Recommendations from the EPA have been incorporated prior to the plan being submitted to the secretary of DP&E. Introduction 1

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8 2.0 Baseline Air Quality Data An air quality impact assessment was undertaken as part of the Lynwood Quarry Extraction Area Modification Environmental Assessment (Umwelt, 2015) (Modification EA) to assess the existing air quality at the site. Sources of dust in the locality include agricultural activity, traffic on unsealed roads, local construction activities and to a lesser extent traffic from the Hume Highway. Other local dust sources include Gunlake Quarry 2.5 kilometres to the north. It is noted that activities such as back burning and wood combustion also contribute to background air quality in the region. As part of the air quality assessment completed for the Modification EA (Umwelt, 2015) a review of air quality monitoring data was undertaken to establish the existing air quality environment surrounding Lynwood Quarry. From the available monitoring data, the following background concentrations have been calculated for Lynwood Quarry operations: Annual average PM 10 concentration of 13 μg/m 3 Annual average PM 2.5 concentration of 5.2 μg/m 3 Annual average TSP concentration of 33 μg/m 3 Annual average dust deposition of 1.8 g/m 2 /month. Further background data related to air quality is included in Appendix Air Quality Assessment Criteria Condition 12 Schedule 3, of the Development Consent provides the air quality impact assessment criteria for operation of Lynwood Quarry. 3.1 Dust Concentration Goals for dust concentration are referred to as long term (annual average) and short term (24 hour maximum) goals. The TSP and PM 10 annual average goals relate to the total dust in the air and not just the dust from quarry operations. Condition 12 of Schedule 3 of the Development Consent specifies the air quality criteria for Lynwood Quarry. The Development Consent criterion for particulate matter is outlined in Tables 3.1 and 3.2. Table 3.1 Long Term Impact Assessment Criteria for Particulate Matter Pollutant Averaging Period Criterion Total suspended particulate (TSP) matter Annual 90 µg/m 3 Particulate matter < 10 µm (PM 10 ) Annual 30 µg/m 3 Baseline Air Quality Data 3

9 Table 3.2 Short Term Impact Assessment Criteria for Particulate Matter Pollutant Averaging period Criterion Particulate matter < 10 µm (PM 10 ) 24 hour 50 µg/m Dust Deposition Dust deposition levels refer to the quantity of dust particles which settle out of the air as measured in grams per square metre per month (g/m 2 /month) at a particular location. Condition 12 of Schedule 3 of the Development Consent outlines maximum allowable limits in terms of an acceptable increase in dust deposition over the existing background levels (refer to Table 3.3). Table3.3 Long Term Impact Assessment Criteria for Deposited Dust Pollutant Averaging Period Maximum Increase in Deposited Dust Level Maximum Total Deposited Dust Level Deposited dust Annual 2 g/m 2 /month 4 g/m 2 /month Note: Deposited dust is assessed as insoluble solids as defined by Standards Australia, 1991, AS : Methods for Sampling and Analysis of Ambient Air Determination of Particulates Deposited Matter Gravimetric Method. 4.0 Air Quality Management Controls This AQMP has been designed in a manner that enables Lynwood Quarry to demonstrate compliance with the air quality criteria specified in the Development Consent. Holcim is committed to implementing all reasonable and feasible air quality mitigation measures, to reduce the potential impact of the operation on sensitive receivers. In order to mitigate potential air quality impacts from the operation, a number of air quality management controls have been, are currently, or will be, implemented. 4.1 Engineering Controls Engineering controls implemented at Lynwood Quarry to manage dust emissions include: enclosed conveyors using belt scrapers to clean and prevent potential build up of material which could lead to dust generation enclosing the majority of crushing and screening plant fitting a dust extraction system at the crushing and screening plant fitting drill rigs with either water sprays or dry dust collection devices using the wheel wash station for vehicles leaving the quarry. Water sprays throughout the plant and on stockpiles Air Quality Management Controls 4

10 4.2 Operational Controls Operational controls utilised at Lynwood Quarry to manage dust emissions include: watering haul roads and hardstand areas as required sealing the quarry access road keeping unsealed haul road lengths to a minimum keeping exposed areas to a minimum removing and rehabilitating unused roads confining HME traffic to identified haul routes rehabilitating exposed areas in a timely manner using dust suppression sprays on fine material stockpiles and the primary crusher reviewing meteorological conditions prior to blasting to avoid adverse conditions and minimise blast emissions use of adequate stemming in blast holes regular inspections for visible dust and implementation of appropriate controls excessive dust is observed ongoing assessment of meteorological conditions to identify specific conditions that are conducive to excessive dust generation ceasing or restricting as necessary dust generating activities during periods of high winds providing dust minimisation training as part of the Lynwood Quarry induction. 5.0 Air Quality Monitoring 5.1 Monitoring Locations To assess compliance against dust deposition and dust concentration criteria for Lynwood Quarry, depositional dust, TSP and PM 10 will be monitored at the locations shown on Figure 1.1. Monitoring will consist of: five depositional dust gauges located at locations representative of the nearest residential receivers; two high volume air samplers, one to the east and one to the west of Lynwood Quarry. The air quality monitoring undertaken at Lynwood Quarry is detailed in Table 5.1 below. Air Quality Monitoring 5

11 Table 5.1 Lynwood Quarry Air Quality Monitoring Program Site No. Parameters Monitored Units of Measure Averaging Period Frequency Sampling Method 1 DD5 Deposited dust g/m 2 /month Month, annual Monthly AM-19 DD8 Deposited dust g/m 2 /month Month, annual Monthly AM-19 DD11 Deposited dust g/m 2 /month Month, annual Monthly AM-19 DD12 Deposited dust g/m 2 /month Month, annual Monthly AM-19 DD13 Deposited dust g/m 2 /month Month, annual Monthly AM-19 HVAS1 PM 10 µ/m 3 24 hour, annual 24 hours, every 6 days HVAS2 PM 10 µ/m 3 24 hour, annual 24 hours, every 6 days AM-22 AM-22 Note: DD = Depositional Dust monitoring location, HVAS = High Volume Air Sampler. 1 NSW DEC, 2005, Approved Methods for the Sampling and Analysis of Air Pollutants in NSW. 5.2 Monitoring Standards Air quality monitoring at Lynwood Quarry is undertaken in accordance with all relevant Australian Standards, legislation and EPA approved methods for sampling. The Australian Standards and EPA approved methods relevant to the AQMP are listed below: all sampling and analysis will be undertaken in accordance with the Protection of the Environment Operations (Clean Air) Regulation 2010 and the guidelines specified in the DECC publication Approved Methods for the Sampling and Analysis of Air Pollutants in New South Wales (2005) all dust deposition gauges will be sampled monthly for insoluble matter and ash in accordance with AS/NZS :2003 Methods for Sampling and Analysis of Ambient Air - Determination of Particles Deposited Matter Gravimetric Method HVAS will measure and analyse PM10 in accordance with AS/NZS Method for Sampling and Analysis of Ambient Air Determination of Suspended Particulate Matter PM10 Continuous Direct Mass Method using a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance Analyser. To comply with monitoring and recording conditions included in EPL for Lynwood Quarry, all monitoring records required to be kept by the licence will be: in a legible form, or in a form that can readily be reduced to a legible form kept for at least four years produced in a legible form to any authorised officer of EPA who asks to see them. Air Quality Monitoring 6

12 The following records will also be kept in respect of air quality monitoring undertaken: the dates on which the monitoring was undertaken the times at which the monitoring was undertaken the point at which the monitoring was undertaken the name of the person who undertook the monitoring. 5.3 Meteorological Monitoring A meteorological station is installed at Lynwood Quarry as detailed on Figure 1.1 in accordance with the requirements of Condition 15A of Schedule 3 of the Development Consent. The data will be used to assess any dust related compliance or complaints as well as to inform proactive management. 6.0 Reporting 6.1 External Reporting A summary of air quality monitoring results will be provided in the Lynwood Quarry Annual Review. The Annual Review will be prepared and submitted to the Secretary, in accordance with Condition 10, Schedule 5 of the Lynwood Quarry Development Consent. The Annual Review will be made available to the public through the CCC and the Lynwood Quarry web site. In addition, in accordance with Protection of the Environment Legislation Amendment Act 2011 (Amendment Act) and Condition 13 of Schedule 5 of the Development Consent, Holcim Australia will also publish air quality monitoring results on the Holcim (Australia) website ( Performance monitoring, which includes an assessment of the effectiveness of air quality monitoring and compliance with the relevant Development Consent and EPL conditions, may be discussed at Community Consultative Committee (CCC) meetings. The effectiveness of the dust management controls utilised at Lynwood Quarry will be reported to DP&E within the Annual Review by the reporting of monitoring data. The Annual Review will also identify whether any additional dust management controls are required to be implemented at Lynwood Quarry or whether there are any technological advancements in dust control which are suitable for implementation at Lynwood Quarry. Any investigations related to exceedances will be detailed in the Annual Review. 6.2 Air Quality Criteria Exceedance Reporting Protocol In the event of an exceedance of the impact assessment criteria provided in Tables 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3, Lynwood Quarry will investigate and report the exceedance. The investigation will assess the likelihood of Lynwood Quarry contributing to the exceedance and to what extent. Exceedances of air quality criteria will be classified as environmental incidents and will be managed in accordance with the environmental incident procedures detailed within the Lynwood Quarry Environmental Management Strategy (EMS). In accordance with the EMS, all environmental incidents will be investigated to a level commensurate to their risk level. Additional controls will be implemented where Reporting 7

13 required, based on the outcomes of the investigation. Incidents that have caused, or threaten to cause material, harm to the environment will be reported to the Secretary of DP&E as soon as practicable after Holcim become aware of the incident. Reporting for material harm incidents will be undertaken in accordance with Condition 8 of Schedule 5 of the Development Consent. Additionally, in accordance with Condition 1 of Schedule 4 of the Development Consent, in the event an exceedance of the air quality impact assessment criteria is identified and attributed to Lynwood Quarry activities, Holcim will notify DP&E and any affected landowner(s) and provide regular monitoring results to each of these parties until results show the operation is complying with the relevant criteria (refer to Section 4.0). Holcim will also provide a copy of the NSW Health fact sheet entitled Mine Dust and You to affected landowners and/or existing tenants of the land, in accordance with the requirements of the Development Consent Adaptive Management In accordance with Condition 6 of Schedule 5 of the Development Consent, Holcim will assess and manage air quality related risks to ensure compliance with the criteria outlined in Section 4.0. Where a non-compliance relating to air quality criteria has occurred, Holcim will to the satisfaction of the secretary of the DP&E: take all reasonable and feasible measures to ensure the exceedance ceases and does not recur consider all reasonable and feasible options for remediation (where relevant) and submit a report to the DP&E describing those options and any preferred remediation measures or other course of action and implement remediation measures as directed by the Secretary of DP&E. 6.3 Community Complaints and Independent Review Community complaints Complaints relating to air quality from Lynwood Quarry are to be managed in accordance with the requirements of the Lynwood Quarry EMS. A summary of complaints will be published on the Lynwood Quarry website and provided in the Annual Review Independent Review In the event a landowner considers Lynwood Quarry is exceeding air quality criteria at his or her property, the landowner may request an independent review of the air quality impacts at the property. The independent review will be conducted in accordance with the procedure described in Condition 2 of Schedule 4 of the Development Consent. Reporting 8

14 7.0 Review and Improvement This AQMP will be reviewed, and revised as necessary, in accordance with the requirements of Condition 5 of Schedule 5 of the Development Consent. The Lynwood Quarry Senior Environment and Community Liaison will review and if necessary, revise the AQMP and resubmit to DP&E every year or earlier if required. Updated versions of the AQMP will be made publically available on the Lynwood Quarry website. 8.0 Definitions The terminology utilised within this AQMP is defined in Table 8.1 below. Table 8.1 Terminology utilised within the AQMP Term Dust Deposition HVAS Non-compliance PM 10 PM 2.5 TSP µg/m 3 Definition Dust particles that settle out from the air - measured in grams per square metre per unit time (g/m 2 /month). High Volume Air Sampler. Occurs when environmental monitoring results do not comply with Development Consent criteria. Particulate matter less than 10 micrometres (µm) in size. Particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres (µm) in size. Total Suspended Particulates (µg/m 3 ). The nominal size of this fraction has particles with a diameter of up to 50 micrometres (µm). Micrograms per cubic metre. Review and Improvement 9

15 9.0 Roles and Responsibilities Environmental roles and responsibilities for Lynwood Quarry personnel are outlined below. Table 9.1 Air quality Management responsibilities at Lynwood Quarry Personnel Quarry Manager Line Managers Senior Environment and Community Liaison All employees and contractors Responsibilities Provide that sufficient resources are allocated for the implementation of this Plan. Have a working knowledge of this AQMP. Be aware of the environmental legislative requirements associated with the Lynwood Quarry and take measures to ensure compliance. Coordinate the air quality monitoring requirements of this plan. Evaluate and report monitoring results as required. Coordinate air quality related incident investigations and reporting as required by legislation and internal standards and guidelines. Undertake an annual review of this AQMP. Comply with all requirements of this AQMP. Report all potential environmental incidents to the Quarry Manager immediately. Seek approval from the Quarry Manager prior to making changes to infrastructure/processes which may result in increased air quality emissions References NSW DEC Approved Methods for the Sampling and Analysis of Air Pollutants in New South Wales. National Environment Protection Council (NEPC), Advisory reporting standards for PM2.5. NSW Minerals Council, Technical Paper Particulate Matter and Mining Interim Report. Standards Australia, AS/NZS :2003 Methods for Sampling and Analysis of Ambient Air Determination of Particulate Matter Deposited Matter Gravimetric Method. Standards Australia, AS/NZ :2003 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air Determination of suspended particulate matter Total suspended particulate matter (TSP) - High volume sampler gravimetric method. Standards Australia, AS/NZS :2007 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air Guide to siting air monitoring equipment. Roles and Responsibilities 10

16 Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited, Environmental Impact Statement, Readymix Holdings Pty Ltd, Proposed Lynwood Quarry, Marulan. Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited, Environmental Assessment, Holcim (Australia) Pty Limited Proposed Modification to Lynwood Quarry, Marulan. References 11

17 APPENDIX 1 AQMP Development Consent Requirements

18 The Development Consent and Statement of Commitments and where they are addressed in this document is included in the following tables. Table 1 Development consent conditions Conditions Addressed in Section Schedule 3 Air Quality Impact Assessment Criteria 12. The Applicant must ensure that dust generated by the development does not cause additional exceedances of the criteria listed in Tables 6-8 at any residence that exists on the date of this consent, or on more than 25 percent of any privately owned land. Section 3.0 Pollutant Total suspended particulate (TSP) matter Averaging period Annual Criterion 90 μg/m3 Particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10) Annual 30 μg/m3 Table 6: Long term impact assessment criteria for particulate matter Pollutant Averaging period Criterion Particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10) 24 hour 50 μg/m3 Table 7: Short term impact assessment criteria for particulate matter Pollutant Averaging period Maximum increase in deposited dust level Maximum total deposited dust level Deposited dust Annual 2 g/m2/month 4 g/m2/month Table 8: Long term impact assessment criteria for deposited dust Note: Deposited dust is assessed as insoluble solids as defined by Standards Australia, 1991, AS : Methods for Sampling and Analysis of Ambient Air - Determination of Particulates - Deposited Matter Gravimetric Method. Operating Conditions 13. The Applicant must: (a) implement best practice management to minimise the dust emissions of the development; Section 4.0 (b) carry out periodic air quality monitoring to determine whether the development is complying with the relevant conditions of this consent; Section 5.1 Appendix 1

19 Conditions (c) regularly assess meteorological and air quality monitoring data and relocate, modify and/or stop operations on site to ensure compliance with the air quality criteria in this consent; (d) minimise the air quality impacts of the development during adverse meteorological conditions and extraordinary events; and (e) minimise the area of surface disturbance and maximise progressive rehabilitation of the site, to the satisfaction of the Secretary. Addressed in Section Section 5 and Section 4.0 Section 4.0 Quarry-owned Land 14. The Applicant must ensure that all reasonable and feasible avoidance and mitigation measures are employed so that particulate matter emissions generated by the development do not cause exceedances of the criteria in Tables 6-8 at any occupied residence on quarry-owned land unless; (a) the tenant has been notified of any health risks associated with such exceedances in accordance with the notification requirements under Schedule 4 of this consent; and (b) the tenant of any land owned by the Applicant can terminate their tenancy agreement without penalty at any time, subject to giving reasonable notice, to the Satisfaction of the Secretary. Section 4.0 Section 6.2 Section 6.2 Air Quality Management Plan 15. The Applicant must prepare an Air Quality Management Plan for the development to the satisfaction of the Secretary. In addition to the standard requirements for management plan (see condition 2 of Schedule 5) this plan must: Entire Document a) be submitted to the Secretary for approval by 30 November 2016, unless otherwise agreed by the Secretary; b) be prepared in consultation with the EPA; Section 1.5 c) describe the proposed air quality management system; and Section 4.0 d) include an air quality monitoring program that: is capable of evaluating the performance of the development; includes a protocol for determining any exceedances of the relevant conditions of consent; effectively supports the air quality management system; and evaluates and reports on the adequacy of the air quality management system. Section 5.0 Appendix 1

20 Conditions Addressed in Section Meteorological Conditions 15A. For the life of the development, the Applicant must ensure that there is a suitable meteorological station operating in the vicinity of the site that complies with the requirements in the Approved Methods for Sampling of Air pollutants in New South Wales. Section 5.3 Schedule 5 Management Plan Requirements 2. The Applicant must ensure that the Management Plans required under this consent are prepared in accordance with any relevant guidelines, and include: detailed baseline data; Section 2.0 a) a description of: the relevant statutory requirements (including any relevant approval, licence or lease conditions); any relevant limits or performance measures/criteria; and the specific performance indicators that are proposed to be used to judge the performance of, or guide the implementation of, the development or any management measures; (c) a description of the measures that would be implemented to comply with the relevant statutory requirements, limits, or performance measures/criteria; Appendix 1, Section 3.0 and Section 4.0 Section 4.0 b) a program to monitor and report on the: impacts and environmental performance of the development; and (d) effectiveness of any management measures (see (c) above); (e) a contingency plan to manage any unpredicted impacts and their consequences; (f) a program to investigate and implement ways to improve the environmental performance of the development over time; c) a protocol for managing and reporting any: incidents; complaints; non-compliances with statutory requirements; and (g) exceedances of the impact assessment criteria and/or performance criteria Section 5.0 Section 6.2 Section 4.0 Section 6.2 Appendix 1

21 Conditions (h) a protocol for periodic review of the plan. Addressed in Section Section 7.0 Note: The Secretary may waive some of these requirements if they are unnecessary or unwarranted for particular management plans. 3. Prior to approval of management plans required under Schedule 3, all existing management plans, monitoring programs, strategies, programs, protocols, etc approved as at the date of approval of Modification 4 shall continue to have full force and effect, and may be revised under the requirements of condition 5 below as if subject to the conditions of this consent that applied prior to the approval of Modification 4, or otherwise with the approval of the Secretary. The Statement of Commitments relevant to the AQMP, and where they are addressed in this document, is detailed in Table 2. Table 2 Statement of Commitment Conditions Commitment Air Quality Holcim Australia will continue to implement the existing air quality management and monitoring system in place at Lynwood Quarry which includes both engineering and operations control measures as outlines in Section of the EA (MOD 4). The existing air quality monitoring program will be revised as operations commence in the Granite Pit with monitoring locations revised as indicated in Figure 2.5 of the Response to Submissions report. This monitoring program may be revised over the life of the Project with any changes outlined in the Air Quality Management Plan. Addressed in Section Section 4.0; and Section 5.0 Appendix 1

22 APPENDIX 2 AQMP Baseline Data

23 PM 10 Based on the data from July 2004 to July 2014 the existing particulate matter levels in the vicinity of Lynwood Quarry are summarised as follows: the highest 24-hour average PM 10 concentrations recorded were 83.5 μg/m 3 and 71.1 μg/m 3, on22 and 28 November 2009, respectively. There was significant bushfire activity across NSW at this time; in total there have been two occasions in 11 years of monitoring when the dust levels were above the50 μg/m 3 24-hour goal. This suggests that it is generally regional, rather than local sources of dust, which contribute to elevated concentrations; annual average PM 10 concentrations ranged between 3.3 to 13.1 μg/m 3 across both sites in all years, which are well below the EPA criterion of 30 μg/m 3 ; and the highest annual average PM 10 concentrations were 13.1 μg/m 3, measured at HVAS1 in 2004 and This value has been conservatively assumed as the background value for annual average PM 10. TSP No measurements of TSP matter are available for the site. Estimates of annual average TSP concentrations can be made from the PM10 measurements by assuming that 40 % of the TSP is PM10, based on studies undertaken in the Hunter Valley (NSW Minerals Council, 2000). Use of this relationship on the adopted PM10 annual average of 13 μg/m3 gives an existing annual average TSP concentration of approximately 33 μg/m3. Depositional Dust A summary of the data collected from eight dust deposition gauges from is as follows: Seven of the eight sites reported average levels below the EPA annual average 4 g/m2/month dust fallout criterion. The three gauges furthest removed from Lynwood Quarry are likely to be representative of general ambient conditions in the area. The average across these three gauges is approximately 1.8 g/m2/month over the entire 10 year monitoring period. The average background dust deposition level for the project has therefore been estimated at 1.8 g/m2/month. Appendix 2

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