THE DEMON ANAMMOX PROCESS: RESOURCE SAVINGS THROUGH SIDE STREAM TREATMENT, AND THE STEPS TOWARDS AN ENERGY NEUTRAL WWTP PRESENTED AT: NC AWWA-WEA 97

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1 THE DEMON ANAMMOX PROCESS: RESOURCE SAVINGS THROUGH SIDE STREAM TREATMENT, AND THE STEPS TOWARDS AN ENERGY NEUTRAL WWTP PRESENTED AT: NC AWWA-WEA 97 TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE PRESENTED ON: 13 NOVEMBER, 2017 PRESENTED BY: CHANDLER JOHNSON

2 Co-Authors Wish to thank the following people for their efforts in allowing this presentation to happen: Bernhard Wett ARA Consult Amanda Summers Pierce County / Chambers Creek WWTP

3 Agenda Section I: DEMON / ANAMMOX TECHNOLOGY Section II: PIERCE COUNTY WWTP Section III: STRASS WWTP Section IV: CONCLUSIONS

4 The DEMON / Anammox -Process

5 Reduce the Recycling of Nitrogen from Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic sludge digestion is very beneficial; However, recycling of high ammonia stream has many bad effects: Reduction in C/N ratio which minimizes denitrification potential thus requiring external carbon for meeting effluent Nitrogen limits Shock loads to system due to infrequent dewatering Alkalinity sometimes insufficient for complete nitrification Influent Primary Clarifier Aerobic SRT 15 D Secondary Clarifier Tertiary DEMON / ANAMMOX TREATMENT Anaerobic Digester Dewatering Represents up to 40% TN Load to Plant

6 EMON Anammox Treatment SBR Mode Aeration phase Fill / Mix phase Settling phase Discharge phase 1 process cycle of the DEMON involves multiple time-controlled phases: Aeration phase (Nitritation) Settling phase Mix phase (Deammonification) Discharge phase Fill & Mix Phase (NH3-N Addition)

7 DEMON Anammox Treatment Continuous Mode Micro-screen Influent flow NOB waste biomass Elevated Influent Pump EQ Tank Anammox return Side Mounted Mixer Microscreen Pump Messner Aeration Panels Flow to settling zone Settling Zone Treated Effluent flow Process Benefits Lower installed Feed pump HP Lower installed Blower HP DEMON Tank Higher Loading Rates Smaller EQ Tank Volume Higher Anammox Retainment

8 Fundamentals of Nitrification Denitrification Autotrophic Nitrification Aerobic Environment 1 mol Nitrate (NO 3- ) Heterotrophic Denitrification Anoxic Environment 40% Carbon 25% O 2 1 mol Nitrite (NO 2- ) 1 mol Nitrite (NO 2- ) 60% Carbon 75% O 2 100% Alkalinity 1 mol Ammonia (NH 3 / NH 4 + ) kw hr / lb N 4 6 kw hr / kg N ½ mol Nitrogen Gas Oxygen demand 4.57 g / g NH + 4-N oxidized (N 2 ) Carbon demand 4.77 g COD / g NO - 3-N reduced

9 Fundamentals of Deammonification Aerobic Ammonium Oxidation AerAOB > 60% reduction in Oxygen Eliminate demand for supplemental carbon Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Anammox or AnAOB 50% of the alkalinity demand 0.57 mol NO kw hr / lb N kw hr / kg N Partial Nitritation 40% O 2 50% Alkalinity NH NO HCO H NO N CH 2 O 0.5 N H 2 O 1 mol Ammonia (NH 3 / NH 4 + ) 0.44 mol N NO 3 - Oxygen demand 1.9 g / g NH + 4-N oxidized

10 Comparison of Consumables Conventional

11 Nitrogen Cycle Methanol O 2 O 2 50%

12 Demon Projects for North America York River, VA Operational lb/day Biogas plant, FL Operational ,500 lb/day Alexandria, VA Operational ,826 lb/day City of Greeley, CO Operational lb/day City of Guelph, Ontario Operational lb/day Pierce County, WA Operational ,147 lb/day DC Water, DC Operational ,338 lb/day

13 Demon - DC Water

14 Demon - Pierce County

15 Agenda Section I: DEMON / ANAMMOX TECHNOLOGY Section II: PIERCE COUNTY WWTP Section III: STRASS WWTP Section IV: CONCLUSIONS

16 Pierce County DEMON Process Flowchart Centrifuge/ Dewatering Discharge Cyclone Waste valve Feed Pump Enrichment Cyclone EQ Basin Blowers Recycle valve Decanter Recycle valve Waste valve Mixer Decanting Valve Mixer Effluent Tank Enrichment Cyclone pump

17 Pierce County Demon Reactors SBR1: 256,000 gal SBR2: 253,700 gal Hi operational level 21 ft Low operational level 18 ft Available set points Aeration and Fill Phase Fill time and flowrate Blower speed and time Aeration Phase Blower speed & time Mix/Fill Phase Mixer speed & time Fill time and flowrate Fill Phase Flowrate and time Enrichment Hydrocyclones Recycle & wasting time Settling Time Decant Decant mode decanter/cyclone Time

18 PIERCE COUNTY START UP DATA

19 PIERCE COUNTY START UP DATA

20 PIERCE COUNTY START UP DATA

21 PIERCE COUNTY START UP DATA

22 PIERCE COUNTY START UP DATA

23 PIERCE COUNTY START UP DATA DEMON BIOMASS AUGUST 2017 DEMON BIOMASS OCTOBER 2017

24 Agenda Section I: DEMON / ANAMMOX TECHNOLOGY Section II: PIERCE COUNTY WWTP Section III: STRASS WWTP Section IV: CONCLUSIONS

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26 WWTP Strass, Austria 10 MGD Winter, 5 MGD Summer Mainstream treatment by an A+B process Net energy positive plant since 2005 DEMON Mainstream & Side stream

27 WWTP Strauss Energy Balance total consumption WWTP (kwh/a) electricity balance (kwh/a) 18% Flow Increase Co-Digestion + New CHP New CHP DEMON Wett et al., 2014

28 Hydro-Cyclones Select Granules to De-Couple SRT of MLSS Bioaugmentation of Mainstream with Anammox Micro-Screen Bioaugmentation of Mainstream with AOB s Micro-Screen

29 Strass Resource Requirements of sidestream deammonification screen installation diffuser repair

30 Strass N-removal efficiency of sidestream deammonification screen installation

31 Strass Bioaugmentation to Mainstream WWTP

32 Strass Screen Performance in Retainment of Anammox

33 A major step towards an energy self-sufficient WWTP Conventional N-removal Aeration Wh /pe d Total Wh /pe d Gas el Wh /pe d Balance Wh /pe d A+B & DEMON in sidestream, mainstream Aeration Wh /pe d Total 25 C Wh /pe d Gas el Wh /pe d Balance Wh /pe d

34 Agenda Section I: DEMON / ANAMMOX TECHNOLOGY Section II: PIERCE COUNTY WWTP Section III: STRASS WWTP Section IV: CONCLUSIONS

35 CONCLUSIONS Sidestream treatment using the DEMON / Anammox treatment system is the most cost effective biological treatment solution. Seven systems now operational in North America with first system now treating filtrate from Cambi THP + Mesophilic digestion. Start up of the Pierce County DEMON system has gone from 200 lb/day up to over 1,300 lb/day in less than 3 months. Strass WWTP in Austria using the A+B concept with both sidestream and mainstream deammonification with aeration control produces 25% more power than uses and is using less and less energy.

36 Thank you!!! ANY QUESTIONS???? CHANDLER JOHNSON