Presentation 4. PCM in the built environment. Phase change materials in the built environment. Combining comfort and sustainability

Transcription

1 Presentation 4 PCM in the built environment Combining comfort and sustainability Deerns Consulting Engineers I.M. Bouwman MSc.

2 Contents Contents of the presentation Introduction to Deerns What is thermal mass? What is Phase Change Material? PCM building applications Deerns project examples Trends with respect to PCM Conclusions

3 Introduction to Deerns Deerns Consulting Engineers International engineering company Founded in 1928 > 450 employees: Netherlands, Germany, USA, UAE Multidisciplinary: Energy & Sustainability, MEP, building physics, R&D Consultancy covering every phase: from concept to implementation

4 Deerns Vision Create sustainable buildings People Planet Profit Create a comfortable and safe indoor environment by applying our extensive expertise on building physics Combining our experience and creativity to create practical solutions for green buildings Decisions are based on life cycle cost analyses, taking into account the effects on people and planet

5 What is thermal mass? Low mass High mass Up to 100% savings possible on cooling! Temperature ( o C) Effect of thermal mass on a building Peak shaving Low mass High mass Time-shifting Time (hours)

6 What is Phase Change Material? Sensible heat storage Latent heat storage LIQUID 0 C 1 C: 4.2 kj/kg Hot water boiler A PCM is a substance which, melting and solidifying at a certain temperature, is capable of storing and releasing large amounts of thermal energy. SOLID 0 C 330 kj/kg

7 What is Phase Change Material? Many kinds: salt-hydrate, paraffin etc Melting temperature: -100 C to 1000 C Choose right temperature Both for heating and cooling Must be regenerated! LIQUID 0 C Heat absorption Heat release SOLID 0 C

8 Why use phase change materials? Heat storage capacity concrete Heat storage capacity PCM 200 kg 80 mm 250 mm = 10 kg 7 mm Perfect for improving thermal storage capacity of lightweight constructions!

9 PCM and sustainability People Planet Profit Energy savings for cooling and heating Recycled material: waste of other processes Reduces exploitation costs: energy and peak power Reduces required peak capacity less refrigerants

10 PCM building applications Passive systems Active systems PCM gypsum drywall Central storage device Lamella filled with PCM PCM passive climate ceiling Decentral storage device

11 Project Example Nominee Energy Award 2008: E=MC 2 WILO building, Industrial Site Hoogtij, Westzaan Ecological Multifunctional Climate Ceiling

12 Properties of the multifunctional ceiling Metal ceiling, filled with concrete + PCM 4,25% micronised PCM in concrete 100% increase thermal capacity! Acoustical damper Concrete core activation Thermal Energy Storage

13 Energy saving measures Active measures L temp heating, H temp cooling Aquifer thermal energy storage Thermal buffer in floors + ceiling Symbiosis! Passive measures Very well insulated Orientation of glass surfaces Thermally reflective glass Natural cooling at night

14 The Applied PCM 4,25% BASF Micronal 5030-X Melting temperature: 21 o C, 110 kj/kg Required cooling capacity: 50% Costs: 2.90/kg PCM

15 Deerns PCM developments Caverion PCM climate ceiling i.c.w. Schmidt Reuter

16 Properties of the Caverion ceiling Copper 25 mm tubing Combination of active & passive Salt-hydrate PCM, 22 C Performance: up to 90 W/m 2 Powerful yet efficient PCM 120 mm Chilled water

17 Case study Case: Buffer for bio-fuel heater, Meerhoven Goal: Reduce size of proposed hot water buffers Solution: Enhance thermal buffer with 6 % PCM Experiments: 40 % reduced buffer size Reference: L.F. Cabeza et al, University of Lleida, Spain Costs: 30% cost reduction when using 10% PCM and 40% reduced buffer size

18 Trends in the market 8.00 PCM price vs time Price / kg Time (years) * Bulk price for Climator Climsel C24 PCM prices are dropping Energy prices are rising PCM is getting more and more attractive!

19 Conclusions PCM provides thermal storage capacity can increase comfort in buildings can reduce the primary energy use of buildings can save on exploitation costs (energy + peak power) is financially getting more and more attractive