Freshwater supply: the subsurface to the rescue

Transcription

1 Freshwater supply: the subsurface to the rescue Adaptation Futures, Rotterdam May 11, 2016 K.G. Zuurbier Introduction General problem Freshwater shortage 1

2 Introduction General problem Mismatch freshwater availability and demand Coastal areas worldwide: freshwater shortage and salinization! NL: especially irrigation water shortage NL: mismatch may increase Traditionally: expensive aboveground solutions (storage) or unsustainable solutions (desalination) Introduction 2

3 Introduction Subsurface has advantages though Large capacity, protection, not claiming aboveground surface area For example: groundwater abstractions and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) via wells Ecosystem service Introduction 3

4 Introduction How can dedicated hydrogeological solutions in the subsurface contribute to future climate adaptation? Subsurface Water Solutions (SWS) 4

5 Subsurface Water Solutions (SWS) Dedicated hydrogeological concepts to enlarge, protect, and abstract freshwater in the subsurface SUBSOL project SUBSOL objective: establish a market breakthrough of subsurface water solutions as robust, effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient answers to the freshwater challenges in coastal areas worldwide. 5

6 SUBSOL project SUBSOL objective: establish a market breakthrough of subsurface water solutions as robust, effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient answers to the freshwater challenges in coastal areas worldwide. WP1 WP2 WP3 WP4 real-scale demonstration of long term viability market replication of nearmarket water solutions standardisation and regulatory issues market assessment and business plan residual risk linked to scaling-up Social, institutional, economic and governance aspects untapped potential of ICT Subsurface Water Solutions (SWS) Three examples (reference sites): Freshkeeper Prevent saltwater intrusion into freshwater wells ASR Coastal Enable freshwater storage in brackish aquifers Freshmaker Enlarge natural freshwater lenses 6

7 Example 1: Freshkeeper (Noardburgum) Example 1: Freshkeeper (Noardburgum) s.w. interface 7

8 Example 1: Freshkeeper (Noardburgum) Vitens goal is to go full scale in near future..and this is what we need for that: 1. Long term testing at the pilot reference site, to gain confidence in concept and technique 2. A regional hydrological study, to predict full scale effects on nearby well fields 3. Support from all stakeholders, including authorities 4. Full scale technological design and business case Example 1: Freshkeeper (Noardburgum) 8

9 Example 2: Freshmaker (Ovezande) Example 2: Freshmaker (Ovezande) 9

10 Example 2: Freshmaker (Ovezande) Quality recovered water Efficient interception ICT Pre-treatment / clogging Maximal storage Improve well design + installation Example 3: ASR-Coastal (Westland/Nootdorp) 10

11 Example 3: ASR-Coastal (Westland/Nootdorp) Example 3: ASR-Coastal (Westland/Nootdorp) Combination with RO to recover 100% of the infiltrated water and neutralize concentrate injection 11

12 Example 3: ASR-Coastal (Westland/Nootdorp) Improved testing / resilience Online operational Dashboard automated central controlling unit RO Concentrate disposal Freshkeeper SUBSOL project design Pilots and market scans Reference sites (WP1) Noardburgum (NL) Ovezande (NL) Nootdorp/Westland (NL) Replication sites (WP2) Falster Island (DK) Schinias (GR) Dinteloord (NL) Venice (US) 12

13 SUBSOL Market Replications Objective: demonstrate the robustness of SWS and their applicability under different environmental and societal conditions different hydrogeological settings for different end-users under different policy and regulatory frameworks This will increase confidence in the SWS, and will provide important knowledge on its market potentials and constraints. Market Replications T2.1 Falster Island (DK) T2.4 Dinteloord (NL) T2.3 Venice (FL) T2.2 Schinias (GR) 13

14 The Island of Falster, Denmark: Salt water intrusion Salt water intrusion from Baltic Sea and marine sediments Sweden Denmark Island of Falster Baltic Sea / salinity ~ 10 % o Germany Poland Photo from ferry between Denmark and Germany, August 2006, Foto: Klaus Hinsby Dinteloord, NL: effluent re-use for irrigation Nieuw Prinsenland greenhouse area: New type of source water for ASR in the Netherlands (recycled waste water effluent) Turning temporal waste from the industry (sugar factory) into an (long-term) available water resource for horticulture New area for ASR in the Netherlands, no systems situated nearby - Costs - Benefits Modelling - Forecasts - Upscaling Cycle testing: - Clay dispersion/ Aquifer clogging? - Cation exchange 14

15 Urban Waterbuffer Prevent pluvial flooding Supply freshwater for ponds, irrigation, grey water, drinking water Urban Waterbuffer Prevent pluvial flooding Booth: VPDelta Supply freshwater for ponds, irrigation, grey water, drinking water 15

16 Summary How can dedicated hydrogeological solutions in the subsurface contribute to future climate adaptation? Summary 1. Select your site carefully 16

17 Summary 1. Select your site carefully 2. Increase flexibility! Summary 1. Select your site carefully 2. Increase flexibility! 3. Take reactive transport into account 17

18 Summary 1. Select your site carefully 2. Increase flexibility! 3. Take reactive transport into account 4. Consider horizontal wells Summary 1. Select your site carefully 2. Increase flexibility! 3. Take reactive transport into account 4. Consider horizontal wells 5. Benefit from ICT 18

19 Summary 1. Select your site carefully 2. Increase flexibility! 3. Take reactive transport into account 4. Consider horizontal wells 5. Benefit from ICT 6. But be careful while perforating! Summary Lessons learned now: 1. Select your site carefully 2. Increase flexibility! 3. Take reactive transport into account 4. Consider horizontal wells 5. Benefit from ICT 6. But be careful while perforating! To learn: Stakeholder participation in SWS Market scans Regulation Life cycle analysis 19

20 Freshwater supply: the subsurface to the rescue More info: 20