AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION USING MICROCONTROLLER BASING ON PRESSURE

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1 Volume 116 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION USING MICROCONTROLLER BASING ON PRESSURE ijpam.eu 1 M.Sowmiya Manoj, 1* B.Hemalatha 1 *Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, BIST, BIHER, BHARATH UNIVERSITY 1 sowmy - anu@yahoo.com, 1 *hemalatha.ece@bharathuniv.ac.in Abstract: The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system which switches pump motor ON/OFF for a certain period of time on sensing the moisture content of the soil. In the field, use of proper irrigation on time to time basis is important. The advantage of using this system to reduce human intervention and sufficient supply is given without wasting water. The project uses an 8051 series micro controller which is programmed to receive input signal of varying moisture conditioning of the soil through sensing arrangement. This is achieved by using an opamp as comparator which acts as interface between the sensing arrangement and the microcontroller. When the microcontroller receives the signal it gives an output that drives a relay for operating the Water pump and to run the water pump for certain amount of time. A input is given in the form of time which is linked directly to the timer section of microcontroller. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display status of the soil and water pump. The sensing arrangement is made by using four stiff metallic rods inserted into the field. Connections from the metallic rod are interfaced to the control unit. The concept in future can be enhanced by integrating GSM technology such that whenever water pump switches ON/OFF. A SMS is delivered to the concerned person regarding the status of the pump and the speed of the motor depends on the mentioned time. Keywords: Automatic irrigation, moisture content, GSM, Timing Technique, Microcontroller, LCD Display. 1. Introduction An automatic irrigation system [1] presents the most efficient convenient and cost effective way to irrigate the landscape and stimulate lush greenery all around. Proper designing and maintaining both the irrigation system and irrigation valves is important as more than 60% of wasted water due to poorly designed installed and operated sprinkler systems. The main reason is the lack of rains and scarcity of.land reservoir water. The continuous extraction of water from earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the zones of unirrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due to unplanned use of water due to which a significant amount of water goes to waste.this problem can be rectified if we use microcontroller based automated irrigation system in which the irrigation takes place only when there will be acute requirement of water. Here the discussion is going about how the automatic irrigation system can be developed and it can be useful for producing better results in irrigation. In section 1 presents the description about components using in this method. In section 2 the methodology about irrigation system is discussed briefly. In section3 the benefits and the scope of the ongoing method has been detailed out. In section 4 conclusion of the proposed method is done. 1.1 Need Of Automatic Irrigation: Automatic irrigation systems are convenient, especially for those who travel. If installed and programmed properly, automatic irrigation systems can even save you money and help in water conservation. Dead lawn grass and plants need to be replaced, and that can be expensive. But the savings from automatic irrigation systems can go beyond that. Watering with a hose or oscillator wastes water. Neither method targets plant roots with any significant degree of precision. Automatic irrigation systems can be programmed to discharge more precise amounts of water in a targeted area, which promotes water conservation. 2. Description of Components Following are the major components used from which microcontroller based automated irrigation system has been fabricated. 1. Soil moisture sensor 2. Microcontroller 3. Relay 4. GSM Modem 5. Liquid Crystal Display 6. Dc motor driver 2.1 Soil Moisture Sensor: The moisture sensor [2-5] is buried in the ground at required depth. The working of the moisture sensor is simple and straightforward. The moisture sensor just senses the moisture of the soil. The change in moisture is proportional to the amount of current flowing through the soil. 2.2 Microcontroller: 349

2 4 KB on chip program memory. 128 bytes on chip data memory(ram) 4 reg banks. 128 user defined software flags. 8-bit data bus 16-bit address bus 16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less). 3 internal and 2 external interrupts IC s and the motors.dc motor applications that require forward and backward driving of motors[18-22]. 3.1 Block Diagram 3. Methodology 2.3 LCD A liquid crystal display is a special thin flat panel that can let light go through it, or can block the light. The panel is made up of several blocks, and each block can be in any shape. Each block is filled is filled with liquid crystals that can be made clear or solid by changing the electric current to that block liquid crystals are used in battery powered devices[6-8]. 2.4 Relay A relay is a device designed to trip a circuit breaker when a fault is detected. The first protective relays were electromagnetic devices relying on coils operating on the moving parts to provide detection of abnormal operating conditions such as over current,over voltage, reverse power flow[9-11]. 2.5 GSM: A GSM modem [12-17] is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator just like a mobile phone.from the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.while these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them also used for sending and receiving SMS messages. 3.2 Working The moisture of the soil is identified by using the soil moisture sensor. The temperature of the soil is displayed in the LCD display. It consume less power. Initially the temperature is zero. The part requires 12v power and the microcontroller requires only 5v so the power can be step down with the help of register. The information related to the temperature is send to the users mobile through GSM modem. The user can give the message as start motor for 60 minutes. When user give message like this, then the motor will run automatically for 60 minutes with certain period of time. Basing On time setting, the motor will run fastly or slowly. When we turn on the motor the water will automatically go to the plants root. It will take around one minute. This time can also reduce with the help of program. 2.6 Dc Motor Driver Normal dc gear head motors requires current greater than 250ma.if we directly connect the motors to the output of any IC s, they might get damaged.. There is a need of a circuitry that can act as a bridge between the Flow Controller The above device [23-30] is connected to the timing section of the micro-controller. Message is sent to the microcontroller mentioning the ON state duration of the motor. The micro-controller uses timing section port to access the liquid flow controller and gives an 350

3 input to the device.based on this time the flow rate of the motor is decided. When land becomes wet then the user will receive a message as The field is Wet by seeing this he comes to know about the condition of his field. 3.3 Future Scope: The proposed system consist of less hardware as compared to the previous model hence it is compact as compared to the previous system. It is more cost efficient, this claim is made on the fact that the proposed system does not need the heavy and expensive hardware for implementation. This type of automated irrigation system consumes 40-50% less water as compared to the traditional system Ideal growth condition is been provided when small amount of water is been applied over large amount of time. This smart irrigation system extends watering time for plants, and provides ideal growth condition. It saves time and timer delay as per the environmental condition can be added for automatic watering. This smart irrigation system can be adjusted and modified according to the changing environment. It is simple to operate it starts by designing the map of your garden and marking the location of planting. 4. Conclusion It can be seen that the combination of hardware and software provides a irrigation controller that can be implemented at relatively low cost and which is extremely user friendly. From the point of view of working at remote place the developed microcontroller based irrigation system can work constantly for indefinite time period, even in certain abnormal circumstances. If the plants get water at the proper time then it helps to increase the production from 25 to 30 %. This system can be used to irrigate very large areas as it only needs to divide the whole land into number of sectors and single microcontroller can control the whole process. It saves human energy, time, cost, etc. References [1] Vijayaragavan S.P., Karthik B., Kiran T.V.U., Sundar Raj M., Robotic surveillance for patient care in hospitals, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-16, i-12, pp , [2] Vijayaragavan S.P., Karthik B., Kiran Kumar T.V.U., Sundar Raj M., Analysis of chaotic DC-DC converter using wavelet transform, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-16, i-12, pp , [3] Sundararajan M., Optical instrument for correlative analysis of human ECG and breathing signal, International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, v-6, i-4, pp , [4] Kiran Kumar T.V.U., Karthik B., Improving network life time using static cluster routing for wireless sensor networks, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-suppl5, pp , [5] Karthik B., Kumar T.K., Dorairangaswamy M.A., Logashanmugam E., Removal of high density salt and pepper noise through modified cascaded filter, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v- 20, i-10, pp , [6] Karthik B., Kiran Kumar T.V.U., EMI developed test methodologies for short duration noises, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v- 6, i-suppl5, pp , [7] Vijayaragavan S.P., Karthik B., Kiran Kumar T.V.U., Privacy conscious screening framework for frequently moving objects, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-8, pp , [8] Vijayaragavan S.P., Karthik B., Kiran Kumar T.V.U., A DFIG based wind generation system with unbalanced stator and grid condition, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-8, pp , [9] Arul Selvi S., Sundararajan M., A combined framework for routing and channel allocation for dynamic spectrum sharing using cognitive radio, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-11, i-7, pp , [10] Arul Selvi S., Sundararajan M., SVM based two level authentication for primary user emulation attack detection, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-9, i-29, pp--, [11] Kanniga E., Sundararajan M., Kanembedded control of sub cyclic Ac chopperwith high speed and low switching losses, Advanced Materials Research, v-717, i-, pp , [12] Kanniga E., Sundararajan M., Modelling and characterization of DCO using pass transistors, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, v-86 LNEE, i-vol. 1, pp , [13] Kanniga E., Selvaramarathnam K., Sundararajan M., Embedded control using mems sensor with voice command and CCTV camera, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i- SUPPL.6, pp , [14] Lakshmi C., Ponnavaikko M., Sundararajan M., Improved kernel common vector method for face recognition, nd International Conference on Machine Vision, ICMV 2009, pp-13-17, [15] Lakshmi C., Sundararajan M., Manikandan P., Hierarchical approach of discriminative common vectors for bio metric security, 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, ICCAE 2010, v-2, i-, pp , [16] Venkataganesan K.A., Mohan Kumar R., Brinda G., The impact of the determinant factors in the career satisfaction of banking professionals, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v- 8, i-3, pp ,

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