CERTIFICATION AND FINANCING PROPOSAL

Transcription

1 EQUIPMENT FOR SANITARY LANDFILL OPERATIONS NUEVO CASAS GRANDES, CHIHUAHUA Published: May 3, 2016

2 EQUIPMENT FOR SANITARY LANDFILL OPERATIONS NUEVO CASAS GRANDES, CHIHUAHUA CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 1. ELIGIBILITY 4 2. CERTIFICATION CRITERIA 2.1. Technical Criteria Project Description Technical Feasibility Land Acquisition and Right-of-way Requirements Management and Operations Environmental Criteria Compliance with Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations Environmental Effects/Impacts Financial Criteria PUBLIC ACCESS TO INFORMATION 3.1. Public Consultation Outreach Activities 17 1

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EQUIPMENT FOR SANITARY LANDFILL OPERATIONS NUEVO CASAS GRANDES, CHIHUAHUA Project: Project Objective: Expected Project Outcomes: The proposed project consists of the acquisition of heavy machinery and equipment for sanitary landfill operations in Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico ( The Project ). Achieve proper solid waste management in Nuevo Casas Grandes through the purchase of equipment for landfill operations, allowing the community to comply with applicable laws and regulations, contributing to the reduction of inadequate solid waste disposal and related risks for soil and groundwater contamination as well as vector-related diseases and other harmful effects. The environmental outcomes anticipated for the Project include: a) Improved landfill operations for the disposal of up to 55 metric tons of solid waste per day. b) Full compliance to applicable laws and regulations. c) Improved solid waste management system for approximately 16,500 households Population Benefitted: 59,337 residents of Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chihuahua. 1 Project Sponsor: Municipality of Nuevo Casas Grandes Project Cost: $ 500,000 US Dollars. 2 NADB Grant: $ 500,000 US Dollars. 1 Mexican Census (INEGI 2010) 2 Amount includes IVA 2

4 Uses & Sources of Funds: (US$) Uses Amount 3 % Equipment Acquisition $500, Landfill Construction 4 $468, TOTAL $968, Sources Amount % NADB Grant $500, SEMARNAT Funds $398, Municipal Funds $ 70, TOTAL $968, Unless otherwise noted, all U.S. dollar figures are quoted at an exchange rate of $16.00 pesos to the dollar. Since the project costs are in pesos, it is useful to estimate a dollar amount to allow for potential fluctuations in the exchange rate as well as unforeseen costs associated with the acquisition and/or delivery of heavy equipment. 4 The match requirement for CAP has been met through the investments completed by the Federal and Municipal governments in the amount of MX $7,499, (US$468,698.00) for the construction of the sanitary landfill, which has been completed. The construction of this component is directly related to the proposed Project but is not included in the scope for certification. 3

5 EQUIPMENT FOR SANITARY LANDFILL OPERATIONS NUEVO CASAS GRANDES, CHIHUAHUA Project Type 1. ELIGIBILITY The Project falls within the eligible sector of Solid Waste. Project Location The Project is located in Nuevo Casas Grandes, a community located 106 Km (65 miles) south of the U.S. - Mexico Border, in the State of Chihuahua. Project Sponsor and Legal Authority The Project sponsor is the municipality of Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, through the Public Services Department (the Sponsor ). The Sponsor is responsible for solid waste management and has the legal authority to acquire, own and operate the equipment for landfill operations. 2.1 TECHNICAL CRITERIA Project Description Geographic Location 2. CERTIFICATION CRITERIA The Project is located in the municipality of Nuevo Casas Grandes in the State of Chihuahua. Figure 1 shows the approximate location of the Project. The sanitary landfill is located about 8.5 km to the north east of the City. 4

6 Figure 1 PROJECT VICINITY MAP General Community Profile According to the 2010 Mexican census, the municipality of Nuevo Casas Grandes has a population of 59,337 residents, which represents 1.7% of the state s population and 0.85% of Chihuahua s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Manufacturing constitutes the most important commercial sector, representing 48% of the local GDP, while commerce represents the second largest industry, representing 31% of the local GDP. The service industry is the third largest contributor to the sector, providing 5% of the total GDP for the Municipality. Table 1 shows the basic public services and infrastructure in Nuevo Casas Grandes. 5

7 Water System Table 1 BASIC PUBLIC SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE Coverage 95% Supply source Number of hookups 15,979 Wastewater Collection Coverage 70% Number of connections: 11,824 Wastewater Treatment Coverage* Treatment facilities Solid Waste Collection coverage 100% Final disposal Street Paving Coverage 30% 12 water supply wells (Casas Grandes Aquifer) 100% of collected flows Extended aeration, 280 liters per second (6.4 million gallons a day) Controlled Dumpsite Source: JCAS, May * Calculated based on the percentage of households with wastewater collection service connected to the existing treatment facility. Solid Waste Management Profile The Sponsor currently provides waste collection services to more than 59,337 residents (100% coverage) through the Public Services Department ( Department ). For collection services, the municipality has 14 trucks in good operating condition. Each of the 12 residential routes is collected twice a week, with the exception of rural routes which are collected once a week. There is a commercial route with one truck assigned that also provides service to municipal parks. Commercial establishments that generate more than 2 bins (110 gallons) per day are required to pay $65.00 pesos for collection services. The remaining truck is used to collect rubbish or other waste that is reported to the Department as being in the public right-of-way. The Municipal Development Plan includes goals to improve solid waste collection services through activities, such as conducting a route analysis as well as improvement and optimization of operations, including a vehicle maintenance program and education for the community. Currently, collected solid waste is disposed of in a controlled dumpsite. However, to improve waste management and comply with norm NOM-083 SEMARNAT-2003, the Sponsor has completed the construction of a new landfill with SEMARNAT and Municipal funds. The Sponsor is working with the State for the closure of the open dump site which will take place once operation begins in the new landfill. 6

8 The new landfill is classified as Type B (50 to 100 tons per day) and is designed to include 10 cells with an overall expected capacity life of 24 years, considering an estimated generation of 55 tons of waste/day. The first cell was completed in April 2016 and has been designed to be 100 meters wide, 200 meters long, and 6 meters in depth with a slope of 3:1 on the sides and a layer of impermeable geotextile material at the bottom. The landfill also has a pond for leachate. Construction of the first cell also includes 3 bases for biogas wells that will be extended and managed by the municipality as waste is accumulated. Each cell will also include a perimeter fence to catch blowing debris and to control entrance to the working front. The new site is located adjacent to the existing dumpsite, on 104 hectares, providing sufficient area for future expansion. For current operations, the municipality uses a 1986 Caterpillar D7G bulldozer, which has already exceeded its expected useful life, requires constant repairs, and jeopardizes the proper management of solid waste. In addition to replacing this aged vehicle, the landfill also requires additional equipment to improve operations for soil removal, to cover waste and to reduce dust emissions during compacting activities in compliance with the applicable regulations. Without the acquisition of the proposed equipment, the expected life of the landfill will also not be achieved. Project Scope and Design The proposed Project consists of the acquisition of new equipment for landfill management. The Project includes the following components: Tractor Bulldozer - Caterpillar D5 or similar. Specifications include an enclosed cabin, LGP (low ground pressure) tracks for added stability and surface area for more efficient waste compaction, as well as an extended blade to facilitate waste dispersion and to protect the machine from waste passing over the top of the blade. Rubber tire wheel loader/backhoe - Case 580 SN or similar. Specifications include a hydraulically powered mechanism to scoop the waste and other material, an extendible dipper, and a one cubic yard capacity loader bucket with a bolt on the cutting edge. Truck (3.5 or 4 ton capacity). Specifications to support the transportation of personnel and additional equipment in and around the landfill. Dump Truck (7 cubic meter (9 cubic yard) capacity). Specifications to support the transportation of cover material from the stock pile or other locations to the landfill operating front. Water tanker truck (8,000 liter (2,100 gallon) capacity). Specifications to support dust control in and around the sanitary landfill site, including access roads and cover material. Additional Equipment for Landfill Operations. Additional equipment will include: vehicle scale, 5000 Watt portable generator, portable welder, pressure washer, hydro pneumatic water tank, and a set of tools. 7

9 Figure 2 illustrates the type of heavy equipment that may be purchased. Figure 2 EXAMPLE OF OPERATIONS EQUIPMENT Top left: bulldozer, top right: dump truck; Center: backhoe; Bottom left: 3.5 or 4 ton truck, bottom right: water tanker truck. To assure adequate maintenance of the new equipment, the acquisition process will also include the purchase of a maintenance service package for a minimum of two years. It is estimated that once the notice to proceed is received, the acquisition of equipment will take approximately 3 to 4 months. Table 2 shows the expected Project milestones. Key Milestones Table 2 PROJECT MILESTONES Status Bidding process Anticipated for the third quarter, 2016 Equipment Acquisition Landfill Operations 4 months after notice to proceed Initiates upon receipt of the new equipment Bid formats and equipment procurement contracts will follow NADB Procurement Policy. 8

10 Technical Feasibility Design Criteria The principal objective of the proposed Project is to provide the tools necessary to carry out the landfill operations in an orderly and efficient manner in order to comply with the Mexican Norm NOM-083/SEMARNAT According to the norm, a sanitary landfill should provide for the final confinement of solid waste without causing impacts or danger to the health and safety of the public. The NOM-083 requires that every landfill have an operation manual and a program to monitor and control environmental impacts. It does not specify equipment required but does include basic requirements for the operation and closure. The basic requirements for operations activities in a Type B landfill include confinement and compaction of solid waste, covering solid waste daily, and controlling the unintended dispersion of light material, as well as stipulating that the separation of waste should not interfere with the operation activities. The basic requirements for closure of the landfill include the capture of biogas and leachate, which then must be burned and recirculated back into the landfill respectively. A consultant was contracted by BECC to recommend equipment to adequately support the sponsor s ability to comply with the requirements for operations at the landfill. Selected Technology Recommendations for appropriate equipment needs were prepared by a sector consultant in consideration of landfill size, estimated waste volumes received, normal operating hours, and local capacity to operate and maintain the equipment. The overall cost of all equipment necessary to operate in accordance with NOM-083 was also taken into account based on potential funding availability. Additionally, hands-on equipment operator training was provided in preparation for the operation of the new equipment included in the proposed Project. The equipment specifications were also selected based on completing the tasks required by NOM-083 for handling solid waste and completing corresponding tasks during an eight hour shift. The basic activities required include: dispersion, compacting, and supply of cover material, as illustrated in Figure 3 below. While the municipality has historically worked with a D7, with the new operating method laid out in the operations manual, the D5 is considered large enough to handle the expected waste volumes to be generated over the useful life of the equipment (7 years). In addition to the principal activities required to handle waste, the backhoe and dump truck will assist to supply the cover material needed on a daily basis as well as to support environmental impact control measures and maintenance around the site as required by NOM The water truck will also be used to control environmental impacts, such as dust generated by landfill operation activities. Figure 3 9

11 WASTE HANDLING PROCESS IN FOUR SIMPLE STEPS STEP ONE: deposit waste at the base of the working front. STEP TWO: disperse waste along the face of the inclined working front. STEP THREE: Compact dispersed waste against the face of the inclined work front. STEP FOUR: Place and compact cover material over waste at the end of each day Land Acquisition and Right-of-way Requirements The Project does not require any land acquisition or additional rights-of-way. The Municipality has the title to the landfill property where the equipment will be utilized for operations. 10

12 Management and Operation The municipality has a Public Services Department responsible for the management, operation and maintenance of all solid waste management services, including the landfill. The municipality has assigned a specific budget to the Department that allows them to address their responsibilities. The estimated budget for landfill operations is approximately 3.5 million pesos, annually. Based on the current budget allocation by the municipality for operation and maintenance activities, it appears that those funds are sufficient to support the estimated costs of the landfill operations. The Sponsor has operations and maintenance (O&M) manuals that include routine tasks, as well as procedures to address unexpected conditions and ensure a proper operation of the solid waste management system. Equipment purchased as part of the Project will also include warranty and maintenance information that will be included in the Sponsor s O&M Manual. In addition to the manuals, a sector consultant held training on-site in Nuevo Casas Grandes to review the method of handling waste in the landfill as described in the new operational procedures. After a description of the operational procedure, the operations personnel also received practical training at the landfill where the operators drove and maneuvered equipment similar to that, which will be used to carry out the activities as illustrated in Figure 3, above. The Sponsor plans to operate the landfill with the participation of 7 persons that will perform the following roles and responsibilities: Sanitary Landfill Manager (1): This position is responsible of technical and administrative responsibilities inherent with waste management services, which include ensuring the continued operation of the landfill vehicle maintenance and budget management among other responsibilities. Equipment Operators (3): These positions are responsible for the working front, capable to direct the work together as required to complete waste confinement operations with efficiency and order, capable of managing the equipment and with knowledge to comply with the regulations outlined in NOM-083, regarding the compaction of solid waste and reporting needs. General Laborer/Scale Operator (2): These positions (one or two will be required depending on the workload) provide support to the Manager and Equipment Operators. The positions will be responsible for capturing and organizing the information related to operation and control of the sanitary landfill, including weighing vehicles and material disposed of in the landfill. These positions will also provide support to organize and direct vehicles along the working front, in order to make the disposal of solid waste efficient and to keep traffic moving smoothly. Night Guard (1): This position is required to guard and protect the equipment, buildings and the landfill installations in general. 11

13 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA The current dumpsite conditions and lack of equipment for appropriate solid waste management in Nuevo Casas Grandes have the potential to cause environmental effects such as groundwater and soil contamination, and creates a setting conducive for harmful fauna and vectors. The Project implementation will help the City to substantially improve operations and solid waste confinement and contribute to reduce risks to environmental and human health issues related to the accumulation of improperly handled solid waste Compliance with Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations Applicable Laws and Regulations The Project does not require any environmental authorizations, as it consists of the acquisition of equipment. However, it is important to note that the construction of the new landfill by the municipal government is subject to State and Federal laws. The equipment acquired through the proposed Project will support the sponsor in compliance with the following Mexican norms: General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection (LGEEPA) - which establishes the environmental regulatory framework, expands the strategic vision and conveys specific powers and duties to the states and municipalities, so that environmental problems can be addressed directly. General Law for Waste Prevention and Comprehensive Waste Management (LGPGIRS) - which seeks to identify the criteria that should be considered by various levels of government in the generation and comprehensive management of solid waste, in order to prevent and control environmental pollution and ensure the protection of human health. NOM-083-SEMARNAT that specifies the environmental protection requirements related to domestic solid waste management that includes landfill site selection, design, construction, operation, monitoring, closure and complementary works. Ley General para la Prevención y Gestión Integral de los Residuos del Estado de Chihuahua (State Solid waste management law) - that establishes the provisions for solid waste collection and disposal and the procedures, techniques and technologies approved for appropriate solid waste management in the State of Chihuahua. Ley de Equilibrio Ecológico y Protección al Ambiente del Estado de Chihuahua (State Environmental Law) - that specifies the responsibilities of the State to protect and guarantee a healthy environment, and the provisions to preserve the environment, and the natural resources, water, wildlife, etc., and to promote sustainable development. Environmental Studies and Compliance Activities No environmental studies or compliance activities exist related to the acquisition of vehicles. For 12

14 the construction of the landfill the sponsor developed an initial study (Informe preventivo) to identify the environmental impacts related to the landfill construction. The report was submitted and evaluated by the Chihuahua s Directorate of Ecology that confirmed the landfill is not located in a protected area and issued a resolution in August 2014 authorizing the construction of the facility. The resolution also specifies the measures to prevent, control and comply with the environmental aspects of the landfill and requests a validation by the State once construction activities have been completed. The Sponsor will obtain and submit this validation to the NADB before the disbursement of any grant funds. Pending Environmental Tasks and Authorizations There are no environmental authorizations pending. Compliance Documentation There is no compliance document required related to the Project Environmental Effects/Impacts Existing Conditions and Project Impact Environment Improperly managed urban solid waste poses a risk to human health and the environment. Uncontrolled dumping and improper waste collection causes a variety of problems, including contaminating water, attracting insects and rodents, and increasing flooding due to blocked drainage canals or gullies. In addition, it may result in safety hazards from fires or explosions. 5 Proper waste management will support better control of related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which contribute to climate change, by facilitating methane capture. Project implementation will allow processing solid waste material in a confined structure and preventing its release into the surrounding environment. There are environmental impacts associated with the daily operation of heavy equipment such as dust emissions, air pollutant emissions and noise and that require mitigation activities to be implemented; however, when vehicles are operated and maintained properly and provide the expected service, the environmental benefits outweigh the potential negative impacts, and in the long run are expected to be minimal compared to the positive environmental impact of improving solid waste management, reducing soil and air contamination and risks to human health. The following are the expected Project environmental benefits: a) Improved landfill operations for the disposal of up to 55 metric tons of solid waste per day. b) Full compliance to applicable laws and regulations. 5 Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA530-F a (5306W) Solid Waste and Emergency Response May

15 c) Improved solid waste management system for approximately 16,500 households as a result of improved landfill operations. The environmental impacts resulting from Project implementation will be positive overall. Mitigation of Risks Specific training to mitigate the risks related to the operation of the equipment was included as part of the training held by the consultant. Equipment warranties and specifications also call for regular maintenance to prolong the useful life and efficiency of the equipment. A maintenance service contract will also be acquired with the equipment to assure the establishment of proper maintenance practices. In addition, the activities to be carried out by the equipment purchased through Project funds are inherently mitigation measures in and of themselves, as required by the solid waste management regulations. The O&M manual also references specific mitigation measures for the landfill to be carried out with the aid of the equipment, these include: maintenance and repairs to access ways, cells and terminated areas, dust control, and capture of biogas and leachate. Project implementation will have no significant adverse impacts on the environment. The use of Best Management Practices (BMP) and compliance with local ordinances will address any potential temporary and minor adverse impacts. Natural Resource Conservation The Project contributes to the reduction of environmental degradation by improving solid waste management in the Project area. Solid waste will be collected and conveyed to a new landfill, where it will be properly and efficiently confined to reduce the risk of soil and water contamination and health hazards resulting from inadequately confined waste material. Additionally, the implementation of new operation practices identified during the planning and training phase support efficient use of the land by minimizing the space required for waste confinement in the landfill. No-Action Alternative The no-action alternative was not considered viable; since the community does not have the equipment necessary for the adequate confinement of waste which could result in a reduction in the life of the landfill, continued improper containment of solid waste and significant health and safety hazards for the public. Additionally, the new equipment will eliminate the inadequate confinement of waste, avoiding the impacts associated with air quality and public health. Existing Conditions and Project Impact Health The inadequate management of solid waste produces multiple negative impacts on personal health and the environment. Even with the lack of epidemiological studies corroborating a direct link, it is widely recognized that agents exist in garbage that cause specific affects to human health. Uncollected or inadequately confined waste can cause an increase in the number of register cases of diseases such as: Dengue, Leptospirosis, gastrointestinal problems, breathing 14

16 problems, skin infections, and other effects that are worsened when the population lacks basic sanitary services. The same provoke frequent diarrhea and parasites that can converge in episodes of childhood malnutrition. The Project implementation is expected to help to reduce the health risks associated with inadequate confined solid waste. The Project will reduce the possibility of human contact with improperly disposed waste; as a result, it will reduce the transmission of vector borne diseases. Table 3 shows the health statistics in 2010 for the State of Chihuahua. Table CHIHUAHUA STATE HEALTH STATISTICS # Disease Total % 1 Acute respiratory infections 940, Intestinal infections by other organisms and poorly defined 205, Urinary tract infections 146, ulcers, gastritis and duodenal 53, Arterial Hypertension 31, Gingivitis y periodontal disease 24, Diabetes mellitus non Insulin dependent (Type II) 19, Acute Otitis media 18, Asthma and status asthmaticus 16, Chicken Pox 10, Pneumonia and bronchopneumonia 8, Intestinal amebiasis 6, Total 1,558, Source: Mexican Health Secretariate, Center for Disease Control (Sistema Único de Vigilancia Epidemilógica SUIVE, Secretaría de Salud) Transboundary Effects Transboundary environmental impacts are not anticipated since the location of the landfill is not adjacent to the United States. However, indirect benefits are expected in the region due to the reduction of transmissible diseases related to the inadequate disposal of solid waste in the area. Other Local Project Benefits Equipment acquisition and training strengthen the institutional capacity of the municipality and promotes sustainable development within the community, which will improve the quality of life of the community at large. 15

17 2.3 FINANCIAL CRITERIA The total estimated cost of the Project is US$968, The Project Sponsor requested a US $500,000 grant from NADB through its Community Assistance Program (CAP) to complete the financing of the Project. Table 4 presents a summary of total Project costs and the sources of funds. Table 4 USES AND SOURCES OF FUNDS Uses Amount 6 % Equipment Procurement $500, Landfill Construction 7 $468, TOTAL $968, Sources Amount % NADB Grant $500, SEMARNAT Funds $398, Municipal Funds $ 70, TOTAL $968, The Project complies with all CAP criteria. Therefore, NADB proposes providing a CAP grant for up to US$ 500,000 to the Municipality of Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chihuahua. 3 PUBLIC ACCESS TO INFORMATION 3.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION BECC published the draft certification proposal for a 14-day public comment period beginning May 3, The following Project documentation was made available upon request: Resolution of the initial study for the construction of the landfill (Resolución del Informe Preventivo) Operations and Maintenance manual 6 Unless otherwise noted, all U.S. dollar figures are quoted at an exchange rate of $16.00 pesos to the dollar. Since the project costs are in pesos, it is useful to estimate a dollar amount to allow for potential fluctuations in the exchange rate as well as unforeseen costs associated with the acquisition and/or delivery of heavy equipment. 7 The match requirement for CAP has been met through the investments completed by the Federal and Municipal governments in the amount of MX $7,499, (US$468,698.00) for the construction of the sanitary landfill, which has been completed. The construction of this component is directly related to the proposed Project but is not included in the scope for certification. 16

18 3.2 OUTREACH ACTIVITIES The Project is not required to conduct any public outreach activities pursuant to legal, regulatory or funding requirements. Since the Project does not require any environmental permits, no official notice was published in the local media. BECC conducted a media search to identify potential public input or opposition to the Project. Articles found that are related to solid waste management in Nuevo Casas Grandes include: The information identified in the articles describes the efforts of the municipality to acquire funds for the construction of the new sanitary landfill and for the procurement of equipment as well as various trainings held in regards to solid waste management. No opposition was detected in the media search for the Project. 17