WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PEPE RIVER THESIS

Transcription

1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PEPE RIVER THESIS A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCE BY: MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA NIM. A POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2014 i

2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PEPE RIVER SURAKARTA THESIS By: MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA NIM. A Supervisor Board Name Signature Date Supervisor I Dr. I Gusti Ayu Ketut R achmi Handayani, S.H.,M.M Supervisor II Prof. Dr. Ir. MTh Sri Budiastuti, M.Si Fulfil the Qualificatiopn On 6 February 2014 Head of Environment Sciences Study Program Postgraduate Program of Sebelas Maret University Dr. Prabang Setyono, M. Si. NIP ii

3 WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PEPE RIVER SURAKARTA THESIS By MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA NIM. A Has been maintained in front of reviewers and has been declared eligible on the date... June 2014 Reviewers Team : Occupation Name Signature Date Head Of Reviewers Dr. Sunarto, M.S NIP Reviewer Members Dr. I Gusti Ayu Ketut R achmi Handayani, S.H.,M.M NIP Prof.Dr.Ir. MTh.Sri Budiastuti, M.Si NIP Certified : Director of Postgraduate Program Sebelas Maret University Head of Environmental Science Study Program Prof. Dr. Ir. Ahmad Yunus, M.S. NIP Dr. Prabang Setyono, M.Si NIP iii

4 ORIGINALITY AND PUBLICATION STATEMENT Name : MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA NIM : A We declared that: SURAKARTA Is my work and free of plagiarism, and there is no scientific papers that have been asked by others to obtain academic degrees and there is no work or opinion ever written or published by another person exception writing used as reference in this text and a reference sources well as mentioned in the bibliography.i fat a later proved there is plagiarism in scientific papers, If in the future proved my statement is not true, then I am willing to accept the academic sanction, revocation of a degree that I obtained from this thesis MOHMED ABRAHEM M ARSHEDA iv

5 PREFACE the First, thanks to allah Almighty and our Prophet Muhammad for the strength and courage of faith to complete the thesis.my sincere gratefulness goes to the important people without whom I would never have been able to finish my thesis: my supervisors, my friends, and my family. Their guidance, help, and support were the most valuable treasure for me. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my first supervisors,dr. I Gusti Ayu Krh, S.H.,M.H., and my second supervisors,prof. Dr. Ir. Sribudi Astuti. for their excellent guidance, care, and patience that had provided excellent atmosphere to do my research. Finally, I would like to thank my Mother Father family and all my friends who have always supported and encouraged me with their best wishes v

6 SUMMARY Pepe River is a river that crosses the city of Surakarta, splitting the northern part of the city. This river will lead to the Solo River, one of the largest river in Java. Before emptying into the Solo River, the river will be joined by several rivers such as Anyar River and Gajahputih River. The rivers that flow through the city and empties into the Bengawan Solo will also affect the quality of the main river, Bengawan Solo. Pepe River headwaters west of the city of Surakarta, Boyolali region. Before entering the urban area, with potential activity dominated by agriculture and livestock pollution. With higher pollution level sare expected to occur when Pepe River flow entering the urban area of Surakarta. Observation studies showed a high density on the riverbank Pepe River region, especially into the urban area. Dense residential density will contribute a lot of domestic waste into the water. This will potentially worse if attention to lack of availability of sanitation facilities and processing household waste. Surakarta is a city of commerce, does not have a huge industry. However, some domestic industries are textiles, batik production. Batik industry has specific wastes are hazardous heavy metals are mixed in the stain. Metallic elements such as Cr6, Cd and Cu are widely used in the fabrication of dye to brighten staining results and increase the durability of the color on the fabric. Waste batik industry is estimated to contribute wasted Pepe River. This is evidenced by discoloration of the water, especially when water flow decreases. The risk of harmful heavy metals is its ability to accumulate and bring out the toxic at certain concentrations. vi

7 Observations on the social and cultural riverbank Pepe River shows low concern for the environment, especially the conservation of the river. The majority of the public views Pepe River as a family toilet and a garbage dump. Some dug wells along the river, giving the pervasive threat of contamination to the drinking water community. Society at Pepe River riverbank area generally have lower middle economic levels. Education they have apparently not too high so that an understanding of the risks of waste and environmental awareness is still low. In some situations still visible view of small children bathing in river waters contaminated by sewage. Some specific activities identified along the Pepe River flow is the Tirtonadi Terminal, the main bus terminal in Surakarta. Density and variety of activities potentially produce large amounts of garbage and could be wasted directly into the river. In addition, there are sizable Animal Market on one side of the river. vii

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS SHEET OF LEGALIZATION.. ii LIST OF FIGURES CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION...1 A. Background...1 B. The Problems Statement...5 C. Objective of The Research...6 D. The Advantages of The Research...7 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW...8 A. Water problems...8 B. Water Resource Potencies in Indonesia C. Water Resources Problems in Indonesia...12 D. Pollution Prevention and River Water Quality Improvement Programme...15 E. Water pollution control by the authority of the government and society...15 F. Measures Need And Has To Be Don...16 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...17 A. Place and Time of Research...17 viii

9 B. Materials for Research...18 C. Population and Sampling...18 D. Research Procedure...19 CHAPTER IV A. Pepe River Condition...23 B. Water Sample Analysis Result...25 C. Discussion...27 D. comparative Study with Indonesia Regulation...39 E. Study Level of Pollution with Storet Method...40 F. General Review of Research...43 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...47 A. Conclusion...47 B. Recommendation...47 REFFERENCE...50 APPENDEX ix

10 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Laboratory Analysis Result of Pepe River Water Sample, Physical Table 2. Laboratory Analysis Result of Pepe River Water sample, Chemical Parameters 26 Table 3. Laboratory Analysis Result of Pepe River Water sample, Biological Parameters 27 Table 4. Comparative Table of Pape River Water Sample Laboratory Result and..39 x

11 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Figure 3 Comparative Histogram of Temperature Analysis Figure 4 Comparative Histogram of Electric Conductivity Analysis Figure 5 Comparative Histogram of ph Analysis Figure 6 Comparative Histogram of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) Analysis Figure 7 Comparative Histogram of Zinc (Zn) Analysis Figure 8 Comparative Histogram of Sulphate Analysis Figure 9 Comparative Histogram of DO, COD and BOD analysis Figure 10 Comparative Histogram of Chloride Analysis xi

12 LIST OF APPENDIX Appendix 1 Research Picture in 3 Station Continued From Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Laboratory Research Appendix 3 physical and Chemical Parameters Continued From Appendix 3 Continued From Appendix 3 Continued From Appendix 3 Continued From Appendix 3 Continued From Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Biological parameter Continued From Appendix 4 xii