Sustainable Aquaculture for the MDGs; the role of the World Bank

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1 Sustainable Aquaculture for the MDGs; the role of the World Bank

2 The World Bank Vision: A World Without Poverty Create wealth, increase food security, maintain the environment and help communities build resilience in the face of climate and other changes

3 Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty Achieve universal primary education Gender equality & empowerment of women Reduce child mortality Improve maternal health Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, etc. Ensure environmental sustainability Develop global partnership for development

4 Fish are important to the fight against poverty and malnutrition Essential for > 1 billion people, >50% of animal protein for 400 million in poorest countries. >200 million people in developing countries depend on fish for their livelihood. >37% of world production traded internationally. Value of fish trade exceeds that of all other animal proteins combined. Much of the global fish trade flows from poor to rich nations.

5 so we need (sustainable) aquaculture. 70,000,000 60,000,000 50,000,000 40,000,000 Aquaculture Food Fish Capture Fishmeal 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 0 FAO 2010

6 Sustainability: the triple bottom line Environmental: does not mine/erode the natural resource base. Social: makes a positive contribution to development; does not disenfranchise others. Economic: runs without subsidies.

7 Some Symptoms of Unsustainability Repeated project failures Massive disease outbreaks Declines in water quality Loss of biodiversity Loss of ecosystem services (e.g., recreation, capture fisheries) Reduced efficiency due to stress, inbreeding Increasing operation costs (medicines) Lowered market appeal

8 Environment: Nutrient Efficiency Metric Tons Carps 19,122, % Aquatic plants 14,357, % Filter Feeding Bivalves 8,562, % Misc (Mostly) Indigenous Finfish 5,477, % Crustaceans 5,009, % Detritivorous Invertebrates 3,875, % Salmonids 3,657, % Tilapias 2,797, % Omnivorous Catfishes 2,599, % Misc Marine Carnivores 1,591, % Other Aquatic Vertebrates 1,296, % 68,348, % FAO 2010

9 Environment: Getting Better all the Time GAPI 2010

10 Environment: Creating Synergies

11 Social: 10 million jobs, mostly in developing countries; 50% women

12 Social: Food Security for the Poor

13 Economic: Models for Development Household Food Security SME/local markets Large Scale/export

14 Economic: Household Food Security Stabilizes degrading landscapes through improved water management. Can help to alleviate rural malnutrition. Largely uneconomical, requiring long-term subsidies in TA. Estimated 12% IRR on R,D& E if the money for subsidies is available.

15 Economic: Large-scale Capital intensive systems can overcome problems in the short term. Relatively risk resistant. Large & fast contributions to export earnings/ import substitution/taxes Questions of equitable economic growth and poverty alleviation Foreign owned firms may dominate markets, export food and repatriate earnings

16 Economic: SME Links input and output markets through the value chain. Maximizes development impacts without subsidies. Does not directly target the poorest of the poor. Sometimes difficult to regulate

17 What the World Bank can do: Help stakeholders better understand their aquaculture options knowledge products (publications, seminars) technical advice (consultants, study tours) Create incentives for private sector investment in sustainable technology and business plans engage institutions to support a sustainability agenda explore incentives for sustainability

18 Targeting the MDGs Water and feed efficiency (sustainability) Animal health (sustainability) Economic opportunities (poverty) Market access (poverty) Risk analysis & mitigation (sustainability) Genetic diversity & breeding (sustainability) Sound business planning (poverty) Pro-sustainability legislation (poverty) A coalition for sustainability (partnership)

19 (A few) New Project Ideas for Profish RAS and Aquaponics: technically feasible not commercially viable? Cost/benefits/risks of integrated Vs non-integrated systems. Feasibility of ELISA (or other simple) disease screening. Core library for SME technology. Expert system for cage EIA. Commercially viable fishmeal-free fish diets. Breeding key (indigenous) aquaculture species. Case studies on sustainable aquaculture processes.

20 Partner with PROFISH The World Banks Global Program on Fisheries and Aquaculture

21 Grow Fish and Prosper!