Agenda. Photoperiod Lighting 8/15/2016. Ivan Tchakarov Director of Growing Tue. September 20 1:30 PM 2:45 PM

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1 /15/ Ivan Tchakarov Director of Growing Tue. September 1:3 PM :5 PM Agenda Discuss lighting used at Metrolina Greenhouses. Photoperiod lighting. Not all new lighting. Review some of the work we are doing on LED. Photoperiod Lighting Lighting to turn short days into long days Typically hour night break (1 pm to am) Why is this important? 1

2 /15/ The rise of the calibrachoa! Calibrachoa in the past several years has become one of the most important hanging baskets we do. year ago we grew very few. Now we are up to over 1 million plugs per year We grow them in Baskets We grow them in Pots

3 /15/ We grow them in other Pots We grow them in other Pots We grow a lot of calibrachoa 3

4 /15/ Calibrachoa Calibrachoa varieties are facultative long day plants Varieties are getting better and better and more day neutral However our first shipments are in Mid to Late February. Metrolina: Huntersville, NC Calibrachoa

5 /15/ Calibrachoa Calibrachoa Lighting History At Metrolina 5

6 /15/ Lighting History At Metrolina Incadescent 1 FC HPS umol Lighting History At Metrolina Low light quantity Incadescent 1 FC HPS umol Lighting History At Metrolina Cravo/ Cold area Low light quantity Incadescent 1 FC HPS umol

7 /15/ Lighting History At Metrolina Cravo/ Cold area Low light quantity Great area but filled with other spring crops Incadescent 1 FC HPS umol Lighting History At Metrolina This area originally designed for growing plug (reason for umol light) This is now a finish production area. Do not need that much lighting now! Incadescent 1 FC HPS umol Lighting History At Metrolina Took half the lights down and moved to rest of the range to increase LD area Incadescent 1 FC HPS umol HPS umol 7

8 /15/ What about plugs? 3 acres with umol lighting for long day lighting Calibrachoa plugs Incadescent 1 FC HPS umol HPS umol What About New Lighting? LED Like most of you like us have been bombarded with LED sales people

9 /15/ LED Like most of you I am sure you have been bombarded with LED people General LED Sales Pitch The general LED sales pitch is that since you can control the spectrum of light with an LED you can better control plant growth. Dr. Eric Runkle The Expert! 9

10 /15/ Dr. Eric Runkle Using HPS, PL, or LED as a sole source of lighting to growth the plugs. GPN Sept 1 Dr. Eric Runkle Using HPS, PL, or LED as a sole source of lighting to growth Ambient the plugs. Dr. Eric Runkle Plasma HPS LED Using HPS, PL, or LED as a sole source of lighting to growth the plugs. Ambient Supplemented 7 umol/m/s 1

11 /15/ Dr. Eric Runkle Using HPS, PL, or LED as a sole source of lighting to growth the plugs. Plasma HPS LED 1. Supplemental lighting flowered faster than ambient.. Light sources worked similar LED What we understand today LED work as well as HPS (supplemental lighting). LED are more energy efficient than HPS on a bulb basis. LED are much more costly LED Trial We wanted to learn more for the future expansion and for improvements to the plug range. Most supplemental lighting benefits have been found in more northern area/holland. Would we get a benefit in NC 11

12 /15/ Dr. Jim Faust Mol/Day/m Faust Data NC 5 5 Typical Min 35 Typical Max /1 1/9 / 3/5 / 5/ /17 Faust Data+ NC Mol/Day/m 5 3 Ambient Typical Min Typical Max 1 1/1 1/9 / 3/5 / 5/ /17 1

13 /15/ Material and Methods Set up 3 light zones in our propagation area Control Ambient lighting glass greenhouse. HPS mol/m /sec from High Pressure Sodium fixture (1 hrs per day) LED mol/m /sec from Philips LED (1 hours/day) ie added over 5 mol/day extra to ambient light. Stuck cuttings, 1 week later placed plug under the various light treatments. PLANTS EVALUATED Bacopa Bahia Lavender Blue 3 Bacopa Bahia Pink Halo 3 Begonia Evi Bright Pink Calibrachoa AlohaHula Hot Pink Calibrachoa AlohaKona Hot Orange Calibrachoa AlohaKona Tiki SftPk Calibrachoa MiniFams Com Dk Red Calibrachoa Calipetite Pink Calibrachoa Calipetite White Calibrachoa Calipetite Yellow Calibrachoa Calipetite Red Calibrachoa Calipetite Blue Calibrachoa Lindura Purple Calibrachoa Lindura Yellow Calibrachoa MiniFams Dbl Blue Calibrachoa MiniFams Dbl Comp Lemon Calibrachoa MiniFams MiniDblMgnt Coleus Kingswood Torch Coleus Mainstreet Wall Street Coleus Vino Coleus Mainstreet River Walk Coleus Mainstreet Fifth Avenue Coleus Inferno Dahlia Dahlinova Carolina Dahlia Dahlinova Alabama Dahlia Dahlinova Carolina Orange Lobelia Hot Water Blue Lobelia Hot Snow White Lobularia Stream White Lysimachia Goldi Osteo Margarita Purple Osteo Margarita White Osteo Ostica Pineapple Petchoa SuperCalViolet Petchoa SuperCalCherry Petchoa SuperCal Blue Petchoa SuperCal Artist Rose Petchoa SuperCal Light Yellow Petunia Ctg Good n Plenty Orange Petunia Ctg Good n Plenty Yellow Petunia CtgPinkadillyCircus Verbena Wicked Cool Blue Verbena Wicked Great Grape MATERIAL AND METHODS Plants were transplanted into a 1 quart round pot and place under ambient light conditions. Plants were evaluated weekly for first flower, full flower and ship stage. At the ship stage height, width, and Quality (1>5) were measured. 13

14 /15/ LIGHT MEASUREMENTS Mol/Day/m 5 3 Ambient Typical Min Typical Max 1 Period of Trial 1/1 1/9 / 3/5 / 5/ /17 Light measured at outdoor weather station. RESULTS Mixed range of results. Similar to Runkles results supplemental lighting of the plug decreased time to ship. Similar results between LED and HPS Height or Width (Inchs) Height Width DAHLIA WO75 DAHLIA DAHLINOVA CAROLINA Q1.MON ANN 1 Week Number Rating (5>1) First Flower Ship Week 1

15 /15/ Height or Width (Inchs) Height Width DAHLIA weeks WO75 faster ship time with DAHLIA DAHLINOVA supplemental CAROLINA lighting Q1.MON ANN 1 Week Number Rating (5>1) First Flower Ship Week Height or Width (Inchs) Height Width CALIBRACHOA WO79 CALIBRACHOA ALOHAKONA HOT ORANGE Q1.MON ANN Week Number First Flower Ship Week Rating (5>1) Height or Width (Inchs) Height Width weeks faster ship time with CALIBRACHOA supplemental lighting. WO79 Some CALIBRACHOA ALOHAKONA Additional benefit HOTfrom ORANGE LED Q1.MON ANN Week Number First Flower Ship Week Rating (5>1)

16 /15/ Height or Width (Inchs) Height Width CALIBRACHOA WO731 CALIBRACHOA LINDURA PURPLE G1.5HBP LO ANN Week Number Rating (5>1) First Flower Ship Week Height or Width (Inchs) Height Width CALIBRACHOA 1 weeks faster ship WO731 time with HPS CALIBRACHOA LINDURA lighting. No PURPLE benefit LEDG1.5HBP LO ANN Week Number Rating (5>1) First Flower Ship Week CONCLUSIONS Should We Supplmental Time To Ship Light In Plug Bacopa No benefit No Begonia 1 week earlier with LED Yes Calibrachoa Variable response Maybe Coleus No benefit No Dahlia 1 to earlier with ligting Absolutely Lobelia Variable response Maybe Lobularia No benefit No Lysimachia No benefit No Osteospermum 1 to 3 earlier with lighting. Yes Petchoa No benefit No Petunia One series week faster. Maybe Verbena No benefit No

17 /15/ DISCUSSION Initial cost calculations demonstrated that a one week faster finish time would offset the added cost for LED lighting. However there is a faster pay back for HPS. $/1.5 Gallon Basket $. $.7 $. $.5 $. $.3 $. Cost Savings Added Cost LED Added Cost HPS $.1 $ Finish Time Savings R:\MG9 Light On Growth\LED VS HPS Cost Calculation.xlsx. Based on Calibrachoa basket ppp/ SF spacing. DISCUSSION-WHAT WE FOUND LED fixtures worked as well as HPS sodium for crops that were responsive. There will be energy saving from using LED versus HPS However there is a substantial increase in costs to LED installations. The payback period from using the LED over HPS is 7 to 11 years. Cost/ Install Equipment Energy Cost equip DIF Energy/Year DIF Years Pay Back Fixture Fixtures WATT Cost Cost $/season/bay LED Than LED Philips LED 15MM Type 1 5 $ 15 3,5 $ 3,1 $ $,533 $ 1,975 Philips HPS Philips Compare $ 7 1,1 1,5 $ 1, $ 1, $ (1,) $ 1.5 Kavita HPS GAN 1 EL $ 3 1,5 1,5 $ 9,9 $ 7,511 $ 33, $ (,97) $ 11.1 $ 7.1 PL Lighting HPS 571 Mod plus Alpha 3 $ 3 1,1 1,5 $ 11,7 $,9 $ 31, $ (,7) Year Pay Back = Energy saving costs from using LED versus HPS. Therefore how many years to pay back the added equipment cost WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO? At the moment nothing. 17

18 /15/ WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO? At the moment nothing. Supplemental lightings is not on the 17 Capital Budget. Right now LED is a substantial investment but does have a pay back. WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO? At the moment nothing. Supplemental lightings is not on the 17 Capital Budget. Right now LED is a substantial investment but does have a pay back. We will repeat the trial earlier in the season and look at more seed and vegetative crops. Expect even more benefits under early season low light level conditions. THANK YOU! 1