Bi-Level Demand-Sensitive LED Street Lighting Systems (EW ) Project Outbrief

Transcription

1 Bi-Level Demand-Sensitive LED Street Lighting Systems (EW ) Dr. Saifur Rahman Virginia Tech Advanced Research Institute Project Outbrief September 5, 2013

2 Project Team!! Dr. Saifur Rahman (PI), Virginia Tech!! Dr. Manisa Pipattanasomporn (co-pi), Virginia Tech!! Dr. Isaac Flory (co-pi), Old Dominion University

3 Technical Objectives!! To design, develop and demonstrate an energy efficient bi-level demand-sensitive LED street lighting system Returned to full intensity when traffic is detected. The streetlight will be dimmed at night! "#$%&#'()$#*+!!,($%-(./0!/1!23#!#45#62#-!/5#'(./0($!(0-!#6/0/7%6!)#0#82*!! 9&($:(./0!/1!2#630/$/;<!(66#52(06#!(0-!#0-=:*#'!1##-)(6>!! "#&#$/57#02!/1!;:%-#$%0#*!(0-!8#$-!#45#'%#06#!-(2(!2/!'#5$%6(2#!23%*!5%$/2! %0*2($$(./0!%0!/23#'!"/"!1(6%$%.#*!

4 Technology Description 3. Traffic/photocell sensors 4. Smart Server 1. LED 2. Streetlight controller Technology components: 1.! LEDs 2.! Streetlight controllers 3.! Traffic/light sensors 4.! Smart server 4

5 Uniqueness of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

6 Performance Objectives Performance Objective Metric 1. Quantitative Performance Objectives Reduction in Electricity usage (kwh) Reduction in Carbon foot print (lbs of CO 2 ) Lower cost of ownership over the life time Illumination levels Data Requirements - Electricity saving (kwh) Power measurements (V, A, kw, kvar, PF) - CO 2 emission (lbs) - Net present value (NPV) -! Savings to inv ratio (SIR) -! Payback period -! Adjusted internal rate of return (AIRR) - Illumination levels (fc) Annual electricity consumption (kwh) and emission rate (lbs/kwh) Capital costs and O&M costs Illumination measurements (fc) Success Criteria > 50% electricity saving > 50% reduction in carbon footprint - NPV LED < NPV HPS - SIR >= Payback <= 7 yrs - AIRR >= 5% Average luminance >= 0.8 fc Results ~ 74% electricity savings ~ 74% CO 2 emission reduction - NPV LED < NPV HPS - SIR = Payback = 6 yrs - AIRR = 9.19% % % Color temperature performance Correlated color temperature (CCT in K) Color temperature measurements ( K) CCT of 4000 K compared to existing CCT of K > 4000 K Reduction in mercury waste Amount of mercury saving (mg) Amount of mercury in existing lamps (mg) 100% reduction in mercury disposal requirements 100% reduction

7 Performance Objectives (cont d) Performance Objective Metric 2. Qualitative Performance Objectives User acceptance and light quality - Survey and feedback - Color photographs 3. Operational Performance Objectives System availability System reliability The amount of time the system is operational or ready to operate The amount of time the system performs as designed Data Requirements Feedback from individuals, including level of comfort, light quality, retrofit ability; Color photographs before and after the installation System logs that record LED output performance System logs that record LED output performance Success Criteria Positive feedback and high level of user satisfaction Results Positive feedback; high level of user satisfaction; better light quality and lower light pollution > 95% availability 100% availability > 95% reliability 100% reliability

8 Demonstration Site $" Building 80! %" '" #" ("!"!! )" &"! Completed installation in January 2012 Technology components QTY Locations 1 LED light fixtures 8 Installed at existing light poles 2 Streetlight controllers 8 Installed inside the LED fixtures 3 Traffic sensors 4 Installed at the locations marked by X 4 Smart server 1 Building 80 5 Network mgnt center 1 Building 80 8

9 Technology Integration and Controller Development SmartServer/ PLC Interface For managing the LED street lighting system Outdoor Light Controller (OLC) For controlling the ON/OFF and dimming of LED fixture Smart Server PLC Interface 9

10 Technology Integration and Controller Development (Cont d) :P.-.,833" QK;-,P" #%"*+,"QMNN3R" -.":P.-.,833" QK;-,P" B.C.1"D8-8,-" Q;U1+3"!#*.3-5" ;LTS"Q7+2-" Q82<82" 9.18"!" 9.18"#" 9.18"$" 9.18"%" D8-8,-.25E42+157;F825" :.K82" L;18" 0.MN382" X182UR">+-+" 3.UU82" #%" *+," 9.18"!" 9.18"#" 9.18"$" 9.18"%" Traffic Counters!#/" *+," #))"*+,"-."!#/"*+," " "!#/"*+," #))"*+," 0;2,M;-" V28+W82" L1 8 Lamps N 120Vac to 24 Vac Control Transformer G 10

11 Demonstration Results 1. Electricity savings 2. CO 2 emission savings 3. Illumination levels 4. Color temperature performance 5. Reduction in mercury waste 6. User acceptance and light quality 7. System availability 8. System reliability 9. Cost of ownership 11

12 1. Electricity Savings S&#'(;#!#$#62'%6%2<!5+<;1U5".6")'Y"B(*!#45#'%#06#-!(T#'!23#!%0*2($$(./0U!! Total 14,953 kwh 3,893 kwh Annual savings = 11,060 kwh

13 2. CO 2 Savings S&#'(;#!0T # "5+<;1U5".6")'Y"B(*!#45#'%#06#-!(T#'!23#!%0*2($$(./0U!! " Annual Electricity Consumption! Annual CO2 emission HPS" LED" 14,953 kwh! 3,893 kwh! 21,742 lbs! 5,660 lbs! Annual savings" 11,060 kwh (~74% savings)! 16,081 lbs (~74% savings)! DPV!6/0&#'*%/0!1(62/'!1/'!L('<$(0-!/1!WUXHX!$)*O>M3!B(*!:*#-U!

14 3. Illumination Assessment HPS Min: 0.32 fc Max: 8.5 fc 100% Min: 0.53 fc Max: 2.74 fc 60% Min: 0.32 fc Max: 1.65 fc

15 HPS vs LED Illumination Measurement (foot candle)! B=S" BZ[" Z*X" Z*XEB=S" BZ[EB=S" J:Q" IUYV! ZUHI! VUVX! [UII! V\UH\! LXD"\"!//Y" IUHY! VU[X! WUXI! VU\X! HUW[! LXD"\"(/Y" IUYV! WU\H! IUZ\! VU\Z! HUW\! L:63!)#a#'!$%;32!$#&#$! L:63!)#a#'!$%;32!:0%1/'7%2<! ]3#!0#B$<!%0*2($$#-!?9"!*2'##2!$%;3.0;!*<*2#7!7##2*+! "! E#6/77#0-#-!S,9!7(%02(%0#-!$:7%0(06#!&($:#*!1/'!6/$$#62/'!'/(-*!%0!6/77#'6%($! ('#(*!/1!IUZ!16^! "! E#6/77#0-#-!S,9!2/!LFQ!&($:#!/1!X!2/!W^! "! E#6/77#0-#-!LS_!2/!LFQ!&($:#!/1!Z!2/!W^! ^!)(*#-!/0!23#!F$$:7%0(.0;!90;%0##'%0;!N/6%#2<!/1!Q/'23!S7#'%6(!CF9NQSG!7#(*:'#7#02! ;:%-#$%0#!?L=HI=``U!! ]3%*!%75$%#*+! "!?9"!5'/&%-#*!)#a#'!%$$:7%0(./0!(0-!$:7%0(06#!:0%1/'7%2<!(*!6/75('#-!2/!23#! 15

16 4. Color Temperature Performance HPS Min: 1600 K Max: 2140 K Area with no light pollution: 1600 K-2140 K 100% 60% Min: 2510 K* Max: 5800 K Area with no light pollution: 4300 K-5800 K Min: 1600 K* Max: 5850 K Area with no light pollution: 4700 K-5850 K * Due to light pollution from the HPS unit at Building A

17 5. Reduction in Mercury Waste (mg)!//y"782,m2r"k+5-8"28>m,c.1"%*!/)*#'&#-!(*!?9"!-/#*!0/2!6/02(%0! 7#'6:'<! Base case (HPS) Alternative (LED) Savings from Alternative Amount of mercury/bulb mg 0 mg mg/lamp Amount of mercury during the study period of 12 years 8 bulbs every 3 years = 32 bulbs mg

18 6. User Acceptance and Light Quality A survey was conducted during the week of April 9-16, How satisfied are you with the overall performance of LED lighting? 100% very satisfied 2. How satisfied are you with the visibility improvement offered by the LED streetlights for you as a driver? 100% very satisfied 3. How satisfied are you with the visibility improvement offered by the LED streetlights for you as a pedestrian? 100% very satisfied 4. Do you feel that the new streetlights give off the right amount of light, or are they too bright or too dim? 100% Right amount of light

19 7. System Availability The availability of the overall system was derived from the availability of each component. All system components (LED luminaires, streetlight controllers, SmartServer and traffic/photocell sensors) demonstrated no failure during the post-installation monitoring. This implies 100% system availability.

20 8. System Reliability System reliability was measured by the amount of time the system performs as designed. Recorded data indicate that:! LED luminaires were switched ON at sunset;! LED luminaires were switched OFF at sunrise;! LED luminaires were dimmed at pre-selected times;! LED luminaires increased their intensity to 100% when foot/vehicle traffic was detected; and their intensity was gradually decreased to the previous level after a pre-set time.! The system was also function as expected during rain and snow. This implies 100% system reliability.

21 Operation of HPS vs LED (As of June 2012) 4 Power consumption (kw) HPS LED L/./0!N#0*/'*! 63(0;#!?9"! *2'##2$%;32!%02#0*%2<! 1'/7!-%77#-!*2(;#! 2/!1:$$!)'%;320#**! )#2B##0!`+II!57! (0-!X+II!(7!B3#0! 2'(A6!%*!5'#*#02! 0 12:00:00 13:00:00 14:00:00 15:00:00 16:00:00 17:00:00 18:00:00 19:00:00 20:00:00 21:00:00 22:00:00 23:00:00 0:00:00 1:00:00 2:00:00 3:00:00 4:00:00 5:00:00 6:00:00 7:00:00 8:00:00 9:00:00 10:00:00 11:00:00 21

22 Operation of HPS vs LED (As of August 2012) 4 Power consumption (kw) HPS LED L/./0!N#0*/'*! 63(0;#!?9"! *2'##2$%;32!%02#0*%2<! 1'/7!\Ic!2/!1:$$! )'%;320#**!-:'%0;! WW+II!57!2/!X+II! (7!B3#0!2'(A6!%*! 5'#*#02! 0 12:00:00 13:00:00 14:00:00 15:00:00 16:00:00 17:00:00 18:00:00 19:00:00 20:00:00 21:00:00 22:00:00 23:00:00 0:00:00 1:00:00 2:00:00 3:00:00 4:00:00 5:00:00 6:00:00 7:00:00 8:00:00 9:00:00 10:00:00 11:00:00 22

23 Operation of HPS vs LED (As of October 2012) 4 Power consumption (kw) HPS LED L/./0!N#0*/'*! 63(0;#!?9"! *2'##2$%;32!%02#0*%2<! 1'/7!\Ic!2/!1:$$! )'%;320#**!-:'%0;! WW+II!57!2/!X+II! (7!B3#0!2'(A6!%*! 5'#*#02! 0 12:00:00 13:00:00 14:00:00 15:00:00 16:00:00 17:00:00 18:00:00 19:00:00 20:00:00 21:00:00 22:00:00 23:00:00 0:00:00 1:00:00 2:00:00 3:00:00 4:00:00 5:00:00 6:00:00 7:00:00 8:00:00 9:00:00 Time 10:00:00 11:00:00 23

24 ! ]+58"0+58"?J:QA" =1;C+3"0+N;-+3"0.5-" =! b3/2/6#$$!d!ewii! =!?(75!%0*2($$(./0+!eXJ`II! =! 9. HPS vs LED Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Analysis l*#!qfn]!g:%$-%0;!?%1#!d<6$#!d/*2!cg?ddg!b'/;'(7+! Total = $14,350 Z3-821+C<8"?LXDA"" =!?9"!K!6/02'/$$#'!d!Z^eWJW`H!d!eWIJXII! =! b3/2/6#$$!d!ewii! Total = =! N7('2!*#'&#'!d!e[HI! $22,300 =!?(75!%0*2($$(./0!d!eXJ`II! =! 9$#62'%6($!B%'%0;!d!e\JWHI! C(G!L(%02#0(06#!f! '#5$(6#7#02!6/*2! C)G!P5#'(./0!f!! #$#62'%6%2<!6/*2!k!! WWUZY6O>M3!?%;32!):$)+!eHI!#&#'<!Y!<#('*!! g($$(*2+!evii!#&#'<!\!<#('*!?()/'+!ehio3'! hy+!z!):$)!'#5$(6#7#02!d!exii!!!!!!!!?()/'!d!h3'*^ehio3'!d!evhi! h\+!z!):$)!i!z!)($$(*2!'#5$(6#7#02!d!evjiii!!!!!!!!$()/'!d!z3'*^ehio3'!d!exii! h`+!*(7#!(*!hy! 14,953 kwh/year or $1,769/year, 3% inflation?%1#+!(**:7#!wv!<#('*!! Q/!7(%02#0(06#!'#j:%'#-!! 3,893 kwh/year or $460/year, 3% inflation * From EIA s egrid

25 HPS vs LED Net Present Value Comparison (Over 12 years) ]+58"0+58"?J:QA" Z3-821+C<8"?LXDA" Q+<;1U5"62.7" Z3-821+C<8" =1;C+3"=1< "0.5-" ewxjyhi! evvj[\i! =ezjxwi! B+;1-81+1,8",.5-" eyj[ii! ei! eyj[ii! X38,-2;,;-R",.5-" ew[j`i`! exj\\y! ewyjvx[! 4.-+3":28581-"*+3M8"L00" ^$'_I'I" ^#(_I($" ^&_'$)"! N(&%0;*=2/=F0&#*27#02!E(./!CNFEG+!!!VUIV!! S-m:*2#-!F02#'0($!E(2#!/1!E#2:'0!CSFEEG+!!`UW`c!! b(<)(6>!5#'%/-+!!!!\!<#('*!! WV=<#('!#$#62'%6%2<!*(&%0;*+!!!WYVJ\`I!>M3!! WV=<#('!#7%**%/0*!'#-:6./0+!!!W`VJ`HH!$)*!DP V!!!!!!NFE!d!!!!CeWYJVX[KeYJ[IIG!!!!!CeVVJ[\I=eWXJYHIG! 25

26 Contributions to DoD Energy and Water Goals!! We provide a technology demonstration to validate performance and operational costs and benefits of the demand-sensitive LED street lighting systems.!! We evaluate technology acceptance and get the technology ready to be transferred by working with NSWC Carderock Division.!! We provide field experience and implementation models that can be replicable in other DoD installations. 26

27 Issues/Lessons Learned (Site Access Permits)!! Restrictions on physical access to the site!! Visitors must be escorted in the base at all times.!! For a day-time visit, requests must be made one day in advance.!! For a night-time visit, requests must be made two weeks in advance.!! Restrictions on wireless communications!! There are certain restrictions on frequency band and power level to use for wireless communications within the base.!! Mesh network is not allowed.!! Restrictions on installation contractors!! Only electrical contractors with security clearance are allowed to perform the work.!! Restrictions on remote access from outside the base to the equipment!! Remote access from outside the base is not allowed.!! Data cannot be downloaded remotely.!! System cannot be monitored/diagnosed remotely. 27

28 Issues/Lessons Learned (Technical)!! Light intensity, light quality and uniformity and power consumption!! LED gives much better light quality and uniformity than HPS.!! LED provides an average saving of 75% of electricity compared to HPS.!! Communications!! There are interferences in power lines due to existing loads in the building (i.e., signals received by the controller have low S/N ratio). However, the smart server is designed to handle this issue.!! Communication range from traffic sensors (PIR) to the receiver is 2500 feet.!! In-rush current!! Streetlight controller exhibited some issues during switching the LEDs ON/OFF (i.e., switching relay inside the controller kept the lights on all the time). A new controller was designed and its use has prevented this problem from occurring.!! Photocell!! The client prefers all lamps to be controlled by one photocell to ensure all lamps come ON at the same time. This was provided. 28

29 June 11, 8:53pm 100% Intensity 29

30 June 11, 9:14pm 80% Intensity 30

31 June 11, 9:25pm 80% Intensity 31

32 June 11, 9:25pm 80% Intensity 32

33 Thank You Professor Saifur Rahman Virginia Tech Advanced Research Institute 33