Alternative Use of Produced Water in Aquaculture and Hydroponic Systems at Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3

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1 Alternative Use of Produced Water in Aquaculture and Hydroponic Systems at Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 Presented by: Lorri Jackson, Critique, Inc., Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center Ground Water Protection Council Meeting Colorado Springs, CO October 16-17, 17, 2002

2 Teapot Dome Oilfield Wyoming High Desert Plains Semi-arid climate precipitation annually Severe draught

3 Produces a lot of water. How much is a lot? 40,000 barrels of produced water in this drainage everyday. 613,200,000 gallons of water each year.

4 This Water Could Benefit

5 This Water Could Benefit

6 This Water Could Benefit

7 RMOTC Science Center

8 Biology 101 Lesson 3 Requirements to Sustain a Biological Population Food (PW can grow the food.) Shelter (PW can be the shelter.) Reproduction (If food and shelter are adequate reproduction takes care of itself. ) Food Shelter Reproduction We use food, shelter & reproduction information to farm, manage wildlife, grow fish, garden, etc. We relate food, shelter & reproduction to specific Life Cycles.

9 NPR-3 3 Produced NPR-3 Geologic Column Waters Ground level -200 Shannon Sand Sussex Sand Shannon Sand Sea level Tensleep Water Fair Quality High Temperature Steele Shale Niobrara Shale Carlile Shale 1st Wall Creek Sand 2nd Wall Creek Sand (+/-2800) rd Wall Creek Sand (+/-3100) Muddy Sand (+/-3500) Dakota & Lakota Sands (+/-3700) % Chugwater Goose Egg Tensleep (+/-5500) Amsden Madison

10 Tensleep Water Chemistry Table 1. Tensleep Formation Water Quality Characteristics Analyses Major Ions Result Units Method Irrigation Water Standards (Excellent) Bicarbonate as HCO3 148 mg/l A2320 B Irrigation Water Standards (Unsuitable) Calcium 268 mg/l E200.7 Carbonate as CO3 ND mg/l A2320 B Chloride 870 mg/l E200.7 Magnesium 34.2 mg/l E200.7 Potassium 90.3 mg/l E200.7 Sodium 642 mg/l E200.7 Sulfate 887 mg/l E200.7 Physical Properties Conductivity 4740 umhos/cm A2510 B 250 >300 ph 7.93 s.u. A2320 B 6.5 >8.0 TDS 3220 mg/l A2540 C 175 >2100 Sodium Content (as Na) Metals Total 62 meq/l 22 >80 Iron mg/l E200.7 Organic Characteristics Oil and Grease Total Recoverable 2.2 mg/l SAR 9.79 Calculated 3.0 >15.0

11 Tomato Facts Cultivated by the Incas 1812 first appeared on the stockmarket 1818 earliest published tomato catsup recipe (Maine housewives) After the French Alliance, Colonial Americans adopted tomatoes into their pantries, although seed catalogs still listed tomatoes under "annual and ornamental flowers".

12 Hybrid Hydroponic Seed Tomato Life Cycle Seedling Market Harvest Rooting Flower

13 Rock Wool Seed Hybrid Hydroponic Lettuce Bed, Raceway Seedling Tomato PFD Perlite Rooting String Flower Weigh, Test Distribute Harvest

14 Favorable Water Chemistry for Hybrid Hydroponic Tomatoes ph Water Temp F Amb.. Temp F daytime Humidity 80-90% Dissolved Oxygen 3-55 mg/l Nutrient Balance (NPK) or

15 Hybrid Hydroponic Tomato Demonstration Results Table 3. Hybrid Tomato Growth Test Results. Parameter Tomato A Tomato B Water Tensleep Produced Water Potable Number of Plants Number of Tomatoes Harvested Total Weight of Harvest Average Tomato Weight (lb) 0.07 lb 0.19 lb Maximum Weight(lb) Minimum Weight (lb) Average Plant Height 10 ft 14 ft Date of Plant Flowering April 17 April 20 Comments Bumblebees introduced to aide pollination. 1 st year tomato plant variety grew better than 2 nd year. Bumblebees introduced to aide pollination.

16 Tilapia Facts Tilapia is African native Bechuana word thiape, meaning fish. First tilapia cultivation began 2,500 years ago in Africa. Most commercial tilapia today are hybrids. US Commercial cultivation concentrated in AZ, CA, FL.

17 Nile Tilapia Life Cycle Table Fish ( g) Nest Building and Courtship Ovulation and Spawning On Growing (5-25g) Brood Stock (mouth incubation) Fingerlings (1-5g) Yolk-Sac Fry (5 days)

18 Tanks Brood Stock (mouth incubation) Nile Tilapia Troughs Yolk-Sac Fry (5 days) PFD Tanks Fingerlings (1-5g) Tanks, Raceways, Cages, Ponds On Growing (5-25g) Tanks, Raceways, Cages, Ponds Table Fish ( g)

19 Favorable Water Chemistry for Nile Tilapia ph Salinity 0-28 ppt Alkalinity mg/l TAN* mg/l Water Temp F DO 3-55 mg/l CO2 <15 mg/l Turbidity mg/l *Total Ammonia Nitrogen

20 Nile Tilapia Demonstration Results Table 2. NileTilapia Growth Results. Parameter Tank A Tank B Water Tensleep Produced Water Potable Number of Fish Stocked Number of Fish Harvested % Mortality 27% See comments Weight of Fish 169 lb 183 lb Average Weight 9.5 oz 7.5 oz Maximum Weight 16.0 oz 12.9 oz Minimum Weight 1.8 oz 0.4 oz Weight Food Fed 12.3 oz/d 12.3 oz/d Food:Fish Ratio (yield) 1.5:1 1.6:1 Comments Fish reproduced.

21 Future of Produced Water & Geothermal Spring Water Grown Foods Feasibility (Is it feasible to grow foods with PW?) Feasibility Water Quality Infrastructure Market Demand Energy Balance (energy input/lb of food produced) :1 1.6:1 yield ratio Economics (projected cost of food $/lb) Economics Market Demand $4-$6/lb $6/lb retail ($3.50-$5.00/lb $5.00/lb wholesale) $1.20/lb OpEx for recirculating system Challenges (economics, public acceptance, markets, etc) Future (R&D efforts to make use thermal hot spring waters to grow foods s year-round round in Wyoming. How much PW is available for such projects?) Challenges Future

22 For more information contact: Lorri Jackson x 5011 or lorri.jackson@rmotc.doe.gov