POWER SYSTEM AND ASSET MODELS

Transcription

1 POWER SYSTEM AND ASSET MODELS OPAL-RT SEMINAR MODEL-BASED DESIGN FOR SMART GRID APPLICATIONS 16/03/2017 DR. FLORIN IOV

2 Content Distribution Grids Models Balance of Plants Wind Power Transmission System Models Low Bandwidth Asset Models Medium Bandwidth Asset Models

3 Distribution Grid Models Two 60/20 kv Transformers 16 MVA each Ten 20 kv feeders 3 fixed speed wind turbine Increasing residential PV installations Gas turbine based 9 MW CHP Detailed data available from 3 feeders STCE MAST SØRP

4 Distribution Grid Models All feeders are aggregated, ratings of cables, transformers and assets are modified DER units - aggregated Wind turbines (15MW) Solar PVs (15MW) Different load aggregated types - Industry, Agriculture, Supermarket, Residential, Other Commercial Residential feeder connected to B8 is representative feeder for detailed analysis on LV grid

5 Distribution Grid Models Users Domestic Ussers: 88.72% - 11 Domestic Usser with EH:12.5% - 5 Commercial Ussers: 3.75% - 9 Agricutural Ussers: 6.76 % - 1 Industrial Usser: 0.75%

6 Distribution Grid Models Aggregated Demand profile Industrial Aggregated Demand profile Agriculture Aggregated Demand profile Residential Aggregated Demand profile Commercial

7 Distribution Grid Models Three feeders - 1 connected as radial, other two as ring type Aggregated 38 residential loads connected with solar PVs

8 Distribution Grid Models ephasor implemementation in Opal-RT Current sources in nodes (DER, household, etc.) Load/Generation profiles implemented in other computers and send via UDP to Opal-RT -> reduce compilation and building time Different variants for both MV and LV grids according to targeted studies One LV feeder implemented in emegasim -> unbalances/asymmetries Used for active/reactive power control of renewables Demand response Power quality analysis

9 Balance of Plant - Wind Power ephasor implementation in Opal-RT Parameters from an UK based wind power plant External grid based on Thevenin Equivalent SCR and X/R 35 WTGs: state-space models as current sources Wind Power Plant Control Optimisation with Embedded Application of Wind Turbines and STATCOMs, Lennart Petersen and Fitim Kryezi, June 2015, MSc Thesis

10 Transmission System Models Typically wind integration studies are based on a simple Thevenin equivalent voltage source: Model adequacy vs. type of studies: Feature Thevenin Multi bus, multi machine Fault ride through Yes Yes Fault propagation No Yes Reactive power control Yes Yes Voltage control and voltage stability Yes (local)/no(system) Yes Active power control Yes Yes Primary frequency control and frequency stability No Yes Inertial response No Yes Small signal stability and damping control No Yes

11 Transmission System Models Modified 12-bus System Focus on large frequency excursions & oscillatory modes Inertial response and system damping functionalities Developers: Andrzej Adamczyk, Mufit Altin ( ) Originally a Matlab/Simulink based Tool Used in their PhD projects Power Factory implementation ( ) as part of EaseWind Project Generic 12-Bus Test System for Wind Power Integration Studies. / Adamczyk, Andrzej Grzegorz; Altin, Müfit; Göksu, Ömer; Teodorescu, Remus; Iov, Florin. Proceedings of the EPE Joint Wind Energy and T&D Chapters Seminar. EPE Association, Publikation: Konferenceartikel i proceeding Damping of Low Frequency Power System Oscillations with Wind Power Plants. / Adamczyk, Andrzej Grzegorz. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, s. PhD thesis Dynamic Frequency Response of Wind Power Plants. / Altin, Müfit. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, s. PhD thesis

12 Transmission System Models Modified 12-bus System Wind integration operational scenarios Case 0% 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% CPP [GW] 2.0 = = = Load [GW] = = = WPP [GW] * Source: National Grid (

13 Transmission System Models Modified 12-bus System Frequency performance Frequency (pu) Base Case (Slow governors) Case2 (Medium-speed governors) Case3 (Fast governors) Frequency (pu) % wind (base case) 5% wind (100MW wind power) 10% wind (200MW wind power) 20% wind (400MW wind power) 30% wind (600MW wind power) 40% wind (750MW wind power) 50% wind (850MW wind power) Oscillatory performance Time (sec) Time (sec) Generator speeds after small disturbance Mode No. Damped requency Damping ratio Hz 7.6 % Hz 5.1 % Hz 0.5 % Hz 57.6 % Hz 47.4 % Hz 25.0 % Hz 33.2 % Swing modes Control modes [p.u.] G G G3 G t [s]

14 Transmission System Models Modified 12-bus System Current Status Grid topology + generators -> ephasor implementation Exciters+Prime Movers as external discrete models challenges in integration Wind Power plants as current sources Currently in testing and verification against Power Factory implementation

15 Low Bandwidth Asset Models DiSC ToolboxOpal Originally developed as a Matlab tool for control studies in SmartC2Net Translated in Simulink Rel2012b Compatibility check with Opal-RT Bandwidth of models <0.2 Hz Existing models Wind turbines/plants Solar PV systems Energy storage OLTC control Wind profiles Solar irradiance profiles including cloud effect Available soon on Lab s webpage

16 Medium Bandwidth Asset Models Wind Turbine / Plant P ava v wind 1 1 s v wind _ ech P DC GC P ava Rotor Inertia Effect Power Curve Grid Converter P ref _ P ext ref P Control Method Selector P out 1 1 strp P WT_PoC P ext Ramp Rate Limiter P Power Limiter P P Response Time P Loop Features Model bandwidth Hz Usage Q ref _ ext Ramp Rate Limiter Q Power Curtailment Limit Power Limiter Q Control Method Simple WTG or Aggregated wind power plants kw or MW WTG Control and stability Currently used: RePlan Project, MSc projects Q ref PQ Chart PQ Capability Chart Qout 1 1 strq Response Time Q Loop Q ava Q WT_PoC

17 Medium Bandwidth Asset Models Solar PV System P ava G 1 st 1 fspv G f T a P DC P ava P ref _ ext Pref P out 1 1 strp P SPV_PoC P ext P Q ava Q ref _ ext Features Model bandwidth Hz Usage kw or MW solar PV Control and stability Currently: RePlan Project, MSc projects Q ref Qout 1 1 strq Q SPV_PoC

18 Medium Bandwidth Asset Models 3-phase Household power profiles Features Developed by 3 rd semester BSc students Model bandwidth 1 Hz Generate random probabilistic power profiles or control AC loads Grid integration, stability, power quality

19 Communication Module Pattern-based Created from collected traces based on delay CDFs Patterns are matched with traffic packets to required behavior in time driven mode Control over delay changes and packet losses Transport Layer Protocol (UDP / TCP) Selection of Information Access Scheme Proactive (Periodic/Event-based) Reactive (Request-Response based)

20 Communication Module Sending-End Communication Module Network_Emulator Receiving-End

21 Summary Wide range of models (0.2 5Hz) Usage: smart grid and wind power control Other models under implementation Battery (stability and control studies - 50Hz) Detailed WTG (stability and control studies 50Hz) Detailed soler PV (stability and control studies 50Hz) IEC WTG/WPP (stability models - 50Hz) Small Combined Heat and Power Plant (50Hz).

22 Q&A