Performance Indicators for Health, Comfort and Safety of the Indoor Environment (PERFECTION)

Transcription

1 Performance Indicators for Health, Comfort and Safety of the Indoor Environment (PERFECTION) Paul Steskens Jan Desmyter Pierre-Henri Lefèbvre Belgian Building Research Institute (BBRI)

2 Contents Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions 2

3 Introduction Evaluation of Building Performance Sustainability, Energy performance and CO 2 emission of a building is based on Energy & Environmental Classes. 3

4 Introduction Evaluation of Building Performance Sustainability, Energy performance and CO 2 emission of a building is based on Energy & Environmental Classes. CEN/TC Sustainability of construction works 4

5 Introduction Evaluation of Building Performance Sustainability, Energy performance and CO 2 emission of a building is based on Energy & Environmental Classes. CEN/TC Sustainability of construction works Value Driven Procurement in Building and Real Estate Performance Indicators for Health, Comfort and Safety of the Indoor Environment 值 Perfection ValPro Construction and Real Estate Development of Indicators for Transparency ManuBuild CREDIT Open Building Manufacturing Network4Value Asia Pro Eco Tissue n4v Sustainable Value Creation in Networked Working Environments Sustainable Building and Construction Conferences in Asia Trends and Indicators for Monitoring the EU Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Development of Urban Environments Intelcity Neskey Towards Intelligent Sustainable Cities New Partnership for Sustainable Development in the Knowledge Economy CRISP Construction and City related Sustainability Indicators Bequest Building Environmental Quality Evaluation for Sustainability through Time

6 Introduction Evaluation of Building Performance Sustainability, Energy performance and CO 2 emission of a building is based on Energy & Environmental Classes. CEN/TC Sustainability of construction works Labeling methods: 6

7 Introduction Evaluation of Building Performance Sustainability, Energy performance and CO 2 emission of a building is based on Energy & Environmental Classes. Problem Definition Current systems focus on Energy & CO 2 emissions of a building. Performance of Indoor Environment addressed in a simplified/global/subjective way. Different systems are used Difficult to compare. 7

8 Introduction Evaluation of Building Performance Sustainability, Energy performance and CO 2 emission of a building is based on Energy & Environmental Classes. Problem Definition Current systems focus on Energy & CO 2 emissions of a building. Performance of Indoor Environment addressed in a simplified/global/subjective way. Different systems are used Difficult to compare. Research Objective Development of a Performance Indicator Framework for Indoor Environments 8

9 Introduction Evaluation of Building Performance Sustainability, Energy performance and CO 2 emission of a building is based on Energy & Environmental Classes. Problem Definition Current systems focus on Energy & CO 2 emissions of a building. Comparison of indoor environment: Performance of Indoor Environment health, addressed comfort and safety in a simplified/global/subjective way. objective Different systems are used at different phases of life cycle Difficult to compare. (design, construction, operation,..). Research Objective Development of a Performance Indicator Framework for Indoor Environments 9

10 Methodology Work Package 1 Evaluation of Indoor Performance Indicators Review of literature, guidelines, standards, Development of Indicator Framework Work Package 2 Use of Indoor Performance Indicators Tool development Validation & Verification: Case Studies Work Package 3 Policy Incentives & Barriers Technological needs & priorities 10

11 Methodology Work Package 1 Evaluation of Indoor Performance Indicators Review of literature, guidelines, standards, Development of Indicator Framework Work Package 2 Use of Indoor Performance Indicators Tool development Validation & Verification: Case Studies Work Package 3 Policy Incentives & Barriers Technological needs & priorities 11

12 Methodology Work Package 1 Evaluation of Indoor Performance Indicators Definition of Performance Indicator (PI) Review of PIs for Health & Comfort Acoustic comfort Visual comfort Indoor air quality Quality of drinking water Thermal comfort Assessment methods, Guidelines and Target values PIs for indicator framework 12

13 Methodology Work Package 1 Evaluation of Indoor Performance Indicators Definition of Performance Indicator (PI) Review of PIs for Health & Comfort Acoustic comfort Visual comfort Indoor air quality Quality of drinking water Thermal comfort Assessment methods, Guidelines and Target values PIs for indicator framework 13

14 Definition Health & Comfort Indicators Performance Indicator (PI): Property of product, building component, building State/progress vs. requirement Quantitative, qualitative or descriptive. Parameters. 14

15 Definition Health & Comfort Indicators Performance Indicator (PI): Property of product, building component, building State/progress vs. requirement Quantitative, qualitative or descriptive. Parameters. Example: Thermal comfort between -0.5 and 0.5 (PI) Predicted Mean Vote (Target value) (Parameter) 15

16 Definition Health & Comfort Indicators Performance Indicator (PI): Property of product, building component, building State/progress vs. requirement Quantitative, qualitative or descriptive. Parameters. 16

17 Methodology Work Package 1 Evaluation of Indoor Performance Indicators Definition of Performance Indicator (PI) Review of PIs for Health & Comfort Acoustic comfort Visual comfort Indoor air quality Quality of drinking water Thermal comfort Assessment methods, Guidelines and Target values PIs for indicator framework 17

18 Methodology Work Package 1 Evaluation of Indoor Performance Indicators Definition of Performance Indicator (PI) Review of PIs for Health & Comfort Acoustic comfort Visual comfort Indoor air quality Quality of drinking water Thermal comfort Assessment methods, Guidelines and Target values State-of-the-Art Standards, regulations, guidelines, research activities and policies PIs for indicator framework 18

19 Methodology Work Package 1 Evaluation of Indoor Performance Indicators Definition of Performance Indicator (PI) Review of PIs for Health & Comfort Acoustic comfort Visual comfort Indoor air quality Quality of drinking water Thermal comfort Assessment methods, Guidelines and Target values PIs for indicator framework 19

20 Indoor Air Quality Literature Review Performance Parameter Description Indicator Organic pollutants Benzene As low as possible Carbon monoxide 100 mg/m 3 (90 ppm) for 15min 60 mg/m 3 (50 ppm) for 30min 30 mg/m 3 (25 ppm) for 1h 10 mg/m 3 (10 ppm) for 8h Formaldehyde 0.1 mg/m 3 as a 30 min average Inorganic pollutants Arsenic As low as possible Cadmium 5 ng/m 3 Classical pollutants Nitrogen dioxide 40 μg/m 3 Sulfur dioxide 24 hours: 20 μg/m 3 10 min: 500 μg/m 3 Indoor air pollutants Environmental tobacco As low as possible smoke Bioaerosols Total number of bioaerosol particles < 1000 CFUs/m 3 Culturable count for total bacteria < 500 CFUs/m 3 4 Performance Indicators, 36 Parameters/Pollutants Assessment methods Quantitative assessment, measurements. Feasibility of quantitative assessment. 20

21 Indoor Air Quality Literature Review Performance Parameter Description Indicator Organic pollutants Benzene As low as possible Carbon monoxide 100 mg/m 3 (90 ppm) for 15min 60 mg/m 3 (50 ppm) for 30min 30 mg/m 3 (25 ppm) for 1h 10 mg/m 3 (10 ppm) for 8h Formaldehyde 0.1 mg/m 3 as a 30 min average Inorganic pollutants Arsenic As low as possible Cadmium 5 ng/m 3 Classical pollutants Nitrogen dioxide 40 μg/m 3 Sulfur dioxide 24 hours: 20 μg/m 3 10 min: 500 μg/m 3 Indoor air pollutants Environmental tobacco As low as possible smoke Bioaerosols Total number of bioaerosol particles < 1000 CFUs/m 3 Culturable count for total bacteria < 500 CFUs/m 3 4 Performance Indicators, 36 Parameters/Pollutants Assessment methods Quantitative assessment, measurements. Feasibility of quantitative assessment. 21

22 Indoor Air Quality Literature Review Performance Parameter Description Indicator Organic pollutants Benzene As low as possible Carbon monoxide 100 mg/m 3 (90 ppm) for 15min 60 mg/m 3 (50 ppm) for 30min 30 mg/m 3 (25 ppm) for 1h 10 mg/m 3 (10 ppm) for 8h Formaldehyde 0.1 mg/m 3 as a 30 min average Inorganic pollutants Arsenic As low as possible Cadmium 5 ng/m 3 Classical pollutants Nitrogen dioxide 40 μg/m 3 Sulfur dioxide 24 hours: 20 μg/m 3 10 min: 500 μg/m 3 Indoor air pollutants Environmental tobacco As low as possible smoke Bioaerosols Total number of bioaerosol particles < 1000 CFUs/m 3 Culturable count for total bacteria < 500 CFUs/m 3 4 Performance Indicators, 36 Parameters/Pollutants Assessment methods Quantitative assessment, measurements. Feasibility of quantitative assessment. Alternative approach 22

23 Indoor Air Quality Literature Review 4 Performance Indicators, 36 Parameters/Pollutants Performance Indicators for IAQ*: Case study methodology Verification by survey among building managers * Schuh, C.K. 2000, Performance Indicators for Indoor Air Quality, PhD thesis, University of Calgary. 23

24 Indoor Air Quality Literature Review 4 Performance Indicators, 36 Parameters/Pollutants Performance Indicators for IAQ*: Case study methodology Verification by survey among building managers Performance Indicator Indicator/Parameter Guideline Effective Temperature Temperature and relative humidity ASHRAE Standard 55 Effective Ventilation Carbon Dioxide 1000 ppm Combustion Infiltration Carbon Monoxide 10 ppm Odour intensity Intensity and Character Particulate matter Total mass of particles > 2.5 m 40 m/m 3 * Schuh, C.K. 2000, Performance Indicators for Indoor Air Quality, PhD thesis, University of Calgary. 24

25 Literature Review Work Package 1 Evaluation of Indoor Performance Indicators Definition of Performance Indicator (PI) Review of PIs for Health & Comfort Acoustic comfort Visual comfort Indoor air quality Quality of drinking water Thermal comfort Assessment methods, Guidelines and Target values PIs for indicator framework 25

26 Indicator Framework KIPI FRAMEWORK HEALTH AND COMFORT Indoor air quality Water quality Thermal comfort Visual comfort Acoustic comfort Safety FEELING OF SAFETY AND POSITIVE STIMULATION Security Positive Stimulation Usability ACCESSIBILITY AND FUNCTIONALITY Adaptability Serviceability 26

27 Indicator Framework KIPI FRAMEWORK HEALTH AND COMFORT Indoor air quality Water quality Thermal comfort Visual comfort Acoustic comfort Safety FEELING OF SAFETY AND POSITIVE STIMULATION Security Positive Stimulation Usability ACCESSIBILITY AND FUNCTIONALITY Adaptability Serviceability 27

28 Indicator Framework Effective temperature KIPI FRAMEWORK HEALTH AND COMFORT Indoor air quality Water quality Thermal comfort Visual comfort Acoustic comfort Effective ventilation / CO2 Combustion sources / infiltration Odour intensity Particular matter Drinking waterquality Rain / re use water quality Operative temperature Illuminance Daylight factor Background noise level Reverbation time 28

29 Indicator Framework Effective temperature KIPI FRAMEWORK HEALTH AND COMFORT Indoor air quality Water quality Thermal comfort Visual comfort Acoustic comfort Effective ventilation / CO2 Combustion sources / infiltration Odour intensity Particular matter Drinking waterquality Rain / re use water quality Operative temperature Illuminance Daylight factor Background noise level Reverbation time 29

30 Indicator Framework Effective temperature KIPI FRAMEWORK Indoor air quality Effective ventilation / CO2 Combustion sources / infiltration Odour intensity HEALTH AND COMFORT Water quality Thermal comfort Particular matter Drinking waterquality Rain / re use water quality Operative temperature Performance Indicator Indicator/Parameter Guideline Illuminance Effective Temperature Temperature Visual comfort and relative humidity ASHRAE Standard 55 Daylight factor Effective Ventilation Carbon Dioxide Background 1000 ppmnoise level Combustion Infiltration Acoustic Carbon comfort Monoxide 10 ppm Reverbation time Odour intensity Intensity and Character Particulate matter Total mass of particles > 2.5 m 40 m/m 3 30

31 Indicator Framework Effective temperature KIPI FRAMEWORK Indoor air quality Effective ventilation / CO2 Combustion sources / infiltration Odour intensity HEALTH AND COMFORT Water quality Thermal comfort Particular matter Drinking waterquality Rain / re use water quality Operative temperature Performance Indicator Indicator/Parameter Guideline Illuminance Effective Temperature Temperature Visual comfort and relative humidity ASHRAE Standard 55 Daylight factor Effective Ventilation Carbon Dioxide Background 1000 ppmnoise level Combustion Infiltration Acoustic Carbon comfort Monoxide 10 ppm Reverbation time Odour intensity Intensity and Character Particulate matter Total mass of particles > 2.5 m 40 m/m 3 How to assess the IAQ in different life cycle phases of a building? 31

32 Indicator Framework How to assess the IAQ in different life cycle phases of a building? Main issue: Different life cycle phases different amount/quality of info Assessment level Simple Intermediate Detailed Life cycle phase Design Construction In-use/operation Checklist, Rules of thumb Numerical simulation of separate systems in the building Integrated Building Simulation ISIAQ ISIAQ ISIAQ Checklist, Rules of thumb, Questionnaires Relatively less intensive measurements. Measurements. 32

33 Example Indoor Air Quality Performance Indicator Effective Temperature Effective Ventilation Indicator Framework Parameter Assessment level Guideline Simple Intermediate Detailed Temperature Assessment of Measurement of Measurement of building temperature. temperature. symptom index 7730 Relative (BSI) based on: Measurement of Measurement of Humidity dry eyes, relative humidity. relative humidity. blocked or 7730 Carbon Dioxide stuffy nose, dry Measurement of Measurement of < 1000 ppm throat, CO 2 CO 2 headache, concentration. concentration. Carbon tiredness or Are carbon Measurement of < 10 ppm Monoxide lethargy, itching monoxide CO or watering sources (carbon concentration. eyes, runny based heat nose, flu like sources) present? symptoms, [yes/no] Odour Intensity difficulty Are undesired Are undesired and Character breathing, chest odours detected? odours detected? tightness. [yes/no] [yes/no] ASHRAE Standard 55 / ISO ASHRAE Standard 55 / ISO Total mass of particles > 2.5 m Measurement of particle concentration. Measurement of particle concentration. < 40 g/m 3 33

34 Conclusions T1.3 HEALTH AND COMFORT T1.4 DESIGN FOR ALL T1.5 OTHER INDOOR PERFORMANCE Usability Serviceability Adaptability Positive Stimulation Safety Accessibility Quality of drinking water Acoustic performance Visual comfort Indoor air quality Thermal comfort offices relevance to schools building types housing to be defined hospitals historical buildings An Performance Indicator Framework has been developed: Acoustic comfort Visual comfort Indoor Air Quality Quality of drinking water Thermal comfort Assessment of PIs based on three methods/levels: Simple: Intermediate: Detailed: Checklists. Questionnaires, surveys, (extensive) measurements (Intensive) measurements. 34

35 Conclusions T1.5 OTHER INDOOR PERFORMANCE 35 T1.4 DESIGN FOR ALL T1.3 HEALTH AND COMFORT Usability Serviceability Adaptability Positive Stimulation Safety Accessibility Quality of drinking water Acoustic performance Visual comfort Indoor air quality Thermal comfort offices schools housing hospitals historical buildings relevance to building types to be defined Work Package 2 Use of Indoor Performance Indicators Work Package 3 Policy

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