Properties of Water. Their shapes change when they are in different containers. Their volumes stay the same in any container.

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1 Name: Date: 1. Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids? Their shapes stay the same in any container. Their shapes change when they are in different containers. Their volumes stay the same in any container. Their volumes change when they are in different containers. 2. A glass of ice water is placed on a table. After 10 minutes, there are drops of water on the outside surface of the glass. Which change in phase caused the drops of water? Liquid water in the air evaporated into a gas. Liquid water in the air condensed into a solid. Water vapor from the air evaporated into a liquid. Water vapor from the air condensed into a liquid. 3. A scientist uses an instrument to observe the pattern of molecules in a substance. The picture below shows what the scientist sees. What state of matter is the scientist most likely observing? gas liquid vapor solid page 1

2 4. Which diagram represents the change of ice to water? 5. Which of the following statements best explains why water vapor condenses as temperature decreases? Collisions between water vapor molecules become elastic. Water vapor molecules chemically react when they collide. Water vapor molecules are pulled together by the force of gravity. Attractive forces between water vapor molecules overcome molecular motion. 6. Which of the following statements best explains why drops of liquid form on the outside of a glass of ice water on a hot day? Water molecules in the air are attracted to the surface of the glass. Water molecules in the ice water lose energy as they transfer heat to the air. Water molecules in the air lose energy as they transfer heat to the cold glass. Water molecules in the ice water move through the glass pores to the outside of the glass. page 2

3 7. Where can brackish water most likely be found? Where lakes and rivers meet Where rivers and oceans meet Where ponds and creeks meet Where streams and lakes meet 8. Three-fourths of Earth s surface is covered by water. Which of these describes nearly 97% of the water on Earth s surface? Ice Salt water Fresh water Ground water 9. Where is most of Earth s freshwater? In the ground In the atmosphere In lakes and rivers In glaciers and icecaps 10. Which landform is produced at the mouth of a river by deposition? Delta Cavern Dome mountain Underwater canyon 11. Deep-diving submarines have helped scientists learn that photosynthesis does not take place in the deeper parts of the ocean. Which of the following explains why photosynthesis does not occur very deep in the ocean? There is no oxygen. There is no glucose. There is no sunlight. There is no nitrogen. page 3

4 12. Brackish water is commonly found in estuaries. How does brackish water differ from ocean water and fresh water? Brackish water contains less salts than fresh water and ocean water. Brackish water contains more salts than fresh water and ocean water. Brackish water contains more salts than fresh water, but less salts than ocean water. Brackish water contains less salts than fresh water, but more salts than ocean water. 13. This diagram shows the path of a river. The arrows are pointing to which features of the river? deltas floodplains meanders tributaries 14. A paved blacktop parking lot was built on what was once a soil-covered field. This area will now experience increased runoff when rain occurs because the paved parking lot has less capillarity less permeability greater infiltration greater porosity 15. Which sentence best explains why people must conserve (use less) freshwater? Organisms need water to live. Organisms cannot live in salt water. Water evaporates easily outdoors. Water disappears when it is boiled. 16. Which condition in the ocean is most responsible for an increase in the fish population near the surface? buoyancy density salinity upwelling page 4

5 17. Glaciers cover about 10% of the total land area on Earth. The role of glaciers in the water cycle is to filter salt water store fresh water move liquid water precipitate solid water 18. Which of the following processes is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor? photosynthesis condensation evaporation precipitation 19. Over 6 billion people on Earth use water every day, yet Earth s water supply remains relatively constant. This is because. the sea level is rising water exists in three phases on Earth water is constantly recycled by the hydrologic cycle global warming melts ice to replace water that is used 20. Which describes a nonpoint source of pollution? accumulation of oil in a stream next to a gasoline station chemical spill in a river next to a manufacturing complex runoff from a road into a nearby stream liquid fertilizer flowing from a barrel into a stream 21. Which process is not essential for the water cycle to occur? water vapor condensing energy being transferred from the Sun liquid water evaporating oxygen being dissolved in water page 5

6 22. A biology class measured the ph of the water in four ponds. The data are recorded in the table below. ph OF POND WATER Pond ph Which pond has the most acidic water? Pond 1 Pond 2 Pond 3 Pond Humans throughout the world compete with other organisms for water resources. Which technique is best used to manage water resources and allow all components of the environment to share them? draining wetlands restricting irrigation building a hydroelectric dam diverting rivers through canals 24. People use water in different ways. Which of these activities wastes water? filling a glass with water leaving a faucet on soaking vegetables in water to clean them adding cups of water as directed by a recipe 25. A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become colder deeper larger smaller page 6

7 26. Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use? bottling water dam construction collecting rainwater wastewater treatment 27. How does an inadequately designed landfill impact the hydrosphere? Toxic waste seeps into groundwater. Toxic waste causes mutations in living organisms. Toxic waste releases gases into the atmosphere. Toxic waste seeps into the asthenosphere. 28. Most of the water used in the United States is for farming and agriculture. Much of that water is wasted by evaporation, leaking pipes, and runoff. One plan for limiting this waste is to capture the runoff from the fields and reuse it as drinking water. Which statement explains whether this plan is appropriate for conserving water? This is appropriate because it decreases the total amount of water used. This is not appropriate because the runoff is needed by other organisms. This is not appropriate because the runoff could contain harmful chemicals. This is appropriate because it provides water and has no effect on the fields. 29. Which source of water pollution includes oil and gasoline discharge from automobiles and storm sewer drainage? agriculture bacteria sedimentation urban runoff page 7

8 30. Bacteria on the roots of soybean plants are able to change nitrogen from the air into a form usable by plants. Scientists have engineered other plants to support the growth of these nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Which of these describes a benefit of this research? The need for space will decrease, allowing more land to be available for other crops. The need for water will decrease, allowing more water to be available for other crops. The need for fertilizer will decrease, reducing both the amount of fertilizer runoff and the algae growth in streams and ponds. The need for pesticides will decrease, reducing both the amount of chemicals applied to crops and the pollution of the water table. 31. Local and federal legislation have placed limits on the amount of fertilizers to be. tolerated in field run-off. The most likely reason for this legislation is that run-off high in dissolved fertilizers produces increased growth of freshwater algae. erosion of sandy soils. evaporation of ground water. fertility of predatory fish. 32. The ph of the water in several lakes in Norway and Sweden has decreased to below 5.0, resulting in the decline of several fish populations. The decrease in the ph is due to which of the following? A greater rate of ozone depletion An increase in acidic precipitation An increase in environmental temperatures A rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels page 8

9 33. Which is the best example of habitat reduction caused by humans? Birds and animals flee a forest fire caused by lightning. Birds become sick from eating insects new to their area. Fish swimming to breeding grounds are blocked by dams. A new species of fish migrates up a river, competing with native fish for food. 34. Marissa can float more easily in ocean water than in water in a swimming pool. Why is it easier for her to float in ocean water? Ocean water is more dense. Ocean water is deeper. There is a larger volume of ocean water to float in. She has a smaller mass in ocean water. 35. How is a delta most likely formed? irrigation glacier movement precipitation and condensation deposition of sediment page 9