Household Organics: case studies in curbside collection and composting

Transcription

1 Household Organics: case studies in curbside collection and composting APWA 2007 Congress - September 10, OVERVIEW Introduction Format Background Hamilton s Green Cart Program Planning & Implementation Central Composting Facility Partnership & Construction Central Composting Facility Operation Lessons Learned Key Learnings Processing Alternatives Germany Austria Questions 3 INTRODUCTIONS Moderator Beth Goodger, Director of Waste Management, Public Works Department, City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Panel Pat Parker, Manager of Solid Waste Planning, City of Hamilton John Haanstra, Senior Vice President, Environmental Development, Maple Reinders Constructors Ltd. Theo Van Wely, President, Aim Environmental Group Mark Whitfield, Director of Public Works, Borough of State College, PA Jim M. Close, Director of Public Works, City of Harrisburg, PA

2 4 FORMAT Hamilton s Green Cart Program for Household Organic Waste Public/Private Partnership for Design, Build and Operation of Hamilton s Central Composting Facility Germany Austria s BiowasteManagement 5 Pat Parker Manager of Solid Waste Planning City of Hamilton 6 HAMILTON S GREEN CART PROGRAM

3 7 DEMOGRAPHICS Mix of Urban, Suburban, and Rural Population: 504,000 Six Waste Collection Zones Public/Private waste collection service providers Our Customers Single Family Properties Multi-Residential Properties Commercial properties & Special Policy Areas Schools Municipal facilities Waste Managed: 253,000 tonnes(2006) 8 SITUATION CRITICAL Solid Waste Management Master Plan Landfill is a valuable resource 65% diversion by stream system (recyclables, organics, garbage) Central Composting Facility 9 PROGRAM OVERVIEW Source separated organics collection program from ~150,000 single family residences Includes kitchen waste, soiled paper products and leaf & yard (L&Y) waste Weekly collection in Green Carts and up to 2 additional L&Y bags / containers Complete ban on plastic Separate L&Y waste collection and composting facility Co-collection with garbage using cart tippers Central Composting Facility

4 10 PLANNING & LOGISTICS 11 PLAN TO REALITY IN 51 MONTHS Council Approval of Master Plan Collection Demonstration Begins Facility Site Selection Process Begins Collection Demonstration Expands Composting Facility RFP Process Begins Composting Site Selected Award of CCF Design-Build-Operate Contract Approval of Collection System CCF Construction Starts Issue & Award of Tenders & RFPs for Collection Contract, Trucks, Carts & Communication Materials 12 PROGRAM ROLL OUT March April May June Communications :Launched (calendars, count down media events) Cart Distribution Started CCF Commissioning Cart Distribution Continues CCF Commissioning Completed CCF Fully Operational CCF Grand Opening Event Cart Distribution Completed

5 13 CARTS AND MINI BINS All single family dwellings (up to 5 legal units) Distribution over 8 weeks beginning in April 2006 on regular collection days by contracted distribution company Carts: 141, L (32 gallon) carts. 15,000 40L (11 gallon) carts 156,700 Mini bins (Rehrig Pacific Co.) Sample liner bag Green Cart Smart book Fridge magnet Demonstration areas showed higher diversion with larger carts Distribution schedule based on pilot participation 14 CARTS 40L (11 gallon) cart Rehrig Pacific Co. 120L (32 gallon) cart IPL Ltd. 15 CART DISTRIBUTION

6 16 TALKING THE TALK Waste Collection Calendar Information package (inside Green Cart) booklet, magnet, mini bin sticker, mini bin liner Outreach/Public Relations Officers during distribution TV 4 themes: odours, pests, cleaning, storage Newspaper Driver Training Customer Service Coordinators 17 THE PERFECT CURB 18 John Haanstra Senior Vice President Environmental Development Maple Reinders Constructors Ltd. City of Hamilton, Central Composting Facility

7 19 CENTRAL COMPOSTING FACILITY - A PARTNERED PROJECT Owner: City of Hamilton Constructor: Maple Reinders Constructors Ltd. Technology Provider: Christiaens Controls B.V. Operator: Aim Environmental Group/The Van Kaathoven Group Other Partners: Associated Engineering Metric Electric Dillon Consulting Ltd. Official Ground Breaking: February 11, 2005 Commissioning Date: April 2006 Full Operations: June PROJECT OVERVIEW 2004 Project awarded to Maple Reinders Constructors through an RFP process Construction cost - $30 million DBO state-of-the-art central composting facility Annual capacity 66,139 tons, peak 99,208 tons, residential organic waste Critical component achieving 65% diversion from landfill 21 PROJECT TIMELINES Aug 2003 Mar 2004 Apr June 2004 July 2004 Jul Sept 2004 Oct 2004 Oct 2004 Feb 2005 Oct 2004 March 2005 Feb 2005 Apr 2006 March 2005 June 2006 Apr May 2006 June 2006 RFP Process Evaluation & Reporting Process Council Approval to Negotiate Negotiations Council Approval to Proceed Final Design Site Permits and Approvals Construction Air Approvals Commissioning Facility Start -Up

8 22 Central Composting Facility Aerial View 23 CCF BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS Total Facility Size: 182,287 ft² Adminstration Building: 11,108 ft², on two floors Tipping Floor/Receiving Area: 36,425 ft² Processing Building: 134,549 ft², includes tipping/receiving area Composting Tunnel: 2756 ft² each Curing Building: 37,103 ft² 24 SITE PLAN

9 25 INTERESTING FACTS 2 Boeing 747 airplanes could be parked side by side within the main processing building and leave 46,591 ft² to spare The main processing area could fit 4 regulation size hockey rinks with room to spare The curing building is 10 ft longer than a regulation football field Each composting tunnel could hold 120 BMW Mini Coopers, all 16 tunnels could hold 1920 Mini Coopers 26 CCF CAPACITY SPECIFICATIONS Process Capacity per Year: 66,139 tons with a peak capacity of 99,208 tons Process Capacity per Day: 255 tons with a peak capacity of 381 tons Process Capacity per Week: 1273 tons with a peak capacity of 1907 tons What is Partnering? Working together as a seamless team Builds relationships Facilitates communication Focus on common goals Builds consensus and encourages working together to accomplish a project Voluntary, not a legal requirement 27

10 Problem Solving Problem Arises Have all affected stakeholders meet quickly to identify the extent of the problem Fix it together (How can we help you? Don t blame) Conflict should be an opportunity for creative resolution Analyze why it happened Communicate the lesson learned 28 Project Charter Using open dialogue, innovation and integrity, we will work together as partners to design, build and operate a state-of-the art composting facility that will be the cornerstone of achieving the City s waste diversion goal of 65% by Signed by all parties as a symbol of mutual commitment to the process 29 Contractor s Perspective Why Partnering? Improves co-operation Increases flexibility Enhances productivity Develops trust and confidence Lessens tension Reduces issues escalation 30

11 Contractor s Perspective Why Partnering? Essential for fast-tracking Makes Design/Build work Makes common sense prevail Good for the 3 Ps Theo Van Wely President Aim Environmental Group Central Composting Facility Aerial View 33 CCF RECEIVING AREA/TIPPING FLOOR The receiving area can accommodate up to 5 collection vehicles Material is unloaded and inspected for contamination

12 34 MATERIAL SHREDDING KomptekTerminator Material is top loaded into the shredder with a maximum capacity of 157 y 3 / hour 35 METAL REMOVAL After shredding, the material passes under a magnetic conveyor to remove metal contamination The material then travels up the incline conveyor to the top of the composting tunnels 36 PHASE 1 FILLING CASSETTE Material is loaded into Phase 1 by an automated Filling Cassette The Filling Cassette evenly distributes the material throughout the tunnel in 52 cy lifts Cassette can be operated automatically or manually

13 37 CCF COMPOSTING TUNNELS Phase 1 Composting includes 10 (ten) aerobic composting tunnels. The processing period for Phase 1 is 7 to 10 days with a 45-55% mass reduction. Phase 2 Composting includes 6 (six) aerobic composting tunnels. The processing period for Phase 2 is 7 to 10 days with a 10-15% mass reduction and pasteurization. 38 COMPOST TUNNEL AERATION SYSTEM The floor of each composting tunnel contains aeration spigots used to supply air to the composting material These spigots also collect the process leachate which is reused as a moisture amendment in Phase 1 PROCESS COMPUTER SCREEN

14 WATER BALANCE COMPUTER SCREEN 41 SCREENING Star-screen manufactured by Komptek Overs (over sized organics) are inspected and if deemed acceptable are placed back into the process Material is separated into 4 fractions: Finished compost (1 cm or less) Overs 1.06 ci to.23 ci Overs 2.23 ci, plastics Inerts such as stones 42 PHASE 3 - CURING Finished Compost is transferred via conveyor belt to the curing building Compost is cured for approximately 30 days Curing building roof is insulated against condensation Dust is controlled with silo walls while still allowing for air circulation

15 43 ODOUR CONTROL SYSTEM The CCF houses a sophisticated computer controlled odour control system, which includes the following: Negative Pressure The interior of the processing building maintains a negative air pressure reducing the chance of fugitive emissions Scrubber All exhausted process air is directed to the scrubber, where it is humidified before being exhausted to the bio filter Bio filter An active media within the bio filter is used to clean and degrade odorous compounds 44 UNIQUE & INNOVATIVE FEATURES Totally enclosed and environmentally controlled composting tunnels Entire building constructed to be corrosion resistant Overall negative water balance for the process, meaning no waste water needs to be treated at the sewage plant Prevention of compost cross-contamination Raw material is deposited into the Phase 1 composting tunnels by an overhead filling system eliminating the need enter the composting tunnel during loading Facility can be operated completely automatically, semi-automatically or fully manual Composted material is kept separate from non-composted feedstock 45 FINISHED COMPOST

16 46 KEY LEARNINGS Project management Plan ahead, plan for contingencies and be flexible Demonstration projects to learn & show it can work Think like a resident Face to face communication is most effective Order trucks early Communicate, communicate, communicate Design-Build-Operate for new technology Partnering approach for large projects Stay cool 47 THE WORKING TOGETHER 48 QUESTIONS City of Hamilton Public Works Department CITY (2489) wastemanagement@hamilton.ca Maple Reinders Constructors Ltd jhaanstra@maple.ca AIM Environmental Group theo@aimgroup.ca

17 APWA 2007 Congress Recycling Organic Waste A European Study Mark Whitfield Public Works Director, Borough of State College, Pennsylvania James Close Public Works Director City of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania September 10, 2007 Project Goals Articulate a new vision for organic waste management that reconnects municipal and agricultural sectors in mutually beneficial and sustainable flows of energy, organic matter, nutrients, and capital; and disseminate this vision to a wide audience. Develop and implement an action plan that will demonstrate how some aspect of organic waste management system could be transformed to reflect the articulated vision. 1

18 Recycling organic materials in the waste stream: Can we build a sustainable system? Why do soil scientist care about recycling organic materials? CO 2 Plant C Food Fiber Wood Soil C Recycling organic materials in the waste stream: Can we build a sustainable system? Recycling removing a resource from the waste stream and converting it into equivalent value product Organic carbon based materials that are readily biodegradable or fermentable Sustainable Energy Resources (Soil, landfills) Economic Social (Urban and rural) 2

19 Organics in MSW stream US EPA 2003 MSW Facts Material Generated Recycled Recycled Tons (millions) % Paper/paperboard Wood Food Yard trimmings Total Discards are 3.06 lb/person/day Organics in MSW stream Composition of disposed MSW in Pennsylvania 33.3 % paper (3.1 million tons) 34.2 % organics (3.2 million tons) The top four most abundant materials are organic. Discards in PA are 4.1 lb/person/day How can we increase organics recycling? Focus on highest value use Re-cycling, not down-cycling High quality organic products can only be made with high quality input material Need product standards (compost standards) Re-establish local carbon and nutrient cycling 3

20 What are some obstacles to increased organics recycling? Disposal of organics is cheap and easy Low tipping fees No real limits or restrictions on organics in landfills Energy costs are low Waste management industry structure Public is not accustomed to separating organics Limited market for compost made from waste Is there an alternative? Ban on landfilling of organics Mandated source separate collection of organics Quality standards for compost De-wasting of high quality compost made from source separated organics Value, protect and sustain soil quality Re-establish connection of urban and rural via the carbon cycle Partnership between State s Dept of Environmental Protection and Dept of Agriculture Nutrient Management through credits 2003 MSW numbers for Steiermark, Austria (lb/capita/yr) Residential MSW generation, 850 (2.3 lb/cap/day) Quantity recycled, 510 (60%) Traditional Recyclables (glass, paper, metal), 320 (38%) Organic materials, 145 (17%) Residual waste (disposal) 340 (40%) (0.9 lb/cap/day) Approximately 30% of residual waste is organic 4

21 The Landfill is not in the picture Organics are not waste Why Is Europe Recycling/Composting? European Directive Lack of Landfill Space Land Preservation Cost of Landfilling Cost of Transportation of Waste Country Directives Soil Protection Strategy Different Mindset of Citizens Right Thing To Do Status of Composting in Europe 1800 facilities Garden Waste open windrows Food Waste indoor composting 800 small on farm composting sites Annual Capacity of 18 million tons Target: Fertilizer and Soil amendments 5

22 Systems of composting Individual domestic composting (single, common) Commercial composting plants Agricultural composting plants (open air composting) Compost Use in Europe Residential Gardening 20% Landscaping 30% Farming 30-40% Land Reclamation 10-20% Compost Benefits to Farms Water retention Aeration of soils Absorption and slow release of fertilizers less fertilizers needed Reduces need for nitrogen Increases crop yields NATURALLY 6

23 German Composting Industrial process Uses all table scraps (including animal by products) In vessel Fresh Compost made available to farmers Cater to gardener with finished compost Infrastructure by government; operations by private sector German Facilities 7

24 German Facilities Austrian Composting Farm/Agricultural process Uses only bio waste (fruits, vegetables, yard waste, etc.; excludes animal by-products) Open air compost Contracts between waste managers and farmers Farmers paid to accept bio-waste and compost Farmer must construct compost site to govt. regs. Finished compost generally for farmer s use Compost equipment is owned by farm co -op and shared among compost producing farmers 8

25 Vienna Austria Austrian Composting Austrian Composting 9

26 Graz, Austria Composting The End Result 10