Fukushima Accident Impacts on Thailand: Then, Now, and Future

Transcription

1 Fukushima Accident Impacts on Thailand: Then, Now, and Future Pongkrit Siripirom Director of Bureau of Nuclear Safety Regulation Office of Atoms for Peace, Thailand December 11, 2013 JNES

2 Before the accident: 1. What were the main activities and focus on nuclear safety? During the accident: 2. What did your government and nuclear institute do to face the situation? 3. What were major difficulties and hard ships for your organization except for the lack of information? 4. What were good practices and practices which need improvements? After the accident: 5. What challenges have you identified in order to improve nuclear safety in lights of Fukushima? 6. What actions have you done or have you planned to do to enhance nuclear safety? Have you established an action plan accordingly? Conclusion: 7. What are the lessons learnt you identified from the Fukushima accident? 8. What do you expect from ANSN to improve your national nuclear safety infrastructure? ๒

3 BEFORE THE ACCIDENT ๓

4 Power Development Plan The first 1000 MW NPP was supposedly to be operation in NEPIO (under Ministry of Energy) was set up in February 1, 2008 very active then ๔

5 INIR Conduct self assessment for INIR mission Received INIR mission in December 2010 INIR mission s comment Thailand can make a knowledgeable decision on the introduction of nuclear power. Three major INIR indicated gaps Legislation framework Drafting a new nuclear law Lacking of detailed HRD plan for Phase 1 Improving HRD plan of OAP No clear statement on national position for safety Drafting a new nuclear law ๕

6 DURING THE ACCIDENT ๖

7 OAP s response to Fukushima Accident Call Center to answer questions Radiation check at the Suvanbhumi airport Internal radiation dose check at the OAP Contamination check for imported food from Japan Radiation monitoring throughout the country ๗

8 Information Center for Fukushima Accident To coordinate with the IAEA To provide correct information about the Fukushima accident to the public Answering any questions from the public Making press releases, TV interviews Providing advices for traveling to Japan ๘

9 Radiation Check at the Suvanbhumi Airport Pilots, airhostesses, and passengers Out of 3,964 persons checked, only one person found to be contaminated Air cargo No contamination found Airplane (both inside and outside) I 131 contamination found at landing wheels and air filtration systems ๙

10 Internal radiation dose check at the OAP I 131 dose check for several public groups (the total of 80 people) General public Private company employees Government officials such as air force personnel No contamination found ๑๐

11 Internal radiation dose check at the OAP ๑๑

12 Contamination Check for Imported Food from Japan To cooperate with Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), radiation check for I 131, Cs 134, and Cs 137 performed by OAP Food safety limits (FDA Standards) I 131 = 100 Bq/kg Cs Cs 137 = 500 Bq/kg Out of 662 samples (as of June 19, 2012), 30 samples such as fish, sweet potatoes, vegetables, powder tea found to be contaminate ๑๒

13 ๑๓

14 Contaminated Food Sweet potato (I 131; 15.3 Bq/kg) Mackerel (Cs 137; 3.87 Bq/kg) Mitsuba (I 131; 83.4, Cs 134; 44.7, Cs 137; 51.1 Bq/kg) Hanawasabi (I 131; 33.2, Cs 134; 12.9, Cs 137; 12.9 Bq/kg) Salmon (Cs 134; 3.54 Bq/kg) ๑๔

15 Environmental Monitoring Eight air monitoring stations in Northern, North eastern, and Eastern throughout the country Radiation monitoring for sea samples ๑๕

16 Gamma Monitoring เช ยงใ หม พะเ ยา ขอนแก น อ บลราช ธาน ตรา ด ระน อง สงขล า ๑๖

17 Radiation Monitoring (Type A) Gamma Monitoring Pa Yao University Air Dust Collection Radiation Record Instrument Radioactive Dust Collection 17

18 Radiation Monitoring (Type B) Gamma Level Monitoring Air Dust Collection OAP Radiation Record Instrument Radioactive Dust Collection 18

19 Real time Radiation Level Update on OAP website ๑๙

20 Evaluations of Crisis Event Handling Major difficulties and hard ships except for the lack of information Only national radiation emergency plan exists No actual operation protocol Good practices Contracting Party of Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency Staff coordination (setup the information center for Fukushima Accident in relatively short time with smooth running) Practices which need improvements Lack of public communication skills by technical officers, while public relations staff lack technical skills Expanding the roles of public relations and emergency preparedness and response divisions ๒๐

21 AFTER THE ACCIDENT ๒๑

22 Challenges National Energy Policy Public Acceptance Regulatory Framework Regulatory Culture Emergency Preparedness and Response ๒๒

23 National Energy Policy After the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants, the government has decided to postpone the project for 6 years till NEPIO was dissolved and a new office called Office of Nuclear Energy Study and Coordination under Ministry of Energy was set up. ๒๓

24 Radiation Awareness Program for Public Dissemination of basic knowledge of nuclear and radiation to students and public Nuclear camps Newspapers TV programs Leaflets, posters, cartoons, and CDs e learning program on the OAP website 24/7 hotline number in case of nuclear and radiation emergency for licensees and public Introduced the basics of nuclear and radiation and its effect into education curriculum ๒๔

25 Regulatory Framework Thailand s Atomic Energy Act is rather outdated and needs to be revised. No safety, security, and safeguards concept is clearly expressed. Independence issue No exemption for radioactive materials ๒๕

26 Drafting Law and Regulations Using IAEA Handbook of Nuclear Law as a guideline, the new comprehensive Nuclear Act has been drafted. It is now under consideration of the Council of State. The OAP are drafting and revising regulations as well as guidelines to be issued under the new Act. These regulations and guidelines will be reviewed by the Nuclear Safety Sub committee before being endorsed by the Thai Atomic Energy Commission. ๒๖

27 Improving Safety Management System Bureau of Nuclear Safety Regulation (BNSR) has been certified ISO 9001: 2008 in March In addition, the GRS 3 is integrated into the BNSR Quality Assurance (QA) Program. The BNSR conducts an annual internal audit before being audited by an external party. The BNSR has planned to implement IMS by ๒๗

28 Regulatory Culture The OAP will try to be open and transparent to the public. Public opinion on regulation drafts Licensing and inspecting information The OAP will adapt safety culture necessary for regulating research reactors and nuclear power plants in the future. Regulatory culture can be cultivated thru HRD. ๒๘

29 HRD Both the OAP and EGAT are working to maintain capabilities of their staff. The OAP received the expert mission on SARCoN early on September As a result, the OAP will do SARCoN in January ETReS is expected by the end of ๒๙

30 ASEANTOM Objectives exchange information on nuclear 3S for regulatory bodies enhance harmonization of regulatory activities establish a network for nuclear 3S in Southeast Asian counties. OAP hosted 2nd Meeting to finalize TOR during September 3 5, TOR was proposed and accepted in Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) in September ๓๐

31 International Cooperation IAEA THA 4015 : Technical Support for Upgrading/Establishment of Infrastructure for Introduction of Nuclear Power THA0012/ : Technical Cooperation for Acquiring Regulatory Expertises in Preparation for the First Nuclear Power Plant and the New Research Reactor. RAS9061 : Strengthening Regional Nuclear Regulatory Authorities and Safety Culture US NRC & EU Cooperation with EU MOU and IRDP KINS Draft MOU (has been approved by the cabinet but awaiting for signing process due to Org. change.) ๓๑

32 TC Project (THA0012) Technical Cooperation for Acquiring Regulatory Expertise in Preparation for the First Nuclear Power Plant and the New Research Reactor consists of SIX major areas: Reactor safety Security and safeguards Environmental impact assessment HRD Plan HRDP SARCoN Planned refresher course for Emergency preparedness Spent fuel and waste management ๓๒

33 IAEA Awareness Mission on Conventions in THAILAND Convention on Nuclear Safety Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management & on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management ๓๓

34 IAEA Awareness Mission on Conventions in THAILAND ๓๔

35 National Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Plan As a specific regulation in the emergency preparedness and response field, the Act of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation has been promulgated in At the top level there is a national emergency plan for an integrated response to any combination of hazards. The National Preparedness Plan (NPP) which includes the National Nuclear and Radiological Plan (NNREP) is part of this all hazards plan.

36 Structure of the National Preparedness Plan Licensees Plan

37 Regulatory Basis of Emergency Preparedness and Response Radiological Emergency Preparedness and Coordinator Group, Bureau of Radiation Safety Regulation, Office of Atoms for Peace acts as National Competent Authority and Technical Support which coordinate to both regulatory bodies and response organizations The Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) is the principle government agency in National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation and acts as 1st Responder and/or Decision maker.

38 Emergency Preparenessed and Response Exercises ๓๘

39 Monitoring Stations Ambient dose information for public 12 monitoring stations throughout country (increase from 8 to cover southern part of Thailand) 2 stations in the sea Gulf of Thailand and Andaman sea

40 EGAT Hiring consultants to review technical information on reactor types with special consideration for passive systems ๔๐

41 CONCLUSION ๔๑

42 Path Forward & Lessons Learned Even though the NPP project has been postponed, the OAP and EGAT keep working to maintain the staff capability and improving infrastructure within the organizations. NPP Technical and Safety Reviews NPP Site Selection Reviews Legislation and Regulatory Framework Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan for emergency events is crucial. There should exist a protocol that includes everything in steps (i.e. setting up a crisis information center, directing telephone lines, staffing) Public communication, education and participation Human resource development ๔๒

43 Expectation of ANSN Increase core competency of staff Expert missions (follow up of SARCON, etc) National workshops ๔๓

44 Thank you for your attention. ๔๔