Stephanie Romanias 1. Chandler City Hall. Chandler City Hall. A New Urban Edge Stephanie Romanias. Architectural Engineering Senior Thesis

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1 Chandler City Hall Stephanie Romanias 1 Chandler City Hall A New Urban Edge Stephanie Romanias Architectural Engineering Senior Thesis

2 Chandler City Hall Scope of Thesis Work Introduction Building Overview Breadth Topics Council Chamber Architectural/Acoustical Analysis Façade/Solar Loading Analysis Lighting Depth Open Office Lobby Council Chamber Exterior Facade Electrical Depth Branch Circuiting Redesign Photovoltaic Array Increasing Feeder Size Feasibility Analysis M.A.E. Focus: Daylight Integration and Control Stephanie Romanias Architectural Engineering Senior Thesis A New Urban Edge Stephanie Romanias 2 Chandler City Hall

3 Chandler City Hall Introduction Building Overview Breadth Topics Council Chamber Architectural/Acoustical Analysis Façade/Solar Loading Analysis Lighting Depth Open Office Lobby Council Chamber Exterior Facade Electrical Depth Branch Circuiting Redesign Photovoltaic Array Increasing Feeder Size Feasibility Analysis M.A.E. Focus: Daylight Integration and Control Scope of Thesis Work Stephanie Romanias Architectural Engineering Senior Thesis A New Urban Edge Stephanie Romanias 3 Chandler City Hall

4 Building Introduction & Overview Project Overview Stephanie Romanias 4 Building name Location Size Occupancy Construction Chandler City Hall chandler, Arizona 137,692 sq. ft. mixed use April 2009 December 2010 A landmark a new urban edge on the face of historic Chandler Intending to respect the past... and acknowledge the future Chandler City Hall A New Urban Edge Project team: architecture + mep general contractor structural engineer civil engineer landscape architecture construction manager SmithGroup Sundt Construction Caruso Turley Scott Dibble Engineering GBTwo Landscape Architecture Abacus Project Management

5 Building Introduction & Overview Project Overview Stephanie Romanias 5 CITY CLERK Business Assembly Mercantile Building name Location Size Chandler City Hall chandler, Arizona 137,692 sq. ft. Lobby Offices Café + Catering Vision Gallery N Occupancy Construction mixed use April 2009 December 2010 COUNCIL CHAMBERS Assembly Business A connection, tying the civic, commercial, and historic centers together through in iconic structure Council Chamber Auditorium Conference + Office Spaces Catering N

6 Electrical Depth Photovoltaic Array design goals Photovoltaic Array Electrical Weather Data: Chandler, Arizona Stephanie Romanias 6 Energy Savings energy efficiency harvest the sun s energy government incentives minimal pay back period N

7 Electrical Depth Photovoltaic Array Photovoltaic Array Stephanie Romanias 7 design goals Electrical Design PV Modules: 777 Schuco 320 W MPE 320 MP 02 Energy energy efficiency Modules per String: 7 modules/string harvest the sun s energy Strings per Inverter: 6 strings/inverter Savings government incentives Inverters: 10 12kW inverters minimal pay back period Connected Wattage: kw Total System Cost: $1,250,000 Estimated Project Life: 25 years N

8 Electrical Depth Photovoltaic Array Photovoltaic Array Stephanie Romanias 8 design goals Energy Savings energy efficiency harvest the sun s energy government incentives minimal pay back period Electrical Design PV Modules: 777 Schuco 320 W MPE 320 MP 02 Modules per String: 7 modules/string Strings per Inverter: 6 strings/inverter Inverters: 10 12kW inverters Connected Wattage: kw Government Incentives Federal Grant: One-time 30% credit incentive Based on total system cost APS (Arizona Public Service) Utility Company $2.50/W (DC) Connected Total System Cost: $1,250,000 Estimated Project Life: 25 years

9 Electrical Depth Photovoltaic Array Cumulative cash flows ($) Photovoltaic Array Cumulative cash flows graph Stephanie Romanias 9 design goals Energy Savings energy efficiency harvest the sun s energy government incentives minimal pay back period Electrical 1,200,000 1,000, , , , , , , Government Incentives Federal Grant: One-time 30% credit incentive Based on total system cost APS (Arizona Public Service) Utility Company $2.50/W (DC) Connected Connected Wattage: kw Year Total System Cost: $1,250,000 Simple Payback: 5.9 years Estimated Project Life: 25 years

10 Lighting Depth Lighting Depth Stephanie Romanias 10 design goals Lighting Design Movement History Technology Preservation Continuation Hierarchy Materiality Reflection Connection Creating the essence of Timelessness Main Lobby: A Circulation Space Open Office (3 rd Floor): A Large Work Space Council Chambers: A Special Purpose Space Exterior Façade: An Outdoor Space Heading toward the future without covering up the past

11 Architectural + Acoustical Breadth Council Chamber Stephanie Romanias 11 design goals Architecturally & Acoustically appeal materiality focus comfort living room of Chandler City Hall contrast and balance frame the front; creating a focal point easy sound discrimination Section View - North Reflected Ceiling Plan

12 Architectural + Acoustical Breadth Council Chamber Stephanie Romanias 12 design goals Architecturally & Acoustically Optimal Reverberation Time appeal living room of Chandler City Hall Auditorium: sec. materiality contrast and balance Conference: sec. focus frame the front; creating a focal point comfort easy sound discrimination T 60 = sec.

13 Lighting Depth Council Chamber Council Chamber Stephanie Romanias 13 design goals Lighting Design flexibility hierarchy materiality focus comfort scene control; public or private event of light to create a focal point warmth of wood, inviting, comfortable layering of light throughout the space presenter, council, & audience

14 Lighting Depth Council Chamber Council Chamber Stephanie Romanias 14 design goals Lighting Design flexibility hierarchy materiality focus comfort scene control; public or private event of light to create a focal point warmth of wood, inviting, comfortable layering of light throughout the space presenter, council, & audience

15 Lighting Depth Council Chamber ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1: Lighting Power Density Allowable = 1.3 W/sq.ft. Council Chamber Audience Scene 1: Average Illuminance : 34.8 fc Council Stephanie Romanias 15 As Designed = W / sq.ft. Average Illuminance : 75.4 fc Audience Scene 2: Average Illuminance : 5.78 fc Council Average Illuminance : 71.3 fc

16 Lighting Depth Council Chamber Council Chamber Audience Scene 1: Stephanie Romanias 16 Average Illuminance : 34.8 fc Council Average Illuminance : 75.4 fc Scene1 Scene2 Audience Scene 2: Average Illuminance : 5.78 fc Council Average Illuminance : 71.3 fc

17 Lighting Depth Exterior Façade Exterior Façade Stephanie Romanias 17 design goals Lighting Design connection hierarchy dynamic appeal dark skies history & technology guidance & representation art scrim landmark minimal sky glow West Entrance Façade

18 Lighting Depth Exterior Façade Exterior Façade Stephanie Romanias 18 design goals Lighting Design connection hierarchy dynamic appeal dark skies history & technology guidance & representation art scrim landmark minimal sky glow Ground Level Mezzanine Level West Entrance Façade

19 Lighting Depth Exterior Façade Performance Average Illuminance (Horizontal): 5.26 fc Average Illuminance (Vertical): 2.97 fc Exterior Façade Stephanie Romanias 19 Allowable ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1: Building Entrance : 30.0 W/Lft. Canopies : 1.25 W/sq.ft. 8 fc Building Façade : 0.20 W/sq.ft. 5 fc 5.0 W/Lft. Dark Skies Association/ ILE: Upward Light Ratio = 0.05 Ground Level Mezzanine Level 2 fc

20 Lighting Depth Exterior Façade Performance Average Illuminance (Horizontal): 5.26 fc Average Illuminance (Vertical): 2.97 fc Exterior Façade Stephanie Romanias 20 ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1: Building Entrance : 11.2 W/Lft. Canopies : 0.20 W/sq.ft. Building Façade : 0.18 W/sq.ft W/Lft. Dark Skies Association/ ILE: Upward Light Ratio = Ground Level Mezzanine Level

21 M.A.E. Daylighting Focus design goals Daylight Integration and Control Daylighting 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 21 energy dimming shading comfort efficiency harvest daylight; create savings closed loop photosensor control integrate with dimming control useful daylight controls Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%

22 M.A.E. Daylighting Focus Daylight Integration and Control design goals Daylighting Daylight Autonomy Target Illuminance: 30 fc (322.8 lux) 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 22 energy harvest daylight; create savings Dimming dimming closed loop photosensor control shading comfort efficiency integrate with dimming control useful daylight controls Dimming +Shade Control Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%

23 M.A.E. Daylighting Focus Daylight Integration and Control design goals Daylighting Continuous Daylight Autonomy Target Illuminance: 30 fc (322.8 lux) 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 23 energy harvest daylight; create savings Dimming dimming closed loop photosensor control shading comfort efficiency integrate with dimming control useful daylight controls Dimming +Shade Control Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%

24 M.A.E. Daylighting Focus Daylight Integration and Control design goals Daylighting Useful Daylight Illuminance Target Illuminance: 30 fc (322.8 lux)- 250 fc (2690 lux) 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 24 energy harvest daylight; create savings Dimming dimming closed loop photosensor control shading comfort efficiency integrate with dimming control useful daylight controls Dimming +Shade Control Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%

25 M.A.E. Daylighting Focus January 22nd Dimming Daylight Integration and Control Dimming + Shade Control 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 25 Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%

26 M.A.E. Daylighting Focus March 23rd Dimming Daylight Integration and Control Dimming + Shade Control 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 26 Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%

27 M.A.E. Daylighting Focus July 12th Daylight Integration and Control 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 27 Dimming Dimming + Shade Control Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%

28 M.A.E. Daylighting Focus Daylight Integration and Control Signal vs. Dimming Level Dimming Dimming + Shade Control 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 28 Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3% Zone 1 Dimmed ; Zone 2 On Zone 1 Off ; Zone 2 Dimmed Zone 1 Dimmed ; Zone 2 On Zone 1 Off ; Zone 2 Dimmed

29 M.A.E. Daylighting Focus Energy Savings Daylight Integration and Control 3 rd Floor Open Office Stephanie Romanias 29 Dimming Zone kwh Zone kwh Total Dimming + Shade Control Zone kwh Zone kwh Total kwh kwh Zone 1 Zone 2 Roller Shades Nysan GreenScreen Eco Reflectance = 0.12 Transmittance = 7% Openess Factor = 3%

30 Summary + Conclusions Summary Stephanie Romanias 30 Electrical: Photovotaic Array Able to integrate a useful renewable energy source at a minimal payback with the help of government incentives. Lighting: Reinforce the architect s vision while also creating an energy efficient design that adheres AHSHRAE 90.1, IESNA, and the Dark Skies Association. Architectual/Acoustical: Auditorium Redesign Minimalistically, create a focal point by framing the front of the space without compromising sound quality Daylighting: South Facing Open Office Potential to generate energy saving based on closed loop dimming control and automated shade control

31 Acknowledgements A special thanks to Stephanie Romanias 31 Advisors Dr. Houser Dr. Mistrick Professor Dannerth Professor Holland Professor Parfitt Project Team architecture + mep: general contractor: structural engineer: civil engineer: landscape architecture: construction manager: SmithGroup Sundt Construction Caruso Turley Scott Dibble Engineering GBTwo Landscape Architecture Abacus Project Management Fellow AE s, Friends, & Family Thank you.

32 Acknowledgements Questions? Stephanie Romanias 32 Thank you.