Sanitation s agenda: water toiletwaste pollution. Joining the dots for successful implementation of Swachh Bharat CSE Delhi.

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1 s agenda: water toiletwaste pollution nexus Joining the dots for successful implementation of Swachh Bharat CSE Delhi Swachh Bharat Important opportunity. Top level national attention Important to join the excreta dots In urban areas toilets have to be linked to and systems In rural areas toilets have to be linked to poverty, behavioural change (health connection), water, toilet design and waste Swachh Bharat

2 Excreta Matters I file://localhost/users/sunitanarain/desktop/e xcreta matter vol.1 PDF/Final chapters for book/master Excel Checked.xls 71 city data analyzed City water waste profiles Where does water come? Where does waste go? Simple questions But not asked Never answered Water story in cities Planners obsessed with water, not supply Water sourced from further and further away Leads to increasing cost of supply Leads to high distribution losses Less water to supply at end of pipeline Less water means more costly water Cities not able to recover costs of supply, have no money to invest in sewage 2

3 First count of toilets and their connections: where waste goes Water=waste Cities plan for water, forget waste 80% water leaves homes as sewage More water=more waste Cities have no accounts for sewage Cities have no clue how they will convey waste of all, treat it, clean rivers 3

4 Cities do not have drains New growth cities are growing without drains Backlog and front log impossible to fix As cities fix one drain, another goes under Shit-Flow: mapping the story of cities 4

5 Srikakulam- 31 July % 5% (offsite) 2% 78% 5% 40% 78% 35% not emptied 0% 15% Open defecation 15% 5% 35% 45% Key: Variable nr : % of flow Safely managed Unsafely managed Solapur-01 August % 39% 36% 36% treated 3% 25% delivered to 48% 4% FS - not emptied FS 22% 2% 44% not emptied 2% 13% Open defecation 13% 2% 22% 25% 36% 5

6 Dewas- 30 January % 6% centralized 3% 11% 29% 21% 76% FS 7% 9% 55% 16% not emptied 7% 15% Open defecation 15% 13% 25% 40% Gwalior-13 October 2015 W2:79% W1:80% W11a:63% delivered to W15:1% W4a: 16% W4c:2% W11c:5% delivered to treated W5a:18% F1:14% F2:2% FS F3: 6% F10:12% not emptied F8: 1% 19 % OD9:6% Open defecation OD9:6% F15:1% F11: 6% W11:68% 6

7 Cuttack- 28 July % 19% 3% 67% 12% 7% 13% 23% treated 20% 67% 30% not emptied 11% FS FS treated 11% 31 % 11% Open defecation 11% 4% 19% 35% Aizawl- 29 July % 4% 4% 4% 50 % 92% emptied 50% FS 42% 42% 8% 7

8 Agra 21 October % 42% 12% delivered to 5% 30% 14% treated treated 43% 46% 2% FS 44% 13% 21% not emptied 10% delivered to FS FS treated 1% 10% 54 % 7% Open defecation 7% 2% 11% 25% 1% Tumkur- 03 August % 50% 5% 45% treated 45% 3% 14% 40% 18% FS 22% 8% 10% not emptied 10% 55 % 7% Open defecation 7% 1% 18% 19% 8

9 Delhi 8 February 2016 Field based 68 % 65 % 10 % delivered to 55 % delivered d to treated 52 % 3 % 2 % 10 % delivered to treated 28 % 10 % FS 18 % 14 % not emptied 1 % FS Delivered to FS treated 3 % 1 % 56 % 4 % Open defecation 4 % 2 % 13 % 20 % 5 % Bikaner- 14 September % 41% 10% delivered to 31% treated 41% 23% 10% 13% delivered to 31% 31% FS 14% FS not emptied 17% 5% Open defecation 58 % 5% 14% 23% 9

10 Tiruchirappalli- 26 th September % 53% 13% delivered to i 40% treated 45% 6% 5% 18% delivered to 36% 2% FS FS not emptied 1% 16% FS FS treated 14% 34% 5% Open defecation Not emptied delivered ered to 60 % 5% 2% 2% 31% On site challenges Toilet connected to underground box Design quality of septic tank is unknown in many cases these are tanks, emptied regularly or simply linked to municipal drain In most cities Informal sector collects waste for a price growing and thriving business In all cities there is no system for safe of this waste In all cities, waste from septic tanks is dumped in open sewers; rivers; municipal sewers; fields 10

11 Toilet STP+++ Current focus is on building toilets (important and necessary) Current pollution control focus is on building sewage plants (unnecessary without conveyance But people are building septic tanks there is no official conveyance; no official End result is: pollution On site needs: Recognition: official acceptance that these are not part of the past but the future Regulations: construction; collection; Technologies: and reuse 11

12 Opportunity: re invent future solutions If India can jump skip leapfrog the landline grid route in connectivity it in telephones and energy access then why not in? Cost effective (do not have to plan for underground sewerage for door to door conveyance) People are managers (if septic tank is overflowing then NIMBY kicks in) Already exist do not have to re engineer entire cities for sewerage networks Opportunity: Re use Water based sewage systems destroy the nitrogen cycle of world Water used to flush excreta; water as conveyance; water for Nutrients lost Food security lost Water polluted Land based sewage systems can repair this 12

13 Opportunity: Land based Nutrients Food Excreta Nutrients Food Excreta is segregated in septage systems (mostly and challenge is to keep it like this) Excreta can be used as nutrients for soil reused in agriculture or compost How? What is best practice? What is primary required? Who will pay for it? How will city regulate reuse? Rural challenge Complex; extensive and inhuman More cell phones than toilets about gender World s wicked problems are about gender cooking fuels; toilets or clean water Opportunity to fix much more than toilets This is what we want to discuss Not what is going wrong but what is working and why? 13

14 The nation needs to know Where does your water come from? Where does your excreta go? p y p KHk 14