Serbian Waste Management Plan for End-of-life vehicles (ELV)

Transcription

1 Twinning Project SR 13 IB EN 02 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia IHWMS Serbian Waste Management Plan for End-of-life vehicles (ELV) April 2017

2 Project partners: Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection 1, Omladinskih Brigada str., New Belgrade Republic of Serbia Umweltbundesamt Environment Agency Austria Spittelauer Lände Vienna AUSTRIA and Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) Köthener Str Berlin (Germany) Disclaimer: This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the Twinning Partners, Serbian Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection and Environment Agency Austria, and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Cover photographs: istockphoto.com/olaf herschbach, Thomas Reimer Fotolia.com, patrkslezak Fotolia.com Approvals

3 Twinning Project SR 13 IB EN 02 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia IHWMS Twinning Project Project title Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia IHWMS Project number SR 13 IB EN 02 Project duration May 2015 May 2017 Project budget 1,000,000 Beneficiary country (BC) Commissioned/financed by Republic of Serbia European Commission, Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA) of the European Union Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection Umweltbundesamt - Environment Agency Austria Project partners and Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB)-Germany BC project leader BC counterpart MS project leader Radmila Šerović Jelena Tesla Brigitte Karigl Overall objectives Project purpose project To assist Serbia to meet environmental Acquis through institutional building and improvement of environmental infrastructure Development and improvement of waste management system, by completing legislation and strategic planning and implementation framework for managing special hazardous waste streams in compliance with EU standards and Serbian legislation

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5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION Overall waste problematic Role of the plan in waste management planning Consultation process LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ELV Serbian policy and legislation for ELV EU policy and legislation for ELV Waste Framework Directive Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on End-of Life Vehicles (ELV) as amended Law on Waste Management Rulebook on the manner and procedure of end-of-life vehicle management Additional legal regulations relating to the management of ELVs National Waste Management Strategy WASTE MANAGEMENT ORGANISING, INCLUDING THE DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS, WITH REGARD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT OF ELV The Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection Autonomous Province of Voievodina Serbian Environmental Protection Agency SEPA Local Self Governmental Unit Professional Organisations for Waste Testing Private sector CURRENT STATUS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF ELV Qualitative Characterization of ELV Waste sources of ELV Composition of ELV Material composition of ELV Classification of ELV vehicles according to waste codes Quantitative Characterization of end-of-life vehicles Market input of vehicles and the number of registered passenger cars Quantities of ELV generated in Serbia Quantities of ELV treated in Serbia Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 1

6 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS Quantities of ELV imported/exported to/from Serbia EXISTING WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEMS AND THE NETWORK OF LARGE PLANTS FOR WASTE RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL, INCLUDING ANY TREATMENT OF ELV Present collection system for ELV Existing treatment facilities for ELV EXPECTED TYPES, QUANTITIES, AND ORIGIN OF ELV THAT WILL BE PRODUCED IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, IMPORTED, OR EXPORTED TO OTHER COUNTRY, INCLUDING THE ASSESSMENT OF SPECIFIC WASTE STREAM CREATION, AND BASED ON THE QUANTITY OF PRODUCTS PLACED ON THE MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA (FORECAST ON WASTE QUANTITIES) ASSESSMENT OF NEED FOR NEW COLLECTION SYSTEM, ADDITIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SELF- SUFFICIENCY AND CLOSENESS PRINCIPLES, AND, IF NECESSARY, INVESTING IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH INFRASTRUCTURE Options for the collection of ELV Options for the treatment, recovery and disposal of ELV Estimated investment and operational costs for appropriate waste management options Cost for collection of ELV Cost for treatment, recovery and disposal of ELV Estimated present management costs for ELV SOURCES AND LEVELS OF FUNDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR ELV (= ECONOMY AND FINANCING) Options for the financing of management costs for ELV DETERMINATION OF OBJECTIVES Objectives regarding prevention of ELVs Objectives regarding the collection of ELVs Objectives regarding the reuse, treatment, recycling and recovery and disposal of ELV, including capacities of waste management Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title 10 ACTION PLAN FOR ACHIEVING THE OBJECTIVES Regulatory instruments Operative instruments Market based instruments Information based instruments Assignment of responsibilities for implementation of measures Evaluation of the usefulness and suitability of the use of economic and other instruments in tackling problems with ELV, taking into account the need to maintain the smooth functioning of the internal market INDEX OF TABLES, FIGURES AND PICTURES ANNEX Part A Information on the consultation process Members of the working group for the development of the national waste management plan for end-of-life vehicles (ELV) REFERENCES Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 3

8 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ADR ELV European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road End-of-life vehicles 4 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

9 ANNEX Title 1 INTRODUCTION The overall objective of this Waste Management Plan is to establish an effective management system - end-of-life vehicles in Serbia - including legal, institutional and technical aspects. In order to achieve this goal an assessment of the current situation regarding end-of-life vehicles was performed and gaps in the legal framework and its practical implementation were identified. Furthermore, in this plan information on options for the management of end-of-life vehicles is provided in order to identify necessary steps for improving end-of-life vehicle in Serbia. The main goals of the plan are summarized in Chapter Error! Reference source not found.. Information on the implementation of this plan - i.e. planned measures to achieve these goals, the responsibility for their implementation and timelines - is provided in Chapter 9 Action Plan for Achieving the Objectives. 1.1 Overall waste problematic End-of-life vehicle means a used motor vehicle which is waste within the meaning of waste legislation. Therefore the distinction between waste vehicles and used vehicles is essential. A used vehicle becomes waste if its holder discards it, or intends or is required to discard it. End-of-life vehicles contain hazardous substances such as fuel, motor oil, oil filter, braking fluid, coolants, batteries, PBC-containing capacitors etc. As long as a vehicle contains any of the above mentioned hazardous substances it is classified as hazardous waste. For gaining the metal fraction of an end-of-life vehicle for the purpose of recycling a treatment in a shredder facility is afforded. Before treatment in a shredder facility a pre-treatment for the purpose of removing hazardous substances and recoverable non-metal substances has to be done. 1.2 Role of the plan in waste management planning The national Waste Management Strategy for the period inter alia requires the Government to prepare and adopt national waste management plans, which should address issues associated with specific waste streams. Article 11 of the Serbian Law on Waste Management stipulates that separate national plans shall be developed for managing different waste streams. The national plans shall contain: Information on expected types, quantities and origin of waste to be recovered, treated or deposited in the Republic of Serbia; Information on expected types, quantities and origin of waste to be exported to another country for treatment or disposal; Description of goals to be achieved regarding the prevention and reduction of waste production, reduction of unavoidable waste, recovery or disposal of such waste including deadlines for achieving the goals; Definition of priorities, measures and waste management programs with an estimation of costs, the financial sources and deadlines for implementation; Description of other goals and measures relevant to waste management. Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 5

10 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS The geographical coverage of this plan is the whole territory of the Republic of Serbia. The time horizon of the plan is In 2023 this plan will be reviewed. 1.3 Consultation process In the course of developing this ELV Waste Management Plan three workshops were held with participation of relevant Serbian stakeholders: the relevant Ministries, Regional Administrations (including the autonomous province of Vojvodina, City of Belgrade), and other stakeholders including operators of waste treatment plants, Chamber of Commerce, laboratories for waste characterisation, NGOs et. al. 1. The focus of these workshops was: to discuss available information about the current status of ELV management in Serbia (waste generation, collection, treatment, shipment as well as treatment infrastructure) to discuss appropriate management options for ELV to agree on objectives for the management of ELV in Serbia and to discuss and agree on measures necessary to achieve these objectives. Consultations with the licensed companies that are active in the process of ELV management and knowledgeable of the Serbian realities as well as the information exchanged both during the workshops contributed to a better understanding of the current situation in the field offend of life vehicles, of the problems that exist in this area and also of the positive developments. Interim results and background information were regularly presented to the involved stakeholders and put to discussion. Comments of stakeholders were taken into due consideration when preparing the final draft of the ELV Waste Management Plan. 1 A list of the members of the planning team and of the participates of the workshops are provided in the Annex (Chapter 12.1) 6 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

11 ANNEX Title 2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ELV 2.1 Serbian policy and legislation for ELV The Law on Waste Management (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No 36/09, 6/09 and 88/10) (LWM) regulates classification of waste; waste management planning; waste management entities; responsibilities and obligations in the management of waste; organization of waste management; specific waste stream management; permit conditions and procedure; licensing terms and procedure; cross-border movement of waste, waste reporting; the financing of waste management and supervision of waste management. In February 2016 existed a draft amendment on the LWM, approved by the Government and submitted for approval to the Parliament. Detailed implementing provisions were laid down in 2010 with the adoption of the Rulebook on the manner and procedure of end-of-life vehicle management (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 98/2010). The obligation to pay an environmental tax for ELV placed on the market is prescribed by the Decree on products that become special waste streams upon use thereof (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 54/2010). The Governmental Order on Amount and Conditions for the Award of Incentive Funds (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 88/2009, 67/2010 and 101/2010) stipulates the incentives for the treatment of ELV. The waste catalogue and the waste classification procedures are regulated by the Ministerial Order on Categories, Testing and Classification of Waste (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 56/10). 2.2 EU policy and legislation for ELV Waste Framework Directive The Waste Framework Directive lays down measures to protect the environment and human health by preventing or reducing the adverse impacts of the generation and management of waste and by reducing overall impacts of resource use and improving the efficiency of such use. Being a framework directive there are no special regulations on the management of ELVs. The key points of the Directive are: The legislation establishes a waste hierarchy: prevention, re-use, recycling, recovery for other purposes such as energy and disposal. It confirms the polluter pays principle whereby the original waste producer must pay for the costs of waste management. It introduces the concept of extended producer responsibility. This may include an onus on manufacturers to accept and dispose of products returned after use. It makes a distinction between waste and by-products. Waste management must be carried out without any risk to water, air, soil, plants or animals, without causing a nuisance through noise or smells, or harming the countryside or places of special interest. Producers or holders of waste must treat it themselves or have it handled by an officially recognised operator. They require a permit and are inspected periodically. Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 7

12 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS Competent national authorities must establish waste management plans and waste prevention programmes. Special conditions apply to hazardous waste, waste oils and bio-waste. It introduces recycling and recovery targets to be achieved by 2020 for household waste (50 %) and construction and demolition waste (70 %). The legislation does not cover certain types of waste such as radioactive elements, decommissioned explosives, faecal matter, waste waters and animal carcasses Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on End-of Life Vehicles (ELV) as amended The main target of the Directive in general is the harmonization of different national measures concerning ELV in order to minimize the impact of end-of life vehicles on the environment, thus contributing to the protection, preservation and improvement of the quality of the environment and energy conservation as well as to ensure the smooth operation of the internal market and avoid distortions of competition in the Community. A Community-wide system should be established in order to ensure coherence between national approaches in attaining the objectives stated above, especially with a view to the design of vehicles for recycling and recovery, to the requirements for collection and treatment facilities, and to the attainment of the targets for reuse, recycling and recovery, taking into account the principle of subsidiarity and the polluter-pays principle. The key points of the Directive are: vehicle and equipment manufacturers must factor in the dismantling, reuse and recovery of the vehicles when designing and producing their products. They have to ensure that new vehicles are: - reusable and/or recyclable to a minimum of 85 % by weight per vehicle - reusable and/or recoverable to a minimum of 95 % by weight per vehicle. They may not use hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium. Manufacturers, importers and distributors, must provide systems to collect ELVs and, where technically feasible, used parts from repaired passenger cars. Owners of ELVs delivered for waste treatment receive a certificate of destruction. This is necessary to deregister the vehicle. Producers meet all, or a significant part, of the costs involved in the delivery to a waste treatment centre. There is no expense for the vehicle s owner except rare cases where the engine is missing or the ELV is full of waste. Waste treatment centres must apply for a permit or register with the competent authorities. ELVs are first stripped before further treatment takes place. Hazardous materials and components are removed and separated. Attention is given to the potential reuse, recovery or recycling of the waste. Clear quantified targets for annual reporting to the European Commission exist for the reuse and recovery of ELVs. These have become increasingly more demanding. EU countries report to the European Commission every 3 years on the implementation of the directive. The legislation applies to passenger vehicles and small trucks but not to big trucks, vintage vehicles and special use vehicles. 8 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

13 ANNEX Title This means for Serbia in particular the implementation of the following requirements: Definitions mentioned in the Directive should be transposed into Serbian law (e.g. ELV, treatment, economic operators). Measures should be taken up to reduce and control hazardous substances in vehicles (e.g. lead cadmium, chrome), in order to prevent their release into the environment, to facilitate recycling and to avoid the disposal of hazardous waste. Recycling of all fractions from ELV should be continuously improved (e.g. plastic, metal). Targets for reuse and recovery set by the directive should be met. Collection systems should be established in order to ensure that end-of life vehicles are discarded without endangering the environment. Requirements for deregistration of ELV, should be introduced, preferably in cooperation with the authority directly involved in the implementation process ( Ministry of Internal Affairs Certificate of destruction when ELV is transferred to a treatment facility should be designed and implemented. Requirements for storage and treatment operations in order to prevent negative impacts on the environment should be laid down in the national law. Data collection system should be installed to monitor the fulfilment of targets. Agreements between the competent authorities and the economic sector concerned have to be made to ensure that the main objectives of the Directive on prevention, collection, treatment and recovery of ELV will be achieved. Obligations for the requested reports to the Commission should be addressed Law on Waste Management Article 6 ( Principles ) stipulates the basic principles of waste management, among others the responsibility principle and the polluter pays principle. The responsibility principle means, that producers, importers, distributors and sellers of products that affect the increase of the waste quantity shall be responsible for the waste generated by their activities. The polluter pays principle means, that the polluter shall bear the full costs of consequences of their activities. In Article 25 ( Responsibilities of Product Manufacturer ) more specific obligations regarding the responsibility of producers are outlined. Firstly the product manufacturer has some general obligations regarding the production process and regarding the product. Secondly it is stipulated, that manufacturer or importer whose product becomes hazardous waste upon its use shall take such waste over after the use of product, free of charge. In order to fulfil this second obligation the manufacturer may authorise other legal entity to take the products over upon their use, on behalf of the manufacturer and for their account. Article 79 ( Price of Waste Management Services ) of the draft amendment of LWM (as of ) stipulates that producer and/or importer of products which, after being used, become specific waste streams, shall pay a fee when firs placing the product in the Serbian market. The in this way collected funds shall be made available through the Green Fund of the Republic of Serbia. In Article 55 ( Management of End-of-Life Vehicles ) a number of detailed regulations especially for the management of ELV are stipulated. Besides the definitions of ELV and of owners of ELV there are provisions for manufacturers and importers, for owners of ELV, for the Local self- Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 9

14 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS government units and for the entity that treats ELV. The last sentence of the article entitles the Ministry to closely prescribe the manner and procedure for management of ELV. This is the legal basis for the Rulebook on the manner and procedure of end-of-life vehicle management (O.G. 98/2010). In Article 81 ( Use of the Funds for Waste Management Financing ) of the draft amendment of LWM (as of ) is stipulated, that the Green Fund, and other funds listed in article 80, shall be used to cover investment and operation cost in waste management, specifically to Erect new waste management facilities, reconstruct, renew and utilise the existing facilities; Manage ELV; educational programmes and public awareness raising programmes relating to the environmental issues and waste management; promote the recycled material market and export of the waste which is not possible to treat in the Republic of Serbia. In Article 90 for commercial entities, companies or legal entities fines between 500,000 and 1,000,000 RSD (about 4,000 8,000 ) are provided for management of ELV contrary to article 55. For physical entities (i.e. persons) the fines range between 5,000 and 50,000 RSD (about ) or prison up to 30 days Rulebook on the manner and procedure of end-of-life vehicle management Based on the provision in article 55 of the LWM the rulebook had been elaborated. It applies to vehicles and end-of-life vehicles, including built-in components and materials regardless of the manner in which the vehicle is serviced or repaired during its use and whether or not the vehicle is equipped with components that the manufacturer shipped or other components installed as spare parts. Regarding the management of hazardous substances it is stipulated that during the manufacturing of motor vehicles and spare parts or equipment for motor vehicles, measures shall be taken with the purpose of limiting the use of hazardous substances in vehicles and reducing their amount as much as possible; designing and production of new vehicles, facilitation of dismantling, reuse and treatment, in particular the recycling of end-of-life vehicles, their components and materials; integrating of an increasing quantity of recycled material in vehicles and other products and developing of the markets for recycled materials. Motor vehicles and spare parts thereof containing lead, mercury, cadmium or hexavalent chrome shall not be manufactured or imported, other than the materials and components listed in Appendix 1 of the rulebook. The holder of ELV is obliged to submit the ELV to an authorized person who collects and/or transports and/or disposes of and/or treats ELV. All these persons implicated are obliged to fill out the document on the movement of hazardous waste. If the ELV holder is unknown, collection and submission shall be carried out by the local self-government. Along with the ELV, a copy of the holder s driver s license, or municipal inspection report if the holder is unknown, or a traffic accident report if the ELV was generated as a result of a traffic accident has to be handed over. Regarding the storage of ELV it is clarified that no dismantling must take place at the storage facility. Minimal technical requirements of the storage facility are stipulated. 10 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

15 ANNEX Title The transport of ELV has to comply with provisions that regulate transport of dangerous waste and the permit issued by the competent authority. Regarding the treatment of ELV detailed stipulations are laid down in the rulebook. This includes minimum requirements of the treatment facility, provisions regarding the segregation of hazardous components, provisions regarding the segregation of recyclable parts and provisions regarding the segregation of special components. According to Appendix 3 of the rulebook treatment operations shall achieve the following reuse, treatment and recycling quota: 1. Reuse and treatment of at least 85% of the average ELV mass collected throughout the year and reuse and recycling of at least 80% of the average ELV mass collected throughout the year, after January 1, Reuse and treatment of at least 95% of the average ELV mass collected throughout the year and reuse and recycling of at least 85% of the average ELV mass collected throughout the year, after January 1, Finally it is clearly stated that ELV may not be disposed of in landfills and may not be incinerated Additional legal regulations relating to the management of ELVs Further Serbian legal documents which contain provisions relevant for the management of ELVs are: Rulebook on the form of the document on the movement of hazardous waste and instructions for completion (OG of the RS, No. 114/2013) Governmental order on conditions, methods and management procedures of waste oils (OG of the RS, No. 71/2010); Ministerial order on methods and procedures for managing spent batteries and accumulators (OG of the RS, No. 78/2010); Ministerial order on the list of electrical and electronic products, measures of prohibition and restriction of use of electrical and electronic equipment containing hazardous substances, methods and procedures of managing waste from of electrical and electronic equipment (OG of the RS, 99/2010); Ministerial order on handling asbestos-containing waste (OG of the RS, No. 75/2010); Decree on products that become special waste streams upon use thereof (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 54/2010); Decree on amounts and conditions for the award of incentive funds; (OG of the RS, No 54/2010, 86/2011, 15/2012, 41/2013 dr. pravilnik i 3/2014); Decree on conditions for granting incentives (OG of the RS, No. 88/2009, 67/2010, 101/2010, 86/2011 i 35/2012); Ministerial Order on Categories, Testing and Classification of Waste (OG of the RS, No. 56/10) National Waste Management Strategy In the National Waste Management Strategy from 2010 the situation of the management of ELV is analysed and the need for action is clearly pointed out: Collection and management of end- Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 11

16 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS of-life vehicles depends mostly on supply and demand. Hazardous substances and components are not extracted before the recycling process of end-of-life vehicles. Parts with use value are extracted in smaller amount, depending on their age and condition. For the year 2019 a quantity of 124,000 t ELV is expected and for the period an amount of 30,000,000 is estimated to be necessary for the management of ELV. It is expected that systems and facilities for the management of ELV, being under the responsibility of private sector, will almost completely be funded by private sector from its own capital and/or long-term commercial loans. As indicators used to monitor the strategy implementation for end-of-life vehicles the following two indicators had been stabilized: Quantity of end-of-life vehicles per year (number/year) Quantity of end-of-life vehicles per person and per year (number/person/year) 12 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

17 ANNEX Title 3 WASTE MANAGEMENT ORGANISING, INCLUDING THE DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS, WITH REGARD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT OF ELV According to article 17 of the law on waste management authorities and entities responsible for waste management are the following: Republic of Serbia; Autonomous Province; Local self-government unit; Environment Protection Agency; Professional organizations for waste testing; Non-governmental organizations, including consumers organizations; Other authorities and organizations, in compliance with law In articles of the law on waste management the competences for waste management of the Ministry for Agriculture and Environmental Protection, of the Autonomous Province, of the Local self-government units and of the Environmental Protection Agency are described in detail. Article 46 comprises regulations on the document on movement of hazardous waste. In article 60 are laid down the competences for permitting and in article 84 the competences for inspection. In the following table the essential aspects of the organising of ELV management in Serbia are presented. For details please refer to the law on waste management. Table 1 The essential aspects of the organising of ELV management in Serbia: MAEP AP LSG SEPA com- Territorial petence RS except AP AP if operation inside of AP and outside of AP in RS Only own territory Only own territory RS Issue permits for collection, transport, storage, treatment, recovery 1, disposal HW IW, NHW if operation on more than one LSG IW, NHW in case of incineration All kind of waste treated in mobile facilities All kind of waste City of Belgrade: only IW, NHW 2 ; all kind of waste, if construction permit issued by City of Belgrade 1 Other LSG: IW, NHW - Inspection of installations HW IW, NHW if op- HW IW, NHW if op- IW, NHW - Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 13

18 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS MAEP AP LSG SEPA eration on more than one LSG eration on more than one LSG inside of AP Information on issued permits Own permits Maintain records of permits issued by other competent authorities Only own permits Only own permits Register of all permits (receives information from all permitting authorities) Information on waste quantities and types Information on movement of hazardous waste Issue notification for waste shipment Information on the shipment of waste Waste data base (receives information from all waste generators and owners) Yes (LWM) No (situation since 2015) Yes No 2 City of Belgrade: Yes 1 Yes No No No Yes - - Yes No (LWM) Yes (situation since 2015) Strategy National Strategy, in cooperation with AP Participate in development of National Strategy Participate in development of National Strategy - Planning National Plan, in cooperation with AP 2 National Plan 1 (in reality: in cooperation with AP, LSG + others) Consent to regional plans, except AP Cooperation with MAEP to prepare National Plan 2 (in reality: Cooperation with MAEP to prepare National Plan) Consent to regional plans Regional Plan, if plan comprises more than 1 LSG Local Plan (in reality: Cooperation with MAEP to prepare National Plan) - Plans for certain types of waste that are of importance for AP 2 Prevention Waste preven Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

19 ANNEX Title MAEP AP LSG SEPA tion programme Explications: MAEP SEPA RS AP LSG HW NHW IW Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection Serbian Environmental protection Agency Republic of Serbia Autonomous Province Vojvodina Local Self-Governing unit Hazardous waste Non-hazardous waste Inert waste 1 new provision in the draft for an amendment of the law on waste management ( ) 2 will be removed according to the draft for an amendment of the law on waste management ( ) In addition to the table above it has to be stated, that according to article 70 of the law on waste management for the following operations no permit is necessary: Transport of non-hazardous waste by the waste generator with its own transport vehicles to a waste management facility, if quantities of waste do not exceed 1,000 kg per shipment; Transport of household waste by citizens into containers, collection centres or to a waste management facility, or transport of returned packaging or used products to the manufacturer or seller; Collection of non-hazardous waste at the territory of local self-government unit by private entities, i.e. individual collectors of waste. 3.1 The Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection. The main responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection in the field of End-of-life Vehicles are: To issue permits for the collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes on the territory of Serbia (except the Autonomous province of Vojvodina); To monitor waste management activities and their compliance with the law; To carry out the procedure of hazardous waste shipment on the territory of Serbia; To prepare a national waste management plan for End-of-Life vehicles; To prepare the secondary legislation in the field of End-of-life vehicles. Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 15

20 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS The Ministry Province is issuing permits for storage, treatment and disposal of inert and nonhazardous waste only if the activity is performed in more than one municipality on the territory of Serbia. 3.2 Autonomous Province of Voievodina The main responsibilities of the Autonomous Province in the field of End-of-life Vehicles are:: To issues permits, approvals, consents and other acts in compliance with the Law on Waste management; To maintains the records and submits data to the Ministry; To participate in the development of the Strategy and programmes for the prevention of waste generation for End-of-Life vehicles; To participate in development of the national waste management plan for End-of-Life vehicles; To supervises and controls measures of waste management of End-of-Life vehicles on its territory; The competent authority of Autonomous Province is issuing permits for storage, treatment and disposal of inert and non-hazardous waste only if the activity is performed in more than one municipality. 3.3 Serbian Environmental Protection Agency SEPA According to Article 22 of the Law on Waste Management SEPA shall carry out the following activities pertaining to: Maintenance and updating of database on waste management within the environmental information system, in compliance with the law that regulates environmental protection; Maintenance of data on available and needed quantities of waste, including secondary raw materials exchange and making those data accessible in an electronic form; Reporting on waste management, in compliance with the assumed international obligations. Concerning submission of information on hazardous waste, there are provisions laid down in the Law on Waste Management saying that entities who perform collection, storing and treatment of used batteries and accumulators, waste oils, waste tires, waste of electric and electronic products, waste shall hold a permit, maintain and keep records on these waste streams and on quantities collected, stored or treated, and shall submit those data to the EPA. The economical operator that treats end-of-life vehicles shall maintain records for all the phases of treatment, and shall submit such data to EPA. Concerning products that become special waste streams upon use thereof an annual report as well as daily records on the amount and type of produced and imported products shall be kept by charge payers and shall be submitted to SEPA. The products that become special waste streams upon use thereof includes tyres, products containing asbestos, batteries and 16 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

21 ANNEX Title accumulators, any mineral or synthetic oil and lubricant, electrical and electronic products as well as end of life vehicles (see Decree No. 54/2010, 86/2011, 15/2012 and 3/2014). 3.4 Local Self Governmental Unit According to the Article 55 of the Law on Waste Management, the local self-governments unit shall provide for collection and delivery of end-of-vehicles, if the owner is unknown, to the entity permitted to treat such vehicles and shall be entitled to charge for costs if owner of the end-oflife vehicle becomes known later The local self-government units are entrusted with permitting for collection, transport, storing, treatment and disposal of inert and non-hazardous waste on their territory. More than that the City of Belgrade, which since the new amendments of the Law on waste were published, can issue permits for hazardous waste, inclusive for ELV. The application for those permits shall be submitted to the local self-government unit. 3.5 Professional Organisations for Waste Testing Professional organizations and other legal entities authorized by MAEP are performing waste sampling and characterisation according to the volume of testing for which they have been accredited, in compliance with law. The accreditation is granted for a period of four years and each year shall be an audit. Waste testing shall be performed by professional organizations and other legal entities authorized by Ministry for the following activities: transboundary movement of waste; waste treatment; waste disposal. 3.6 Private sector The private sector is important in the context of extended producer responsibility. The vehicle manufacturers, in liaison with material and equipment manufacturers, have to limit the use of hazardous substances in vehicles and reduce them as far as possible from the conception of the vehicle onwards, so as in particular to prevent their release into the environment, make recycling easier, and avoid the need to dispose of hazardous waste. As consequence producers, importers, distributors and sellers of vehicles have to be made responsible for the management of these products when their life is ended, as well as the related costs. The Law on waste management makes it clear that on one hand the companies have to fulfil requirements from the permit for collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of waste and on the other hand owner of end-of-life vehicle (physical or legal person) shall deliver the ELV to the entity permitted to collect or treat such vehicles. Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 17

22 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 CURRENT STATUS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF ELV 4.1 Qualitative Characterization of ELV Waste sources of ELV End-of-life vehicles as defined by the ELV-Directive (2000/53/EC) are passenger motor vehicles and comprising of no more than eight seats in addition to the driver s seat (category M1), motor vehicles for freight transportation with a maximum mass not exceeding 3.5 t (category N1) or three-wheel motor vehicles with the exception of motorcycles), which are waste within the meaning of the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC), i.e. their owner wishes to dispose of them or already has disposed of them or they need to be disposed of as waste in order to avoid harming the public interest. Vehicles with a mass exceeding 3.5 tonnes are excluded from the scope of ELV Directive. End-of-life vehicles are generated practically in all economic sectors. However, the biggest share of End-of-life vehicles originates from private households Composition of ELV Material composition of ELV A new passenger car manufactured in the European Union has an average mass of kg (International Council on Clean Transportation 2015). A passenger car consists of more than 10,000 single components and approximately 40 different materials. End-of-life vehicles have a high heterogeneous composition and consist to approximately 55-70% of iron/steel, to 3-8% non-ferrous metals, to 8-18% of plastics and textiles, to 2-4% of rubber, to 2-5% of glass, to 2-5% of operating liquids and to 5-10% of other materials. End-of-life vehicles contain hazardous substances such as fuel, motor oil, oil filter, braking fluid, coolants, batteries, PBC-containing capacitors etc Classification of ELV vehicles according to waste codes The European List of Waste (Commission Decision 2000/532/EC) includes two codes for classification of end-of-life vehicles: * end-of-life vehicles end-of-life vehicles, containing neither liquids nor other hazardous components Only fully depolluted End-of-life Vehicles that is, having the batteries and liquefied gas tanks removed and all potential explosive components removed or neutralized, are allowed to be classified under the waste code for non-hazardous ELV. Any End-of-life vehicle not fully depolluted of its liquids or hazards component has to be classified as hazardous waste under the waste code Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

23 ANNEX Title In addition to above mentioned codes for whole End-of-life vehicles, the European List of Waste includes the following waste codes for wastes from dismantling of end-of-life vehicles and vehicle maintenance, several of which hazardous (* = hazardous waste): end-of-life tyres oil filters components containing mercury components containing PCBs explosive components (for example air bags) brake pads containing asbestos brake pads other than those mentioned in brake fluids antifreeze fluids containing hazardous substances antifreeze fluids other than those mentioned in tanks for liquefied gas ferrous metal non-ferrous metal Plastic Glass hazardous components other than those mentioned in to and and components not otherwise specified wastes not otherwise specified 4.2 Quantitative Characterization of end-of-life vehicles Market input of vehicles and the number of registered passenger cars According to SEPA (2015-3), In 282,050 tonnes of vehicles were put on the market in Serbia in This quantity includes the vehicles produced in Serbia and the vehicles imported to Serbia in It also includes those vehicles produced in Serbia, which were exported from Serbia abroad. Automotive industry is one of the most important industrial sectors in Serbia. According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (2016) about 113,000 passenger cars were produced in Serbia in According to the Serbian customs (2016), about 84,300 vehicles of category M1 (passenger motor vehicles) and about 7,300 vehicles of category N1 (motor vehicles for freight transportation with a total permissible mass of no more than 3.5 t) were imported to Serbia in Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 19

24 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS According to the Statistical Office of Serbia 2, about 144,500 tonnes of motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons were exported from Serbia and 102,600 tonnes were imported to Serbia in In addition, about 28,400 tonnes of motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles were imported to Serbia and about 4,500 tonnes were exported from Serbia in 2014 The following table presents data on the total number of registered passenger cars and on the number of first time registered passenger cars in Serbia in 2012, 2013 and Table 2: The number of registered passenger cars (Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia 2013, 2014): Total number of registered passenger cars 1,726,190 1,770,206 1,797,252 Number of first-time registered passenger cars 129, , ,393 The quantity put on the market according to SEPA is quite well in line with the quantities produced and imported. The number of passenger cars remaining in Serbian market, which can be calculated based on the quantities produced /put on the market and on the quantities exported and imported, fits well together with the number of first-time registered cars in Serbia in Quantities of ELV generated in Serbia According to data published by SEPA (2015-2) about 3,000 t of End-of-life (waste codes and ) vehicles were generated in the course of business activities in Serbia in About 40 % of the end-of-life vehicles were reported as hazardous waste under the waste code Table 3: End-of-life vehicles generated in 2014 during business activities (SEPA ): Code Waste Quantity (t) * end-of-life vehicles 1, end-of-life vehicles, containing neither liquids nor other hazardous components 1,830 In Addition, in total 29,590 tons of wastes were reported as generated under the waste codes for wastes from dismantling of end-of-life vehicles and vehicle maintenance. (SEPA ) It needs to be noted, that end-of-life ( ) tires (6,900 t) are included in this quantity. 2 Database of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia: 20 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

25 ANNEX Title Table 4: Wastes from dismantling of end-of-life vehicles and vehicle maintenance (SEPA ): Code Waste Quantity (t) end-of-life tyres 6, oil filters 1, components containing mercury brake pads other than those mentioned in antifreeze fluids containing hazardous substances ferrous metal 12, non-ferrous metal Plastic Glass hazardous components other than those mentioned in to and and components not otherwise specified wastes not otherwise specified 7,447 Total 29,590 The reported quantities of ELV generated are obviously too low. For this reason two different methods were used in order to calculate estimation for the ELV generated in Serbia. Estimation method 1: An estimation based on the annual numbers of first time registered passenger cars und on the growth of the fleet of passenger cars suggests, that between 78,000 and 96,000 passenger cars should fall out of the car fleet in Serbia annually 3. (For data on the number of first time registered passenger cars and on the passenger car fleet please see Table 2). This would be equal to 75,100 t or 91,700 t, assuming that one passenger car weights in average 0,958 kg 4. However, not all of the passenger cars that fall out of the car fleet are necessarily End-of-life vehicles, since a part of them is exported (commercially, by private person or unofficially) abroad. Assuming, that about half of the cars 5 that fall out of the car fleet will be End-of-life vehicles, the annual quantity of End-of-life vehicles in Serbia would be between 37,500 tones and 45,900 tones. Based on this estimation method, the average quantity of ELV generated in Serbia would be 40,000 tones. 3 Theoretically: The number of first time registered cars the change in the car fleet = the number of the cars fallen of the car fleet. 4 For the EU-27 the average per end-of-life vehicle was 958 kg for 2006 to 2012 (Eurostat 5 The assumption is based on the data presented in the study End of life vehicles: Legal aspects, national practices and recommendations for future successful approach, carried out for the European Parliament's Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety in (Available at: In Austria, in Denmark, in Greece and in Latvia about half of the deregistered cars became ELV in the years Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 21

26 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS Estimation method 2: According to the data reported in accordance with the ELV-Directive, the quantities of ELV generated per capita vary remarkably between different Member States. For the year 2013 the highest per capita quantities were reported by Norway (32.4 kg per capita), Sweden (25.2 kg per capita) and Denmark (23.0 kg per capita). The lowest per capita quantities for 2013 were reported by Hungary (1.5 kg per capita), Slovenia (2.2 kg per capita) and Romania (2.53 kg per capita). (Data source: Eurostat ) For the estimation of the generated quantities of ELV in Serbia, an average value for the quantity of ELV generated per capita was calculated based on the data of the following selected EU Member States: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia and Hungary. In addition, an average value for the quantity of ELV per number of passenger cars was calculated based on the data of the selected Member States. (Data sources: Eurostat , Eurostat , Eurostat ) Detailed data is presented in table 5 and 6. Table 5: ELV generated per capita in selected EU Member States in 2013 based on the reports in accordance with the ELV Directive (Data Sources: Eurostat , Eurostat , Eurostat ): Member State ELV (t) Population ELV (kg per capita) Bulgaria 62,723 7,284, Czech Republic 114,833 10,516, Estonia 16,391 1,320, Latvia 9,037 2,023, Lithuania 31,037 2,971, Poland 401,639 38,062, Romania 50,732 20,020, Slovenia 4,528 2,058, Slovakia 29,678 5,410, Hungary 14,865 9,908, TOTAL 735,463 99,577, Based on the average per capita quantity of generated ELV (7.0 kg), which was calculated for the selected EU Member States, the estimated quantity of ELV generated annually in Serbia 6 would be 50,000 tonnes. 6 Population in Serbia in 2015: 7,132, Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

27 ANNEX Title Table 6: ELV generated per number of passenger cars in selected EU Member States in 2013 based on the reports in accordance with the ELV Directive (Data Sources: Eurostat , Eurostat , Eurostat ): Member State ELV (t) Number of passenger cars (thousands) ELV per passenger cars Bulgaria 62,723 2,807 Czech Republic 114,833 4,706 Estonia 16, Latvia 9, Lithuania 31,037 1,713 Poland 401,639 18,744 Romania 50,732 4,487 Slovenia 4,528 1,066 Slovakia 29,678 1,824 Hungary 14,865 2, TOTAL 735,463 39, Based on the average quantity of generated ELV per passenger cars (19 kg/per passenger car), which was calculated for the selected EU Member States, the estimated quantity of ELV generated annually in Serbia would be 34,100 tonnes. The mean value of the two results presented above (50,000 t and 34,100 t) could be taken as estimation for the quantity of ELV generated in Serbia: t. Results: The two estimation methods presented here gave very similar results. Thus, it can be concluded that the annually generated quantity of ELV in Serbia is estimated to be between 40,000 tonnes and 42,000 tonnes. Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 23

28 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS Quantities of ELV treated in Serbia Table 7 shows the quantities of ELV which according to SEPA were treated in Serbia in Table 7: Quantities of ELV treated in Serbia (SEPA ): Code Waste R/D Quantity (t) * end-of-life vehicles R end-of-life vehicles, containing neither liquids nor other hazardous components R , components containing mercury R13 26 The treated quantities of ELV reported to SEPA seem to be too low. One possible reason for the low figures is that some treaters might not yet properly fulfil their reporting obligations. Moreover, it can be assumed, that ELV are often collected by informal collection activities, with the aim to sell spare parts and scrap metal for recycling. End-of-life vehicles might also be shipped abroad informally, or by private persons. According to some private operators in the ELV management only a small amount of EVL was treated by authorized flows Quantities of ELV imported/exported to/from Serbia According to the data on transboundary shipments of waste, reported by the exporters and importers of waste, only 184 t of End-of-Life vehicles were exported from Serbia in The whole quantity was reported under the waste code for non-hazardous End-of-life vehicles containing neither liquids nor other hazardous components. No imports of End-of-life vehicles ( and *) to Serbia were reported in (SEPA 2015) However, having in minds comments received from representatives of the Ministry, there are cases of ELV generated in other countries that cross the borders and enter Serbia as used vehicles. A used vehicle becomes waste when its holder discards it, To make this judgment it is necessary to examine the history of an item on a case-by-case basis. However, there are characteristics of a used vehicle that are likely to indicate whether it is waste or not. Regarding the import of ELV in Serbia, the project used only the data provided by BC. In Addition, 2,395 tons of ferrous metal from dismantling of end-of-life vehicles ( ) was exported from Serbia in 2014 (data provided by SEPA dated with 12 th of April 2016). 24 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

29 ANNEX Title 5 EXISTING WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEMS AND THE NETWORK OF LARGE PLANTS FOR WASTE RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL, INCLUDING ANY TREATMENT OF ELV According to The Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of-life of vehicles, with its different amendments, Member States have to set up collection systems for ELV and for waste used parts. They have to ensure that all vehicles are transferred to authorised treatment facilities, and have to set up a system of deregistration upon presentation of a certificate of destruction. The last holder of an end-of-life vehicle will be able to dispose it free of charge ( free take-back principle). Producers have to meet all, or a significant part of the cost for applying this measure. Undertakings carrying out treatment operations have to strip ELV before treatment and recover all environmentally hazardous components. Priority has to be given to the reuse and recycling of vehicle components (batteries, tyres, oil). The European Environment Agency estimated the number of end-of-life vehicles arising in the EU-25 to be about 14 million in 2010, compared to 12.7 million in This is a number that differs significantly from the 6.2 million end-of-life vehicles in 2008 as published by Eurostat and based on data reported by 24 Member States 7 Furthermore, there are gaps between the numbers of de-registered passenger cars and end-oflife vehicles in many Member States. A certain number of de-registered passenger vehicles are commercially exported as second-hand cars and a certain amount entered into Serbia too. According to the COMEXT database, the official European Foreign Trade Statistics, about 893,000 used cars were exported out of the EU by Member States in Table no. 5 shows data on ELV generated per capita in selected EU Member States for selected Member States to illustrate that there is a gap of knowledge concerning the further use of a certain number of ELV generated. End-of-life vehicles, i.e. unserviceable vehicles are the motor vehicles or parts thereof which are waste, and which the owner wants to dispose of. According to the Waste Catalogue, end-of-life vehicles are classified in the group with waste index number There are no exact data on the quantities of end-of-life vehicles which are generated during one year. In the Republic of Serbia there are around 1 million vehicles whose average age is more than 10 years. Collection and management of end-of-life vehicles depends mostly on supply and demand. Hazardous substances and components are not extracted before the recycling process of end-of-life vehicles. Parts with positive value are extracted in smaller amount, depending on their age and condition. A certain number of operators which are registered for metal waste recycling can meet the legal regulations for end-of-life vehicles recycling. These operators have the capacity to recycle end-of-life vehicles in accordance with regulations. (WMS ). 7 Eurostat (available at : Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 25

30 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.1 Present collection system for ELV The first steps in the ELV processing chain is an automobile s declaration as an ELV, deregistration and issuance of a destruction certificate. The process of deregistration for vehicles that have reached their end-of-life is mandatory in almost all countries. General indicators for when a car is declared include its age, emission conformity, its condition and technical safety. In most countries, the latter two are periodically examined by independent organisations. In the US, Canada and Germany the frequency of the check is around every two years. If a car does not pass the check, the owner may decide whether to upgrade the vehicle to meet the required standards (if possible) or to declare it as ELV. Once the vehicle is declared as ELV it is to be deregistered. The collection and handling of vehicles declared ELV usually comprises the transfer of the car to a designated treatment facility where the actual depollution, dismantling and recycling processes take place. There are different modes of organising this transfer. For example, in the UK, the transfer of ELVs to the authorised treatment facilities (ATF) is facilitated via two main free take back service providers, namely Autogreen and Cartakeback. They both operate within a network of ATF throughout the UK. (SEPA and NIEA 2015). In the Netherlands, the Dutch automobile industry has established Auto Recycling Netherland (ARN) which is responsible for the collection of all scrap cars as well as for overseeing the dismantling and recycling process. The collection is without cost to the last owner. The system is financed through a waste disposal fee that is to be paid in the course of the initial vehicle registration. For the actual collection of the ELVs, ARN enters into contracts with other service provision companies (Environmental Protection Agency). Through Law on waste and subsequent rulebook on ELV management, Serbia took the necessary measures to ensure that economic operators in most cases the producers and/or importers of vehicles set up systems for the collection of end-of-life vehicles and (as far as technically feasible) of used parts removed when passenger cars are repaired, and to ensure the adequate availability of collection facilities within their territory. The delivery of an end-of-life vehicle is not free of charge if it does not contain the essential components or if it contains waste that had been added to it an option in line with the Directive. The dismantling facilities have to issue immediately a certificate of destruction, when they receive an ELV. Collection facilities only take back the vehicles and forward them to a dismantling facility. Collection, dismantling facilities and shredder facilities has to obtain a permit from the MAEP. These actors have to submit report to SEPA. Moreover, the Government introduced a system of incentives to stimulate the recycling market of specific element (namely waste accumulators, waste oils) and replacement of old cars with new ones with preformat environmental protection systems. Also, for several years (until beginning of this year) FIAT (domestic car manufacturer) granted an incentive for scrappage of old cars. The take-back system for end-of life vehicles is explicitly required to be cost free for the consumers. The dismantling and shredder facilities finance their operation via revenues for recovered scrap, spare parts and materials removed for recycling (like batteries, catalytic converters). Data on the costs of the systems are not published by the car producers/importers. According to SEPA database, there are 63 operators who received permits for the collection of hazardous End-of-life vehicles (for waste code *) by According to the Law on waste management, the permits for hazardous waste management shall be issued only by 26 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

31 ANNEX Title the Ministry. However, on the SEPA website it can be found some permits for hazardous waste codes granted by the municipalities i.e. Municipality of Aranđelovac (Општина Аранђеловац). For these cases the central authorities shall make an evaluation on the spot. Furthermore, 264 operators received a permit for collection of non-hazardous end-of-life vehicles (for waste code ). As well as, 63 operators have a permit for the transport and 17 operators for the storage of hazardous End-of-life vehicles (for waste code *). 268 operators received permits for transport and 164 operators for the storage of non-hazardous End-of-life vehicles (for waste code ). 5.2 Existing treatment facilities for ELV The recycling process of an ELV starts at the dismantling or treatment facility where it is first depolluted and then dismantled (sometimes these two steps are summarised as dismantling ). Depollution includes removing hazardous components and substances such as the battery, fuel, other fluids, airbags and any parts containing mercury. As the removed materials are either explosive or corrosive depollution must follow strict health and safety rules and contamination of the environment must be prevented. This includes storing hazardous components and materials separately and providing adequate training for employees. (DEFRA 2011). Once the vehicle has been depolluted it needs to be dismantled. This process involves segregating and collecting recyclable and reusable components, including engines, tires, bumpers, and other parts. The recovered components and fluids are sold for reuse in other vehicles (motor parts, batteries, fuel, etc.) or for further recycling (tires, valuable metals, carpets, etc.). The remaining hulk of the vehicle is crushed so that it can be transported in a compact and costeffective form to the shredder facility. There it is broken up into fist-sized pieces by large shredders. The shredded material is then separated into ferrous metals for material recovery as well as non-ferrous metals (heavy automotive shredder residue (ASR)) and other materials (light ASR). The separation process is realised by complex machinery such as magnetic separators, air classifiers, infrared systems, etc. Processing scrap in smelters usually produces secondary metal. The environmentally sound recycling process of ELVs comprises four major stages and is described below. Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 27

32 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 1 Environmentally sound recycling process of ELVs: Vehicles in use ELV last owner ELV Premature ELVs ( accident ) Natural ELVs (old) Stage 1 Depollution & Dismantling Remove battery, fluids, tyres, airbag Remove parts / materials Reuse / Reprocessing (batteries, fluids, fuel) Reuse / Recycling (parts / materials) Stage 2 Shredding Shred vehicle, reclaim metals Recovery / Recycling (ferrous metals) Stage 3 Treatment of light ASR Treatment of heavy ASR Recovery / Recycling (ASR: Recovery of materials/ Energy recovery) Landfill residue In the Republic of Serbia 8 operators received permits in total for the treatment of hazardous End-of-life vehicles. (for waste code *) until Out of which 4 are issued by the Ministry, 2 by the AP Vojvodina and 2 by municipalities: Municipality of Aranđelovac (Општина Аранђеловац) and: Municipality of Kraljevo. Table 8 Existing treatment facilities for ELV: Name of the operator Location Authorized capacity 8 ECOTEQ d.o.o. Beograd t/y ''CEZAR'' d.o.o. Beograd t/y 8 data provided by BC 28 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

33 ANNEX Title ''CEZAR'' d.o.o. 9 Beograd, Novi Sad, Pozega Beograd t/y Novi Sad t/y Pozega t/y ''OTPAD- PROMET'' d.o.o. Koceljeva tona/god ''STEEL-IMPEX'' d.o.o. Kraljevo t/y MAKSI-CO d.o.o. Aleksinac t/y MAKSI-CO d.o.o. 10 Donji Adrovac, Aleksinac Donji Adrovac, Zitkovac, Aleksinac 500 t/day MOST d.o.o. Vranje 300 t/y Furthermore, 131 companies have a permit for the treatment of non-hazardous end-of-life vehicles ( ). According to SEPA database, tons of end-of-life vehicles (718 tones under the waste code * hazardous end-of-life vehicles and tones under the code end-oflife vehicles, containing neither liquids nor other hazardous components) were treated in Serbia in This quantity does not reflect the ELVs generated in Serbia in 2014 (2.936 tones according to Waste Statistics or tones ELV generated annually), possible reasons for the low quantities reported is that treatment facilities are not reporting the total amount of ELV or the ELV are collected by informal collectors for scrap metals and not reported at all. Table 9 Wastes from dismantling of end-of-life vehicles and vehicle maintenance and the number of waste management operators: Code Waste Quantity (t) Collectors (no.) Transporters (no.) Storage (no.) Treatment (no.) Dep (no.) end-of-life tyres 6, oil filters 1, components containing mercury brake pads other than those mentioned in Shredding facility 10 Shredding facility Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 29

34 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS antifreeze fluids containing hazardous substances ferrous metal 55 12, non-ferrous metal Plastic Glass hazardous components other than those mentioned in to and and components not otherwise specified 44 wastes not otherwise specified 7, Total 29,590 Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not Not relevant relevant Currently, based on the figures available it can be concluded that in Serbia the ELV management system in not so developed but there is a tendency to move towards by creating a sustainable system. The process carried out is mainly collection, dismantling when the valuable parts are removed and valorized and after a primary treatment made by shredder installations. 30 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

35 ANNEX Title 6 EXPECTED TYPES, QUANTITIES, AND ORIGIN OF ELV THAT WILL BE PRODUCED IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, IMPORTED, OR EXPORTED TO OTHER COUNTRY, INCLUDING THE ASSESSMENT OF SPECIFIC WASTE STREAM CREATION, AND BASED ON THE QUANTITY OF PRODUCTS PLACED ON THE MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA (FORECAST ON WASTE QUANTITIES) Based on the annual numbers of first time registered passenger cars and on the growth of the fleet of passenger cars and on extrapolations from data of other countries the average quantity of ELV generated annually in Serbia in 2014 was estimated to be between 40,600 and 42,000 tones. Over the last years, the number of registered passenger cars in Serbia has increased on average 2,2 % annually. Assuming, that the car fleet will continue to increase 2.2% annually, the quantity of ELV will amount to t in The assumption, that the car fleet will continue to grow despite of the fact, that according to the prognosis the population of Serbia is going to decrease, is realistic since it can be expected that the number of passenger cars per person will increase in the future. The current rate of 0.26 cars per inhabitant is relatively low compared to the average in the EU countries. The annual increase of 2.2% of registered passenger cars, presuming the same pattern as in the past years, would mean that in 2020 there would be 0.30 passenger cars per inhabitant in Serbia. Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 31

36 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 ASSESSMENT OF NEED FOR NEW COLLECTION SYSTEM, ADDITIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SELF- SUFFICIENCY AND CLOSENESS PRINCIPLES, AND, IF NECESSARY, INVESTING IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH INFRASTRUCTURE 7.1 Options for the collection of ELV ELV stands for End of Life Vehicle (or more commonly referred to as a scrap car, junk car, breaker or salvage vehicle). An end-of-life is a specified vehicle which is discarded or is to be discarded by its registered owner as waste. Vehicles normally reach the end of their useful lives, either due to age (typically around years), or because of heavy damage following an accident. There is no fixed age, therefore, at which a vehicle can be considered an end-of-life vehicle. The German example: Car producers have to take back all the vehicles of their brand in an authorised permitted collection facility or an authorised dismantling facility designated by the car producer. At the collection or dismantling facility, the owner is given a certificate of destruction. The take back system for end-of life cars is explicitly required to be cost free. The German legislation also requires the installation of a sufficiently comprehensive network of authorised collection facilities or authorised dismantling facilities. In Netherlands the last owner of a vehicle can deliver it free of charge to a recognised garage, dismantler or vehicle repair company. It is interesting to note that contrary to most member states, the Dutch legislation provides for free take-back regardless whether the vehicle is complete or not. Dismantling companies are free to trade among themselves before disassembly. This facilitates reuse since certain dismantlers specialise in a particular brand. With this system, the Netherlands has managed to reach a recycling rate stipulated by the ELV Directive. Greece has chosen to establish compliance schemes (umbrella organizations) for a range of target waste streams. In all legislative acts concerning the waste streams and in particular the ELVs the concept of alternative management was defined consisting in the procedures of collection, reception, transportation, temporary storage, reuse and utilization of end of life vehicles or of the used spare parts and deactivated catalytic converters so that following the reuse or treatment thereof to respectively return to the flow of market. The producers of vehicles bear the obligation to organize or participate in individual or collective systems for the alternative management of the vehicles and to promote the most appropriate method of alternative management. 7.2 Options for the treatment, recovery and disposal of ELV Processing of ELVs includes the following stages, presented also in the next diagram: Depollution and dismantling; Shredding; Post shredding technologies. 32 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS

37 ANNEX Title Figure 2 Stage for ELV processing: Vehicles in Use Exports Natural old ELVs Premature ELVs accidents Collection center Reuse (batteries, fuel) Reprocessing (batteries, fluids) Reuse of parts Recycling of materials Dismantling facility Depollution: Remove battery, fluids, tires, airbag. Remove parts/materials Recovery of metals Shredding Shred vehicle, reclaim metal Recovery of materials/ Energy recovery Treatment of ASR Thermal/mechanical Landfill of Residue Depollution The first stage of processing includes the removal of hazardous and toxic fluids of the vehicle. More specific, depollution includes removal, separate collection and temporary storage of: Table 10 Stage of processing (removal of hazardous and toxic fluids of the vehicle): Fuel Antifreeze liquid Brake fluid Cooling liquid Engine oils Hydraulic oil Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS 33

38 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS Power steering oil Coolant - Heat liquids (air condition) Gearbox oils Windscreen washer Also, depollution includes the removal or neutralization of hazardous parts of the vehicle, such as airbags (potentially explosive elements). Dismantling The next stage of ELVs management is dismantling. The dismantling of vehicle depends on the volume and weight of parts/ pieces that are removed and the ease of their removal from the main part of the vehicle. Therefore, dismantling can be either partial (removal of liquids which contains the vehicle, battery, bumpers, glasses, doors, tyres and also the engine), or complete. Shredding - separation The subsequent stage of ELVs management includes shredding and then separation of materials, into three separate streams: i. ferrous metals ii. non-ferrous metals and iii. Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR) The Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR) can be managed with two alternative practises, as follows: Final disposal as it is; Treatment of ASR: Thermal/Mechanical (Recovery of materials/fuels/ Energy recovery). Figure 3 Treatment of ASR: Distribution of materials within the ASR ASR Material Distribution, % weight (Modified from Hjelmar, 2009) 34 Improvement of hazardous waste management in the Republic of Serbia - IWHMS