Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.

Transcription

1 Skills Worksheet Concept Review MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. a. compost b. biodegradable c. landfill d. solid waste e. hazardous waste 1. any discarded solid material f. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) g. incinerator h. mining waste i. leachate j. surface impoundment 2. can be broken down by biological processes 3. requires producers of hazardous waste to keep records of how wastes are handled 4. place to dispose of waste by burying it 5. water that contains dissolved chemicals from wastes that have been buried 6. rocks and minerals left over from excavation and processing 7. facility for burning trash 8. nutrient-rich material made from decomposed plant and animal materials 9. any toxic, corrosive, or explosive waste 10. process used for disposing of wastes involving a pond with a sealed bottom MULTIPLE CHOICE In the space provided, write the letter of the word or statement that best answers the question or completes the sentence. 11. Solid waste includes all of the following except a. agricultural waste. c. plastics. b. methane. d. food waste. 12. The ash produced when solid waste is incinerated is the original solid waste. a. less toxic c. as toxic b. more toxic d. more recyclable than Holt Environmental Science 1 Waste

2 Concept Review continued 13. If an owner of a business illegally dumps hazardous waste, which law allows the EPA to sue the owner and force the owner to pay for the cleanup? a. the Superfund Act b. the Incinerator Act c. RCRA d. the Love Canal Act 14. Surface impoundment includes which physical process? a. decontamination b. evaporation c. injection d. all of the above 15. One disadvantage of biodegradable plastic is that a. it has to be blended with plant sugars in order to be useful. b. it has to be left in the sun for months before it can begin to degrade. c. it is toxic and useful only in industry. d. the plastic parts are reduced to smaller pieces but are not completely degraded. 16. Which regulation requires producers of hazardous wastes to document how their wastes are handled? a. the Superfund Act b. the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act c. the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) d. the Love Canal Act 17. Which of the following is the most important function of a landfill? a. to provide leachate for other industrial processes b. to contain buried waste and prevent it from contaminating the environment c. to be as inexpensive as possible to build d. all of the above 18. Which of the following would not reduce the amount of municipal solid waste going to landfills? a. composting yard waste b. eliminating recycling programs c. reusing products d. all of the above Holt Environmental Science 2 Waste

3 Skills Worksheet Critical Thinking ANALOGIES Mark the letter of the pair of terms that best completes the analogy shown. An analogy is a relationship between two pairs of words or phrases written as a : b :: c : d. The symbol : is read is to, and the symbol :: is read as. 1. cardboard box : solid waste :: a. motor oil : hazardous waste b. barge : exported waste c. excavation : mining waste d. Yucca Mountain : nuclear waste 2. landfill : groundwater :: a. vent pipes : methane b. incinerator : air c. factory : land d. playgrounds : chemicals 3. sunlight : photodegradable :: a. polyester : nonbiodegradable b. decomposers : biodegradable c. paper : recyclable d. batteries : rechargeable 4. dish towels : paper towels :: a. egg cartons : drink boxes b. green plastic : sugar molecules c. plastic bags : paper bags d. rechargeable batteries : regular batteries 5. surface impoundment : evaporation :: a. Superfund : legislation b. furnace : incineration c. composting : decomposition d. recycling : source reduction 6. waste production : increasing :: a. incinerators : reducing b. available land : decreasing c. raw materials : decomposing d. recycled materials : expanding 7. household hazardous waste collection : local government :: a. waste export : international agreement b. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act : state government c. Superfund site cleanup : federal government d. Love Canal : school board 8. better design : source reduction :: a. increased demand : recycling b. changing materials : solid waste c. reusing materials : glass bottles d. chemical treatment : oil spills Holt Environmental Science 3 Waste

4 Critical Thinking continued INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS Read the passage below, and answer the questions that follow. The total amount of municipal solid waste generated in the United States has doubled in the last 40 years. Today, the average person living in the United States produces 4.4 pounds of solid waste per day. Because the human population and the amount of waste we create are increasing and the amount of land available is decreasing, it is getting harder to dispose of the waste we create. Millions of tons of municipal solid waste Glass Plastics Year Aluminum 9. During the 1970s, the production of waste per person grew slowly while an economic recession was occurring in the United States. How might the slower production of waste have been related to the recession? 10. In the 1980s, after the recession was over, why did the amount of waste per person increase? What could have been done to offset this trend? 11. During the 1990s, the amount of waste generated per person remained almost constant, yet the total waste generated increased steadily. Explain why such a situation could occur. Holt Environmental Science 4 Waste

5 Critical Thinking continued AGREE OR DISAGREE Agree or disagree with the following statements, and support your answer. 12. Leachate is a form of hazardous waste. 13. Compost is biodegradable. 14. There is little danger of hazardous waste entering groundwater if the waste is disposed of through deep-well injection. Holt Environmental Science 5 Waste

6 Critical Thinking continued REFINING CONCEPTS 15. Under certain conditions, biodegradable materials can take a long time to decompose. What factors could keep a newspaper in a landfill intact for years? What factors could speed up the process of decomposition? 16. As a packaging material, glass has some advantages over plastic, but it also has some disadvantages. List two disadvantages of using glass containers. 17. Recycling rates in Japan are much higher than they are in the United States. List two reasons why this might be the case. Holt Environmental Science 6 Waste

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