(CalEnviroScreen 1.0)

Transcription

1 Using PUR data in the California Communities Environmental Health Screening Tool (CalEnviroScreen 1.0) Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency May 6, 2013 Rose Cendak and Laura August

2 Basis of Environmental Justice concerns Numerous studies have shown that multiple pollution sources are disproportionately concentrated in lowincome communities with high-minority populations. Studies have reported communities with certain socioeconomic factors (i.e. low-income, loweducation) have increased sensitivity to pollution. Combination of multiple pollutants and increased sensitivity in these communities can result in higher pollution impacts. 2

3 Focus of CalEnviroScreen exposures, public health or environmental effects from the combined emissions and discharges in a geographic area, including environmental pollution from all sources, whether single or multi-media, routinely, accidentally, or otherwise released. Impacts will take into account sensitive populations and socioeconomic factors, where applicable and to the extent data are available. -- Definition of cumulative impacts by Cal/EPA Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice 3

4 CalEnviroScreen Model Exposures Environmental Effects Sensitive Populations Socioeconomic Factors 4

5 Interpretation of Major Terms Exposures Contact with pollution Environmental Effects Sensitive Populations Socioeconomic Factors Adverse environmental conditions caused by pollutants Populations with biological traits that may magnify the effects of pollutant exposures Community characteristics that result in increased vulnerability to pollutants 5

6 Indicators for Components Exposures Environmental Effects Sensitive Populations Socioeconomic Factors PM 2.5 concentrations Ozone concentrations Diesel PM emissions Pesticide use Toxic releases from facilities Cleanup sites Groundwater threats(leaking under-ground storage tanks and cleanups) Impaired water bodies Solid waste sites and facilities Prevalence of children and elderly Asthma emergency department visit rate Percent low birth weight Educational attainment Linguistic isolation Poverty: Percent residents below 2x national poverty level Race/ethnicity 6 Traffic density Hazardous waste facilities

7 Overview of CalEnviroScreen Version 1.0 released April 23, 2013 Broad picture of pollution burdens and population vulnerability Analysis of all California ZIP Codes Next step in Cal/EPA s EJ Action Plan 7

8 Pesticide Use Indicator Development

9 Criteria for Pollution Burden Indicator Selection Provide a good measure of the contribution to the component Should relate to issues that may be actionable by Cal/EPA Publicly available Statewide and location-based information Good quality data (e.g., covers the state, accurate, current) PUR data satisfy these criteria 9

10 Consideration 1: Include all active ingredients? Relevance to exposure Level of hazard posed OEHHA filtered list of all registered active ingredients for hazard and volatility to develop a subset including 66 chemicals. Prioritization guided by: DPR s Air Monitoring Network Plan (2010) DPR s Risk Assessment Prioritization (Birth Defect Prevention Act of 1984, SB 950) OEHHA s Classification of Carcinogenicity or Reproductive or Developmental Toxicity (Proposition 65) Volatility information from DPR and from scientific literature 10

11 1,3-Dichloropropene 2,2-Dibromo-3- nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP, Dichlorvos) Acephate Acrolein Aldicarb Azinphos-methyl (Guthion) Bromoxynil heptanoate Bromoxynil octanoate Buprofezin Carbaryl (Sevin) Carbofuran Chloropicrin Chlorothalonil Chlorpyrifos Chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA, Dacthal) Clomazone Cycloate (Ro-Neet) Cyprodinil Dazomet Diazinon Dichloran Dimethoate Endosulfan Ethalfluralin Ethoprop Fenamiphos Fenpropathrin Fenthion Fludioxonil Flumioxazin Hydrogen cyanamide Imazalil Linuron Malathion Metalaxyl Metam-sodium Methamidophos (Monitor) Methidathion Methomyl Methyl bromide Methyl isothiocyanate Methyl parathion Molinate Myclobutanil Naled Oxydemeton-methyl Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) Phosphine Metam-potassium Propetamphos Propoxur (Baygon) Propylene oxide Pyrimethanil S,S,S-Tributyl phoshorotrithioate (DEF) S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) Sodium cyanide Sodium tetrathiocarbonate Sulfur dioxide Sulfuryl fluoride Thiram Triclopyr butoxyethyl ester (TBEE) Triclopyr triethylamine salt (TEA) Triflumizole Trifluralin Ziram 11

12 Consideration 2: Include non-production agricultural and non-agricultural uses? Relevance to exposure Scale of measurement In consideration of comments from the Cumulative Impacts and Precautionary Approaches (CIPA) Work Group and from the public, OEHHA elected not to include data only available at the county scale. 12

13 MTRS Scale to ZIP Code Scale Agricultural pesticide use is reported in geographical units of Meridian-Township-Range-Section (MTRS) based on the Public Land Survey System; CalEnviroScreen 1.0 uses ZIP codes as the geographical units. Obtained agricultural pesticide use records for 2009 and 2010 from DPR in MTRS units. Used ArcGIS to area-apportion MTRS to ZIP codes based on extent of overlay. 12

14 MTRS to ZIP Code Area-Apportionment % of MTRS apportioned to ZIP code % of MTRS apportioned to ZIP code 90810, 15% apportioned to ZIP code 90806

15 Final Pesticides Indicator Total pounds of selected active pesticide ingredients (filtered for hazard and volatility) used in production-agriculture per square mile. For a single record, total pounds of active ingredient applied apportioned to ZIP code according to percentage of overlay For a single ZIP code, weighted totals from areaapportionment summed over all selected active ingredients ZIP code total divided by ZIP code area in square miles Pounds per square mile averaged for the two years of data 15

16 Scoring CalEnviroScreen 1.0 uses a percentile approach for scoring all indicators ZIP codes were assigned percentile values based on where they fell in the statewide distribution of total pounds of selected active pesticide ingredients per square mile Higher scores mean greater contribution to impact 16

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18 18 More at:

19 Data Gaps Reporting exemptions Non-production agricultural use, non-agricultural use Private home/landscaping/other use Full understanding of which pesticide types and uses are responsible for greatest exposure and risks 19

20 Our Next Steps Incorporate 2011 PUR data when available Analyze data at the census tract scale Explore incorporation of other data to better capture urban uses 20

21 How to learn more CalEnviroScreen 1.0 Report and Web Map: Project reports, meetings, and archive of public materials: s when new information is available or when meetings are announced: [OEHHA s listserv page; select Cumulative Impacts ] 21